feat: enhance Docker support with production setup and deployment script (#1086)

* feat: add `make start` command for local previewing

* Update Makefile

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

* fix: update help text for `make dev` and `make start` commands

* feat: enhance Docker support with production setup and deployment script

* feat: add production commands to Makefile

* feat: remove PostgreSQL and Redis services from Docker Compose and update deploy script

* fix: address Copilot review suggestions from Docker production PR #1086 (#10)

* Initial plan

* fix: address all review suggestions from PR #1086

Co-authored-by: foreleven <4785594+foreleven@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: foreleven <4785594+foreleven@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update docker/docker-compose.yaml

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

* feat: remove deprecated Dockerfile.langgraph to clean up repository

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: foreleven <4785594+foreleven@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Willem Jiang <willem.jiang@gmail.com>

.gitignore

@@ -48,3 +48,6 @@ sandbox_image_cache.tar
 
 # ignore the legacy `web` folder
 web/
+
+# Deployment artifacts
+backend/Dockerfile.langgraph

Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # DeerFlow - Unified Development Environment
 
-.PHONY: help config check install dev dev-daemon start stop clean docker-init docker-start docker-stop docker-logs docker-logs-frontend docker-logs-gateway
+.PHONY: help config check install dev dev-daemon start stop up down clean docker-init docker-start docker-stop docker-logs docker-logs-frontend docker-logs-gateway
 
 help:
 	@echo "DeerFlow Development Commands:"
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ help:
 	@echo "  make stop            - Stop all running services"
 	@echo "  make clean           - Clean up processes and temporary files"
 	@echo ""
+	@echo "Docker Production Commands:"
+	@echo "  make up              - Build and start production Docker services (localhost:2026)"
+	@echo "  make down            - Stop and remove production Docker containers"
+	@echo ""
 	@echo "Docker Development Commands:"
 	@echo "  make docker-init     - Build the custom k3s image (with pre-cached sandbox image)"
 	@echo "  make docker-start    - Start Docker services (mode-aware from config.yaml, localhost:2026)"
@@ -141,3 +145,15 @@ docker-logs-frontend:
 	@./scripts/docker.sh logs --frontend
 docker-logs-gateway:
 	@./scripts/docker.sh logs --gateway
+
+# ==========================================
+# Production Docker Commands
+# ==========================================
+
+# Build and start production services
+up:
+	@./scripts/deploy.sh
+
+# Stop and remove production containers
+down:
+	@./scripts/deploy.sh down

README.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ DeerFlow has newly integrated the intelligent search and crawling toolset indepe
     - [Advanced](#advanced)
       - [Sandbox Mode](#sandbox-mode)
       - [MCP Server](#mcp-server)
-    - [IM Channels](#im-channels)
+      - [IM Channels](#im-channels)
   - [From Deep Research to Super Agent Harness](#from-deep-research-to-super-agent-harness)
   - [Core Features](#core-features)
     - [Skills \& Tools](#skills--tools)
@@ -129,17 +129,26 @@ DeerFlow has newly integrated the intelligent search and crawling toolset indepe
 
 #### Option 1: Docker (Recommended)
 
-The fastest way to get started with a consistent environment:
+**Development** (hot-reload, source mounts):
 
-1. **Initialize and start**:
+```bash
-   ```bash
+make docker-init    # Pull sandbox image (only once or when image updates)
-   make docker-init    # Pull sandbox image (Only once or when image updates)
+make docker-start   # Start services (auto-detects sandbox mode from config.yaml)
-   make docker-start   # Start services (auto-detects sandbox mode from config.yaml)
+```
-   ```
 
-   `make docker-start` now starts `provisioner` only when `config.yaml` uses provisioner mode (`sandbox.use: src.community.aio_sandbox:AioSandboxProvider` with `provisioner_url`).
+`make docker-start` starts `provisioner` only when `config.yaml` uses provisioner mode (`sandbox.use: src.community.aio_sandbox:AioSandboxProvider` with `provisioner_url`).
 
-2. **Access**: http://localhost:2026
+**Production** (builds images locally, mounts runtime config and data):
+
+```bash
+make up     # Build images and start all production services
+make down   # Stop and remove containers
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> The LangGraph agent server currently runs via `langgraph dev` (the open-source CLI server).
+
+Access: http://localhost:2026
 
 See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for detailed Docker development guide.
 

backend/Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 # Backend Development Dockerfile
 FROM python:3.12-slim
 
-# Install system dependencies
+ARG NODE_MAJOR=22
+
+# Install system dependencies + Node.js (provides npx for MCP servers)
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     curl \
     build-essential \
+    gnupg \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
+    && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg \
+    && echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_${NODE_MAJOR}.x nodistro main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y nodejs \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 # Install Docker CLI (for DooD: allows starting sandbox containers via host Docker socket)

backend/langgraph.json

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://langgra.ph/schema.json",
+  "python_version": "3.12",
   "dependencies": [
     "."
   ],

backend/uv.lock

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.12"
 resolution-markers = [
     "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
     "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform != 'win32'",
+    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
     "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and sys_platform != 'win32'",
     "python_full_version < '3.13' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
     "python_full_version < '3.13' and sys_platform != 'win32'",

docker/docker-compose-dev.yaml

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ services:
     build:
       context: ../
       dockerfile: frontend/Dockerfile
+      target: dev
       args:
         PNPM_STORE_PATH: ${PNPM_STORE_PATH:-/root/.local/share/pnpm/store}
     container_name: deer-flow-frontend

docker/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# DeerFlow Production Environment
+# Usage: make up
+#
+# Services:
+#   - nginx:       Reverse proxy (port 2026, configurable via PORT env var)
+#   - frontend:    Next.js production server
+#   - gateway:     FastAPI Gateway API
+#   - langgraph:   LangGraph production server (Dockerfile generated by langgraph dockerfile)
+#   - provisioner: (optional) Sandbox provisioner for Kubernetes mode
+#
+# Key environment variables (set via environment/.env or scripts/deploy.sh):
+#   DEER_FLOW_HOME                   — runtime data dir, default $REPO_ROOT/backend/.deer-flow
+#   DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH            — path to config.yaml
+#   DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH — path to extensions_config.json
+#   DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET          — Docker socket path, default /var/run/docker.sock
+#   DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT              — repo root (used for skills host path in DooD)
+#   BETTER_AUTH_SECRET               — required for frontend auth/session security
+#
+# LangSmith tracing is disabled by default (LANGCHAIN_TRACING_V2=false).
+# Set LANGCHAIN_TRACING_V2=true and LANGSMITH_API_KEY in .env to enable it.
+#
+# Access: http://localhost:${PORT:-2026}
+
+services:
+  # ── Reverse Proxy ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  nginx:
+    image: nginx:alpine
+    container_name: deer-flow-nginx
+    ports:
+      - "${PORT:-2026}:2026"
+    volumes:
+      - ./nginx/${NGINX_CONF:-nginx.conf}:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
+    depends_on:
+      - frontend
+      - gateway
+      - langgraph
+    networks:
+      - deer-flow
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+  # ── Frontend: Next.js Production ───────────────────────────────────────────
+  frontend:
+    build:
+      context: ../
+      dockerfile: frontend/Dockerfile
+      target: prod
+      args:
+        PNPM_STORE_PATH: ${PNPM_STORE_PATH:-/root/.local/share/pnpm/store}
+    container_name: deer-flow-frontend
+    environment:
+      - BETTER_AUTH_SECRET=${BETTER_AUTH_SECRET}
+    env_file:
+      - ../frontend/.env
+    networks:
+      - deer-flow
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+  # ── Gateway API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  gateway:
+    build:
+      context: ../
+      dockerfile: backend/Dockerfile
+    container_name: deer-flow-gateway
+    command: sh -c "cd backend && uv run uvicorn src.gateway.app:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8001 --workers 2"
+    volumes:
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH}:/app/backend/config.yaml:ro
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH}:/app/backend/extensions_config.json:ro
+      - ../skills:/app/skills:ro
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_HOME}:/app/backend/.deer-flow
+      # DooD: AioSandboxProvider starts sandbox containers via host Docker daemon
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET}:/var/run/docker.sock
+    working_dir: /app
+    environment:
+      - CI=true
+      - DEER_FLOW_HOME=/app/backend/.deer-flow
+      # DooD path/network translation
+      - DEER_FLOW_HOST_BASE_DIR=${DEER_FLOW_HOME}
+      - DEER_FLOW_HOST_SKILLS_PATH=${DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT}/skills
+      - DEER_FLOW_SANDBOX_HOST=host.docker.internal
+    env_file:
+      - ../.env
+    extra_hosts:
+      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
+    networks:
+      - deer-flow
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+  # ── LangGraph Server ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  # TODO: switch to langchain/langgraph-api (licensed) once a license key is available.
+  # For now, use `langgraph dev` (no license required) with the standard backend image.
+  langgraph:
+    build:
+      context: ../
+      dockerfile: backend/Dockerfile
+    container_name: deer-flow-langgraph
+    command: sh -c "cd /app/backend && uv run langgraph dev --no-browser --allow-blocking --no-reload --host 0.0.0.0 --port 2024"
+    volumes:
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH}:/app/config.yaml:ro
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH}:/app/extensions_config.json:ro
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_HOME}:/app/backend/.deer-flow
+      - ../skills:/app/skills:ro
+      - ../backend/.langgraph_api:/app/backend/.langgraph_api
+      # DooD: same as gateway
+      - ${DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET}:/var/run/docker.sock
+    environment:
+      - CI=true
+      - DEER_FLOW_HOME=/app/backend/.deer-flow
+      - DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH=/app/config.yaml
+      - DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH=/app/extensions_config.json
+      - DEER_FLOW_HOST_BASE_DIR=${DEER_FLOW_HOME}
+      - DEER_FLOW_HOST_SKILLS_PATH=${DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT}/skills
+      - DEER_FLOW_SANDBOX_HOST=host.docker.internal
+      # Disable LangSmith tracing — LANGSMITH_API_KEY is not required.
+      # Set LANGCHAIN_TRACING_V2=true and LANGSMITH_API_KEY in .env to enable.
+      - LANGCHAIN_TRACING_V2=${LANGCHAIN_TRACING_V2:-false}
+    env_file:
+      - ../.env
+    extra_hosts:
+      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
+    networks:
+      - deer-flow
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+  # ── Sandbox Provisioner (optional, Kubernetes mode) ────────────────────────
+  provisioner:
+    profiles:
+      - provisioner
+    build:
+      context: ./provisioner
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile
+    container_name: deer-flow-provisioner
+    volumes:
+      - ~/.kube/config:/root/.kube/config:ro
+    environment:
+      - K8S_NAMESPACE=deer-flow
+      - SANDBOX_IMAGE=enterprise-public-cn-beijing.cr.volces.com/vefaas-public/all-in-one-sandbox:latest
+      - SKILLS_HOST_PATH=${DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT}/skills
+      - THREADS_HOST_PATH=${DEER_FLOW_HOME}/threads
+      - KUBECONFIG_PATH=/root/.kube/config
+      - NODE_HOST=host.docker.internal
+      - K8S_API_SERVER=https://host.docker.internal:26443
+    env_file:
+      - ../.env
+    extra_hosts:
+      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
+    networks:
+      - deer-flow
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8002/health"]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 6
+networks:
+  deer-flow:
+    driver: bridge

frontend/Dockerfile

@@ -1,22 +1,35 @@
-# Frontend Development Dockerfile
+# Frontend Dockerfile
-FROM node:22-alpine
+# Supports two targets:
+#   --target dev   — install deps only, run `pnpm dev` at container start
+#   --target prod  — full build baked in, run `pnpm start` at container start (default if no --target is specified)
 
-# Accept build argument for pnpm store path
 ARG PNPM_STORE_PATH=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store
 
-# Install pnpm at specific version (matching package.json)
+# ── Base: shared setup ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+FROM node:22-alpine AS base
+ARG PNPM_STORE_PATH
 RUN corepack enable && corepack install -g pnpm@10.26.2
-
 RUN pnpm config set store-dir ${PNPM_STORE_PATH}
-
-# Set working directory
 WORKDIR /app
-
-# Copy frontend source code
 COPY frontend ./frontend
 
-# Install dependencies
+# ── Dev: install only, CMD is overridden by docker-compose ───────────────────
-RUN sh -c "cd /app/frontend && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile"
+FROM base AS dev
-
+RUN cd /app/frontend && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
-# Expose Next.js dev server port
 EXPOSE 3000
+
+# ── Builder: install + compile Next.js ───────────────────────────────────────
+FROM base AS builder
+RUN cd /app/frontend && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+# Skip env validation — runtime vars are injected by nginx/container
+RUN cd /app/frontend && SKIP_ENV_VALIDATION=1 pnpm build
+
+# ── Prod: minimal runtime with pre-built output ───────────────────────────────
+FROM node:22-alpine AS prod
+ARG PNPM_STORE_PATH
+RUN corepack enable && corepack install -g pnpm@10.26.2
+RUN pnpm config set store-dir ${PNPM_STORE_PATH}
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=builder /app/frontend ./frontend
+EXPOSE 3000
+CMD ["sh", "-c", "cd /app/frontend && pnpm start"]

scripts/deploy.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# deploy.sh - Build and start (or stop) DeerFlow production services
+#
+# Usage:
+#   deploy.sh [up]   — build images and start containers (default)
+#   deploy.sh down   — stop and remove containers
+#
+# Must be run from the repo root directory.
+
+set -e
+
+CMD="${1:-up}"
+
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+cd "$REPO_ROOT"
+
+DOCKER_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/docker"
+COMPOSE_CMD=(docker compose -p deer-flow -f "$DOCKER_DIR/docker-compose.yaml")
+
+# ── Colors ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+BLUE='\033[0;34m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+# ── DEER_FLOW_HOME ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if [ -z "$DEER_FLOW_HOME" ]; then
+    export DEER_FLOW_HOME="$REPO_ROOT/backend/.deer-flow"
+fi
+echo -e "${BLUE}DEER_FLOW_HOME=$DEER_FLOW_HOME${NC}"
+mkdir -p "$DEER_FLOW_HOME"
+
+# ── DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT (for skills host path in DooD) ───────────────────────
+
+export DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT="$REPO_ROOT"
+
+# ── config.yaml ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if [ -z "$DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH" ]; then
+    export DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH="$REPO_ROOT/config.yaml"
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH" ]; then
+    # Try to seed from repo (config.example.yaml is the canonical template)
+    if [ -f "$REPO_ROOT/config.example.yaml" ]; then
+        cp "$REPO_ROOT/config.example.yaml" "$DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH"
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✓ Seeded config.example.yaml → $DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH${NC}"
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠ config.yaml was seeded from the example template.${NC}"
+        echo "  Edit $DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH and set your model API keys before use."
+    else
+        echo -e "${RED}✗ No config.yaml found.${NC}"
+        echo "  Run 'make config' from the repo root to generate one,"
+        echo "  then set the required model API keys."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+else
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓ config.yaml: $DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH${NC}"
+fi
+
+# ── extensions_config.json ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if [ -z "$DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH" ]; then
+    export DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH="$REPO_ROOT/extensions_config.json"
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH" ]; then
+    if [ -f "$REPO_ROOT/extensions_config.json" ]; then
+        cp "$REPO_ROOT/extensions_config.json" "$DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH"
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✓ Seeded extensions_config.json → $DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH${NC}"
+    else
+        # Create a minimal empty config so the gateway doesn't fail on startup
+        echo '{"mcpServers":{},"skills":{}}' > "$DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH"
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠ extensions_config.json not found, created empty config at $DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH${NC}"
+    fi
+else
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓ extensions_config.json: $DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH${NC}"
+fi
+
+
+# ── BETTER_AUTH_SECRET ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Required by Next.js in production. Generated once and persisted so auth
+# sessions survive container restarts.
+
+_secret_file="$DEER_FLOW_HOME/.better-auth-secret"
+if [ -z "$BETTER_AUTH_SECRET" ]; then
+    if [ -f "$_secret_file" ]; then
+        export BETTER_AUTH_SECRET
+        BETTER_AUTH_SECRET="$(cat "$_secret_file")"
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✓ BETTER_AUTH_SECRET loaded from $_secret_file${NC}"
+    else
+        export BETTER_AUTH_SECRET
+        BETTER_AUTH_SECRET="$(python3 -c 'import secrets; print(secrets.token_hex(32))')"
+        echo "$BETTER_AUTH_SECRET" > "$_secret_file"
+        chmod 600 "$_secret_file"
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✓ BETTER_AUTH_SECRET generated → $_secret_file${NC}"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# ── detect_sandbox_mode ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+detect_sandbox_mode() {
+    local sandbox_use=""
+    local provisioner_url=""
+
+    [ -f "$DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH" ] || { echo "local"; return; }
+
+    sandbox_use=$(awk '
+        /^[[:space:]]*sandbox:[[:space:]]*$/ { in_sandbox=1; next }
+        in_sandbox && /^[^[:space:]#]/ { in_sandbox=0 }
+        in_sandbox && /^[[:space:]]*use:[[:space:]]*/ {
+            line=$0; sub(/^[[:space:]]*use:[[:space:]]*/, "", line); print line; exit
+        }
+    ' "$DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH")
+
+    provisioner_url=$(awk '
+        /^[[:space:]]*sandbox:[[:space:]]*$/ { in_sandbox=1; next }
+        in_sandbox && /^[^[:space:]#]/ { in_sandbox=0 }
+        in_sandbox && /^[[:space:]]*provisioner_url:[[:space:]]*/ {
+            line=$0; sub(/^[[:space:]]*provisioner_url:[[:space:]]*/, "", line); print line; exit
+        }
+    ' "$DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH")
+
+    if [[ "$sandbox_use" == *"src.community.aio_sandbox:AioSandboxProvider"* ]]; then
+        if [ -n "$provisioner_url" ]; then
+            echo "provisioner"
+        else
+            echo "aio"
+        fi
+    else
+        echo "local"
+    fi
+}
+
+# ── down ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if [ "$CMD" = "down" ]; then
+    # Set minimal env var defaults so docker compose can parse the file without
+    # warning about unset variables that appear in volume specs.
+    export DEER_FLOW_HOME="${DEER_FLOW_HOME:-$REPO_ROOT/backend/.deer-flow}"
+    export DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH="${DEER_FLOW_CONFIG_PATH:-$DEER_FLOW_HOME/config.yaml}"
+    export DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH="${DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH:-$DEER_FLOW_HOME/extensions_config.json}"
+    export DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET="${DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET:-/var/run/docker.sock}"
+    export DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT="${DEER_FLOW_REPO_ROOT:-$REPO_ROOT}"
+    export BETTER_AUTH_SECRET="${BETTER_AUTH_SECRET:-placeholder}"
+    "${COMPOSE_CMD[@]}" down
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# ── Banner ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "  DeerFlow Production Deployment"
+echo "=========================================="
+echo ""
+
+# ── Step 1: Detect sandbox mode ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+sandbox_mode="$(detect_sandbox_mode)"
+echo -e "${BLUE}Sandbox mode: $sandbox_mode${NC}"
+
+if [ "$sandbox_mode" = "provisioner" ]; then
+    services=""
+    extra_args="--profile provisioner"
+else
+    services="frontend gateway langgraph nginx"
+    extra_args=""
+fi
+
+
+# ── DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if [ -z "$DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET" ]; then
+    export DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET="/var/run/docker.sock"
+fi
+
+if [ "$sandbox_mode" != "local" ]; then
+    if [ ! -S "$DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET" ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}⚠ Docker socket not found at $DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET${NC}"
+        echo "  AioSandboxProvider (DooD) will not work."
+        exit 1
+    else
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✓ Docker socket: $DEER_FLOW_DOCKER_SOCKET${NC}"
+    fi
+fi
+
+echo ""
+
+# ── Step 2: Build and start ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+echo "Building images and starting containers..."
+echo ""
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC2086
+"${COMPOSE_CMD[@]}" $extra_args up --build -d --remove-orphans $services
+
+echo ""
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "  DeerFlow is running!"
+echo "=========================================="
+echo ""
+echo "  🌐 Application: http://localhost:${PORT:-2026}"
+echo "  📡 API Gateway: http://localhost:${PORT:-2026}/api/*"
+echo "  🤖 LangGraph:   http://localhost:${PORT:-2026}/api/langgraph/*"
+echo ""
+echo "  Manage:"
+echo "    make down        — stop and remove containers"
+echo "    make docker-logs — view logs"
+echo ""