diff --git a/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/thread_data_middleware.py b/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/thread_data_middleware.py
index 479c8c5..948085b 100644
--- a/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/thread_data_middleware.py
+++ b/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/thread_data_middleware.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from typing import NotRequired, override
 
 from langchain.agents import AgentState
 from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware
+from langgraph.config import get_config
 from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
 
 from deerflow.agents.thread_state import ThreadDataState
@@ -71,9 +72,14 @@ class ThreadDataMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[ThreadDataMiddlewareState]):
 
     @override
     def before_agent(self, state: ThreadDataMiddlewareState, runtime: Runtime) -> dict | None:
-        thread_id = runtime.context.get("thread_id")
+        context = runtime.context or {}
+        thread_id = context.get("thread_id")
         if thread_id is None:
-            raise ValueError("Thread ID is required in the context")
+            config = get_config()
+            thread_id = config.get("configurable", {}).get("thread_id")
+
+        if thread_id is None:
+            raise ValueError("Thread ID is required in runtime context or config.configurable")
 
         if self._lazy_init:
             # Lazy initialization: only compute paths, don't create directories
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_thread_data_middleware.py b/backend/tests/test_thread_data_middleware.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe060ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/test_thread_data_middleware.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import pytest
+from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
+
+from deerflow.agents.middlewares.thread_data_middleware import ThreadDataMiddleware
+
+
+class TestThreadDataMiddleware:
+    def test_before_agent_returns_paths_when_thread_id_present_in_context(self, tmp_path):
+        middleware = ThreadDataMiddleware(base_dir=str(tmp_path), lazy_init=True)
+
+        result = middleware.before_agent(state={}, runtime=Runtime(context={"thread_id": "thread-123"}))
+
+        assert result is not None
+        assert result["thread_data"]["workspace_path"].endswith("threads/thread-123/user-data/workspace")
+        assert result["thread_data"]["uploads_path"].endswith("threads/thread-123/user-data/uploads")
+        assert result["thread_data"]["outputs_path"].endswith("threads/thread-123/user-data/outputs")
+
+    def test_before_agent_uses_thread_id_from_configurable_when_context_is_none(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        middleware = ThreadDataMiddleware(base_dir=str(tmp_path), lazy_init=True)
+        runtime = Runtime(context=None)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "deerflow.agents.middlewares.thread_data_middleware.get_config",
+            lambda: {"configurable": {"thread_id": "thread-from-config"}},
+        )
+
+        result = middleware.before_agent(state={}, runtime=runtime)
+
+        assert result is not None
+        assert result["thread_data"]["workspace_path"].endswith("threads/thread-from-config/user-data/workspace")
+        assert runtime.context is None
+
+    def test_before_agent_uses_thread_id_from_configurable_when_context_missing_thread_id(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        middleware = ThreadDataMiddleware(base_dir=str(tmp_path), lazy_init=True)
+        runtime = Runtime(context={})
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "deerflow.agents.middlewares.thread_data_middleware.get_config",
+            lambda: {"configurable": {"thread_id": "thread-from-config"}},
+        )
+
+        result = middleware.before_agent(state={}, runtime=runtime)
+
+        assert result is not None
+        assert result["thread_data"]["uploads_path"].endswith("threads/thread-from-config/user-data/uploads")
+        assert runtime.context == {}
+
+    def test_before_agent_raises_clear_error_when_thread_id_missing_everywhere(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        middleware = ThreadDataMiddleware(base_dir=str(tmp_path), lazy_init=True)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "deerflow.agents.middlewares.thread_data_middleware.get_config",
+            lambda: {"configurable": {}},
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Thread ID is required in runtime context or config.configurable"):
+            middleware.before_agent(state={}, runtime=Runtime(context=None))