diff --git a/backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go b/backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go
index f767bbea..14b7db28 100644
--- a/backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go
+++ b/backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	balanceNotifyService := service.ProvideBalanceNotifyService(emailService, settingRepository, accountRepository)
 	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, groupRepository, usageLogRepository, usageBillingRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, httpUpstream, deferredService, claudeTokenProvider, sessionLimitCache, rpmCache, digestSessionStore, settingService, tlsFingerprintProfileService, channelService, modelPricingResolver, balanceNotifyService)
 	openAITokenProvider := service.ProvideOpenAITokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, openAIOAuthService, oAuthRefreshAPI)
-	openAIGatewayService := service.NewOpenAIGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, usageBillingRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, httpUpstream, deferredService, openAITokenProvider, modelPricingResolver, channelService, balanceNotifyService)
+	openAIGatewayService := service.NewOpenAIGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, usageBillingRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, httpUpstream, deferredService, openAITokenProvider, modelPricingResolver, channelService, balanceNotifyService, settingService)
 	geminiMessagesCompatService := service.NewGeminiMessagesCompatService(accountRepository, groupRepository, gatewayCache, schedulerSnapshotService, geminiTokenProvider, rateLimitService, httpUpstream, antigravityGatewayService, configConfig)
 	opsSystemLogSink := service.ProvideOpsSystemLogSink(opsRepository)
 	opsService := service.NewOpsService(opsRepository, settingRepository, configConfig, accountRepository, userRepository, concurrencyService, gatewayService, openAIGatewayService, geminiMessagesCompatService, antigravityGatewayService, opsSystemLogSink)
diff --git a/backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_helpers_test.go b/backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_helpers_test.go
index 3833d32e..6df49154 100644
--- a/backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_helpers_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_helpers_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/handler/dto"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -222,3 +223,66 @@ func TestOpsWSHelpers(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, isAddrInTrustedProxies(addr, prefixes))
 	require.False(t, isAddrInTrustedProxies(netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.0.1"), prefixes))
 }
+
+// TestOpenAIFastPolicySettingsFromDTO_NormalizesServiceTier 验证 admin
+// 写入路径会把 ServiceTier 的空字符串/空白/大小写归一化为
+// service.OpenAIFastTierAny ("all")，避免落盘时 "" 与 "all" 双语义。
+func TestOpenAIFastPolicySettingsFromDTO_NormalizesServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil input returns nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.Nil(t, openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO(nil))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty service_tier becomes 'all'", func(t *testing.T) {
+		in := &dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+			Rules: []dto.OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+				ServiceTier: "",
+				Action:      "filter",
+				Scope:       "all",
+			}},
+		}
+		out := openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO(in)
+		require.NotNil(t, out)
+		require.Len(t, out.Rules, 1)
+		require.Equal(t, service.OpenAIFastTierAny, out.Rules[0].ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, "all", out.Rules[0].ServiceTier)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("whitespace-only service_tier becomes 'all'", func(t *testing.T) {
+		in := &dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+			Rules: []dto.OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+				ServiceTier: "   ",
+				Action:      "pass",
+				Scope:       "all",
+			}},
+		}
+		out := openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO(in)
+		require.Equal(t, service.OpenAIFastTierAny, out.Rules[0].ServiceTier)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uppercase service_tier is lowercased", func(t *testing.T) {
+		in := &dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+			Rules: []dto.OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+				ServiceTier: "PRIORITY",
+				Action:      "filter",
+				Scope:       "all",
+			}},
+		}
+		out := openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO(in)
+		require.Equal(t, service.OpenAIFastTierPriority, out.Rules[0].ServiceTier)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-empty values pass through (lowercased)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		in := &dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+			Rules: []dto.OpenAIFastPolicyRule{
+				{ServiceTier: "priority", Action: "filter", Scope: "all"},
+				{ServiceTier: "flex", Action: "block", Scope: "oauth"},
+				{ServiceTier: "all", Action: "pass", Scope: "apikey"},
+			},
+		}
+		out := openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO(in)
+		require.Len(t, out.Rules, 3)
+		require.Equal(t, service.OpenAIFastTierPriority, out.Rules[0].ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, service.OpenAIFastTierFlex, out.Rules[1].ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, service.OpenAIFastTierAny, out.Rules[2].ServiceTier)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler.go b/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler.go
index 320dbd6b..d6580191 100644
--- a/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler.go
@@ -248,9 +248,51 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) GetSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		AffiliateEnabled: settings.AffiliateEnabled,
 	}
+
+	// OpenAI fast policy (stored under a dedicated setting key)
+	if fastPolicy, err := h.settingService.GetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("openai_fast_policy_settings_get_failed", "error", err)
+	} else if fastPolicy != nil {
+		payload.OpenAIFastPolicySettings = openaiFastPolicySettingsToDTO(fastPolicy)
+	}
+
 	response.Success(c, systemSettingsResponseData(payload, authSourceDefaults))
 }
 
+// openaiFastPolicySettingsToDTO converts service -> dto for OpenAI fast policy.
+func openaiFastPolicySettingsToDTO(s *service.OpenAIFastPolicySettings) *dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rules := make([]dto.OpenAIFastPolicyRule, len(s.Rules))
+	for i, r := range s.Rules {
+		rules[i] = dto.OpenAIFastPolicyRule(r)
+	}
+	return &dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings{Rules: rules}
+}
+
+// openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO converts dto -> service for OpenAI fast policy.
+//
+// 规范化 ServiceTier：在 DTO 进入 service 层之前统一把空字符串归一为
+// service.OpenAIFastTierAny ("all")，避免管理员保存时空串与 "all" 同时
+// 表达"匹配任意 tier"造成数据库取值的二义性。其它非空值原样透传，由
+// service.SetOpenAIFastPolicySettings 负责合法值校验。
+func openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO(s *dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings) *service.OpenAIFastPolicySettings {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rules := make([]service.OpenAIFastPolicyRule, len(s.Rules))
+	for i, r := range s.Rules {
+		rules[i] = service.OpenAIFastPolicyRule(r)
+		tier := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rules[i].ServiceTier))
+		if tier == "" {
+			tier = service.OpenAIFastTierAny
+		}
+		rules[i].ServiceTier = tier
+	}
+	return &service.OpenAIFastPolicySettings{Rules: rules}
+}
+
 // UpdateSettingsRequest 更新设置请求
 type UpdateSettingsRequest struct {
 	// 注册设置
@@ -452,6 +494,9 @@ type UpdateSettingsRequest struct {
 
 	// Affiliate (邀请返利) feature switch
 	AffiliateEnabled *bool `json:"affiliate_enabled"`
+
+	// OpenAI fast/flex policy (optional, only updated when provided)
+	OpenAIFastPolicySettings *dto.OpenAIFastPolicySettings `json:"openai_fast_policy_settings,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // UpdateSettings 更新系统设置
@@ -1350,6 +1395,14 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) UpdateSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Update OpenAI fast policy (stored under dedicated key, only when provided).
+	if req.OpenAIFastPolicySettings != nil {
+		if err := h.settingService.SetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(c.Request.Context(), openaiFastPolicySettingsFromDTO(req.OpenAIFastPolicySettings)); err != nil {
+			response.BadRequest(c, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Update payment configuration (integrated into system settings).
 	// Skip if no payment fields were provided (prevents accidental wipe).
 	if h.paymentConfigService != nil && hasPaymentFields(req) {
@@ -1555,6 +1608,11 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) UpdateSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		AffiliateEnabled: updatedSettings.AffiliateEnabled,
 	}
+	if fastPolicy, err := h.settingService.GetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("openai_fast_policy_settings_get_failed", "error", err)
+	} else if fastPolicy != nil {
+		payload.OpenAIFastPolicySettings = openaiFastPolicySettingsToDTO(fastPolicy)
+	}
 	response.Success(c, systemSettingsResponseData(payload, updatedAuthSourceDefaults))
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler_auth_source_defaults_test.go b/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler_auth_source_defaults_test.go
index 9a33a93a..085fd2ca 100644
--- a/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler_auth_source_defaults_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler_auth_source_defaults_test.go
@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ func (s *settingHandlerRepoStub) Get(ctx context.Context, key string) (*service.
 }
 
 func (s *settingHandlerRepoStub) GetValue(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
-	panic("unexpected GetValue call")
+	if s.values != nil {
+		if value, ok := s.values[key]; ok {
+			return value, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", nil
 }
 
 func (s *settingHandlerRepoStub) Set(ctx context.Context, key, value string) error {
diff --git a/backend/internal/handler/dto/settings.go b/backend/internal/handler/dto/settings.go
index 92ae4dc6..b865d703 100644
--- a/backend/internal/handler/dto/settings.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/dto/settings.go
@@ -198,6 +198,9 @@ type SystemSettings struct {
 
 	// Affiliate (邀请返利) feature switch
 	AffiliateEnabled bool `json:"affiliate_enabled"`
+
+	// OpenAI fast/flex policy
+	OpenAIFastPolicySettings *OpenAIFastPolicySettings `json:"openai_fast_policy_settings,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type DefaultSubscriptionSetting struct {
@@ -294,6 +297,22 @@ type BetaPolicySettings struct {
 	Rules []BetaPolicyRule `json:"rules"`
 }
 
+// OpenAIFastPolicyRule OpenAI fast/flex 策略规则 DTO
+type OpenAIFastPolicyRule struct {
+	ServiceTier          string   `json:"service_tier"`
+	Action               string   `json:"action"`
+	Scope                string   `json:"scope"`
+	ErrorMessage         string   `json:"error_message,omitempty"`
+	ModelWhitelist       []string `json:"model_whitelist,omitempty"`
+	FallbackAction       string   `json:"fallback_action,omitempty"`
+	FallbackErrorMessage string   `json:"fallback_error_message,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// OpenAIFastPolicySettings OpenAI fast 策略配置 DTO
+type OpenAIFastPolicySettings struct {
+	Rules []OpenAIFastPolicyRule `json:"rules"`
+}
+
 // ParseCustomMenuItems parses a JSON string into a slice of CustomMenuItem.
 // Returns empty slice on empty/invalid input.
 func ParseCustomMenuItems(raw string) []CustomMenuItem {
diff --git a/backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go b/backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go
index ca6fd0cc..f24a1677 100644
--- a/backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go
@@ -748,6 +748,16 @@ func TestAPIContracts(t *testing.T) {
 					"payment_visible_method_alipay_enabled": true,
 					"payment_visible_method_wxpay_enabled": false,
 					"openai_advanced_scheduler_enabled": true,
+					"openai_fast_policy_settings": {
+						"rules": [
+							{
+								"service_tier": "priority",
+								"action": "filter",
+								"scope": "all",
+								"fallback_action": "pass"
+							}
+						]
+					},
 					"custom_menu_items": [],
 					"custom_endpoints": [],
 					"payment_enabled": false,
@@ -930,6 +940,16 @@ func TestAPIContracts(t *testing.T) {
 					"payment_visible_method_alipay_enabled": false,
 					"payment_visible_method_wxpay_enabled": false,
 					"openai_advanced_scheduler_enabled": false,
+					"openai_fast_policy_settings": {
+						"rules": [
+							{
+								"service_tier": "priority",
+								"action": "filter",
+								"scope": "all",
+								"fallback_action": "pass"
+							}
+						]
+					},
 					"payment_enabled": false,
 					"payment_min_amount": 0,
 					"payment_max_amount": 0,
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go b/backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go
index 0ef4a486..e1b175c3 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go
@@ -306,6 +306,12 @@ const (
 	// SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings stores JSON config for beta policy rules.
 	SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings = "beta_policy_settings"
 
+	// SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings stores JSON config for OpenAI
+	// service_tier (fast/flex) policy rules. Mirrors BetaPolicySettings but
+	// targets OpenAI's body-level service_tier field instead of Claude's
+	// anthropic-beta header.
+	SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings = "openai_fast_policy_settings"
+
 	// =========================
 	// Claude Code Version Check
 	// =========================
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_fast_policy_test.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_fast_policy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b52da614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_fast_policy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type openAIFastPolicyRepoStub struct {
+	values map[string]string
+}
+
+func (s *openAIFastPolicyRepoStub) Get(ctx context.Context, key string) (*Setting, error) {
+	panic("unexpected Get call")
+}
+
+func (s *openAIFastPolicyRepoStub) GetValue(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
+	if v, ok := s.values[key]; ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+	return "", ErrSettingNotFound
+}
+
+func (s *openAIFastPolicyRepoStub) Set(ctx context.Context, key, value string) error {
+	if s.values == nil {
+		s.values = map[string]string{}
+	}
+	s.values[key] = value
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *openAIFastPolicyRepoStub) GetMultiple(ctx context.Context, keys []string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetMultiple call")
+}
+
+func (s *openAIFastPolicyRepoStub) SetMultiple(ctx context.Context, settings map[string]string) error {
+	panic("unexpected SetMultiple call")
+}
+
+func (s *openAIFastPolicyRepoStub) GetAll(ctx context.Context) (map[string]string, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetAll call")
+}
+
+func (s *openAIFastPolicyRepoStub) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
+	panic("unexpected Delete call")
+}
+
+func newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t *testing.T, settings *OpenAIFastPolicySettings) *OpenAIGatewayService {
+	t.Helper()
+	repo := &openAIFastPolicyRepoStub{values: map[string]string{}}
+	if settings != nil {
+		raw, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		repo.values[SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings] = string(raw)
+	}
+	return &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		settingService: NewSettingService(repo, &config.Config{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvaluateOpenAIFastPolicy_DefaultFiltersAllModelsPriority(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// 默认策略对所有模型生效（whitelist 为空），因为 codex 的 service_tier=fast
+	// 是用户级开关，与 model 正交。
+	// gpt-5.5 + priority → filter
+	action, _ := svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", OpenAIFastTierPriority)
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionFilter, action)
+
+	// gpt-5.5-turbo → filter
+	action, _ = svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5-turbo", OpenAIFastTierPriority)
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionFilter, action)
+
+	// gpt-4 + priority → filter（默认策略覆盖所有模型）
+	action, _ = svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), account, "gpt-4", OpenAIFastTierPriority)
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionFilter, action)
+
+	// gpt-5.5 + flex → pass (tier doesn't match)
+	action, _ = svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", OpenAIFastTierFlex)
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionPass, action)
+
+	// empty tier → pass
+	action, _ = svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", "")
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionPass, action)
+}
+
+func TestEvaluateOpenAIFastPolicy_BlockRuleCarriesMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ErrorMessage:   "fast mode is not allowed",
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	action, msg := svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", OpenAIFastTierPriority)
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionBlock, action)
+	require.Equal(t, "fast mode is not allowed", msg)
+}
+
+func TestEvaluateOpenAIFastPolicy_ScopeFiltersOAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier: OpenAIFastTierAny,
+			Action:      BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+			Scope:       BetaPolicyScopeOAuth,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+
+	// OAuth account → rule matches
+	oauthAccount := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth}
+	action, _ := svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), oauthAccount, "gpt-4", OpenAIFastTierPriority)
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionFilter, action)
+
+	// API Key account → rule skipped → pass
+	apiKeyAccount := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+	action, _ = svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), apiKeyAccount, "gpt-4", OpenAIFastTierPriority)
+	require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionPass, action)
+}
+
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_FilterRemovesField(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// gpt-5.5 fast → service_tier stripped
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority","messages":[]}`)
+	updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier"`)
+
+	// Client sending "fast" (alias for priority) also filtered
+	body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"fast"}`)
+	updated, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier"`)
+
+	// gpt-4 priority → 默认策略对所有模型 filter，service_tier 被移除
+	body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	updated, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-4", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier"`)
+
+	// No service_tier → no-op
+	body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5"}`)
+	updated, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, string(body), string(updated))
+}
+
+// TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_OfficialTiersBypassDefaultRule 验证扩展白名单后
+// 客户端显式发送的 OpenAI 官方合法 tier（auto/default/scale）能透传到上游而不被
+// 静默剥离。默认策略只针对 priority，所以这些 tier 落在 fall-through pass 分支。
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_OfficialTiersBypassDefaultRule(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	for _, tier := range []string{"auto", "default", "scale"} {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"` + tier + `"}`)
+		updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "tier %q should pass without error", tier)
+		require.Contains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier":"`+tier+`"`,
+			"tier %q should be preserved in body under default rule", tier)
+	}
+
+	// evaluate 层也应判定为 pass（默认规则 ServiceTier=priority 与 auto/default/scale 不匹配）
+	for _, tier := range []string{"auto", "default", "scale"} {
+		action, _ := svc.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", tier)
+		require.Equal(t, BetaPolicyActionPass, action, "tier %q should evaluate to pass", tier)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_AllRuleStripsOfficialTiers 验证管理员显式配置
+// ServiceTier=all + Action=filter 规则后，auto/default/scale 等官方 tier 也会
+// 被剥离。这是符合预期的——首条匹配 short-circuit，"all" 覆盖任意已识别 tier。
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_AllRuleStripsOfficialTiers(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier: OpenAIFastTierAny,
+			Action:      BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+			Scope:       BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	for _, tier := range []string{"auto", "default", "scale", "priority", "flex"} {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"` + tier + `"}`)
+		updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotContains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier"`,
+			"tier %q should be stripped under ServiceTier=all + filter rule", tier)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_UnknownTierStripped 验证真未知 tier 仍被剥离
+// （normalize 返回 nil → normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier 删除字段；
+// applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody 在 normTier 为空时直接 no-op，因为字段已不可能存在
+// 于经过前置归一化的请求里。这里直接调 apply 验证它对未识别值不会异常）。
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_UnknownTierStripped(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// normalize 阶段会将未知值剥离
+	require.Nil(t, normalizeOpenAIServiceTier("xxx"))
+
+	// applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody 收到未识别 tier 时不报错，body 透传不变
+	// （不属于本函数职责——上层 normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier 已剥离）
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"xxx"}`)
+	updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, string(body), string(updated))
+}
+
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_BlockReturnsTypedError(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ErrorMessage:   "fast mode is blocked for gpt-5.5",
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	var blocked *OpenAIFastBlockedError
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &blocked))
+	require.Contains(t, blocked.Message, "fast mode is blocked")
+	require.Equal(t, string(body), string(updated)) // body not mutated on block
+}
+
+func TestSetOpenAIFastPolicySettings_Validation(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &openAIFastPolicyRepoStub{values: map[string]string{}}
+	svc := NewSettingService(repo, &config.Config{})
+
+	// Invalid action rejected
+	err := svc.SetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(context.Background(), &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier: OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:      "bogus",
+			Scope:       BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+		}},
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	// Invalid service_tier rejected
+	err = svc.SetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(context.Background(), &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier: "turbo",
+			Action:      BetaPolicyActionPass,
+			Scope:       BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+		}},
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	// Valid settings persisted
+	err = svc.SetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(context.Background(), &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier: OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:      BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+			Scope:       BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+		}},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	got, err := svc.GetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, got.Rules, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, OpenAIFastTierPriority, got.Rules[0].ServiceTier)
+}
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_fast_policy_ws_test.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_fast_policy_ws_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3316a242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_fast_policy_ws_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1018 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/apicompat"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/claude"
+	coderws "github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+// --- Helper-level (unit) tests for applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate ---
+
+func TestWSResponseCreate_FilterStripsServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	frame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority","input":[{"type":"input_text","text":"hi"}]}`)
+	updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier"`, "filter action should strip service_tier")
+	// Other fields preserved.
+	require.Equal(t, "response.create", gjson.GetBytes(updated, "type").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-5.5", gjson.GetBytes(updated, "model").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "hi", gjson.GetBytes(updated, "input.0.text").String())
+}
+
+func TestWSResponseCreate_FastNormalizedToPriorityThenFiltered(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Verbatim "fast" → normalized to "priority" → matches default rule → filter.
+	frame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"fast"}`)
+	updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier"`)
+
+	// Mixed-case + whitespace variant should also normalize and filter.
+	frame = []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"  Fast  "}`)
+	updated, blocked, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(updated), `"service_tier"`)
+}
+
+func TestWSResponseCreate_FlexPassThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Default policy targets priority only; flex is left untouched.
+	frame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"flex"}`)
+	updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", gjson.GetBytes(updated, "service_tier").String(), "flex frames must reach upstream untouched under default policy")
+}
+
+func TestWSResponseCreate_BlockReturnsTypedError(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ErrorMessage:   "ws fast blocked",
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	frame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, blocked)
+	require.Equal(t, "ws fast blocked", blocked.Message)
+	// On block, payload returned unchanged so caller can inspect / log it.
+	require.Equal(t, string(frame), string(updated))
+}
+
+func TestWSResponseCreate_NoServiceTierUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	frame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","input":[]}`)
+	updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.Equal(t, string(frame), string(updated), "no service_tier present must result in zero mutation")
+}
+
+func TestWSResponseCreate_NonResponseCreateFrameUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"*"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// response.cancel happens to carry a service_tier-shaped field — must not be touched.
+	frame := []byte(`{"type":"response.cancel","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.Equal(t, string(frame), string(updated))
+}
+
+// TestWSResponseCreate_EmptyTypeFrameUntouched is the A1 regression: the
+// helper used to treat empty type as response.create, which risked stripping
+// fields from malformed / unknown client events. After the A1 fix only a
+// strict "response.create" match triggers policy.
+func TestWSResponseCreate_EmptyTypeFrameUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"*"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Frame with no "type" field: must pass through completely unchanged
+	// even with a service_tier-shaped field present.
+	frame := []byte(`{"service_tier":"priority","model":"gpt-5.5"}`)
+	updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.Equal(t, string(frame), string(updated), "empty type must NOT be policy-checked — Realtime spec requires type, malformed frames are passed through")
+
+	// Explicit empty string also passes through.
+	frame = []byte(`{"type":"","service_tier":"priority","model":"gpt-5.5"}`)
+	updated, blocked, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.Equal(t, string(frame), string(updated))
+}
+
+// TestBuildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent_HasEventIDAndCode is the B1
+// regression: the rendered Realtime error event must carry a non-empty
+// event_id (so clients can correlate the rejection) and a stable error.code
+// ("policy_violation"). The HTTP-side equivalent is the 403 permission_error
+// JSON body emitted by writeOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedResponse.
+func TestBuildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent_HasEventIDAndCode(t *testing.T) {
+	bytes := buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent(&OpenAIFastBlockedError{Message: "blocked because reasons"})
+	require.NotNil(t, bytes)
+
+	require.Equal(t, "error", gjson.GetBytes(bytes, "type").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid_request_error", gjson.GetBytes(bytes, "error.type").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "policy_violation", gjson.GetBytes(bytes, "error.code").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "blocked because reasons", gjson.GetBytes(bytes, "error.message").String())
+
+	eventID := gjson.GetBytes(bytes, "event_id").String()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, eventID, "event_id must be present so clients can correlate the rejection in their logs")
+	require.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(eventID, "evt_"), "event_id should follow the evt_<rand> Realtime convention; got %q", eventID)
+
+	// Sanity check: two consecutive events get distinct IDs.
+	other := buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent(&OpenAIFastBlockedError{Message: "second"})
+	otherID := gjson.GetBytes(other, "event_id").String()
+	require.NotEqual(t, eventID, otherID, "event_id must be random per-event")
+}
+
+// TestBuildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent_NilSafe ensures the helper returns
+// nil for a nil error (defensive guard for callers that always invoke it).
+func TestBuildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent_NilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Nil(t, buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent(nil))
+}
+
+// --- D5: passthrough wrapper FrameConn — capturedSessionModel fallback ---
+
+// fakePassthroughFrameConn replays a fixed sequence of client frames into the
+// policy-enforcing wrapper, then returns io.EOF. Captures all Write attempts
+// for write-side assertions (none expected in the D5 test, since the wrapper
+// only filters reads).
+type fakePassthroughFrameConn struct {
+	reads     [][]byte
+	idx       int
+	writes    [][]byte
+	closeOnce bool
+}
+
+func (f *fakePassthroughFrameConn) ReadFrame(ctx context.Context) (coderws.MessageType, []byte, error) {
+	if f.idx >= len(f.reads) {
+		return coderws.MessageText, nil, errOpenAIWSConnClosed
+	}
+	payload := f.reads[f.idx]
+	f.idx++
+	return coderws.MessageText, payload, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakePassthroughFrameConn) WriteFrame(ctx context.Context, msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) error {
+	cp := append([]byte(nil), payload...)
+	f.writes = append(f.writes, cp)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakePassthroughFrameConn) Close() error {
+	f.closeOnce = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+// gpt55WhitelistFastPolicy 返回一份强制带 model whitelist 的策略，用于
+// 验证 capturedSessionModel fallback 的语义（默认策略 whitelist 为空时
+// fallback 路径无法被观察到）。
+func gpt55WhitelistFastPolicy() *OpenAIFastPolicySettings {
+	return &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5", "gpt-5.5*"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPolicyEnforcingFrameConn_FollowupFrameWithoutModelUsesCapturedModel is
+// the D5 regression: in passthrough mode a follow-up response.create frame
+// without a "model" field must still hit the policy via the session-level
+// model captured from the first frame. Without the fallback an empty model
+// would miss a model whitelist and silently leak service_tier=priority
+// through to the upstream.
+func TestPolicyEnforcingFrameConn_FollowupFrameWithoutModelUsesCapturedModel(t *testing.T) {
+	// 此处特意使用带 whitelist 的策略，以便观察 capturedSessionModel
+	// fallback 是否生效（默认策略 whitelist 为空，fallback 与否结果一致，
+	// 不能用来覆盖此回归）。
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, gpt55WhitelistFastPolicy())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Simulate the passthrough adapter capturing model from the first frame.
+	firstFrame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	capturedSessionModel := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, firstFrame)
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-5.5", capturedSessionModel)
+
+	// Follow-up frame deliberately omits "model" — Realtime allows this.
+	followupFrame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+
+	inner := &fakePassthroughFrameConn{
+		reads: [][]byte{followupFrame},
+	}
+	wrapper := &openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn{
+		inner: inner,
+		filter: func(msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error) {
+			if msgType != coderws.MessageText {
+				return payload, nil, nil
+			}
+			model := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, payload)
+			if model == "" {
+				model = capturedSessionModel
+			}
+			return svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, model, payload)
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Read the follow-up frame through the wrapper. The policy MUST still
+	// trigger filter (gpt-5.5 + priority → filter), so the service_tier
+	// field is gone by the time the relay sees it.
+	_, payload, err := wrapper.ReadFrame(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(payload), `"service_tier"`,
+		"D5 regression: empty model on follow-up frame must fall back to capturedSessionModel; whitelist policy filters service_tier=priority for gpt-5.5")
+	require.Equal(t, "response.create", gjson.GetBytes(payload, "type").String())
+}
+
+// TestPolicyEnforcingFrameConn_WithoutCapturedFallbackPolicyMisses pins the
+// inverse: when the wrapper has NO capturedSessionModel fallback (model is
+// empty per-frame and no fallback is wired up), the policy fails to match
+// the model whitelist and the frame leaks through unchanged. This documents
+// exactly the leak the D5 fix prevents.
+func TestPolicyEnforcingFrameConn_WithoutCapturedFallbackPolicyMisses(t *testing.T) {
+	// 同样使用带 whitelist 的策略以观察 leak。
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, gpt55WhitelistFastPolicy())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	followupFrame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	inner := &fakePassthroughFrameConn{reads: [][]byte{followupFrame}}
+	wrapper := &openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn{
+		inner: inner,
+		filter: func(msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error) {
+			// NO fallback — emulate the pre-fix behavior.
+			model := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, payload)
+			return svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, model, payload)
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, payload, err := wrapper.ReadFrame(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Pre-fix: empty model misses ["gpt-5.5","gpt-5.5*"] whitelist → fallback=pass → service_tier kept.
+	require.Contains(t, string(payload), `"service_tier"`,
+		"sanity: without capturedSessionModel fallback the leak (D5) reproduces — confirms the fix is load-bearing")
+}
+
+// --- Ingress end-to-end test (filter path) ---
+
+// TestWSResponseCreate_IngressFiltersServiceTierBeforeUpstream wires up the
+// real ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient ingress session pipeline against a
+// captureConn upstream and asserts that a client frame with service_tier=fast
+// is normalized + filtered out before being written upstream. This is the
+// integration flavour of TestWSResponseCreate_FilterStripsServiceTier.
+func TestWSResponseCreate_IngressFiltersServiceTierBeforeUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.Enabled = false
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.AllowInsecureHTTP = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.Enabled = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.OAuthEnabled = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.APIKeyEnabled = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.ResponsesWebsocketsV2 = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MaxConnsPerAccount = 1
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MinIdlePerAccount = 0
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MaxIdlePerAccount = 1
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.QueueLimitPerConn = 8
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.DialTimeoutSeconds = 3
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.ReadTimeoutSeconds = 3
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.WriteTimeoutSeconds = 3
+
+	captureConn := &openAIWSCaptureConn{
+		events: [][]byte{
+			[]byte(`{"type":"response.completed","response":{"id":"resp_ws_filter_1","model":"gpt-5.5","usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1}}}`),
+		},
+	}
+	captureDialer := &openAIWSCaptureDialer{conn: captureConn}
+	pool := newOpenAIWSConnPool(cfg)
+	pool.setClientDialerForTest(captureDialer)
+
+	repo := &openAIFastPolicyRepoStub{values: map[string]string{}}
+	defaultJSON, err := json.Marshal(DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	repo.values[SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings] = string(defaultJSON)
+
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		cfg:              cfg,
+		httpUpstream:     &httpUpstreamRecorder{},
+		cache:            &stubGatewayCache{},
+		openaiWSResolver: NewOpenAIWSProtocolResolver(cfg),
+		toolCorrector:    NewCodexToolCorrector(),
+		openaiWSPool:     pool,
+		settingService:   NewSettingService(repo, cfg),
+	}
+
+	account := &Account{
+		ID:          901,
+		Name:        "openai-ws-filter",
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Status:      StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{"api_key": "sk-test"},
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"responses_websockets_v2_enabled": true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	serverErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	wsServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		conn, err := coderws.Accept(w, r, &coderws.AcceptOptions{
+			CompressionMode: coderws.CompressionContextTakeover,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			serverErrCh <- err
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.CloseNow() }()
+
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		ginCtx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+		req := r.Clone(r.Context())
+		req.Header = req.Header.Clone()
+		req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "unit-test-agent/1.0")
+		ginCtx.Request = req
+
+		readCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 3*time.Second)
+		_, firstMessage, readErr := conn.Read(readCtx)
+		cancel()
+		if readErr != nil {
+			serverErrCh <- readErr
+			return
+		}
+		serverErrCh <- svc.ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(r.Context(), ginCtx, conn, account, "sk-test", firstMessage, nil)
+	}))
+	defer wsServer.Close()
+
+	dialCtx, cancelDial := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	clientConn, _, err := coderws.Dial(dialCtx, "ws"+strings.TrimPrefix(wsServer.URL, "http"), nil)
+	cancelDial()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = clientConn.CloseNow() }()
+
+	writeCtx, cancelWrite := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","stream":false,"service_tier":"fast"}`)))
+	cancelWrite()
+
+	readCtx, cancelRead := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	_, event, readErr := clientConn.Read(readCtx)
+	cancelRead()
+	require.NoError(t, readErr)
+	require.Equal(t, "response.completed", gjson.GetBytes(event, "type").String())
+
+	require.NoError(t, clientConn.Close(coderws.StatusNormalClosure, "done"))
+
+	select {
+	case serverErr := <-serverErrCh:
+		require.NoError(t, serverErr)
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待 ingress websocket 结束超时")
+	}
+
+	require.Len(t, captureConn.writes, 1, "上游应只收到一条 response.create")
+	upstream := captureConn.writes[0]
+	_, hasServiceTier := upstream["service_tier"]
+	require.False(t, hasServiceTier, "上游收到的 response.create 不应包含 service_tier 字段（已被 fast policy filter 删除）")
+	require.Equal(t, "response.create", upstream["type"])
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-5.5", upstream["model"])
+}
+
+// TestWSResponseCreate_IngressBlockSendsErrorEventAndSkipsUpstream is the
+// integration flavour of TestWSResponseCreate_BlockReturnsTypedError. It
+// asserts that with a custom block rule, the client receives a Realtime-style
+// error event AND the upstream FrameConn never receives the offending frame.
+func TestWSResponseCreate_IngressBlockSendsErrorEventAndSkipsUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.Enabled = false
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.AllowInsecureHTTP = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.Enabled = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.OAuthEnabled = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.APIKeyEnabled = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.ResponsesWebsocketsV2 = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MaxConnsPerAccount = 1
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MinIdlePerAccount = 0
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MaxIdlePerAccount = 1
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.QueueLimitPerConn = 8
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.DialTimeoutSeconds = 3
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.ReadTimeoutSeconds = 3
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.WriteTimeoutSeconds = 3
+
+	captureConn := &openAIWSCaptureConn{
+		// No events queued; the upstream should never get written to anyway.
+	}
+	captureDialer := &openAIWSCaptureDialer{conn: captureConn}
+	pool := newOpenAIWSConnPool(cfg)
+	pool.setClientDialerForTest(captureDialer)
+
+	blockSettings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ErrorMessage:   "ws priority blocked for testing",
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+	repo := &openAIFastPolicyRepoStub{values: map[string]string{}}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(blockSettings)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	repo.values[SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings] = string(raw)
+
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		cfg:              cfg,
+		httpUpstream:     &httpUpstreamRecorder{},
+		cache:            &stubGatewayCache{},
+		openaiWSResolver: NewOpenAIWSProtocolResolver(cfg),
+		toolCorrector:    NewCodexToolCorrector(),
+		openaiWSPool:     pool,
+		settingService:   NewSettingService(repo, cfg),
+	}
+
+	account := &Account{
+		ID:          902,
+		Name:        "openai-ws-block",
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Status:      StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{"api_key": "sk-test"},
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"responses_websockets_v2_enabled": true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	serverErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	wsServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		conn, err := coderws.Accept(w, r, &coderws.AcceptOptions{
+			CompressionMode: coderws.CompressionContextTakeover,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			serverErrCh <- err
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.CloseNow() }()
+
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		ginCtx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+		req := r.Clone(r.Context())
+		req.Header = req.Header.Clone()
+		req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "unit-test-agent/1.0")
+		ginCtx.Request = req
+
+		readCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 3*time.Second)
+		_, firstMessage, readErr := conn.Read(readCtx)
+		cancel()
+		if readErr != nil {
+			serverErrCh <- readErr
+			return
+		}
+		proxyErr := svc.ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(r.Context(), ginCtx, conn, account, "sk-test", firstMessage, nil)
+		// Mirror the production handler (openai_gateway_handler.go:1325-1328):
+		// when the proxy returns an OpenAIWSClientCloseError, surface its
+		// status code to the client via a graceful close handshake. Without
+		// this the deferred CloseNow() above would tear down the TCP
+		// connection without sending a close frame, and the C3 timing
+		// assertion (next read returns CloseStatus=1008) would see EOF
+		// instead.
+		var closeErr *OpenAIWSClientCloseError
+		if errors.As(proxyErr, &closeErr) {
+			_ = conn.Close(closeErr.StatusCode(), closeErr.Reason())
+		}
+		serverErrCh <- proxyErr
+	}))
+	defer wsServer.Close()
+
+	dialCtx, cancelDial := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	clientConn, _, err := coderws.Dial(dialCtx, "ws"+strings.TrimPrefix(wsServer.URL, "http"), nil)
+	cancelDial()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = clientConn.CloseNow() }()
+
+	writeCtx, cancelWrite := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","stream":false,"service_tier":"priority"}`)))
+	cancelWrite()
+
+	// C3 timing assertion: the FIRST frame the client reads must be the
+	// error event — not a close frame. coder/websocket@v1.8.14 Conn.Write is
+	// synchronous (writeFrame Flushes the bufio writer at write.go:307-311
+	// before returning) and the close handshake re-acquires the same
+	// writeFrameMu, so this ordering is enforced by the library itself; this
+	// assertion guards against future refactors that might break it.
+	readCtx, cancelRead := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	_, event, readErr := clientConn.Read(readCtx)
+	cancelRead()
+	require.NoError(t, readErr, "first read must succeed and return the error event before any close frame")
+	require.Equal(t, "error", gjson.GetBytes(event, "type").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid_request_error", gjson.GetBytes(event, "error.type").String())
+	// B1 regression: event_id + error.code must be populated.
+	require.Equal(t, "policy_violation", gjson.GetBytes(event, "error.code").String())
+	require.NotEmpty(t, gjson.GetBytes(event, "event_id").String(), "event_id must be present so clients can correlate")
+	require.Contains(t, gjson.GetBytes(event, "error.message").String(), "ws priority blocked for testing")
+
+	// Next read must surface the close frame (as a CloseError). This
+	// asserts the [error event, close] ordering — i.e. the close did NOT
+	// race ahead of the data frame.
+	readCtx2, cancelRead2 := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	_, _, secondReadErr := clientConn.Read(readCtx2)
+	cancelRead2()
+	require.Error(t, secondReadErr, "after the error event the connection must surface a close")
+	require.Equal(t, coderws.StatusPolicyViolation, coderws.CloseStatus(secondReadErr),
+		"close status must be PolicyViolation; got %v", secondReadErr)
+
+	select {
+	case serverErr := <-serverErrCh:
+		// Server returns an OpenAIWSClientCloseError — handler closes the WS;
+		// here we just assert it surfaced as the typed close error.
+		require.Error(t, serverErr)
+		var closeErr *OpenAIWSClientCloseError
+		require.True(t, errors.As(serverErr, &closeErr), "block 应返回 OpenAIWSClientCloseError，得到 %T: %v", serverErr, serverErr)
+		require.Equal(t, coderws.StatusPolicyViolation, closeErr.StatusCode())
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待 ingress 关闭超时")
+	}
+
+	// Critical: the offending frame must NEVER reach the upstream.
+	// captureDialer.DialCount may legitimately be 0 or 1 depending on whether
+	// the lease was acquired before policy fired; either way, no writes.
+	require.Empty(t, captureConn.writes, "block 命中后上游不应收到 response.create")
+}
+
+// --- HTTP-side gap-filling tests (already covered by existing tests but
+// requested to be split out explicitly) ---
+
+// TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_BlockShortCircuitsUpstream confirms that
+// applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody surfaces a *OpenAIFastBlockedError when the rule
+// action is "block", and that the body is left untouched. The caller (chat
+// completions / messages handlers) inspects this typed error and skips the
+// upstream HTTP call entirely — see openai_gateway_chat_completions.go:175 and
+// openai_gateway_messages.go:149.
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_BlockShortCircuitsUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ErrorMessage:   "priority blocked",
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority","input":[]}`)
+	updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	var blocked *OpenAIFastBlockedError
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &blocked), "block must surface as typed error so caller can skip upstream HTTP request")
+	require.Equal(t, "priority blocked", blocked.Message)
+	require.Equal(t, string(body), string(updated), "block must not mutate body")
+}
+
+// TestForwardAsAnthropicMessages_BetaFastModeTriggersOpenAIFastPolicy verifies
+// the Anthropic-compat entrypoint chain: anthropic-beta: fast-mode → BetaFastMode
+// detection → ServiceTier="priority" injection (openai_gateway_messages.go:60)
+// → applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody filter on default policy → upstream body has
+// no service_tier. We exercise the same internal pipeline (Anthropic→Responses
+// + BetaFastMode + policy) without spinning up a real upstream HTTP server.
+func TestForwardAsAnthropicMessages_BetaFastModeTriggersOpenAIFastPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Step 1: parse Anthropic request (mirrors openai_gateway_messages.go:38-50).
+	anthropicBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","max_tokens":64,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+	var anthropicReq apicompat.AnthropicRequest
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(anthropicBody, &anthropicReq))
+	responsesReq, err := apicompat.AnthropicToResponses(&anthropicReq)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 2: BetaFastMode header → service_tier="priority" (mirrors line 58-61).
+	headers := http.Header{}
+	headers.Set("anthropic-beta", claude.BetaFastMode)
+	require.True(t, containsBetaToken(headers.Get("anthropic-beta"), claude.BetaFastMode))
+	responsesReq.ServiceTier = "priority"
+	responsesReq.Model = "gpt-5.5"
+
+	// Step 3: marshal & apply fast policy (mirrors line 78 + 149).
+	responsesBody, err := json.Marshal(responsesReq)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "priority", gjson.GetBytes(responsesBody, "service_tier").String(), "前置：beta 翻译应当注入 priority")
+
+	upstreamBody, policyErr := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", responsesBody)
+	require.NoError(t, policyErr)
+
+	// Step 4: assert that policy filtered the field before the upstream HTTP request.
+	require.NotContains(t, string(upstreamBody), `"service_tier"`, "default policy 命中 gpt-5.5 priority 应当 filter 掉 service_tier")
+}
+
+// --- Fix1: passthrough capturedSessionModel must follow session.update ---
+
+// TestPolicyEnforcingFrameConn_SessionUpdateRotatesCapturedModel covers the
+// fix1 bypass: client opens with a whitelist-miss model (gpt-4o → pass under
+// gpt-5.5 whitelist), rotates to gpt-5.5 via session.update, then sends
+// response.create without "model". Without the session.update sniffing the
+// follow-up frame would fall back to the stale gpt-4o capture and pass — the
+// fix updates capturedSessionModel from session.* events so the fallback now
+// resolves to gpt-5.5 and the policy filters service_tier.
+func TestPolicyEnforcingFrameConn_SessionUpdateRotatesCapturedModel(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, gpt55WhitelistFastPolicy())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Frame 1: response.create with whitelist-miss model — under default
+	// rule fallback=pass, service_tier stays.
+	first := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-4o","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	// Frame 2: session.update rotates the session model to gpt-5.5.
+	rotate := []byte(`{"type":"session.update","session":{"model":"gpt-5.5"}}`)
+	// Frame 3: response.create WITHOUT model — must inherit gpt-5.5.
+	followup := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+
+	inner := &fakePassthroughFrameConn{reads: [][]byte{first, rotate, followup}}
+
+	// Replicate the production wiring in openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go
+	// so capturedSessionModel state is shared across frames.
+	capturedSessionModel := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, first)
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-4o", capturedSessionModel)
+	wrapper := &openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn{
+		inner: inner,
+		filter: func(msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error) {
+			if msgType != coderws.MessageText {
+				return payload, nil, nil
+			}
+			if updated := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame(account, payload); updated != "" {
+				capturedSessionModel = updated
+			}
+			model := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, payload)
+			if model == "" {
+				model = capturedSessionModel
+			}
+			return svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, model, payload)
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Frame 1: gpt-4o miss whitelist → pass (service_tier preserved).
+	_, payload1, err := wrapper.ReadFrame(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, string(payload1), `"service_tier"`, "frame1: gpt-4o miss whitelist → pass keeps service_tier")
+
+	// Frame 2: session.update — not response.create, untouched, but its
+	// side effect updates capturedSessionModel to gpt-5.5.
+	_, payload2, err := wrapper.ReadFrame(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, string(rotate), string(payload2), "session.update frame is forwarded verbatim")
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-5.5", capturedSessionModel, "fix1: session.update must rotate capturedSessionModel")
+
+	// Frame 3: empty model + new captured gpt-5.5 → matches whitelist → filter.
+	_, payload3, err := wrapper.ReadFrame(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(payload3), `"service_tier"`,
+		"fix1: post-rotate response.create without model must use refreshed capturedSessionModel and trigger filter")
+}
+
+// TestPolicyModelFromSessionFrame_OnlySessionUpdate covers the negative
+// branches of openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame: only
+// client→upstream session.update frames rotate the captured model;
+// server→client events (session.created) and unrelated frames must not.
+func TestPolicyModelFromSessionFrame_OnlySessionUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// session.created is a server→client event in the OpenAI Realtime
+	// protocol — clients never send it, so this filter (which only runs on
+	// the client→upstream direction) must ignore it even if it appears.
+	created := []byte(`{"type":"session.created","session":{"model":"gpt-5.5"}}`)
+	require.Empty(t, openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame(account, created))
+
+	// Non-session.* frames must NOT trigger rotation.
+	notSession := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","session":{"model":"gpt-9"}}`)
+	require.Empty(t, openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame(account, notSession))
+
+	// Missing session.model returns empty — caller keeps the old captured value.
+	noModel := []byte(`{"type":"session.update","session":{"voice":"alloy"}}`)
+	require.Empty(t, openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame(account, noModel))
+}
+
+// --- Fix2: native /responses normalize "fast" → "priority" on pass ---
+
+// TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_PassNormalizesFastAlias is the fix2
+// regression. Before the fix, when action=pass, applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody
+// returned the body unchanged so a raw "fast" alias would leak to the
+// upstream OpenAI API (which does not accept "fast"). The fix normalizes
+// "fast" → "priority" on pass too.
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_PassNormalizesFastAlias(t *testing.T) {
+	// Use a policy that deliberately misses gpt-4 so the action is pass.
+	settings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, settings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// gpt-4 + "fast" → fallback pass. Body must be rewritten to "priority".
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","service_tier":"fast"}`)
+	updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-4", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "priority", gjson.GetBytes(updated, "service_tier").String(),
+		"fix2: pass action must still normalize 'fast' → 'priority' so upstream OpenAI accepts the slug")
+
+	// Already-canonical "priority" on pass: zero mutation (byte-equal).
+	body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	updated, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-4", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, string(body), string(updated))
+
+	// Mixed-case alias → normalized.
+	body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","service_tier":"  Fast  "}`)
+	updated, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-4", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "priority", gjson.GetBytes(updated, "service_tier").String())
+
+	// Unrecognized tier → still no-op (not normalized, since normTier == "").
+	body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","service_tier":"turbo"}`)
+	updated, err = svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-4", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, string(body), string(updated))
+}
+
+// --- Fix3: passthrough billing must reflect post-filter service_tier ---
+
+// TestPassthroughBilling_PostFilterServiceTier is the fix3 regression. The
+// passthrough adapter (openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go) now extracts
+// requestServiceTier from firstClientMessage AFTER applyOpenAIFastPolicy
+// has rewritten it, so a filter hit causes billing to report nil (default
+// tier) instead of the user-requested "priority". This test pins the
+// contract those two helpers must uphold for the adapter's billing path.
+func TestPassthroughBilling_PostFilterServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	raw := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+
+	// Pre-filter sanity: extracting from the raw frame would (incorrectly,
+	// pre-fix) report "priority" — this is the very thing the adapter
+	// must NOT do anymore.
+	pre := extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(raw)
+	require.NotNil(t, pre)
+	require.Equal(t, "priority", *pre,
+		"sanity: raw first frame carries priority that pre-fix billing would have reported")
+
+	// Apply policy filter (default rule: gpt-5.5 + priority → filter).
+	filtered, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked)
+	require.NotContains(t, string(filtered), `"service_tier"`)
+
+	// Post-filter: extracting from the rewritten frame returns nil. This
+	// is the value the adapter now passes to OpenAIForwardResult.ServiceTier,
+	// so billing records "default" instead of "priority".
+	post := extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(filtered)
+	require.Nil(t, post, "fix3: post-filter extraction must return nil so passthrough billing reports default tier instead of the requested priority")
+
+	// And the byte-level invariant the adapter relies on: filtering an
+	// already-filtered frame is a no-op (idempotent), so re-running the
+	// policy doesn't accidentally re-introduce the field.
+	again, blocked2, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", filtered)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked2)
+	require.Equal(t, string(filtered), string(again),
+		"policy is idempotent: filtering an already-filtered frame leaves bytes unchanged")
+}
+
+// TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_NonStringServiceTier covers the test gap
+// flagged in the review: when a client sends service_tier as a non-string
+// (number, null, object, etc.) the policy must NOT panic and must NOT
+// pretend the field was filtered. Behavior: skip policy entirely (treat as
+// "no usable tier"), forward body unchanged. This mirrors the HTTP entry's
+// type-assertion `reqBody["service_tier"].(string); ok` guard.
+func TestApplyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody_NonStringServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Number — gjson .String() coerces to "1" which is not a recognized
+	// tier alias; normalize returns "" → policy no-ops.
+	cases := [][]byte{
+		[]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":1}`),
+		[]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":null}`),
+		[]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":{"nested":"priority"}}`),
+		[]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":["priority"]}`),
+		[]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":true}`),
+	}
+	for _, body := range cases {
+		updated, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "non-string service_tier must not error: %s", string(body))
+		require.Equal(t, string(body), string(updated),
+			"non-string service_tier must pass through unchanged: %s", string(body))
+	}
+
+	// Same guard for the WS response.create entry.
+	for _, body := range cases {
+		frame := body
+		updated, blocked, err := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", frame)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "non-string service_tier ws frame must not error: %s", string(frame))
+		require.Nil(t, blocked, "non-string service_tier must not trigger block: %s", string(frame))
+		require.Equal(t, string(frame), string(updated),
+			"non-string service_tier ws frame must pass through unchanged: %s", string(frame))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPassthroughBilling_MultiTurnServiceTierFollowsFilteredFrames covers the
+// multi-turn passthrough billing regression: OpenAI Realtime / Responses WS
+// allows the client to ship a different service_tier on each response.create
+// frame (per-response field, see codex-rs/core/src/client.rs
+// build_responses_request which re-fills the field on every request). Before
+// the fix the adapter only captured service_tier from firstClientMessage so
+// turn 2/3 billing was wrong. After the fix the filter closure refreshes an
+// atomic.Pointer[string] on every successful response.create frame.
+//
+// This test pins the four legs of the semantic contract:
+//   - turn 1: service_tier=priority hits the default whitelist filter, so
+//     after filter the upstream sees no tier → billing is nil.
+//   - turn 2: service_tier=flex passes (default rule targets priority only),
+//     billing should now reflect "flex".
+//   - turn 3: response.create without any service_tier — the upstream will
+//     treat it as default; we choose to mirror that and overwrite billing
+//     to nil rather than carry over "flex" from turn 2.
+//   - non-response.create frame (response.cancel here) carrying a stray
+//     service_tier-shaped field must NOT clobber the billing pointer.
+func TestPassthroughBilling_MultiTurnServiceTierFollowsFilteredFrames(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings())
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	// Mirror the production filter closure (openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go
+	// proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough) so this test fails if the
+	// production code drops the per-frame Store.
+	var requestServiceTierPtr atomic.Pointer[string]
+	capturedSessionModel := ""
+	filter := func(msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error) {
+		if msgType != coderws.MessageText {
+			return payload, nil, nil
+		}
+		if updated := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame(account, payload); updated != "" {
+			capturedSessionModel = updated
+		}
+		model := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, payload)
+		if model == "" {
+			model = capturedSessionModel
+		}
+		out, blocked, policyErr := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, model, payload)
+		if policyErr == nil && blocked == nil &&
+			strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "type").String()) == "response.create" {
+			requestServiceTierPtr.Store(extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(out))
+		}
+		return out, blocked, policyErr
+	}
+
+	// First-frame initialization mirrors the adapter: extract from the
+	// post-filter payload so a filter-on-first-frame zeroes billing too.
+	firstFrame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	firstOut, firstBlocked, firstErr := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", firstFrame)
+	require.NoError(t, firstErr)
+	require.Nil(t, firstBlocked)
+	requestServiceTierPtr.Store(extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(firstOut))
+	capturedSessionModel = openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, firstFrame)
+	require.Nil(t, requestServiceTierPtr.Load(),
+		"turn 1: filter strips service_tier=priority, billing must reflect upstream-actual nil tier")
+
+	// Turn 2: client switches to flex, should pass and update billing.
+	turn2 := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"flex"}`)
+	out2, blocked2, err2 := filter(coderws.MessageText, turn2)
+	require.NoError(t, err2)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked2)
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", gjson.GetBytes(out2, "service_tier").String(), "turn 2: flex must pass to upstream untouched")
+	tier2 := requestServiceTierPtr.Load()
+	require.NotNil(t, tier2, "turn 2: billing must update to reflect flex")
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", *tier2)
+
+	// A non-response.create frame with a stray service_tier-shaped field
+	// must NOT overwrite the billing pointer (those frames don't carry
+	// per-response service_tier in the Realtime spec).
+	cancelFrame := []byte(`{"type":"response.cancel","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	_, blockedCancel, errCancel := filter(coderws.MessageText, cancelFrame)
+	require.NoError(t, errCancel)
+	require.Nil(t, blockedCancel)
+	tierAfterCancel := requestServiceTierPtr.Load()
+	require.NotNil(t, tierAfterCancel, "response.cancel must not clobber billing tier to nil")
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", *tierAfterCancel,
+		"non-response.create frames must not update billing tier even if they carry a service_tier-shaped field")
+
+	// Turn 3: response.create without any service_tier. We deliberately
+	// overwrite billing back to nil so it tracks what the upstream actually
+	// sees on this turn (default tier).
+	turn3 := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5"}`)
+	out3, blocked3, err3 := filter(coderws.MessageText, turn3)
+	require.NoError(t, err3)
+	require.Nil(t, blocked3)
+	require.Equal(t, string(turn3), string(out3), "turn 3 has no service_tier — filter must not mutate")
+	require.Nil(t, requestServiceTierPtr.Load(),
+		"turn 3: response.create without service_tier overwrites billing to nil to match upstream default")
+}
+
+// TestPassthroughBilling_BlockedFrameDoesNotMutateServiceTier locks in the
+// "block keeps previous" semantic: when policy returns block on a
+// response.create frame, that frame is never sent upstream, so billing tier
+// must keep the previous turn's value rather than getting silently zeroed.
+func TestPassthroughBilling_BlockedFrameDoesNotMutateServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	blockSettings := &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{{
+			ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+			Action:         BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+			Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			ErrorMessage:   "blocked",
+			ModelWhitelist: []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+			FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+		}},
+	}
+	svc := newOpenAIGatewayServiceWithSettings(t, blockSettings)
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeAPIKey}
+
+	var requestServiceTierPtr atomic.Pointer[string]
+	flexValue := "flex"
+	requestServiceTierPtr.Store(&flexValue) // simulate prior turn billed as flex
+
+	filter := func(msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error) {
+		if msgType != coderws.MessageText {
+			return payload, nil, nil
+		}
+		out, blocked, policyErr := svc.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(context.Background(), account, "gpt-5.5", payload)
+		if policyErr == nil && blocked == nil &&
+			strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "type").String()) == "response.create" {
+			requestServiceTierPtr.Store(extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(out))
+		}
+		return out, blocked, policyErr
+	}
+
+	frame := []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.5","service_tier":"priority"}`)
+	_, blocked, err := filter(coderws.MessageText, frame)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, blocked, "policy must block this frame")
+
+	tier := requestServiceTierPtr.Load()
+	require.NotNil(t, tier, "blocked frame must not clobber prior billing tier to nil")
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", *tier,
+		"blocked frame is never sent upstream; billing must retain the previous turn's tier")
+}
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions.go
index 663066a3..5822ae4c 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions.go
@@ -171,6 +171,17 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ForwardAsChatCompletions(
 		}
 	}
 
+	// 4b. Apply OpenAI fast policy (may filter service_tier or block the request).
+	updatedBody, policyErr := s.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(ctx, account, upstreamModel, responsesBody)
+	if policyErr != nil {
+		var blocked *OpenAIFastBlockedError
+		if errors.As(policyErr, &blocked) {
+			writeChatCompletionsError(c, http.StatusForbidden, "permission_error", blocked.Message)
+		}
+		return nil, policyErr
+	}
+	responsesBody = updatedBody
+
 	// 5. Get access token
 	token, _, err := s.GetAccessToken(ctx, account)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions_test.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions_test.go
index a00fb71c..6846e03a 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_chat_completions_test.go
@@ -19,8 +19,22 @@ func TestNormalizeResponsesRequestServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
 	normalizeResponsesRequestServiceTier(req)
 	require.Equal(t, "flex", req.ServiceTier)
 
+	// OpenAI 官方合法 tier 应被透传保留。
+	req.ServiceTier = "auto"
+	normalizeResponsesRequestServiceTier(req)
+	require.Equal(t, "auto", req.ServiceTier)
+
 	req.ServiceTier = "default"
 	normalizeResponsesRequestServiceTier(req)
+	require.Equal(t, "default", req.ServiceTier)
+
+	req.ServiceTier = "scale"
+	normalizeResponsesRequestServiceTier(req)
+	require.Equal(t, "scale", req.ServiceTier)
+
+	// 真未知值仍被剥离。
+	req.ServiceTier = "turbo"
+	normalizeResponsesRequestServiceTier(req)
 	require.Empty(t, req.ServiceTier)
 }
 
@@ -37,8 +51,25 @@ func TestNormalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "flex", tier)
 	require.Equal(t, "flex", gjson.GetBytes(body, "service_tier").String())
 
+	// OpenAI 官方 tier 直接保留在 body 中（透传上游）。
+	body, tier, err = normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.1","service_tier":"auto"}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "auto", tier)
+	require.Equal(t, "auto", gjson.GetBytes(body, "service_tier").String())
+
 	body, tier, err = normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.1","service_tier":"default"}`))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "default", tier)
+	require.Equal(t, "default", gjson.GetBytes(body, "service_tier").String())
+
+	body, tier, err = normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.1","service_tier":"scale"}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "scale", tier)
+	require.Equal(t, "scale", gjson.GetBytes(body, "service_tier").String())
+
+	// 真未知值才会被删除。
+	body, tier, err = normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.1","service_tier":"turbo"}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Empty(t, tier)
 	require.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(body, "service_tier").Exists())
 }
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_messages.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_messages.go
index 2a0a72eb..4e0ebb2e 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_messages.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_messages.go
@@ -143,6 +143,19 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ForwardAsAnthropic(
 		}
 	}
 
+	// 4c. Apply OpenAI fast policy (may filter service_tier or block the request).
+	// Mirrors the Claude anthropic-beta "fast-mode-2026-02-01" filter, but keyed
+	// on the body-level service_tier field (priority/flex).
+	updatedBody, policyErr := s.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(ctx, account, upstreamModel, responsesBody)
+	if policyErr != nil {
+		var blocked *OpenAIFastBlockedError
+		if errors.As(policyErr, &blocked) {
+			writeAnthropicError(c, http.StatusForbidden, "forbidden_error", blocked.Message)
+		}
+		return nil, policyErr
+	}
+	responsesBody = updatedBody
+
 	// 5. Get access token
 	token, _, err := s.GetAccessToken(ctx, account)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_record_usage_test.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_record_usage_test.go
index 9665c4c8..47ff4e3b 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_record_usage_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_record_usage_test.go
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ func newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, userRepo U
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		nil,
+		nil,
 	)
 	svc.userGroupRateResolver = newUserGroupRateResolver(
 		rateRepo,
@@ -826,18 +827,29 @@ func TestNormalizeOpenAIServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, "priority", *got)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("default ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
-		require.Nil(t, normalizeOpenAIServiceTier("default"))
+	t.Run("openai official tiers preserved", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// OpenAI 官方文档定义的合法 tier 值都应被透传保留，避免因白名单过窄
+		// 静默剥离客户端显式发送的合法字段。Codex 客户端只发 priority/flex，
+		// 所以扩大白名单对 Codex 流量零影响（见 codex-rs/core/src/client.rs）。
+		for _, tier := range []string{"priority", "flex", "auto", "default", "scale"} {
+			got := normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(tier)
+			require.NotNil(t, got, "tier %q should not be normalized to nil", tier)
+			require.Equal(t, tier, *got)
+		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("invalid ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Nil(t, normalizeOpenAIServiceTier("turbo"))
+		require.Nil(t, normalizeOpenAIServiceTier("xxx"))
 	})
 }
 
 func TestExtractOpenAIServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "priority", *extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": "fast"}))
 	require.Equal(t, "flex", *extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": "flex"}))
+	require.Equal(t, "auto", *extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": "auto"}))
+	require.Equal(t, "default", *extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": "default"}))
+	require.Equal(t, "scale", *extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": "scale"}))
 	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": 1}))
 	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTier(nil))
 }
@@ -845,7 +857,10 @@ func TestExtractOpenAIServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
 func TestExtractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "priority", *extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"fast"}`)))
 	require.Equal(t, "flex", *extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"flex"}`)))
-	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"default"}`)))
+	require.Equal(t, "auto", *extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"auto"}`)))
+	require.Equal(t, "default", *extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"default"}`)))
+	require.Equal(t, "scale", *extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"scale"}`)))
+	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"turbo"}`)))
 	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(nil))
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
index 13e3ddab..a7407476 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@ type OpenAIGatewayService struct {
 	resolver              *ModelPricingResolver
 	channelService        *ChannelService
 	balanceNotifyService  *BalanceNotifyService
+	settingService        *SettingService
 
 	openaiWSPoolOnce              sync.Once
 	openaiWSStateStoreOnce        sync.Once
@@ -372,6 +373,7 @@ func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 	resolver *ModelPricingResolver,
 	channelService *ChannelService,
 	balanceNotifyService *BalanceNotifyService,
+	settingService *SettingService,
 ) *OpenAIGatewayService {
 	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
 		accountRepo:         accountRepo,
@@ -402,6 +404,7 @@ func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 		resolver:              resolver,
 		channelService:        channelService,
 		balanceNotifyService:  balanceNotifyService,
+		settingService:        settingService,
 		responseHeaderFilter:  compileResponseHeaderFilter(cfg),
 		codexSnapshotThrottle: newAccountWriteThrottle(openAICodexSnapshotPersistMinInterval),
 	}
@@ -2310,6 +2313,48 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 		disablePatch()
 	}
 
+	// Apply OpenAI fast policy (参照 Claude BetaPolicy 的 fast-mode 过滤)：
+	// 针对 body 的 service_tier 字段（"priority" 即 fast，"flex"），按策略
+	// 执行 filter（删除字段）或 block（拒绝请求）。对 gpt-5.5 等模型屏蔽
+	// fast 时在此生效。
+	//
+	// 注意：
+	//   1. 此处统一使用 upstreamModel（已经过 GetMappedModel +
+	//      normalizeOpenAIModelForUpstream + Codex OAuth normalize），与
+	//      chat-completions / messages 入口保持一致，避免不同入口因为模型
+	//      维度不同而出现 whitelist 命中差异。
+	//   2. action=pass 时也要把 raw "fast" 归一化为 "priority" 写回 body，
+	//      否则 native /responses 入口透传 "fast" 给上游会被拒。chat-
+	//      completions 入口由 normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier 完成同一
+	//      行为，这里手工实现等效逻辑。
+	if rawTier, ok := reqBody["service_tier"].(string); ok {
+		if normTier := normalizedOpenAIServiceTierValue(rawTier); normTier != "" {
+			action, errMsg := s.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(ctx, account, upstreamModel, normTier)
+			switch action {
+			case BetaPolicyActionBlock:
+				msg := errMsg
+				if msg == "" {
+					msg = fmt.Sprintf("openai service_tier=%s is not allowed for model %s", normTier, upstreamModel)
+				}
+				blocked := &OpenAIFastBlockedError{Message: msg}
+				writeOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedResponse(c, blocked)
+				return nil, blocked
+			case BetaPolicyActionFilter:
+				delete(reqBody, "service_tier")
+				bodyModified = true
+				disablePatch()
+			default:
+				// pass：若客户端传的是别名 "fast"，归一化为 "priority"
+				// 后写回 body，确保上游收到的是其能识别的规范值。
+				if normTier != rawTier {
+					reqBody["service_tier"] = normTier
+					bodyModified = true
+					markPatchSet("service_tier", normTier)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Re-serialize body only if modified
 	if bodyModified {
 		serializedByPatch := false
@@ -2758,6 +2803,26 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIPassthrough(
 		body = sanitizedBody
 	}
 
+	// Apply OpenAI fast policy to the passthrough body (filter/block by service_tier).
+	// 统一使用 upstream 视角的 model：透传路径下 body 已经过 compact 映射 +
+	// OAuth normalize，body 中的 model 字段即上游真正会看到的 slug。
+	// 这样可以与 chat-completions / messages / native /responses 入口的
+	// upstreamModel 保持一致，避免 whitelist 命中差异。当 body 中没有
+	// model 字段时退回 reqModel。
+	policyModel := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(body, "model").String())
+	if policyModel == "" {
+		policyModel = reqModel
+	}
+	updatedBody, policyErr := s.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(ctx, account, policyModel, body)
+	if policyErr != nil {
+		var blocked *OpenAIFastBlockedError
+		if errors.As(policyErr, &blocked) {
+			writeOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedResponse(c, blocked)
+		}
+		return nil, policyErr
+	}
+	body = updatedBody
+
 	logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway",
 		"[OpenAI 自动透传] 命中自动透传分支: account=%d name=%s type=%s model=%s stream=%v",
 		account.ID,
@@ -5590,14 +5655,319 @@ func normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(raw string) *string {
 	if value == "fast" {
 		value = "priority"
 	}
+	// 放过 OpenAI 官方文档定义的所有合法 tier 值：priority/flex/auto/default/scale。
+	// 对 Codex 客户端零影响（Codex 只发 priority 或 flex，见 codex-rs/core/src/client.rs），
+	// 但能让直连 OpenAI SDK 的用户透传 auto/default/scale 以便抓包/调试。
+	// 真未知值仍返回 nil，由 normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier 从 body 中删除。
 	switch value {
-	case "priority", "flex":
+	case "priority", "flex", "auto", "default", "scale":
 		return &value
 	default:
 		return nil
 	}
 }
 
+// OpenAIFastBlockedError indicates a request was rejected by the OpenAI fast
+// policy (action=block). Mirrors BetaBlockedError on the Claude side.
+type OpenAIFastBlockedError struct {
+	Message string
+}
+
+func (e *OpenAIFastBlockedError) Error() string { return e.Message }
+
+// evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy returns the action and error message that should be
+// applied for a request with the given account/model/service_tier. When the
+// policy service is unavailable or no rule matches, it returns
+// (BetaPolicyActionPass, "") so callers can short-circuit safely.
+//
+// Matching rules:
+//   - Scope filters by account type (all / oauth / apikey / bedrock)
+//   - ServiceTier must be empty (= any), "all", or equal the normalized tier
+//   - ModelWhitelist narrows the rule to specific models; FallbackAction
+//     handles the non-matching case (default: pass)
+//
+// 与 Claude BetaPolicy 的差异（保留首条匹配 short-circuit）：
+//   - BetaPolicy 处理的是 anthropic-beta header 中的 token 集合，不同
+//     规则可能针对不同 token，filter 需要累加成 set；block 则 first-match。
+//   - OpenAI fast policy 操作的是单个字段 service_tier：filter 即删字段，
+//     没有可累加的对象。一次请求只携带一个 service_tier，规则的 tier
+//     维度天然互斥；同一 (scope, tier) 下若多条规则的 model whitelist
+//     发生重叠，admin 可通过规则顺序明确意图。因此采用 first-match 而
+//     非 BetaPolicy 那样的"block 覆盖 filter 覆盖 pass"语义。
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(ctx context.Context, account *Account, model, serviceTier string) (action, errMsg string) {
+	if s == nil || s.settingService == nil {
+		return BetaPolicyActionPass, ""
+	}
+	tier := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(serviceTier))
+	if tier == "" {
+		return BetaPolicyActionPass, ""
+	}
+	settings := openAIFastPolicySettingsFromContext(ctx)
+	if settings == nil {
+		fetched, err := s.settingService.GetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(ctx)
+		if err != nil || fetched == nil {
+			return BetaPolicyActionPass, ""
+		}
+		settings = fetched
+	}
+	return evaluateOpenAIFastPolicyWithSettings(settings, account, model, tier)
+}
+
+// evaluateOpenAIFastPolicyWithSettings is the pure-function core extracted so
+// long-lived sessions (e.g. WS) can prefetch settings once and avoid hitting
+// the settingService on every frame. See WSSession entry and
+// openAIFastPolicySettingsFromContext for the caching glue.
+func evaluateOpenAIFastPolicyWithSettings(settings *OpenAIFastPolicySettings, account *Account, model, tier string) (action, errMsg string) {
+	if settings == nil {
+		return BetaPolicyActionPass, ""
+	}
+	isOAuth := account != nil && account.IsOAuth()
+	isBedrock := account != nil && account.IsBedrock()
+	for _, rule := range settings.Rules {
+		if !betaPolicyScopeMatches(rule.Scope, isOAuth, isBedrock) {
+			continue
+		}
+		ruleTier := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rule.ServiceTier))
+		if ruleTier != "" && ruleTier != OpenAIFastTierAny && ruleTier != tier {
+			continue
+		}
+		eff := BetaPolicyRule{
+			Action:               rule.Action,
+			ErrorMessage:         rule.ErrorMessage,
+			ModelWhitelist:       rule.ModelWhitelist,
+			FallbackAction:       rule.FallbackAction,
+			FallbackErrorMessage: rule.FallbackErrorMessage,
+		}
+		return resolveRuleAction(eff, model)
+	}
+	return BetaPolicyActionPass, ""
+}
+
+// openAIFastPolicyCtxKey 是 context 中预取的 OpenAIFastPolicySettings 缓存
+// 键，仅用于 WebSocket 长会话内多帧复用同一份策略快照，避免每帧 DB 命中。
+//
+// Trade-off：策略变更不会影响当前 WS session（只影响新 session）。这是
+// 有意为之 —— 对长会话来说，"策略一致性"比"立刻生效"更重要，且 Claude
+// BetaPolicy 的 gin.Context 缓存也是同样取舍。需要 hot-reload 时管理员
+// 可以通过踢断 session 强制刷新。
+type openAIFastPolicyCtxKeyType struct{}
+
+var openAIFastPolicyCtxKey = openAIFastPolicyCtxKeyType{}
+
+// withOpenAIFastPolicyContext 将一份 settings 快照绑定到 context，供该 ctx
+// 衍生 goroutine 中的 evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy 复用。
+func withOpenAIFastPolicyContext(ctx context.Context, settings *OpenAIFastPolicySettings) context.Context {
+	if ctx == nil || settings == nil {
+		return ctx
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, openAIFastPolicyCtxKey, settings)
+}
+
+func openAIFastPolicySettingsFromContext(ctx context.Context) *OpenAIFastPolicySettings {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if v, ok := ctx.Value(openAIFastPolicyCtxKey).(*OpenAIFastPolicySettings); ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody applies the OpenAI fast policy to a raw request
+// body. When action=filter it removes the service_tier field; when
+// action=block it returns (body, *OpenAIFastBlockedError). On pass it
+// normalizes the service_tier value (e.g. client alias "fast" → "priority"),
+// rewriting the body so the upstream receives a slug it recognizes.
+//
+// Rationale for normalize-on-pass: chat-completions / messages 入口在调用本
+// 函数之前已经通过 normalizeResponsesBodyServiceTier 把 service_tier 归一化
+// 到了上游可识别值；passthrough（OpenAI 自动透传） / native /responses 等
+// 入口没有这一前置步骤，pass 路径下若不在此处归一化，"fast" 就会被原样
+// 透传到 OpenAI 上游导致 400/拒绝。把归一化收敛到本函数，所有入口行为一致。
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody(ctx context.Context, account *Account, model string, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(body) == 0 {
+		return body, nil
+	}
+	rawTier := gjson.GetBytes(body, "service_tier").String()
+	if rawTier == "" {
+		return body, nil
+	}
+	normTier := normalizedOpenAIServiceTierValue(rawTier)
+	if normTier == "" {
+		return body, nil
+	}
+	action, errMsg := s.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(ctx, account, model, normTier)
+	switch action {
+	case BetaPolicyActionBlock:
+		msg := errMsg
+		if msg == "" {
+			msg = fmt.Sprintf("openai service_tier=%s is not allowed for model %s", normTier, model)
+		}
+		return body, &OpenAIFastBlockedError{Message: msg}
+	case BetaPolicyActionFilter:
+		trimmed, err := sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "service_tier")
+		if err != nil {
+			return body, fmt.Errorf("strip service_tier from body: %w", err)
+		}
+		return trimmed, nil
+	default:
+		// pass：把别名（如 "fast"）写回为规范值（"priority"）。
+		if normTier == rawTier {
+			return body, nil
+		}
+		updated, err := sjson.SetBytes(body, "service_tier", normTier)
+		if err != nil {
+			return body, fmt.Errorf("normalize service_tier on pass: %w", err)
+		}
+		return updated, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// writeOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedResponse writes a 403 JSON response for a
+// request blocked by the OpenAI fast policy.
+func writeOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedResponse(c *gin.Context, err *OpenAIFastBlockedError) {
+	if c == nil || err == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{
+		"error": gin.H{
+			"type":    "permission_error",
+			"message": err.Message,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate evaluates the OpenAI fast policy
+// against a single client→upstream WebSocket frame whose top-level
+// "type"=="response.create". It mirrors the HTTP-side
+// applyOpenAIFastPolicyToBody contract but operates on a Realtime/Responses
+// WS payload:
+//
+//   - pass: returns frame unchanged (newBytes == frame, blocked == nil)
+//   - filter: returns a copy with top-level service_tier removed
+//   - block: returns (frame, *OpenAIFastBlockedError)
+//
+// Only frames whose "type" field strictly equals "response.create" are
+// inspected/mutated. Any other frame type — including the empty string —
+// passes through untouched. The OpenAI Realtime client-event spec requires
+// "type" to be set, so an empty type is treated as a malformed frame we do
+// not police; the upstream is the source of truth for rejecting it.
+//
+// service_tier lives at the top level of response.create — same as the
+// Responses HTTP body shape (see openai_gateway_chat_completions.go:304 +
+// extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody at line 5593, and the test fixture at
+// openai_ws_forwarder_ingress_session_test.go:402). We therefore only need
+// to inspect / strip the top-level field; there is no nested form in the
+// schema today.
+//
+// The caller is responsible for choosing the upstream model passed in —
+// this helper does not re-derive it.
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	account *Account,
+	model string,
+	frame []byte,
+) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error) {
+	if len(frame) == 0 {
+		return frame, nil, nil
+	}
+	if !gjson.ValidBytes(frame) {
+		return frame, nil, nil
+	}
+	frameType := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(frame, "type").String())
+	// Strict match: only response.create is policy-checked. Empty / other
+	// types pass through untouched so we never accidentally strip fields
+	// from response.cancel, conversation.item.create, or any future
+	// client-event the spec adds. The Realtime spec requires "type" on
+	// every client event, so an empty type is malformed input — let the
+	// upstream reject it rather than guessing at our layer.
+	if frameType != "response.create" {
+		return frame, nil, nil
+	}
+	rawTier := gjson.GetBytes(frame, "service_tier").String()
+	if rawTier == "" {
+		return frame, nil, nil
+	}
+	normTier := normalizedOpenAIServiceTierValue(rawTier)
+	if normTier == "" {
+		return frame, nil, nil
+	}
+	action, errMsg := s.evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy(ctx, account, model, normTier)
+	switch action {
+	case BetaPolicyActionBlock:
+		msg := errMsg
+		if msg == "" {
+			msg = fmt.Sprintf("openai service_tier=%s is not allowed for model %s", normTier, model)
+		}
+		return frame, &OpenAIFastBlockedError{Message: msg}, nil
+	case BetaPolicyActionFilter:
+		trimmed, err := sjson.DeleteBytes(frame, "service_tier")
+		if err != nil {
+			return frame, nil, fmt.Errorf("strip service_tier from ws frame: %w", err)
+		}
+		return trimmed, nil, nil
+	default:
+		return frame, nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// newOpenAIFastPolicyWSEventID returns a Realtime-style event_id for a
+// server-emitted error event. Matches the loose "evt_<rand>" convention used
+// by upstream Realtime servers; the exact value is not load-bearing and is
+// only required for client-side log correlation. We reuse the existing
+// google/uuid dependency rather than pulling a new one.
+func newOpenAIFastPolicyWSEventID() string {
+	id, err := uuid.NewRandom()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Extremely unlikely; fall back to a fixed prefix so the field is
+		// still non-empty and the schema stays self-consistent.
+		return "evt_openai_fast_policy"
+	}
+	// Strip dashes so it visually matches "evt_<hex>" rather than UUID v4
+	// canonical form, mirroring what real Realtime traces look like.
+	return "evt_" + strings.ReplaceAll(id.String(), "-", "")
+}
+
+// buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent renders an OpenAI Realtime/Responses
+// style "error" event payload for a request blocked by the OpenAI fast
+// policy. The shape mirrors Realtime error events as observed in upstream
+// traces and per the spec's server "error" event:
+//
+//	{
+//	  "event_id": "evt_<random>",
+//	  "type": "error",
+//	  "error": {
+//	    "type": "invalid_request_error",
+//	    "code": "policy_violation",
+//	    "message": "..."
+//	  }
+//	}
+//
+// event_id lets clients correlate the rejection in their logs; "code" gives
+// programmatic clients a stable identifier (HTTP-side equivalent is the
+// 403 permission_error JSON body).
+func buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent(err *OpenAIFastBlockedError) []byte {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	eventID := newOpenAIFastPolicyWSEventID()
+	payload, mErr := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"event_id": eventID,
+		"type":     "error",
+		"error": map[string]any{
+			"type":    "invalid_request_error",
+			"code":    "policy_violation",
+			"message": err.Message,
+		},
+	})
+	if mErr != nil {
+		// Fallback to a minimal hand-rolled payload; Marshal of the literal
+		// shape above should never fail in practice.
+		return []byte(`{"event_id":"` + eventID + `","type":"error","error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","code":"policy_violation","message":"openai fast policy blocked this request"}}`)
+	}
+	return payload
+}
+
 func sanitizeEmptyBase64InputImagesInOpenAIBody(body []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
 	if len(body) == 0 || !bytes.Contains(body, []byte(`"image_url"`)) || !bytes.Contains(body, []byte(`base64,`)) {
 		return body, false, nil
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go
index 8c0222e2..dedbce1e 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go
@@ -2366,6 +2366,15 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(
 		return errors.New("token is empty")
 	}
 
+	// 预取一次 OpenAI Fast Policy settings，绑定到 ctx，让该 WS session
+	// 内所有帧的 evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy 调用复用同一份快照，避免每帧
+	// 进入 DB / settingRepo。Trade-off 见 withOpenAIFastPolicyContext 注释。
+	if s.settingService != nil {
+		if settings, err := s.settingService.GetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(ctx); err == nil && settings != nil {
+			ctx = withOpenAIFastPolicyContext(ctx, settings)
+		}
+	}
+
 	wsDecision := s.getOpenAIWSProtocolResolver().Resolve(account)
 	modeRouterV2Enabled := s != nil && s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.ModeRouterV2Enabled
 	ingressMode := OpenAIWSIngressModeCtxPool
@@ -2524,6 +2533,44 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(
 			normalized = next
 		}
 
+		// Apply OpenAI Fast Policy on the response.create frame using the same
+		// evaluator/normalize/scope rules as the HTTP entrypoints. This is the
+		// single integration point for all WS ingress turns (first + follow-up
+		// frames flow through here).
+		//
+		// Model fallback: parseClientPayload above rejects any frame whose
+		// "model" field is missing (line ~2493-2500), so by the time we
+		// reach this point upstreamModel is always derived from a non-empty
+		// per-frame model. The capturedSessionModel fallback used in the
+		// passthrough adapter is therefore not needed in this path.
+		policyApplied, blocked, policyErr := s.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(ctx, account, upstreamModel, normalized)
+		if policyErr != nil {
+			return openAIWSClientPayload{}, NewOpenAIWSClientCloseError(coderws.StatusPolicyViolation, "invalid websocket request payload", policyErr)
+		}
+		if blocked != nil {
+			// Send a Realtime-style error event to the client first, then
+			// signal the handler to close the connection with PolicyViolation.
+			// We intentionally do NOT forward this frame upstream.
+			//
+			// coder/websocket@v1.8.14 Conn.Write is synchronous and flushes
+			// the underlying bufio writer before returning (write.go:42 →
+			// 307-311), and the subsequent close handshake re-acquires the
+			// same writeFrameMu, so the error event is guaranteed to reach
+			// the kernel send buffer before any close frame is queued.
+			eventBytes := buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent(blocked)
+			if eventBytes != nil {
+				writeCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, s.openAIWSWriteTimeout())
+				_ = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, eventBytes)
+				cancel()
+			}
+			return openAIWSClientPayload{}, NewOpenAIWSClientCloseError(
+				coderws.StatusPolicyViolation,
+				blocked.Message,
+				blocked,
+			)
+		}
+		normalized = policyApplied
+
 		return openAIWSClientPayload{
 			payloadRaw:         normalized,
 			rawForHash:         trimmed,
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_protocol_forward_test.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_protocol_forward_test.go
index 66e5db93..f3936de1 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_protocol_forward_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_protocol_forward_test.go
@@ -618,6 +618,7 @@ func TestNewOpenAIGatewayService_InitializesOpenAIWSResolver(t *testing.T) {
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		nil,
+		nil,
 	)
 
 	decision := svc.getOpenAIWSProtocolResolver().Resolve(nil)
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go
index cda2e351..3dbb199a 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go
@@ -21,6 +21,109 @@ type openAIWSClientFrameConn struct {
 	conn *coderws.Conn
 }
 
+// openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn wraps a client-side FrameConn and runs
+// every client→upstream frame through the OpenAI Fast Policy. It is the
+// passthrough-relay equivalent of the parseClientPayload integration in the
+// ingress session path. filter returns:
+//   - newPayload, nil, nil: forward the (possibly mutated) payload
+//   - _, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, nil: block — the wrapper sends an error
+//     event via onBlock and surfaces a transport-level error so the relay
+//     stops reading from the client.
+//   - _, _, err: a transport error other than block.
+type openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn struct {
+	inner   openaiwsv2.FrameConn
+	filter  func(msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error)
+	onBlock func(blocked *OpenAIFastBlockedError)
+}
+
+var _ openaiwsv2.FrameConn = (*openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn)(nil)
+
+func (c *openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn) ReadFrame(ctx context.Context) (coderws.MessageType, []byte, error) {
+	if c == nil || c.inner == nil {
+		return coderws.MessageText, nil, errOpenAIWSConnClosed
+	}
+	msgType, payload, err := c.inner.ReadFrame(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return msgType, payload, err
+	}
+	if c.filter == nil {
+		return msgType, payload, nil
+	}
+	updated, blocked, filterErr := c.filter(msgType, payload)
+	if filterErr != nil {
+		return msgType, payload, filterErr
+	}
+	if blocked != nil {
+		if c.onBlock != nil {
+			c.onBlock(blocked)
+		}
+		return msgType, nil, NewOpenAIWSClientCloseError(coderws.StatusPolicyViolation, blocked.Message, blocked)
+	}
+	return msgType, updated, nil
+}
+
+func (c *openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn) WriteFrame(ctx context.Context, msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) error {
+	if c == nil || c.inner == nil {
+		return errOpenAIWSConnClosed
+	}
+	return c.inner.WriteFrame(ctx, msgType, payload)
+}
+
+func (c *openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn) Close() error {
+	if c == nil || c.inner == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c.inner.Close()
+}
+
+// openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame returns the upstream-perspective
+// model name that should be passed to evaluateOpenAIFastPolicy for a single
+// passthrough WS frame. Mirrors the HTTP-side normalization
+// (account.GetMappedModel + normalizeOpenAIModelForUpstream) so the WS path
+// matches model whitelists identically.
+func openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account *Account, payload []byte) string {
+	if account == nil || len(payload) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	original := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "model").String())
+	if original == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return normalizeOpenAIModelForUpstream(account, account.GetMappedModel(original))
+}
+
+// openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame returns the upstream model
+// derived from a session.update frame's session.model field. Returns "" when
+// the frame is not a session.update event or carries no session.model. Used
+// by the per-frame policy filter (client→upstream direction) to keep
+// capturedSessionModel in sync with the session-level model the client may
+// rotate mid-session.
+//
+// Realtime / Responses WS lets the client change the session model after
+// the WS handshake via:
+//
+//	{"type":"session.update","session":{"model":"gpt-5.5", ...}}
+//
+// If we only capture the model from the very first frame, a client can ship
+// gpt-4o on the first response.create (whitelisted as pass), then
+// session.update to gpt-5.5, then send response.create without "model" so
+// the per-frame resolver returns "" and the stale capturedSessionModel falls
+// back to gpt-4o — defeating the gpt-5.5 fast-policy filter.
+func openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame(account *Account, payload []byte) string {
+	if account == nil || len(payload) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	frameType := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "type").String())
+	if frameType != "session.update" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	original := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "session.model").String())
+	if original == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return normalizeOpenAIModelForUpstream(account, account.GetMappedModel(original))
+}
+
 const openaiWSV2PassthroughModeFields = "ws_mode=passthrough ws_router=v2"
 
 var _ openaiwsv2.FrameConn = (*openAIWSClientFrameConn)(nil)
@@ -77,7 +180,6 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 		return errors.New("token is empty")
 	}
 	requestModel := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(firstClientMessage, "model").String())
-	requestServiceTier := extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(firstClientMessage)
 	requestPreviousResponseID := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(firstClientMessage, "previous_response_id").String())
 	logOpenAIWSV2Passthrough(
 		"relay_start account_id=%d model=%s previous_response_id=%s first_message_type=%s first_message_bytes=%d",
@@ -88,6 +190,59 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 		len(firstClientMessage),
 	)
 
+	// Apply OpenAI Fast Policy on the first response.create frame. Subsequent
+	// frames are filtered via a wrapping FrameConn below so every client→
+	// upstream frame goes through the same policy evaluator/normalize/scope as
+	// HTTP entrypoints.
+	//
+	// We capture the session-level model from the first frame here so the
+	// per-frame filter (below) can fall back to it when a follow-up frame
+	// omits "model" — Realtime clients are allowed to send response.create
+	// without re-stating the model, in which case the upstream uses the model
+	// negotiated at session.update time. Without this fallback, an empty
+	// model would miss the default ["gpt-5.5","gpt-5.5*"] whitelist and be
+	// silently passed through, defeating the policy on every frame after
+	// the first.
+	capturedSessionModel := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, firstClientMessage)
+	updatedFirst, blocked, policyErr := s.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(ctx, account, capturedSessionModel, firstClientMessage)
+	if policyErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply openai fast policy on first ws frame: %w", policyErr)
+	}
+	if blocked != nil {
+		// coder/websocket@v1.8.14 Conn.Write is synchronous: it acquires
+		// writeFrameMu, writes the entire frame, and Flushes the underlying
+		// bufio writer before returning (write.go:42 → write.go:307-311).
+		// The subsequent close handshake re-acquires the same writeFrameMu
+		// to send the close frame, so the error event is guaranteed to
+		// reach the kernel send buffer before any close frame is queued.
+		// No explicit flush hop is required here.
+		eventBytes := buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent(blocked)
+		if eventBytes != nil {
+			writeCtx, cancelWrite := context.WithTimeout(ctx, s.openAIWSWriteTimeout())
+			_ = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, eventBytes)
+			cancelWrite()
+		}
+		return NewOpenAIWSClientCloseError(coderws.StatusPolicyViolation, blocked.Message, blocked)
+	}
+	firstClientMessage = updatedFirst
+
+	// 在 policy filter 之后再提取 service_tier 用于 billing 上报：filter
+	// 命中时 service_tier 已经从 firstClientMessage 中删除，billing 应当
+	// 反映上游实际处理的 tier（nil = default），而不是用户最初请求的
+	// "priority"。HTTP 入口（line ~2728 extractOpenAIServiceTier(reqBody)）
+	// 与 WS ingress（openai_ws_forwarder.go:2991 取自 payload）的语义一致。
+	//
+	// 多轮 passthrough：OpenAI Realtime / Responses WS 协议允许客户端在
+	// 同一连接的不同 response.create 帧上发送不同 service_tier（参考
+	// codex-rs/core/src/client.rs build_responses_request 每次重新填值）。
+	// 因此使用 atomic.Pointer[string] 在 filter（runClientToUpstream
+	// goroutine）和 OnTurnComplete / final result（runUpstreamToClient
+	// goroutine）之间同步当前 turn 的 service_tier。
+	// extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody 返回 *string，本身是指针类型，
+	// 可直接 Store/Load 而无需额外封装。
+	var requestServiceTierPtr atomic.Pointer[string]
+	requestServiceTierPtr.Store(extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(firstClientMessage))
+
 	wsURL, err := s.buildOpenAIResponsesWSURL(account)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("build ws url: %w", err)
@@ -152,9 +307,72 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 	}
 
 	completedTurns := atomic.Int32{}
+	policyClientConn := &openAIWSPolicyEnforcingFrameConn{
+		inner: &openAIWSClientFrameConn{conn: clientConn},
+		// 注意线程安全：filter 仅在 runClientToUpstream 这一条
+		// goroutine 中被调用（passthrough_relay.go: ReadFrame loop），
+		// capturedSessionModel 的读写都发生在该 goroutine 内，因此无需
+		// 加锁/原子化。
+		filter: func(msgType coderws.MessageType, payload []byte) ([]byte, *OpenAIFastBlockedError, error) {
+			if msgType != coderws.MessageText {
+				return payload, nil, nil
+			}
+			// 在评估策略前先刷新 capturedSessionModel：客户端可能通过
+			// session.update 修改 session-level model（Realtime /
+			// Responses WS 协议允许），如果不刷新就会出现
+			// "首帧 model=gpt-4o（pass）→ session.update 改成 gpt-5.5
+			// → 不带 model 的 response.create fallback 到 gpt-4o" 的
+			// 绕过路径。这里只看 session.update 事件中的 session.model
+			// 字段，response.create 自己的 model 仍然由其本帧字段决定。
+			if updated := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelFromSessionFrame(account, payload); updated != "" {
+				capturedSessionModel = updated
+			}
+			// Per-frame model first; if the client omits "model" on a
+			// follow-up frame (legal in Realtime), fall back to the
+			// session-level model captured from the first frame so the
+			// model whitelist still resolves. An empty model would miss
+			// any whitelist and silently fall back to pass.
+			model := openAIWSPassthroughPolicyModelForFrame(account, payload)
+			if model == "" {
+				model = capturedSessionModel
+			}
+			out, blocked, policyErr := s.applyOpenAIFastPolicyToWSResponseCreate(ctx, account, model, payload)
+			// 多轮 passthrough billing：仅在成功（non-block / non-err）
+			// 的 response.create 帧上更新 requestServiceTierPtr，使用
+			// filter 处理后的 payload，与首帧 policy-after-extract 语义
+			// 保持一致（参见上方 extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody 注释）。
+			//   - 非 response.create 帧（response.cancel /
+			//     conversation.item.create / session.update 等）不携带
+			//     per-response service_tier，不应覆盖前一轮值。
+			//   - blocked != nil：该帧不会发送上游，billing tier 应保持
+			//     上一轮值。
+			//   - policyErr != nil：异常路径，保持上一轮值。
+			//   - 不带 service_tier 的 response.create 会让
+			//     extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody 返回 nil；这里有意
+			//     覆盖（Store(nil)），因为 OpenAI 上游对该帧实际不传
+			//     service_tier 时按 default 处理，billing 应如实反映。
+			if policyErr == nil && blocked == nil &&
+				strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "type").String()) == "response.create" {
+				requestServiceTierPtr.Store(extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(out))
+			}
+			return out, blocked, policyErr
+		},
+		onBlock: func(blocked *OpenAIFastBlockedError) {
+			// See note above on Conn.Write being synchronous w.r.t. flush;
+			// no explicit flush is required to ensure the error event lands
+			// before the close frame.
+			eventBytes := buildOpenAIFastPolicyBlockedWSEvent(blocked)
+			if eventBytes == nil {
+				return
+			}
+			writeCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, s.openAIWSWriteTimeout())
+			_ = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, eventBytes)
+			cancel()
+		},
+	}
 	relayResult, relayExit := openaiwsv2.RunEntry(openaiwsv2.EntryInput{
 		Ctx:                ctx,
-		ClientConn:         &openAIWSClientFrameConn{conn: clientConn},
+		ClientConn:         policyClientConn,
 		UpstreamConn:       upstreamFrameConn,
 		FirstClientMessage: firstClientMessage,
 		Options: openaiwsv2.RelayOptions{
@@ -179,7 +397,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 						CacheReadInputTokens:     turn.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens,
 					},
 					Model:           turn.RequestModel,
-					ServiceTier:     requestServiceTier,
+					ServiceTier:     requestServiceTierPtr.Load(),
 					Stream:          true,
 					OpenAIWSMode:    true,
 					ResponseHeaders: cloneHeader(handshakeHeaders),
@@ -227,7 +445,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 			CacheReadInputTokens:     relayResult.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens,
 		},
 		Model:           relayResult.RequestModel,
-		ServiceTier:     requestServiceTier,
+		ServiceTier:     requestServiceTierPtr.Load(),
 		Stream:          true,
 		OpenAIWSMode:    true,
 		ResponseHeaders: cloneHeader(handshakeHeaders),
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/setting_service.go b/backend/internal/service/setting_service.go
index 33316031..966b4b84 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/setting_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/setting_service.go
@@ -3259,6 +3259,84 @@ func (s *SettingService) SetBetaPolicySettings(ctx context.Context, settings *Be
 	return s.settingRepo.Set(ctx, SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings, string(data))
 }
 
+// GetOpenAIFastPolicySettings 获取 OpenAI fast 策略配置
+func (s *SettingService) GetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(ctx context.Context) (*OpenAIFastPolicySettings, error) {
+	value, err := s.settingRepo.GetValue(ctx, SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSettingNotFound) {
+			return DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings(), nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get openai fast policy settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	if value == "" {
+		return DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings(), nil
+	}
+
+	var settings OpenAIFastPolicySettings
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(value), &settings); err != nil {
+		// JSON 损坏时静默 fallback 到默认配置会让策略意外失效（管理员配
+		// 置的 block/filter 规则被忽略）。记录 Warn 让运维能在出现异常
+		// 行为时定位到 settings 表里的脏数据。
+		slog.Warn("failed to unmarshal openai fast policy settings, falling back to defaults",
+			"error", err,
+			"key", SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings)
+		return DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings(), nil
+	}
+
+	return &settings, nil
+}
+
+// SetOpenAIFastPolicySettings 设置 OpenAI fast 策略配置
+func (s *SettingService) SetOpenAIFastPolicySettings(ctx context.Context, settings *OpenAIFastPolicySettings) error {
+	if settings == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("settings cannot be nil")
+	}
+
+	validActions := map[string]bool{
+		BetaPolicyActionPass: true, BetaPolicyActionFilter: true, BetaPolicyActionBlock: true,
+	}
+	validScopes := map[string]bool{
+		BetaPolicyScopeAll: true, BetaPolicyScopeOAuth: true, BetaPolicyScopeAPIKey: true, BetaPolicyScopeBedrock: true,
+	}
+	validTiers := map[string]bool{
+		OpenAIFastTierAny: true, OpenAIFastTierPriority: true, OpenAIFastTierFlex: true,
+	}
+
+	for i, rule := range settings.Rules {
+		tier := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rule.ServiceTier))
+		if tier == "" {
+			tier = OpenAIFastTierAny
+		}
+		if !validTiers[tier] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("rule[%d]: invalid service_tier %q", i, rule.ServiceTier)
+		}
+		settings.Rules[i].ServiceTier = tier
+		if !validActions[rule.Action] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("rule[%d]: invalid action %q", i, rule.Action)
+		}
+		if !validScopes[rule.Scope] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("rule[%d]: invalid scope %q", i, rule.Scope)
+		}
+		for j, pattern := range rule.ModelWhitelist {
+			trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(pattern)
+			if trimmed == "" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("rule[%d]: model_whitelist[%d] cannot be empty", i, j)
+			}
+			settings.Rules[i].ModelWhitelist[j] = trimmed
+		}
+		if rule.FallbackAction != "" && !validActions[rule.FallbackAction] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("rule[%d]: invalid fallback_action %q", i, rule.FallbackAction)
+		}
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal openai fast policy settings: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return s.settingRepo.Set(ctx, SettingKeyOpenAIFastPolicySettings, string(data))
+}
+
 // SetStreamTimeoutSettings 设置流超时处理配置
 func (s *SettingService) SetStreamTimeoutSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *StreamTimeoutSettings) error {
 	if settings == nil {
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/settings_view.go b/backend/internal/service/settings_view.go
index 5ec7d313..c0962ff0 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/settings_view.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/settings_view.go
@@ -405,3 +405,57 @@ func DefaultBetaPolicySettings() *BetaPolicySettings {
 		},
 	}
 }
+
+// OpenAI Fast Policy 策略常量
+// OpenAI 的 "fast 模式" 通过请求体中的 service_tier 字段识别：
+//   - "priority"（客户端可传 "fast"，归一化为 "priority"）：fast 模式
+//   - "flex"：低优先级模式
+//   - 省略：normal 默认
+//
+// 本策略复用 BetaPolicyAction*/BetaPolicyScope* 常量语义，只是匹配键从
+// anthropic-beta header 换成 body 的 service_tier 字段。
+const (
+	OpenAIFastTierAny      = "all"      // 匹配任意已识别的 service_tier
+	OpenAIFastTierPriority = "priority" // 仅匹配 fast（priority）
+	OpenAIFastTierFlex     = "flex"     // 仅匹配 flex
+)
+
+// OpenAIFastPolicyRule 单条 OpenAI fast/flex 策略规则
+type OpenAIFastPolicyRule struct {
+	ServiceTier          string   `json:"service_tier"`                     // "priority" | "flex" | "auto" | "default" | "scale" | "all"
+	Action               string   `json:"action"`                           // "pass" | "filter" | "block"
+	Scope                string   `json:"scope"`                            // "all" | "oauth" | "apikey" | "bedrock"
+	ErrorMessage         string   `json:"error_message,omitempty"`          // 自定义错误消息 (action=block 时生效)
+	ModelWhitelist       []string `json:"model_whitelist,omitempty"`        // 模型匹配模式列表（为空=对所有模型生效）
+	FallbackAction       string   `json:"fallback_action,omitempty"`        // 未匹配白名单的模型的处理方式
+	FallbackErrorMessage string   `json:"fallback_error_message,omitempty"` // 未匹配白名单时的自定义错误消息 (fallback_action=block 时生效)
+}
+
+// OpenAIFastPolicySettings OpenAI fast 策略配置
+type OpenAIFastPolicySettings struct {
+	Rules []OpenAIFastPolicyRule `json:"rules"`
+}
+
+// DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings 返回默认的 OpenAI fast 策略配置。
+// 默认对所有模型的 priority（fast）请求执行 filter，即剔除 service_tier 字段，
+// 让上游按 normal 优先级处理。
+//
+// 为什么 ModelWhitelist 为空（=对所有模型生效）：
+// codex 客户端的 service_tier=fast 是用户级开关，与 model 字段正交。即使
+// 用户使用 gpt-4 + fast，priority 配额仍会被消耗。如果默认规则只锁
+// gpt-5.5*，"用 gpt-4 + fast 透传 priority 上游" 这条路径就会绕过策略。
+// 与 codex 真实语义对齐，默认对所有模型生效；管理员若需要只针对特定
+// 模型，可在 admin UI 中显式配置 model_whitelist。
+func DefaultOpenAIFastPolicySettings() *OpenAIFastPolicySettings {
+	return &OpenAIFastPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []OpenAIFastPolicyRule{
+			{
+				ServiceTier:    OpenAIFastTierPriority,
+				Action:         BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+				Scope:          BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+				ModelWhitelist: []string{},
+				FallbackAction: BetaPolicyActionPass,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/api/admin/settings.ts b/frontend/src/api/admin/settings.ts
index defbab43..e8ab6af5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/api/admin/settings.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api/admin/settings.ts
@@ -484,6 +484,9 @@ export interface SystemSettings {
 
   // Affiliate (邀请返利) feature switch
   affiliate_enabled: boolean;
+
+  // OpenAI fast/flex policy
+  openai_fast_policy_settings?: OpenAIFastPolicySettings;
 }
 
 export interface UpdateSettingsRequest {
@@ -648,6 +651,9 @@ export interface UpdateSettingsRequest {
 
   // Affiliate (邀请返利) feature switch
   affiliate_enabled?: boolean;
+
+  // OpenAI fast/flex policy
+  openai_fast_policy_settings?: OpenAIFastPolicySettings;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -875,6 +881,29 @@ export async function updateRectifierSettings(
   return data;
 }
 
+// ==================== OpenAI Fast Policy Settings ====================
+
+/**
+ * OpenAI fast/flex policy rule interface.
+ * Matches backend dto.OpenAIFastPolicyRule.
+ */
+export interface OpenAIFastPolicyRule {
+  service_tier: "all" | "priority" | "flex";
+  action: "pass" | "filter" | "block";
+  scope: "all" | "oauth" | "apikey" | "bedrock";
+  error_message?: string;
+  model_whitelist?: string[];
+  fallback_action?: "pass" | "filter" | "block";
+  fallback_error_message?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * OpenAI fast/flex policy settings interface.
+ */
+export interface OpenAIFastPolicySettings {
+  rules: OpenAIFastPolicyRule[];
+}
+
 // ==================== Beta Policy Settings ====================
 
 /**
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
index 6f445986..c66ca55b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
@@ -5535,6 +5535,38 @@ export default {
         presetOpusOnlyDesc: 'Pass for Opus, filter others',
         commonPatterns: 'Common patterns'
       },
+      openaiFastPolicy: {
+        title: 'OpenAI Fast/Flex Policy',
+        description: 'Intercept, filter, or pass OpenAI fast(priority) / flex requests based on the request body service_tier field. Applies to the OpenAI gateway only.',
+        empty: 'No rules configured. Click the button below to add one.',
+        ruleHeader: 'Rule #{index}',
+        removeRule: 'Remove rule',
+        addRule: 'Add rule',
+        saveHint: 'Saved together with system settings (click the global Save button at the bottom of the page).',
+        serviceTier: 'service_tier match',
+        tierAll: 'All tiers',
+        tierPriority: 'priority (fast)',
+        tierFlex: 'flex',
+        action: 'Action',
+        actionPass: 'Pass (keep service_tier)',
+        actionFilter: 'Filter (remove service_tier)',
+        actionBlock: 'Block (reject request)',
+        scope: 'Scope',
+        scopeAll: 'All accounts',
+        scopeOAuth: 'OAuth only',
+        scopeAPIKey: 'API Key only',
+        scopeBedrock: 'Bedrock only',
+        errorMessage: 'Error message',
+        errorMessagePlaceholder: 'Custom error message when blocked',
+        errorMessageHint: 'Leave empty for the default message.',
+        modelWhitelist: 'Model whitelist',
+        modelWhitelistHint: 'Leave empty to apply to all models. Supports exact match and wildcard prefix (e.g., gpt-5.5*).',
+        modelPatternPlaceholder: 'e.g., gpt-5.5 or gpt-5.5*',
+        addModelPattern: 'Add model pattern',
+        fallbackAction: 'Fallback action',
+        fallbackActionHint: 'Action for models not matching the whitelist.',
+        fallbackErrorMessagePlaceholder: 'Custom error message when non-whitelisted models are blocked'
+      },
       wechatConnect: {
         title: 'WeChat Connect',
         description: 'Third-party login configuration for WeChat Open Platform or Official Account / Mini Program.',
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
index e399530b..77d1c93c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
@@ -5695,6 +5695,38 @@ export default {
         presetOpusOnlyDesc: 'Opus 透传，其他模型过滤',
         commonPatterns: '常用模式'
       },
+      openaiFastPolicy: {
+        title: 'OpenAI Fast/Flex 策略',
+        description: '基于请求体 service_tier 字段拦截/过滤/透传 OpenAI fast(priority) 与 flex 请求；仅作用于 OpenAI 网关。',
+        empty: '尚未配置任何规则。点击下方按钮新增。',
+        ruleHeader: '规则 #{index}',
+        removeRule: '删除规则',
+        addRule: '新增规则',
+        saveHint: '保存时随系统设置一起提交（点击页面底部「保存」按钮）。',
+        serviceTier: 'service_tier 匹配',
+        tierAll: '全部 tier',
+        tierPriority: 'priority（fast）',
+        tierFlex: 'flex',
+        action: '处理方式',
+        actionPass: '透传（保留 service_tier）',
+        actionFilter: '过滤（移除 service_tier）',
+        actionBlock: '拦截（拒绝请求）',
+        scope: '生效范围',
+        scopeAll: '全部账号',
+        scopeOAuth: '仅 OAuth 账号',
+        scopeAPIKey: '仅 API Key 账号',
+        scopeBedrock: '仅 Bedrock 账号',
+        errorMessage: '错误消息',
+        errorMessagePlaceholder: '拦截时返回的自定义错误消息',
+        errorMessageHint: '留空则使用默认错误消息。',
+        modelWhitelist: '模型白名单',
+        modelWhitelistHint: '留空表示对所有模型生效；支持精确匹配与通配符（如 gpt-5.5*）。',
+        modelPatternPlaceholder: '例如: gpt-5.5 或 gpt-5.5*',
+        addModelPattern: '添加模型规则',
+        fallbackAction: '未匹配模型处理方式',
+        fallbackActionHint: '当请求模型不在白名单中时的处理方式。',
+        fallbackErrorMessagePlaceholder: '未匹配模型被拦截时返回的自定义错误消息'
+      },
       wechatConnect: {
         title: '微信登录',
         description: '用于微信开放平台或公众号/小程序的第三方登录配置。',
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue
index 90d10b9a..ad0587b8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue
@@ -949,6 +949,285 @@
               </template>
             </div>
           </div>
+          <!-- OpenAI Fast/Flex Policy Settings -->
+          <div class="card">
+            <div
+              class="border-b border-gray-100 px-6 py-4 dark:border-dark-700"
+            >
+              <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
+                {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.title") }}
+              </h2>
+              <p class="mt-1 text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.description") }}
+              </p>
+            </div>
+            <div class="space-y-5 p-6">
+              <!-- Empty state -->
+              <div
+                v-if="openaiFastPolicyForm.rules.length === 0"
+                class="rounded-lg border border-dashed border-gray-200 p-6 text-center text-sm text-gray-500 dark:border-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+              >
+                {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.empty") }}
+              </div>
+
+              <!-- Rule Cards -->
+              <div
+                v-for="(rule, ruleIndex) in openaiFastPolicyForm.rules"
+                :key="ruleIndex"
+                class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 p-4 dark:border-dark-600"
+              >
+                <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+                  <span
+                    class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white"
+                  >
+                    {{
+                      t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.ruleHeader", {
+                        index: ruleIndex + 1,
+                      })
+                    }}
+                  </span>
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    @click="removeOpenAIFastPolicyRule(ruleIndex)"
+                    class="rounded p-1 text-red-400 transition-colors hover:bg-red-50 hover:text-red-600 dark:hover:bg-red-900/20"
+                    :title="t('admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.removeRule')"
+                  >
+                    <svg
+                      class="h-4 w-4"
+                      fill="none"
+                      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                      stroke="currentColor"
+                      stroke-width="2"
+                    >
+                      <path
+                        stroke-linecap="round"
+                        stroke-linejoin="round"
+                        d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12"
+                      />
+                    </svg>
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+
+                <div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-3">
+                  <!-- Service Tier -->
+                  <div>
+                    <label
+                      class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+                    >
+                      {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.serviceTier") }}
+                    </label>
+                    <Select
+                      :modelValue="rule.service_tier"
+                      @update:modelValue="
+                        rule.service_tier = $event as
+                          | 'all'
+                          | 'priority'
+                          | 'flex'
+                      "
+                      :options="openaiFastPolicyTierOptions"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+
+                  <!-- Action -->
+                  <div>
+                    <label
+                      class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+                    >
+                      {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.action") }}
+                    </label>
+                    <Select
+                      :modelValue="rule.action"
+                      @update:modelValue="
+                        rule.action = $event as 'pass' | 'filter' | 'block'
+                      "
+                      :options="openaiFastPolicyActionOptions"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+
+                  <!-- Scope -->
+                  <div>
+                    <label
+                      class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+                    >
+                      {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.scope") }}
+                    </label>
+                    <Select
+                      :modelValue="rule.scope"
+                      @update:modelValue="
+                        rule.scope = $event as
+                          | 'all'
+                          | 'oauth'
+                          | 'apikey'
+                          | 'bedrock'
+                      "
+                      :options="openaiFastPolicyScopeOptions"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                <!-- Error Message (only when action=block) -->
+                <div v-if="rule.action === 'block'" class="mt-3">
+                  <label
+                    class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+                  >
+                    {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.errorMessage") }}
+                  </label>
+                  <input
+                    v-model="rule.error_message"
+                    type="text"
+                    class="input"
+                    :placeholder="
+                      t(
+                        'admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.errorMessagePlaceholder',
+                      )
+                    "
+                  />
+                  <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
+                    {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.errorMessageHint") }}
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+
+                <!-- Model Whitelist -->
+                <div class="mt-3">
+                  <label
+                    class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+                  >
+                    {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.modelWhitelist") }}
+                  </label>
+                  <p class="mb-2 text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
+                    {{
+                      t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.modelWhitelistHint")
+                    }}
+                  </p>
+                  <div
+                    v-for="(_, patternIdx) in rule.model_whitelist || []"
+                    :key="patternIdx"
+                    class="mb-1.5 flex items-center gap-2"
+                  >
+                    <input
+                      v-model="rule.model_whitelist![patternIdx]"
+                      type="text"
+                      class="input input-sm flex-1"
+                      :placeholder="
+                        t(
+                          'admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.modelPatternPlaceholder',
+                        )
+                      "
+                    />
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      @click="
+                        removeOpenAIFastPolicyModelPattern(rule, patternIdx)
+                      "
+                      class="shrink-0 rounded p-1 text-red-400 transition-colors hover:bg-red-50 hover:text-red-600 dark:hover:bg-red-900/20"
+                    >
+                      <svg
+                        class="h-4 w-4"
+                        fill="none"
+                        viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                        stroke="currentColor"
+                        stroke-width="2"
+                      >
+                        <path
+                          stroke-linecap="round"
+                          stroke-linejoin="round"
+                          d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12"
+                        />
+                      </svg>
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    @click="addOpenAIFastPolicyModelPattern(rule)"
+                    class="mb-2 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-primary-600 transition-colors hover:text-primary-700 dark:text-primary-400 dark:hover:text-primary-300"
+                  >
+                    <svg
+                      class="h-3.5 w-3.5"
+                      fill="none"
+                      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                      stroke="currentColor"
+                      stroke-width="2"
+                    >
+                      <path
+                        stroke-linecap="round"
+                        stroke-linejoin="round"
+                        d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"
+                      />
+                    </svg>
+                    {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.addModelPattern") }}
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+
+                <!-- Fallback Action (only when model_whitelist is non-empty) -->
+                <div
+                  v-if="
+                    rule.model_whitelist && rule.model_whitelist.length > 0
+                  "
+                  class="mt-3"
+                >
+                  <label
+                    class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+                  >
+                    {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.fallbackAction") }}
+                  </label>
+                  <Select
+                    :modelValue="rule.fallback_action || 'pass'"
+                    @update:modelValue="
+                      rule.fallback_action = $event as
+                        | 'pass'
+                        | 'filter'
+                        | 'block'
+                    "
+                    :options="openaiFastPolicyActionOptions"
+                  />
+                  <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
+                    {{
+                      t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.fallbackActionHint")
+                    }}
+                  </p>
+                  <div v-if="rule.fallback_action === 'block'" class="mt-2">
+                    <input
+                      v-model="rule.fallback_error_message"
+                      type="text"
+                      class="input"
+                      :placeholder="
+                        t(
+                          'admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.fallbackErrorMessagePlaceholder',
+                        )
+                      "
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <!-- Add Rule Button -->
+              <div>
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  @click="addOpenAIFastPolicyRule"
+                  class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm inline-flex items-center gap-1"
+                >
+                  <svg
+                    class="h-4 w-4"
+                    fill="none"
+                    viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                    stroke="currentColor"
+                    stroke-width="2"
+                  >
+                    <path
+                      stroke-linecap="round"
+                      stroke-linejoin="round"
+                      d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"
+                    />
+                  </svg>
+                  {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.addRule") }}
+                </button>
+                <p class="mt-2 text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
+                  {{ t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.saveHint") }}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
         </div>
         <!-- /Tab: Gateway -->
 
@@ -5199,6 +5478,7 @@ import type {
   SystemSettings,
   UpdateSettingsRequest,
   DefaultSubscriptionSetting,
+  OpenAIFastPolicyRule,
   WeChatConnectMode,
   WebSearchEmulationConfig,
   WebSearchProviderConfig,
@@ -5337,6 +5617,14 @@ const betaPolicyForm = reactive({
   }>,
 });
 
+// OpenAI Fast/Flex Policy 状态
+const openaiFastPolicyForm = reactive({
+  rules: [] as OpenAIFastPolicyRule[],
+});
+// 标记 openai_fast_policy_settings 是否已成功从后端加载，
+// 避免后端 GET 出错或字段缺失时，保存把默认规则覆盖成空数组。
+const openaiFastPolicyLoaded = ref(false);
+
 const tablePageSizeMin = 5;
 const tablePageSizeMax = 1000;
 const tablePageSizeDefault = 20;
@@ -6116,6 +6404,23 @@ async function loadSettings() {
     );
     form.oidc_connect_client_secret = "";
 
+    // Load OpenAI fast/flex policy rules from bulk settings.
+    // 仅当 payload 真的包含该字段时填充并标记为已加载；否则保持表单空值，
+    // 让 saveSettings 在未加载时跳过该字段，防止覆盖后端默认规则。
+    if (
+      settings.openai_fast_policy_settings &&
+      Array.isArray(settings.openai_fast_policy_settings.rules)
+    ) {
+      openaiFastPolicyForm.rules =
+        settings.openai_fast_policy_settings.rules.map((rule) => ({
+          ...rule,
+          model_whitelist: rule.model_whitelist
+            ? [...rule.model_whitelist]
+            : [],
+        }));
+      openaiFastPolicyLoaded.value = true;
+    }
+
     // Load web search emulation config separately
     await loadWebSearchConfig();
   } catch (error: unknown) {
@@ -6460,10 +6765,39 @@ async function saveSettings() {
       affiliate_enabled: form.affiliate_enabled,
     };
 
+    // 仅当 openai_fast_policy_settings 已成功从后端加载时才回写，
+    // 否则省略整个字段，让后端保留既有规则（含默认值）。
+    if (openaiFastPolicyLoaded.value) {
+      payload.openai_fast_policy_settings = {
+        rules: openaiFastPolicyForm.rules.map((rule) => {
+          const whitelist = (rule.model_whitelist || [])
+            .map((p) => p.trim())
+            .filter((p) => p !== "");
+          const hasWhitelist = whitelist.length > 0;
+          return {
+            service_tier: rule.service_tier,
+            action: rule.action,
+            scope: rule.scope,
+            error_message:
+              rule.action === "block" ? rule.error_message : undefined,
+            model_whitelist: hasWhitelist ? whitelist : undefined,
+            fallback_action: hasWhitelist
+              ? rule.fallback_action || "pass"
+              : undefined,
+            fallback_error_message:
+              hasWhitelist && rule.fallback_action === "block"
+                ? rule.fallback_error_message
+                : undefined,
+          };
+        }),
+      };
+    }
+
     appendAuthSourceDefaultsToUpdateRequest(payload, authSourceDefaults);
 
     const updated = await adminAPI.settings.updateSettings(payload);
     for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(updated)) {
+      if (key === "openai_fast_policy_settings") continue;
       if (value !== null && value !== undefined) {
         (form as Record<string, unknown>)[key] = value;
       }
@@ -6507,6 +6841,20 @@ async function saveSettings() {
       form.wechat_connect_mode,
     );
     form.oidc_connect_client_secret = "";
+    // Refresh OpenAI fast/flex policy from server response
+    if (
+      updated.openai_fast_policy_settings &&
+      Array.isArray(updated.openai_fast_policy_settings.rules)
+    ) {
+      openaiFastPolicyForm.rules =
+        updated.openai_fast_policy_settings.rules.map((rule) => ({
+          ...rule,
+          model_whitelist: rule.model_whitelist
+            ? [...rule.model_whitelist]
+            : [],
+        }));
+      openaiFastPolicyLoaded.value = true;
+    }
     // Save web search emulation config separately (errors handled internally)
     const wsOk = await saveWebSearchConfig();
     // Refresh cached settings so sidebar/header update immediately
@@ -6846,6 +7194,61 @@ async function loadBetaPolicySettings() {
   }
 }
 
+// ==================== OpenAI Fast/Flex Policy ====================
+
+const openaiFastPolicyTierOptions = computed(() => [
+  { value: "all", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.tierAll") },
+  {
+    value: "priority",
+    label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.tierPriority"),
+  },
+  { value: "flex", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.tierFlex") },
+]);
+
+const openaiFastPolicyActionOptions = computed(() => [
+  { value: "pass", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.actionPass") },
+  { value: "filter", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.actionFilter") },
+  { value: "block", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.actionBlock") },
+]);
+
+const openaiFastPolicyScopeOptions = computed(() => [
+  { value: "all", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.scopeAll") },
+  { value: "oauth", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.scopeOAuth") },
+  { value: "apikey", label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.scopeAPIKey") },
+  {
+    value: "bedrock",
+    label: t("admin.settings.openaiFastPolicy.scopeBedrock"),
+  },
+]);
+
+function addOpenAIFastPolicyRule() {
+  openaiFastPolicyForm.rules.push({
+    service_tier: "priority",
+    action: "filter",
+    scope: "all",
+    error_message: "",
+    model_whitelist: [],
+    fallback_action: "pass",
+    fallback_error_message: "",
+  });
+}
+
+function removeOpenAIFastPolicyRule(index: number) {
+  openaiFastPolicyForm.rules.splice(index, 1);
+}
+
+function addOpenAIFastPolicyModelPattern(rule: OpenAIFastPolicyRule) {
+  if (!rule.model_whitelist) rule.model_whitelist = [];
+  rule.model_whitelist.push("");
+}
+
+function removeOpenAIFastPolicyModelPattern(
+  rule: OpenAIFastPolicyRule,
+  idx: number,
+) {
+  rule.model_whitelist?.splice(idx, 1);
+}
+
 async function saveBetaPolicySettings() {
   betaPolicySaving.value = true;
   try {