diff --git a/backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go b/backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go
index 6be19ba6..911bc6fc 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go
@@ -7041,6 +7041,20 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 					sendErrorEvent("response_too_large")
 					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, ev.err
 				}
+				// 上游中途读错误（unexpected EOF / connection reset 等，常见于 HTTP/2 GOAWAY）：
+				// 若尚未向客户端写过任何字节，包成 UpstreamFailoverError 让 handler 层走 failover/重试。
+				// 已经开始写流时 SSE 协议无 resume，只能透传错误事件给客户端。
+				if !c.Writer.Written() {
+					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Upstream stream read error before any client output (account=%d), failing over: %v", account.ID, ev.err)
+					body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+						"error": fmt.Sprintf("upstream stream disconnected: %s", ev.err),
+					})
+					return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+						StatusCode:             http.StatusBadGateway,
+						ResponseBody:           body,
+						RetryableOnSameAccount: true,
+					}
+				}
 				sendErrorEvent("stream_read_error")
 				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream read error: %w", ev.err)
 			}
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/gateway_streaming_test.go b/backend/internal/service/gateway_streaming_test.go
index b1584827..389831fa 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/gateway_streaming_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/gateway_streaming_test.go
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -218,3 +220,71 @@ func TestHandleStreamingResponse_SpecialCharactersInJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	body := rec.Body.String()
 	require.Contains(t, body, "content_block_delta", "响应应包含转发的 SSE 事件")
 }
+
+// 上游中途读错误（如 HTTP/2 GOAWAY 触发的 unexpected EOF）发生在向客户端写入任何字节前：
+// 网关应返回 *UpstreamFailoverError 触发账号 failover/重试，而不是把错误事件直接发给客户端。
+func TestHandleStreamingResponse_StreamReadErrorBeforeOutput_TriggersFailover(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	svc := newMinimalGatewayService()
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", nil)
+
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}},
+		Body:       &streamReadCloser{err: io.ErrUnexpectedEOF},
+	}
+
+	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model", false)
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, result, "失败移交场景下不应返回 streamingResult")
+
+	var failoverErr *UpstreamFailoverError
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &failoverErr), "未输出过字节时 stream read error 必须包成 UpstreamFailoverError，期望: %v", err)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadGateway, failoverErr.StatusCode)
+	require.True(t, failoverErr.RetryableOnSameAccount, "GOAWAY 类错误应允许同账号重试")
+	require.Contains(t, string(failoverErr.ResponseBody), "upstream stream disconnected")
+
+	// 客户端应收不到任何 stream_read_error 事件，由 handler 层根据 failover 结果再决定
+	require.NotContains(t, rec.Body.String(), "stream_read_error")
+}
+
+// 上游已经发送过事件（c.Writer 已写过字节）后再发生读错误：
+// SSE 协议无 resume，网关只能透传 stream_read_error 错误事件给客户端，不能 failover。
+func TestHandleStreamingResponse_StreamReadErrorAfterOutput_PassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	svc := newMinimalGatewayService()
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", nil)
+
+	// 第一次 Read 返回完整 SSE 事件让网关向 client 写入字节，第二次 Read 返回 EOF
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}},
+		Body: &streamReadCloser{
+			payload: []byte("data: {\"type\":\"message_start\",\"message\":{\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":5}}}\n\n"),
+			err:     io.ErrUnexpectedEOF,
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model", false)
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "stream read error", "已开始流后应透传普通 stream read error")
+	require.NotNil(t, result, "透传场景下应返回已收集的 streamingResult")
+
+	// 不应被错误地包成 failover error
+	var failoverErr *UpstreamFailoverError
+	require.False(t, errors.As(err, &failoverErr), "已经向客户端写过字节时不能再 failover")
+
+	// 客户端必须收到 stream_read_error 事件
+	body := rec.Body.String()
+	require.True(t,
+		strings.Contains(body, "stream_read_error"),
+		"已开始流后必须发送 stream_read_error 事件给客户端，实际响应: %q", body)
+}