perf(frontend): add virtual scrolling to DataTable

Replace direct row rendering with @tanstack/vue-virtual. The table
now only renders visible rows (~20) via padding <tr> placeholders,
eliminating the rendering bottleneck when displaying 100+ rows with
heavy cell components.

Key changes:
- DataTable.vue: integrate useVirtualizer (always-on), virtual row
  template with measureElement for variable row heights, defineExpose
  virtualizer/sortedData for external access, overflow-y/flex CSS
- useSwipeSelect.ts: dual-mode support via optional
  SwipeSelectVirtualContext — data-driven row index lookup and
  selection range when virtualizer is present, original DOM-based
  path preserved for callers that don't pass virtualContext

frontend/package.json

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@lobehub/icons": "^4.0.2",
+    "@tanstack/vue-virtual": "^3.13.23",
     "@vueuse/core": "^10.7.0",
     "axios": "^1.13.5",
     "chart.js": "^4.4.1",

frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ importers:
       '@lobehub/icons':
         specifier: ^4.0.2
         version: 4.0.2(@lobehub/ui@4.9.2)(@types/react@19.2.7)(antd@6.1.3(react-dom@19.2.3(react@19.2.3))(react@19.2.3))(react-dom@19.2.3(react@19.2.3))(react@19.2.3)
+      '@tanstack/vue-virtual':
+        specifier: ^3.13.23
+        version: 3.13.23(vue@3.5.26(typescript@5.6.3))
       '@vueuse/core':
         specifier: ^10.7.0
         version: 10.11.1(vue@3.5.26(typescript@5.6.3))
@@ -1376,6 +1379,14 @@ packages:
     peerDependencies:
       react: '>= 16.3.0'
 
+  '@tanstack/virtual-core@3.13.23':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-zSz2Z2HNyLjCplANTDyl3BcdQJc2k1+yyFoKhNRmCr7V7dY8o8q5m8uFTI1/Pg1kL+Hgrz6u3Xo6eFUB7l66cg==}
+
+  '@tanstack/vue-virtual@3.13.23':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-b5jPluAR6U3eOq6GWAYSpj3ugnAIZgGR0e6aGAgyRse0Yu6MVQQ0ZWm9SArSXWtageogn6bkVD8D//c4IjW3xQ==}
+    peerDependencies:
+      vue: ^2.7.0 || ^3.0.0
+
   '@types/d3-array@3.2.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-hOLWVbm7uRza0BYXpIIW5pxfrKe0W+D5lrFiAEYR+pb6w3N2SwSMaJbXdUfSEv+dT4MfHBLtn5js0LAWaO6otw==}
 
@@ -5808,6 +5819,13 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       react: 19.2.3
 
+  '@tanstack/virtual-core@3.13.23': {}
+
+  '@tanstack/vue-virtual@3.13.23(vue@3.5.26(typescript@5.6.3))':
+    dependencies:
+      '@tanstack/virtual-core': 3.13.23
+      vue: 3.5.26(typescript@5.6.3)
+
   '@types/d3-array@3.2.2': {}
 
   '@types/d3-axis@3.0.6':

frontend/src/components/common/DataTable.vue

@@ -147,28 +147,46 @@
           </td>
         </tr>
 
-        <!-- Data rows -->
+        <!-- Data rows (virtual scroll) -->
-        <tr
+        <template v-else>
-          v-else
+          <tr v-if="virtualPaddingTop > 0" aria-hidden="true">
-          v-for="(row, index) in sortedData"
+            <td :colspan="columns.length"
-          :key="resolveRowKey(row, index)"
+                :style="{ height: virtualPaddingTop + 'px', padding: 0, border: 'none' }">
-          :data-row-id="resolveRowKey(row, index)"
+            </td>
-          class="hover:bg-gray-50 dark:hover:bg-dark-800"
+          </tr>
-        >
+          <tr
-          <td
+            v-for="virtualRow in virtualItems"
-            v-for="(column, colIndex) in columns"
+            :key="resolveRowKey(sortedData[virtualRow.index], virtualRow.index)"
-            :key="column.key"
+            :data-row-id="resolveRowKey(sortedData[virtualRow.index], virtualRow.index)"
-            :class="[
+            :data-index="virtualRow.index"
-              'whitespace-nowrap py-4 text-sm text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100',
+            :ref="measureElement"
-              getAdaptivePaddingClass(),
+            class="hover:bg-gray-50 dark:hover:bg-dark-800"
-              getStickyColumnClass(column, colIndex)
-            ]"
           >
-            <slot :name="`cell-${column.key}`" :row="row" :value="row[column.key]" :expanded="actionsExpanded">
+            <td
-              {{ column.formatter ? column.formatter(row[column.key], row) : row[column.key] }}
+              v-for="(column, colIndex) in columns"
-            </slot>
+              :key="column.key"
-          </td>
+              :class="[
-        </tr>
+                'whitespace-nowrap py-4 text-sm text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100',
+                getAdaptivePaddingClass(),
+                getStickyColumnClass(column, colIndex)
+              ]"
+            >
+              <slot :name="`cell-${column.key}`"
+                    :row="sortedData[virtualRow.index]"
+                    :value="sortedData[virtualRow.index][column.key]"
+                    :expanded="actionsExpanded">
+                {{ column.formatter
+                   ? column.formatter(sortedData[virtualRow.index][column.key], sortedData[virtualRow.index])
+                   : sortedData[virtualRow.index][column.key] }}
+              </slot>
+            </td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr v-if="virtualPaddingBottom > 0" aria-hidden="true">
+            <td :colspan="columns.length"
+                :style="{ height: virtualPaddingBottom + 'px', padding: 0, border: 'none' }">
+            </td>
+          </tr>
+        </template>
       </tbody>
     </table>
   </div>
@@ -176,6 +194,7 @@
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed, ref, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
+import { useVirtualizer } from '@tanstack/vue-virtual'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import type { Column } from './types'
 import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
@@ -299,6 +318,10 @@ interface Props {
    * will emit 'sort' events instead of performing client-side sorting.
    */
   serverSideSort?: boolean
+  /** Estimated row height in px for the virtualizer (default 56) */
+  estimateRowHeight?: number
+  /** Number of rows to render beyond the visible area (default 5) */
+  overscan?: number
 }
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
@@ -499,6 +522,33 @@ const sortedData = computed(() => {
     .map(item => item.row)
 })
 
+// --- Virtual scrolling ---
+const rowVirtualizer = useVirtualizer(computed(() => ({
+  count: sortedData.value?.length ?? 0,
+  getScrollElement: () => tableWrapperRef.value,
+  estimateSize: () => props.estimateRowHeight ?? 56,
+  overscan: props.overscan ?? 5,
+})))
+
+const virtualItems = computed(() => rowVirtualizer.value.getVirtualItems())
+
+const virtualPaddingTop = computed(() => {
+  const items = virtualItems.value
+  return items.length > 0 ? items[0].start : 0
+})
+
+const virtualPaddingBottom = computed(() => {
+  const items = virtualItems.value
+  if (items.length === 0) return 0
+  return rowVirtualizer.value.getTotalSize() - items[items.length - 1].end
+})
+
+const measureElement = (el: any) => {
+  if (el) {
+    rowVirtualizer.value.measureElement(el as Element)
+  }
+}
+
 const hasActionsColumn = computed(() => {
   return props.columns.some(column => column.key === 'actions')
 })
@@ -595,6 +645,13 @@ watch(
   },
   { flush: 'post' }
 )
+
+defineExpose({
+  virtualizer: rowVirtualizer,
+  sortedData,
+  resolveRowKey,
+  tableWrapperEl: tableWrapperRef,
+})
 </script>
 
 <style scoped>
@@ -603,6 +660,9 @@ watch(
   --select-col-width: 52px; /* 勾选列宽度：px-6 (24px*2) + checkbox (16px) */
   position: relative;
   overflow-x: auto;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
   isolation: isolate;
 }
 

frontend/src/composables/useSwipeSelect.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted, type Ref } from 'vue'
+import type { Virtualizer } from '@tanstack/vue-virtual'
 
 /**
  * WeChat-style swipe/drag to select rows in a DataTable,
@@ -25,11 +26,22 @@ export interface SwipeSelectAdapter {
   isSelected: (id: number) => boolean
   select: (id: number) => void
   deselect: (id: number) => void
+  batchUpdate?: (updater: (draft: Set<number>) => void) => void
+}
+
+export interface SwipeSelectVirtualContext {
+  /** Get the virtualizer instance */
+  getVirtualizer: () => Virtualizer<HTMLElement, Element> | null
+  /** Get all sorted data */
+  getSortedData: () => any[]
+  /** Get row ID from data row */
+  getRowId: (row: any, index: number) => number
 }
 
 export function useSwipeSelect(
   containerRef: Ref<HTMLElement | null>,
-  adapter: SwipeSelectAdapter
+  adapter: SwipeSelectAdapter,
+  virtualContext?: SwipeSelectVirtualContext
 ) {
   const isDragging = ref(false)
 
@@ -95,6 +107,32 @@ export function useSwipeSelect(
     return (clientY - rHi.bottom < rLo.top - clientY) ? hi : lo
   }
 
+  /** Virtual mode: find row index from Y coordinate using virtualizer data */
+  function findRowIndexAtYVirtual(clientY: number): number {
+    const virt = virtualContext!.getVirtualizer()
+    if (!virt) return -1
+    const scrollEl = virt.scrollElement
+    if (!scrollEl) return -1
+
+    const scrollRect = scrollEl.getBoundingClientRect()
+    const thead = scrollEl.querySelector('thead')
+    const theadHeight = thead ? thead.getBoundingClientRect().height : 0
+    const contentY = clientY - scrollRect.top - theadHeight + scrollEl.scrollTop
+
+    // Search in rendered virtualItems first
+    const items = virt.getVirtualItems()
+    for (const item of items) {
+      if (contentY >= item.start && contentY < item.end) return item.index
+    }
+
+    // Outside visible range: estimate
+    const totalCount = virtualContext!.getSortedData().length
+    if (totalCount === 0) return -1
+    const est = virt.options.estimateSize(0)
+    const guess = Math.floor(contentY / est)
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(totalCount - 1, guess))
+  }
+
   // --- Prevent text selection via selectstart (no body style mutation) ---
   function onSelectStart(e: Event) { e.preventDefault() }
 
@@ -140,16 +178,68 @@ export function useSwipeSelect(
     const lo = Math.min(rangeMin, prevMin)
     const hi = Math.max(rangeMax, prevMax)
 
-    for (let i = lo; i <= hi && i < cachedRows.length; i++) {
+    if (adapter.batchUpdate) {
-      const id = getRowId(cachedRows[i])
+      adapter.batchUpdate((draft) => {
-      if (id === null) continue
+        for (let i = lo; i <= hi && i < cachedRows.length; i++) {
-      if (i >= rangeMin && i <= rangeMax) {
+          const id = getRowId(cachedRows[i])
-        if (dragMode === 'select') adapter.select(id)
+          if (id === null) continue
-        else adapter.deselect(id)
+          const shouldBeSelected = (i >= rangeMin && i <= rangeMax)
-      } else {
+            ? (dragMode === 'select')
-        const wasSelected = initialSelectedSnapshot.get(id) ?? false
+            : (initialSelectedSnapshot.get(id) ?? false)
-        if (wasSelected) adapter.select(id)
+          if (shouldBeSelected) draft.add(id)
-        else adapter.deselect(id)
+          else draft.delete(id)
+        }
+      })
+    } else {
+      for (let i = lo; i <= hi && i < cachedRows.length; i++) {
+        const id = getRowId(cachedRows[i])
+        if (id === null) continue
+        if (i >= rangeMin && i <= rangeMax) {
+          if (dragMode === 'select') adapter.select(id)
+          else adapter.deselect(id)
+        } else {
+          const wasSelected = initialSelectedSnapshot.get(id) ?? false
+          if (wasSelected) adapter.select(id)
+          else adapter.deselect(id)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    lastEndIndex = endIndex
+  }
+
+  /** Virtual mode: apply selection range using data array instead of DOM */
+  function applyRangeVirtual(endIndex: number) {
+    if (startRowIndex < 0 || endIndex < 0) return
+    const rangeMin = Math.min(startRowIndex, endIndex)
+    const rangeMax = Math.max(startRowIndex, endIndex)
+    const prevMin = lastEndIndex >= 0 ? Math.min(startRowIndex, lastEndIndex) : rangeMin
+    const prevMax = lastEndIndex >= 0 ? Math.max(startRowIndex, lastEndIndex) : rangeMax
+    const lo = Math.min(rangeMin, prevMin)
+    const hi = Math.max(rangeMax, prevMax)
+    const data = virtualContext!.getSortedData()
+
+    if (adapter.batchUpdate) {
+      adapter.batchUpdate((draft) => {
+        for (let i = lo; i <= hi && i < data.length; i++) {
+          const id = virtualContext!.getRowId(data[i], i)
+          const shouldBeSelected = (i >= rangeMin && i <= rangeMax)
+            ? (dragMode === 'select')
+            : (initialSelectedSnapshot.get(id) ?? false)
+          if (shouldBeSelected) draft.add(id)
+          else draft.delete(id)
+        }
+      })
+    } else {
+      for (let i = lo; i <= hi && i < data.length; i++) {
+        const id = virtualContext!.getRowId(data[i], i)
+        if (i >= rangeMin && i <= rangeMax) {
+          if (dragMode === 'select') adapter.select(id)
+          else adapter.deselect(id)
+        } else {
+          const wasSelected = initialSelectedSnapshot.get(id) ?? false
+          if (wasSelected) adapter.select(id)
+          else adapter.deselect(id)
+        }
       }
     }
     lastEndIndex = endIndex
@@ -234,8 +324,14 @@ export function useSwipeSelect(
     if (shouldPreferNativeTextSelection(target)) return
     if (shouldPreferNativeSelectionOutsideRows(target)) return
 
-    cachedRows = getDataRows()
+    if (virtualContext) {
-    if (cachedRows.length === 0) return
+      // Virtual mode: check data availability instead of DOM rows
+      const data = virtualContext.getSortedData()
+      if (data.length === 0) return
+    } else {
+      cachedRows = getDataRows()
+      if (cachedRows.length === 0) return
+    }
 
     pendingStartY = e.clientY
     // Prevent text selection as soon as the mouse is down,
@@ -253,13 +349,19 @@ export function useSwipeSelect(
     document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onThresholdMove)
     document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onThresholdUp)
 
-    beginDrag(pendingStartY)
+    if (virtualContext) {
+      beginDragVirtual(pendingStartY)
+    } else {
+      beginDrag(pendingStartY)
+    }
 
     // Process the move that crossed the threshold
     lastMouseY = e.clientY
     updateMarquee(e.clientY)
-    const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(e.clientY)
+    const findIdx = virtualContext ? findRowIndexAtYVirtual : findRowIndexAtY
-    if (rowIdx >= 0) applyRange(rowIdx)
+    const apply = virtualContext ? applyRangeVirtual : applyRange
+    const rowIdx = findIdx(e.clientY)
+    if (rowIdx >= 0) apply(rowIdx)
     autoScroll(e)
 
     document.addEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove)
@@ -306,22 +408,62 @@ export function useSwipeSelect(
     window.getSelection()?.removeAllRanges()
   }
 
+  /** Virtual mode: begin drag using data array */
+  function beginDragVirtual(clientY: number) {
+    startRowIndex = findRowIndexAtYVirtual(clientY)
+    const data = virtualContext!.getSortedData()
+    const startRowId = startRowIndex >= 0 && startRowIndex < data.length
+      ? virtualContext!.getRowId(data[startRowIndex], startRowIndex)
+      : null
+    dragMode = (startRowId !== null && adapter.isSelected(startRowId)) ? 'deselect' : 'select'
+
+    // Build full snapshot from all data rows
+    initialSelectedSnapshot = new Map()
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+      const id = virtualContext!.getRowId(data[i], i)
+      initialSelectedSnapshot.set(id, adapter.isSelected(id))
+    }
+
+    isDragging.value = true
+    startY = clientY
+    lastMouseY = clientY
+    lastEndIndex = -1
+
+    // In virtual mode, scroll parent is the virtualizer's scroll element
+    const virt = virtualContext!.getVirtualizer()
+    cachedScrollParent = virt?.scrollElement ?? (containerRef.value ? getScrollParent(containerRef.value) : null)
+
+    createMarquee()
+    updateMarquee(clientY)
+    applyRangeVirtual(startRowIndex)
+    window.getSelection()?.removeAllRanges()
+  }
+
+  let moveRAF = 0
+
   function onMouseMove(e: MouseEvent) {
     if (!isDragging.value) return
     lastMouseY = e.clientY
-    updateMarquee(e.clientY)
+    const findIdx = virtualContext ? findRowIndexAtYVirtual : findRowIndexAtY
-    const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(e.clientY)
+    const apply = virtualContext ? applyRangeVirtual : applyRange
-    if (rowIdx >= 0 && rowIdx !== lastEndIndex) applyRange(rowIdx)
+    cancelAnimationFrame(moveRAF)
+    moveRAF = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      updateMarquee(lastMouseY)
+      const rowIdx = findIdx(lastMouseY)
+      if (rowIdx >= 0 && rowIdx !== lastEndIndex) apply(rowIdx)
+    })
     autoScroll(e)
   }
 
   function onWheel() {
     if (!isDragging.value) return
+    const findIdx = virtualContext ? findRowIndexAtYVirtual : findRowIndexAtY
+    const apply = virtualContext ? applyRangeVirtual : applyRange
     // After wheel scroll, rows shift in viewport — re-check selection
     requestAnimationFrame(() => {
       if (!isDragging.value) return // guard: drag may have ended before this frame
-      const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(lastMouseY)
+      const rowIdx = findIdx(lastMouseY)
-      if (rowIdx >= 0) applyRange(rowIdx)
+      if (rowIdx >= 0) apply(rowIdx)
     })
   }
 
@@ -332,6 +474,7 @@ export function useSwipeSelect(
     cachedRows = []
     initialSelectedSnapshot.clear()
     cachedScrollParent = null
+    cancelAnimationFrame(moveRAF)
     stopAutoScroll()
     removeMarquee()
     document.removeEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStart)
@@ -372,13 +515,15 @@ export function useSwipeSelect(
     }
 
     if (dy !== 0) {
+      const findIdx = virtualContext ? findRowIndexAtYVirtual : findRowIndexAtY
+      const apply = virtualContext ? applyRangeVirtual : applyRange
       const step = () => {
         const prevScrollTop = scrollEl.scrollTop
         scrollEl.scrollTop += dy
         // Only re-check selection if scroll actually moved
         if (scrollEl.scrollTop !== prevScrollTop) {
-          const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(lastMouseY)
+          const rowIdx = findIdx(lastMouseY)
-          if (rowIdx >= 0 && rowIdx !== lastEndIndex) applyRange(rowIdx)
+          if (rowIdx >= 0 && rowIdx !== lastEndIndex) apply(rowIdx)
         }
         scrollRAF = requestAnimationFrame(step)
       }