Merge branch 'main' into release/custom-0.1.91

# Conflicts:
#	frontend/src/components/admin/account/AccountActionMenu.vue
#	frontend/src/views/admin/AccountsView.vue

backend/cmd/server/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.1.88
+0.1.90.9

backend/ent/account.go

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ type Account struct {
 	ProxyID *int64 `json:"proxy_id,omitempty"`
 	// Concurrency holds the value of the "concurrency" field.
 	Concurrency int `json:"concurrency,omitempty"`
+	// LoadFactor holds the value of the "load_factor" field.
+	LoadFactor *int `json:"load_factor,omitempty"`
 	// Priority holds the value of the "priority" field.
 	Priority int `json:"priority,omitempty"`
 	// RateMultiplier holds the value of the "rate_multiplier" field.
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ func (*Account) scanValues(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullBool)
 		case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullFloat64)
-		case account.FieldID, account.FieldProxyID, account.FieldConcurrency, account.FieldPriority:
+		case account.FieldID, account.FieldProxyID, account.FieldConcurrency, account.FieldLoadFactor, account.FieldPriority:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullInt64)
 		case account.FieldName, account.FieldNotes, account.FieldPlatform, account.FieldType, account.FieldStatus, account.FieldErrorMessage, account.FieldTempUnschedulableReason, account.FieldSessionWindowStatus:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullString)
@@ -243,6 +245,13 @@ func (_m *Account) assignValues(columns []string, values []any) error {
 			} else if value.Valid {
 				_m.Concurrency = int(value.Int64)
 			}
+		case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field load_factor", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				_m.LoadFactor = new(int)
+				*_m.LoadFactor = int(value.Int64)
+			}
 		case account.FieldPriority:
 			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64); !ok {
 				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field priority", values[i])
@@ -445,6 +454,11 @@ func (_m *Account) String() string {
 	builder.WriteString("concurrency=")
 	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.Concurrency))
 	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	if v := _m.LoadFactor; v != nil {
+		builder.WriteString("load_factor=")
+		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", *v))
+	}
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
 	builder.WriteString("priority=")
 	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.Priority))
 	builder.WriteString(", ")

backend/ent/account/account.go

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ const (
 	FieldProxyID = "proxy_id"
 	// FieldConcurrency holds the string denoting the concurrency field in the database.
 	FieldConcurrency = "concurrency"
+	// FieldLoadFactor holds the string denoting the load_factor field in the database.
+	FieldLoadFactor = "load_factor"
 	// FieldPriority holds the string denoting the priority field in the database.
 	FieldPriority = "priority"
 	// FieldRateMultiplier holds the string denoting the rate_multiplier field in the database.
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ var Columns = []string{
 	FieldExtra,
 	FieldProxyID,
 	FieldConcurrency,
+	FieldLoadFactor,
 	FieldPriority,
 	FieldRateMultiplier,
 	FieldStatus,
@@ -250,6 +253,11 @@ func ByConcurrency(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldConcurrency, opts...).ToFunc()
 }
 
+// ByLoadFactor orders the results by the load_factor field.
+func ByLoadFactor(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
+	return sql.OrderByField(FieldLoadFactor, opts...).ToFunc()
+}
+
 // ByPriority orders the results by the priority field.
 func ByPriority(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldPriority, opts...).ToFunc()

backend/ent/account/where.go

@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ func Concurrency(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldConcurrency, v))
 }
 
+// LoadFactor applies equality check predicate on the "load_factor" field. It's identical to LoadFactorEQ.
+func LoadFactor(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
 // Priority applies equality check predicate on the "priority" field. It's identical to PriorityEQ.
 func Priority(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldPriority, v))
@@ -650,6 +655,56 @@ func ConcurrencyLTE(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLTE(FieldConcurrency, v))
 }
 
+// LoadFactorEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorEQ(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorNEQ(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNEQ(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorIn applies the In predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorIn(vs ...int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldIn(FieldLoadFactor, vs...))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorNotIn(vs ...int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNotIn(FieldLoadFactor, vs...))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorGT applies the GT predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorGT(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldGT(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorGTE applies the GTE predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorGTE(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldGTE(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorLT applies the LT predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorLT(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLT(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorLTE applies the LTE predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorLTE(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLTE(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorIsNil applies the IsNil predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorIsNil() predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldIsNull(FieldLoadFactor))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorNotNil applies the NotNil predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorNotNil() predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNotNull(FieldLoadFactor))
+}
+
 // PriorityEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "priority" field.
 func PriorityEQ(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldPriority, v))

backend/ent/account_create.go

@@ -139,6 +139,20 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) SetNillableConcurrency(v *int) *AccountCreate {
 	return _c
 }
 
+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountCreate {
+	_c.mutation.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	return _c
+}
+
+// SetNillableLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetNillableLoadFactor(v *int) *AccountCreate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_c.SetLoadFactor(*v)
+	}
+	return _c
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (_c *AccountCreate) SetPriority(v int) *AccountCreate {
 	_c.mutation.SetPriority(v)
@@ -623,6 +637,10 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) createSpec() (*Account, *sqlgraph.CreateSpec) {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldConcurrency, field.TypeInt, value)
 		_node.Concurrency = value
 	}
+	if value, ok := _c.mutation.LoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+		_node.LoadFactor = &value
+	}
 	if value, ok := _c.mutation.Priority(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldPriority, field.TypeInt, value)
 		_node.Priority = value
@@ -936,6 +954,30 @@ func (u *AccountUpsert) AddConcurrency(v int) *AccountUpsert {
 	return u
 }
 
+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsert {
+	u.Set(account.FieldLoadFactor, v)
+	return u
+}
+
+// UpdateLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) UpdateLoadFactor() *AccountUpsert {
+	u.SetExcluded(account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	return u
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds v to the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsert {
+	u.Add(account.FieldLoadFactor, v)
+	return u
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpsert {
+	u.SetNull(account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	return u
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsert) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpsert {
 	u.Set(account.FieldPriority, v)
@@ -1419,6 +1461,34 @@ func (u *AccountUpsertOne) UpdateConcurrency() *AccountUpsertOne {
 	})
 }
 
+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds v to the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) UpdateLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.ClearLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsertOne) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpsertOne {
 	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
@@ -2113,6 +2183,34 @@ func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) UpdateConcurrency() *AccountUpsertBulk {
 	})
 }
 
+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds v to the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) UpdateLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.ClearLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpsertBulk {
 	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {

backend/ent/account_update.go

@@ -172,6 +172,33 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdate) AddConcurrency(v int) *AccountUpdate {
 	return _u
 }
 
+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.ResetLoadFactor()
+	_u.mutation.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetNillableLoadFactor(v *int) *AccountUpdate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetLoadFactor(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds value to the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.ClearLoadFactor()
+	return _u
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpdate {
 	_u.mutation.ResetPriority()
@@ -684,6 +711,15 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node int, err error) {
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedConcurrency(); ok {
 		_spec.AddField(account.FieldConcurrency, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.LoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedLoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if _u.mutation.LoadFactorCleared() {
+		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt)
+	}
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.Priority(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldPriority, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
@@ -1063,6 +1099,33 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) AddConcurrency(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
 	return _u
 }
 
+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.ResetLoadFactor()
+	_u.mutation.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetNillableLoadFactor(v *int) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetLoadFactor(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds value to the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.ClearLoadFactor()
+	return _u
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
 	_u.mutation.ResetPriority()
@@ -1605,6 +1668,15 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node *Account, err er
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedConcurrency(); ok {
 		_spec.AddField(account.FieldConcurrency, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.LoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedLoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if _u.mutation.LoadFactorCleared() {
+		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt)
+	}
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.Priority(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldPriority, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}

backend/ent/group.go

@@ -62,22 +62,24 @@ type Group struct {
 	SoraVideoPricePerRequestHd *float64 `json:"sora_video_price_per_request_hd,omitempty"`
 	// SoraStorageQuotaBytes holds the value of the "sora_storage_quota_bytes" field.
 	SoraStorageQuotaBytes int64 `json:"sora_storage_quota_bytes,omitempty"`
-	// 是否仅允许 Claude Code 客户端
+	// allow Claude Code client only
 	ClaudeCodeOnly bool `json:"claude_code_only,omitempty"`
-	// 非 Claude Code 请求降级使用的分组 ID
+	// fallback group for non-Claude-Code requests
 	FallbackGroupID *int64 `json:"fallback_group_id,omitempty"`
-	// 无效请求兜底使用的分组 ID
+	// fallback group for invalid request
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64 `json:"fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request,omitempty"`
-	// 模型路由配置：模型模式 -> 优先账号ID列表
+	// model routing config: pattern -> account ids
 	ModelRouting map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing,omitempty"`
-	// 是否启用模型路由配置
+	// whether model routing is enabled
 	ModelRoutingEnabled bool `json:"model_routing_enabled,omitempty"`
-	// 是否注入 MCP XML 调用协议提示词（仅 antigravity 平台）
+	// whether MCP XML prompt injection is enabled
 	McpXMLInject bool `json:"mcp_xml_inject,omitempty"`
-	// 支持的模型系列：claude, gemini_text, gemini_image
+	// supported model scopes: claude, gemini_text, gemini_image
 	SupportedModelScopes []string `json:"supported_model_scopes,omitempty"`
-	// 分组显示排序，数值越小越靠前
+	// group display order, lower comes first
 	SortOrder int `json:"sort_order,omitempty"`
+	// simulate claude usage as claude-max style (1h cache write)
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled,omitempty"`
 	// Edges holds the relations/edges for other nodes in the graph.
 	// The values are being populated by the GroupQuery when eager-loading is set.
 	Edges        GroupEdges `json:"edges"`
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ func (*Group) scanValues(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
 		switch columns[i] {
 		case group.FieldModelRouting, group.FieldSupportedModelScopes:
 			values[i] = new([]byte)
-		case group.FieldIsExclusive, group.FieldClaudeCodeOnly, group.FieldModelRoutingEnabled, group.FieldMcpXMLInject:
+		case group.FieldIsExclusive, group.FieldClaudeCodeOnly, group.FieldModelRoutingEnabled, group.FieldMcpXMLInject, group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullBool)
 		case group.FieldRateMultiplier, group.FieldDailyLimitUsd, group.FieldWeeklyLimitUsd, group.FieldMonthlyLimitUsd, group.FieldImagePrice1k, group.FieldImagePrice2k, group.FieldImagePrice4k, group.FieldSoraImagePrice360, group.FieldSoraImagePrice540, group.FieldSoraVideoPricePerRequest, group.FieldSoraVideoPricePerRequestHd:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullFloat64)
@@ -415,6 +417,12 @@ func (_m *Group) assignValues(columns []string, values []any) error {
 			} else if value.Valid {
 				_m.SortOrder = int(value.Int64)
 			}
+		case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullBool); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field simulate_claude_max_enabled", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				_m.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = value.Bool
+			}
 		default:
 			_m.selectValues.Set(columns[i], values[i])
 		}
@@ -608,6 +616,9 @@ func (_m *Group) String() string {
 	builder.WriteString(", ")
 	builder.WriteString("sort_order=")
 	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.SortOrder))
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	builder.WriteString("simulate_claude_max_enabled=")
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled))
 	builder.WriteByte(')')
 	return builder.String()
 }

backend/ent/group/group.go

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ const (
 	FieldSupportedModelScopes = "supported_model_scopes"
 	// FieldSortOrder holds the string denoting the sort_order field in the database.
 	FieldSortOrder = "sort_order"
+	// FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled holds the string denoting the simulate_claude_max_enabled field in the database.
+	FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = "simulate_claude_max_enabled"
 	// EdgeAPIKeys holds the string denoting the api_keys edge name in mutations.
 	EdgeAPIKeys = "api_keys"
 	// EdgeRedeemCodes holds the string denoting the redeem_codes edge name in mutations.
@@ -180,6 +182,7 @@ var Columns = []string{
 	FieldMcpXMLInject,
 	FieldSupportedModelScopes,
 	FieldSortOrder,
+	FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -247,6 +250,8 @@ var (
 	DefaultSupportedModelScopes []string
 	// DefaultSortOrder holds the default value on creation for the "sort_order" field.
 	DefaultSortOrder int
+	// DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled holds the default value on creation for the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+	DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool
 )
 
 // OrderOption defines the ordering options for the Group queries.
@@ -397,6 +402,11 @@ func BySortOrder(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldSortOrder, opts...).ToFunc()
 }
 
+// BySimulateClaudeMaxEnabled orders the results by the simulate_claude_max_enabled field.
+func BySimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
+	return sql.OrderByField(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, opts...).ToFunc()
+}
+
 // ByAPIKeysCount orders the results by api_keys count.
 func ByAPIKeysCount(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return func(s *sql.Selector) {

backend/ent/group/where.go

@@ -195,6 +195,11 @@ func SortOrder(v int) predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldSortOrder, v))
 }
 
+// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled applies equality check predicate on the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field. It's identical to SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledEQ.
+func SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) predicate.Group {
+	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v))
+}
+
 // CreatedAtEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "created_at" field.
 func CreatedAtEQ(v time.Time) predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldCreatedAt, v))
@@ -1470,6 +1475,16 @@ func SortOrderLTE(v int) predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldLTE(FieldSortOrder, v))
 }
 
+// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledEQ(v bool) predicate.Group {
+	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v))
+}
+
+// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledNEQ(v bool) predicate.Group {
+	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldNEQ(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v))
+}
+
 // HasAPIKeys applies the HasEdge predicate on the "api_keys" edge.
 func HasAPIKeys() predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(func(s *sql.Selector) {

backend/ent/group_create.go

@@ -424,6 +424,20 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) SetNillableSortOrder(v *int) *GroupCreate {
 	return _c
 }
 
+// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (_c *GroupCreate) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupCreate {
+	_c.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
+	return _c
+}
+
+// SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_c *GroupCreate) SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v *bool) *GroupCreate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_c.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(*v)
+	}
+	return _c
+}
+
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by IDs.
 func (_c *GroupCreate) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) *GroupCreate {
 	_c.mutation.AddAPIKeyIDs(ids...)
@@ -613,6 +627,10 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) defaults() error {
 		v := group.DefaultSortOrder
 		_c.mutation.SetSortOrder(v)
 	}
+	if _, ok := _c.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); !ok {
+		v := group.DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled
+		_c.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -683,6 +701,9 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) check() error {
 	if _, ok := _c.mutation.SortOrder(); !ok {
 		return &ValidationError{Name: "sort_order", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Group.sort_order"`)}
 	}
+	if _, ok := _c.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "simulate_claude_max_enabled", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Group.simulate_claude_max_enabled"`)}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -830,6 +851,10 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) createSpec() (*Group, *sqlgraph.CreateSpec) {
 		_spec.SetField(group.FieldSortOrder, field.TypeInt, value)
 		_node.SortOrder = value
 	}
+	if value, ok := _c.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, field.TypeBool, value)
+		_node.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = value
+	}
 	if nodes := _c.mutation.APIKeysIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
 		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
 			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
@@ -1520,6 +1545,18 @@ func (u *GroupUpsert) AddSortOrder(v int) *GroupUpsert {
 	return u
 }
 
+// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (u *GroupUpsert) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpsert {
+	u.Set(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v)
+	return u
+}
+
+// UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *GroupUpsert) UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() *GroupUpsert {
+	u.SetExcluded(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
+	return u
+}
+
 // UpdateNewValues updates the mutable fields using the new values that were set on create.
 // Using this option is equivalent to using:
 //
@@ -2188,6 +2225,20 @@ func (u *GroupUpsertOne) UpdateSortOrder() *GroupUpsertOne {
 	})
 }
 
+// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (u *GroupUpsertOne) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
+		s.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *GroupUpsertOne) UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() *GroupUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
+	})
+}
+
 // Exec executes the query.
 func (u *GroupUpsertOne) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if len(u.create.conflict) == 0 {
@@ -3022,6 +3073,20 @@ func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) UpdateSortOrder() *GroupUpsertBulk {
 	})
 }
 
+// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
+		s.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() *GroupUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
+	})
+}
+
 // Exec executes the query.
 func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if u.create.err != nil {

backend/ent/group_update.go

@@ -625,6 +625,20 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdate) AddSortOrder(v int) *GroupUpdate {
 	return _u
 }
 
+// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (_u *GroupUpdate) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *GroupUpdate) SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v *bool) *GroupUpdate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by IDs.
 func (_u *GroupUpdate) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) *GroupUpdate {
 	_u.mutation.AddAPIKeyIDs(ids...)
@@ -1110,6 +1124,9 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node int, err error) {
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedSortOrder(); ok {
 		_spec.AddField(group.FieldSortOrder, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, field.TypeBool, value)
+	}
 	if _u.mutation.APIKeysCleared() {
 		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
 			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
@@ -2014,6 +2031,20 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) AddSortOrder(v int) *GroupUpdateOne {
 	return _u
 }
 
+// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v *bool) *GroupUpdateOne {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by IDs.
 func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) *GroupUpdateOne {
 	_u.mutation.AddAPIKeyIDs(ids...)
@@ -2529,6 +2560,9 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node *Group, err error)
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedSortOrder(); ok {
 		_spec.AddField(group.FieldSortOrder, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, field.TypeBool, value)
+	}
 	if _u.mutation.APIKeysCleared() {
 		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
 			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,

backend/ent/migrate/schema.go

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ var (
 		{Name: "credentials", Type: field.TypeJSON, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "jsonb"}},
 		{Name: "extra", Type: field.TypeJSON, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "jsonb"}},
 		{Name: "concurrency", Type: field.TypeInt, Default: 3},
+		{Name: "load_factor", Type: field.TypeInt, Nullable: true},
 		{Name: "priority", Type: field.TypeInt, Default: 50},
 		{Name: "rate_multiplier", Type: field.TypeFloat64, Default: 1, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "decimal(10,4)"}},
 		{Name: "status", Type: field.TypeString, Size: 20, Default: "active"},
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ var (
 		ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
 			{
 				Symbol:     "accounts_proxies_proxy",
-				Columns:    []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[27]},
+				Columns:    []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[28]},
 				RefColumns: []*schema.Column{ProxiesColumns[0]},
 				OnDelete:   schema.SetNull,
 			},
@@ -151,52 +152,52 @@ var (
 			{
 				Name:    "account_status",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[13]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[14]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_proxy_id",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[27]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[28]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_priority",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[11]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[12]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_last_used_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[15]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[16]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_schedulable",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[18]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[19]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_rate_limited_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[19]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[20]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_rate_limit_reset_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[20]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[21]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_overload_until",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[21]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[22]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_platform_priority",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[6], AccountsColumns[11]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[6], AccountsColumns[12]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_priority_status",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[11], AccountsColumns[13]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[12], AccountsColumns[14]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_deleted_at",
@@ -406,6 +407,7 @@ var (
 		{Name: "mcp_xml_inject", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: true},
 		{Name: "supported_model_scopes", Type: field.TypeJSON, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "jsonb"}},
 		{Name: "sort_order", Type: field.TypeInt, Default: 0},
+		{Name: "simulate_claude_max_enabled", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: false},
 	}
 	// GroupsTable holds the schema information for the "groups" table.
 	GroupsTable = &schema.Table{

backend/ent/mutation.go

@@ -2260,6 +2260,8 @@ type AccountMutation struct {
 	extra                     *map[string]interface{}
 	concurrency               *int
 	addconcurrency            *int
+	load_factor               *int
+	addload_factor            *int
 	priority                  *int
 	addpriority               *int
 	rate_multiplier           *float64
@@ -2845,6 +2847,76 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ResetConcurrency() {
 	m.addconcurrency = nil
 }
 
+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) SetLoadFactor(i int) {
+	m.load_factor = &i
+	m.addload_factor = nil
+}
+
+// LoadFactor returns the value of the "load_factor" field in the mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) LoadFactor() (r int, exists bool) {
+	v := m.load_factor
+	if v == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return *v, true
+}
+
+// OldLoadFactor returns the old "load_factor" field's value of the Account entity.
+// If the Account object wasn't provided to the builder, the object is fetched from the database.
+// An error is returned if the mutation operation is not UpdateOne, or the database query fails.
+func (m *AccountMutation) OldLoadFactor(ctx context.Context) (v *int, err error) {
+	if !m.op.Is(OpUpdateOne) {
+		return v, errors.New("OldLoadFactor is only allowed on UpdateOne operations")
+	}
+	if m.id == nil || m.oldValue == nil {
+		return v, errors.New("OldLoadFactor requires an ID field in the mutation")
+	}
+	oldValue, err := m.oldValue(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return v, fmt.Errorf("querying old value for OldLoadFactor: %w", err)
+	}
+	return oldValue.LoadFactor, nil
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds i to the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) AddLoadFactor(i int) {
+	if m.addload_factor != nil {
+		*m.addload_factor += i
+	} else {
+		m.addload_factor = &i
+	}
+}
+
+// AddedLoadFactor returns the value that was added to the "load_factor" field in this mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) AddedLoadFactor() (r int, exists bool) {
+	v := m.addload_factor
+	if v == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return *v, true
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ClearLoadFactor() {
+	m.load_factor = nil
+	m.addload_factor = nil
+	m.clearedFields[account.FieldLoadFactor] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+// LoadFactorCleared returns if the "load_factor" field was cleared in this mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) LoadFactorCleared() bool {
+	_, ok := m.clearedFields[account.FieldLoadFactor]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// ResetLoadFactor resets all changes to the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ResetLoadFactor() {
+	m.load_factor = nil
+	m.addload_factor = nil
+	delete(m.clearedFields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (m *AccountMutation) SetPriority(i int) {
 	m.priority = &i
@@ -3773,7 +3845,7 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Type() string {
 // order to get all numeric fields that were incremented/decremented, call
 // AddedFields().
 func (m *AccountMutation) Fields() []string {
-	fields := make([]string, 0, 27)
+	fields := make([]string, 0, 28)
 	if m.created_at != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldCreatedAt)
 	}
@@ -3807,6 +3879,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Fields() []string {
 	if m.concurrency != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldConcurrency)
 	}
+	if m.load_factor != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	}
 	if m.priority != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldPriority)
 	}
@@ -3885,6 +3960,8 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Field(name string) (ent.Value, bool) {
 		return m.ProxyID()
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		return m.Concurrency()
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		return m.LoadFactor()
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		return m.Priority()
 	case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
@@ -3948,6 +4025,8 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) OldField(ctx context.Context, name string) (ent.Value,
 		return m.OldProxyID(ctx)
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		return m.OldConcurrency(ctx)
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		return m.OldLoadFactor(ctx)
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		return m.OldPriority(ctx)
 	case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
@@ -4066,6 +4145,13 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) SetField(name string, value ent.Value) error {
 		}
 		m.SetConcurrency(v)
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		v, ok := value.(int)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
+		}
+		m.SetLoadFactor(v)
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		v, ok := value.(int)
 		if !ok {
@@ -4189,6 +4275,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) AddedFields() []string {
 	if m.addconcurrency != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldConcurrency)
 	}
+	if m.addload_factor != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	}
 	if m.addpriority != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldPriority)
 	}
@@ -4205,6 +4294,8 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) AddedField(name string) (ent.Value, bool) {
 	switch name {
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		return m.AddedConcurrency()
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		return m.AddedLoadFactor()
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		return m.AddedPriority()
 	case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
@@ -4225,6 +4316,13 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) AddField(name string, value ent.Value) error {
 		}
 		m.AddConcurrency(v)
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		v, ok := value.(int)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
+		}
+		m.AddLoadFactor(v)
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		v, ok := value.(int)
 		if !ok {
@@ -4256,6 +4354,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ClearedFields() []string {
 	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldProxyID) {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldProxyID)
 	}
+	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldLoadFactor) {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	}
 	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldErrorMessage) {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldErrorMessage)
 	}
@@ -4312,6 +4413,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ClearField(name string) error {
 	case account.FieldProxyID:
 		m.ClearProxyID()
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		m.ClearLoadFactor()
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldErrorMessage:
 		m.ClearErrorMessage()
 		return nil
@@ -4386,6 +4490,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ResetField(name string) error {
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		m.ResetConcurrency()
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		m.ResetLoadFactor()
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		m.ResetPriority()
 		return nil
@@ -8089,6 +8196,7 @@ type GroupMutation struct {
 	appendsupported_model_scopes            []string
 	sort_order                              *int
 	addsort_order                           *int
+	simulate_claude_max_enabled             *bool
 	clearedFields                           map[string]struct{}
 	api_keys                                map[int64]struct{}
 	removedapi_keys                         map[int64]struct{}
@@ -9833,6 +9941,42 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) ResetSortOrder() {
 	m.addsort_order = nil
 }
 
+// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (m *GroupMutation) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(b bool) {
+	m.simulate_claude_max_enabled = &b
+}
+
+// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled returns the value of the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field in the mutation.
+func (m *GroupMutation) SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() (r bool, exists bool) {
+	v := m.simulate_claude_max_enabled
+	if v == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return *v, true
+}
+
+// OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled returns the old "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field's value of the Group entity.
+// If the Group object wasn't provided to the builder, the object is fetched from the database.
+// An error is returned if the mutation operation is not UpdateOne, or the database query fails.
+func (m *GroupMutation) OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(ctx context.Context) (v bool, err error) {
+	if !m.op.Is(OpUpdateOne) {
+		return v, errors.New("OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled is only allowed on UpdateOne operations")
+	}
+	if m.id == nil || m.oldValue == nil {
+		return v, errors.New("OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled requires an ID field in the mutation")
+	}
+	oldValue, err := m.oldValue(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return v, fmt.Errorf("querying old value for OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: %w", err)
+	}
+	return oldValue.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, nil
+}
+
+// ResetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled resets all changes to the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
+func (m *GroupMutation) ResetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() {
+	m.simulate_claude_max_enabled = nil
+}
+
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by ids.
 func (m *GroupMutation) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) {
 	if m.api_keys == nil {
@@ -10191,7 +10335,7 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) Type() string {
 // order to get all numeric fields that were incremented/decremented, call
 // AddedFields().
 func (m *GroupMutation) Fields() []string {
-	fields := make([]string, 0, 30)
+	fields := make([]string, 0, 31)
 	if m.created_at != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, group.FieldCreatedAt)
 	}
@@ -10282,6 +10426,9 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) Fields() []string {
 	if m.sort_order != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, group.FieldSortOrder)
 	}
+	if m.simulate_claude_max_enabled != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
+	}
 	return fields
 }
 
@@ -10350,6 +10497,8 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) Field(name string) (ent.Value, bool) {
 		return m.SupportedModelScopes()
 	case group.FieldSortOrder:
 		return m.SortOrder()
+	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
+		return m.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
 	}
 	return nil, false
 }
@@ -10419,6 +10568,8 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) OldField(ctx context.Context, name string) (ent.Value, e
 		return m.OldSupportedModelScopes(ctx)
 	case group.FieldSortOrder:
 		return m.OldSortOrder(ctx)
+	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
+		return m.OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(ctx)
 	}
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown Group field %s", name)
 }
@@ -10638,6 +10789,13 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) SetField(name string, value ent.Value) error {
 		}
 		m.SetSortOrder(v)
 		return nil
+	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
+		v, ok := value.(bool)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
+		}
+		m.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
+		return nil
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf("unknown Group field %s", name)
 }
@@ -11065,6 +11223,9 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) ResetField(name string) error {
 	case group.FieldSortOrder:
 		m.ResetSortOrder()
 		return nil
+	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
+		m.ResetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
+		return nil
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf("unknown Group field %s", name)
 }

backend/ent/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -212,29 +212,29 @@ func init() {
 	// account.DefaultConcurrency holds the default value on creation for the concurrency field.
 	account.DefaultConcurrency = accountDescConcurrency.Default.(int)
 	// accountDescPriority is the schema descriptor for priority field.
-	accountDescPriority := accountFields[8].Descriptor()
+	accountDescPriority := accountFields[9].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultPriority holds the default value on creation for the priority field.
 	account.DefaultPriority = accountDescPriority.Default.(int)
 	// accountDescRateMultiplier is the schema descriptor for rate_multiplier field.
-	accountDescRateMultiplier := accountFields[9].Descriptor()
+	accountDescRateMultiplier := accountFields[10].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultRateMultiplier holds the default value on creation for the rate_multiplier field.
 	account.DefaultRateMultiplier = accountDescRateMultiplier.Default.(float64)
 	// accountDescStatus is the schema descriptor for status field.
-	accountDescStatus := accountFields[10].Descriptor()
+	accountDescStatus := accountFields[11].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultStatus holds the default value on creation for the status field.
 	account.DefaultStatus = accountDescStatus.Default.(string)
 	// account.StatusValidator is a validator for the "status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	account.StatusValidator = accountDescStatus.Validators[0].(func(string) error)
 	// accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired is the schema descriptor for auto_pause_on_expired field.
-	accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired := accountFields[14].Descriptor()
+	accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired := accountFields[15].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired holds the default value on creation for the auto_pause_on_expired field.
 	account.DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired = accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired.Default.(bool)
 	// accountDescSchedulable is the schema descriptor for schedulable field.
-	accountDescSchedulable := accountFields[15].Descriptor()
+	accountDescSchedulable := accountFields[16].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultSchedulable holds the default value on creation for the schedulable field.
 	account.DefaultSchedulable = accountDescSchedulable.Default.(bool)
 	// accountDescSessionWindowStatus is the schema descriptor for session_window_status field.
-	accountDescSessionWindowStatus := accountFields[23].Descriptor()
+	accountDescSessionWindowStatus := accountFields[24].Descriptor()
 	// account.SessionWindowStatusValidator is a validator for the "session_window_status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	account.SessionWindowStatusValidator = accountDescSessionWindowStatus.Validators[0].(func(string) error)
 	accountgroupFields := schema.AccountGroup{}.Fields()
@@ -447,6 +447,10 @@ func init() {
 	groupDescSortOrder := groupFields[26].Descriptor()
 	// group.DefaultSortOrder holds the default value on creation for the sort_order field.
 	group.DefaultSortOrder = groupDescSortOrder.Default.(int)
+	// groupDescSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled is the schema descriptor for simulate_claude_max_enabled field.
+	groupDescSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled := groupFields[27].Descriptor()
+	// group.DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled holds the default value on creation for the simulate_claude_max_enabled field.
+	group.DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = groupDescSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled.Default.(bool)
 	idempotencyrecordMixin := schema.IdempotencyRecord{}.Mixin()
 	idempotencyrecordMixinFields0 := idempotencyrecordMixin[0].Fields()
 	_ = idempotencyrecordMixinFields0

backend/ent/schema/account.go

@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ func (Account) Fields() []ent.Field {
 		field.Int("concurrency").
 			Default(3),
 
+		field.Int("load_factor").Optional().Nillable(),
+
 		// priority: 账户优先级，数值越小优先级越高
 		// 调度器会优先使用高优先级的账户
 		field.Int("priority").

backend/ent/schema/group.go

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ func (Group) Mixin() []ent.Mixin {
 
 func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 	return []ent.Field{
-		// 唯一约束通过部分索引实现（WHERE deleted_at IS NULL），支持软删除后重用
-		// 见迁移文件 016_soft_delete_partial_unique_indexes.sql
 		field.String("name").
 			MaxLen(100).
 			NotEmpty(),
@@ -51,7 +49,6 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 			MaxLen(20).
 			Default(domain.StatusActive),
 
-		// Subscription-related fields (added by migration 003)
 		field.String("platform").
 			MaxLen(50).
 			Default(domain.PlatformAnthropic),
@@ -73,7 +70,6 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 		field.Int("default_validity_days").
 			Default(30),
 
-		// 图片生成计费配置（antigravity 和 gemini 平台使用）
 		field.Float("image_price_1k").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
@@ -87,7 +83,6 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 			Nillable().
 			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "decimal(20,8)"}),
 
-		// Sora 按次计费配置（阶段 1）
 		field.Float("sora_image_price_360").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
@@ -109,45 +104,41 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 		field.Int64("sora_storage_quota_bytes").
 			Default(0),
 
-		// Claude Code 客户端限制 (added by migration 029)
 		field.Bool("claude_code_only").
 			Default(false).
-			Comment("是否仅允许 Claude Code 客户端"),
+			Comment("allow Claude Code client only"),
 		field.Int64("fallback_group_id").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
-			Comment("非 Claude Code 请求降级使用的分组 ID"),
+			Comment("fallback group for non-Claude-Code requests"),
 		field.Int64("fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
-			Comment("无效请求兜底使用的分组 ID"),
+			Comment("fallback group for invalid request"),
 
-		// 模型路由配置 (added by migration 040)
 		field.JSON("model_routing", map[string][]int64{}).
 			Optional().
 			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "jsonb"}).
-			Comment("模型路由配置：模型模式 -> 优先账号ID列表"),
-
-		// 模型路由开关 (added by migration 041)
+			Comment("model routing config: pattern -> account ids"),
 		field.Bool("model_routing_enabled").
 			Default(false).
-			Comment("是否启用模型路由配置"),
+			Comment("whether model routing is enabled"),
 
-		// MCP XML 协议注入开关 (added by migration 042)
 		field.Bool("mcp_xml_inject").
 			Default(true).
-			Comment("是否注入 MCP XML 调用协议提示词（仅 antigravity 平台）"),
+			Comment("whether MCP XML prompt injection is enabled"),
 
-		// 支持的模型系列 (added by migration 046)
 		field.JSON("supported_model_scopes", []string{}).
 			Default([]string{"claude", "gemini_text", "gemini_image"}).
 			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "jsonb"}).
-			Comment("支持的模型系列：claude, gemini_text, gemini_image"),
+			Comment("supported model scopes: claude, gemini_text, gemini_image"),
 
-		// 分组排序 (added by migration 052)
 		field.Int("sort_order").
 			Default(0).
-			Comment("分组显示排序，数值越小越靠前"),
+			Comment("group display order, lower comes first"),
+		field.Bool("simulate_claude_max_enabled").
+			Default(false).
+			Comment("simulate claude usage as claude-max style (1h cache write)"),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -163,14 +154,11 @@ func (Group) Edges() []ent.Edge {
 		edge.From("allowed_users", User.Type).
 			Ref("allowed_groups").
 			Through("user_allowed_groups", UserAllowedGroup.Type),
-		// 注意：fallback_group_id 直接作为字段使用，不定义 edge
-		// 这样允许多个分组指向同一个降级分组（M2O 关系）
 	}
 }
 
 func (Group) Indexes() []ent.Index {
 	return []ent.Index{
-		// name 字段已在 Fields() 中声明 Unique()，无需重复索引
 		index.Fields("status"),
 		index.Fields("platform"),
 		index.Fields("subscription_type"),

backend/go.mod

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
@@ -140,6 +141,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8 // indirect
+	github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20210106213030-5aafc221ea8c // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect

backend/go.sum

@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f h1:lO4WD4F/r
 github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f/go.mod h1:cuUVRXasLTGF7a8hSLbxyZXjz+1KgoB3wDUb6vlszIc=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5QvfrDyIgxBk=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
+github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0 h1:+/GIL799phkJqYW+3YbOd8LCcbHzT0Pbo8zl70MHsq0=
+github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0/go.mod h1:DHkYz0B9wPfa6wondMfaivmHpzrQ3v9q8cnmRbL6yW8=
 github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible h1:Bm8DchhSD2J6PsFzxC35TZo4TLGR2PdW/E69rU45NhM=
 github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 h1:LlMG9azAe1TqfR7sO+NJttz1gy6KO7VJBh+pMmjSD94=
@@ -171,8 +173,6 @@ github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 h1:CrxCmQqYDkv1z7lO7Wbh2HN93uovUHgrECaO5ZrCXAU=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 h1:Rl4B7itRWVtYIHFrSNd7vhTiz9UpLdi6gZhZ3wEeDy8=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2/go.mod h1:pqrtFR0X4osieyHYxtmOUWsAWrfe1Q5UVIyoH402zdk=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0/go.mod h1:Kcdr2DB4koayq7X8pmAG4sNG59So17
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e h1:ijClszYn+mADRFY17kjQEVQ1XRhq2/JR1M3sGqeJoxs=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e/go.mod h1:boTsfXsheKC2y+lKOCMpSfarhxDeIzfZG1jqGcPl3cA=
-github.com/google/subcommands v1.2.0 h1:vWQspBTo2nEqTUFita5/KeEWlUL8kQObDFbub/EN9oE=
 github.com/google/subcommands v1.2.0/go.mod h1:ZjhPrFU+Olkh9WazFPsl27BQ4UPiG37m3yTrtFlrHVk=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
@@ -203,6 +202,8 @@ github.com/icholy/digest v1.1.0 h1:HfGg9Irj7i+IX1o1QAmPfIBNu/Q5A5Tu3n/MED9k9H4=
 github.com/icholy/digest v1.1.0/go.mod h1:QNrsSGQ5v7v9cReDI0+eyjsXGUoRSUZQHeQ5C4XLa0Y=
 github.com/imroc/req/v3 v3.57.0 h1:LMTUjNRUybUkTPn8oJDq8Kg3JRBOBTcnDhKu7mzupKI=
 github.com/imroc/req/v3 v3.57.0/go.mod h1:JL62ey1nvSLq81HORNcosvlf7SxZStONNqOprg0Pz00=
+github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
+github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 h1:/6Hmqy13Ss2zCq62VdNG8tM1wchn8zjSGOBJ6icpsIM=
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CEx0iS5ambNFdcRtxPj5JhEz+xB6uRky5eyVu/W2HEg=
 github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 h1:iCEnooe7UlwOQYpKFhBabPMi4aNAfoODPEFNiAnClxo=
@@ -285,6 +286,10 @@ github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 h1:aYUidT7k73Pcl9nb2gScu7NSrKCSHIDE89b3+6
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:1t835xjRzz80PqgE6HHgN2JOsmgYu/h4qDAS4n929Rs=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8 h1:85ENo+3FpWgAACBaEUVp+lctuTcYUO7BtmfhlN/QTRo=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8/go.mod h1:9NiV+i9mJKGj1rYOT+njbv+ZwA/zJxYdewGl6qVatpg=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2 h1:LUKws63GV3pVHwH1srkBplBv+7URgmOmhSkRxsIvsK4=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2/go.mod h1:4mIkYyZooFlnenDlormIo6cd5wrlUKNr97wp9nGgEKo=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRIccs7FGNTlIRMkT8wgtp5eCXdBlqhYGL6U=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
@@ -398,8 +403,6 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0 h1:mvwbQS5m0tbmqML4NqK+e3aDiO02vsf/Wgbsd
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0/go.mod h1:04wGrZurHYKOc+RKeye86GwKiTb9FKm1WHtO+4EVr2E=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.37.0 h1:ItB0QUqnjesGRvNcmAcU0LyvkVyGJ2xftD29bWdDvKI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.37.0/go.mod h1:VredYzxUvuo2q3WRcDnKDjbdvmO0sCzOvVAiY+yUkAg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.37.0 h1:90lI228XrB9jCMuSdA0673aubgRobVZFhbjxHHspCPc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.37.0/go.mod h1:cNen4ZWfiD37l5NhS+Keb5RXVWZWpRE+9WyVCpbo5ps=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0 h1:HLdcFNbRQBE2imdSEgm/kwqmQj1Or1l/7bW6mxVK7z4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0/go.mod h1:TlgrlQ+PtQO5XFerSPUYG0JSgGyryXewPGyayAWSBS0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 h1:TrMUixzpM0yuc/znrFTP9MMRh8trP93mkCiDVeXrui0=
@@ -455,8 +458,6 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGm
 golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0 h1:a9b8iMweWG+S0OBnlU36rzLp20z1Rp10w+IY2czHTQc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0/go.mod h1:XSY6eDqxVNiYgezAVqqCeihT4j1U2CCsqvH3WhQpnlg=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20231106174013-bbf56f31fb17 h1:wpZ8pe2x1Q3f2KyT5f8oP/fa9rHAKgFPr/HZdNuS+PQ=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4 h1:8XJ4pajGwOlasW+L13MnEGA8W4115jJySQtVfS2/IBU=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4/go.mod h1:NnuHhy+bxcg30o7FnVAZbXsPHUDQ9qKWAQKCD7VxFtk=

backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ type CreateAccountRequest struct {
 	Concurrency             int            `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority                int            `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier          *float64       `json:"rate_multiplier"`
+	LoadFactor              *int           `json:"load_factor"`
 	GroupIDs                []int64        `json:"group_ids"`
 	ExpiresAt               *int64         `json:"expires_at"`
 	AutoPauseOnExpired      *bool          `json:"auto_pause_on_expired"`
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
 	Concurrency             *int           `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority                *int           `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier          *float64       `json:"rate_multiplier"`
+	LoadFactor              *int           `json:"load_factor"`
 	Status                  string         `json:"status" binding:"omitempty,oneof=active inactive"`
 	GroupIDs                *[]int64       `json:"group_ids"`
 	ExpiresAt               *int64         `json:"expires_at"`
@@ -135,6 +137,7 @@ type BulkUpdateAccountsRequest struct {
 	Concurrency             *int           `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority                *int           `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier          *float64       `json:"rate_multiplier"`
+	LoadFactor              *int           `json:"load_factor"`
 	Status                  string         `json:"status" binding:"omitempty,oneof=active inactive error"`
 	Schedulable             *bool          `json:"schedulable"`
 	GroupIDs                *[]int64       `json:"group_ids"`
@@ -506,6 +509,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Create(c *gin.Context) {
 			Concurrency:           req.Concurrency,
 			Priority:              req.Priority,
 			RateMultiplier:        req.RateMultiplier,
+			LoadFactor:            req.LoadFactor,
 			GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
 			ExpiresAt:             req.ExpiresAt,
 			AutoPauseOnExpired:    req.AutoPauseOnExpired,
@@ -575,6 +579,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Update(c *gin.Context) {
 		Concurrency:           req.Concurrency, // 指针类型，nil 表示未提供
 		Priority:              req.Priority,    // 指针类型，nil 表示未提供
 		RateMultiplier:        req.RateMultiplier,
+		LoadFactor:            req.LoadFactor,
 		Status:                req.Status,
 		GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
 		ExpiresAt:             req.ExpiresAt,
@@ -1101,6 +1106,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) BulkUpdate(c *gin.Context) {
 		req.Concurrency != nil ||
 		req.Priority != nil ||
 		req.RateMultiplier != nil ||
+		req.LoadFactor != nil ||
 		req.Status != "" ||
 		req.Schedulable != nil ||
 		req.GroupIDs != nil ||
@@ -1119,6 +1125,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) BulkUpdate(c *gin.Context) {
 		Concurrency:           req.Concurrency,
 		Priority:              req.Priority,
 		RateMultiplier:        req.RateMultiplier,
+		LoadFactor:            req.LoadFactor,
 		Status:                req.Status,
 		Schedulable:           req.Schedulable,
 		GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
@@ -1132,6 +1139,12 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) BulkUpdate(c *gin.Context) {
 			c.JSON(409, gin.H{
 				"error":   "mixed_channel_warning",
 				"message": mixedErr.Error(),
+				"details": gin.H{
+					"group_id":         mixedErr.GroupID,
+					"group_name":       mixedErr.GroupName,
+					"current_platform": mixedErr.CurrentPlatform,
+					"other_platform":   mixedErr.OtherPlatform,
+				},
 			})
 			return
 		}
@@ -1328,6 +1341,29 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) ClearRateLimit(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Success(c, h.buildAccountResponseWithRuntime(c.Request.Context(), account))
 }
 
+// ResetQuota handles resetting account quota usage
+// POST /api/v1/admin/accounts/:id/reset-quota
+func (h *AccountHandler) ResetQuota(c *gin.Context) {
+	accountID, err := strconv.ParseInt(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid account ID")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.adminService.ResetAccountQuota(c.Request.Context(), accountID); err != nil {
+		response.InternalError(c, "Failed to reset account quota: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	account, err := h.adminService.GetAccount(c.Request.Context(), accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response.Success(c, h.buildAccountResponseWithRuntime(c.Request.Context(), account))
+}
+
 // GetTempUnschedulable handles getting temporary unschedulable status
 // GET /api/v1/admin/accounts/:id/temp-unschedulable
 func (h *AccountHandler) GetTempUnschedulable(c *gin.Context) {

backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler_mixed_channel_test.go

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestAccountHandlerCreateMixedChannelConflictSimplifiedResponse(t *testing.T
 	var resp map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
 	require.Equal(t, "mixed_channel_warning", resp["error"])
-	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "mixed_channel_warning")
+	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "claude-max")
 	_, hasDetails := resp["details"]
 	_, hasRequireConfirmation := resp["require_confirmation"]
 	require.False(t, hasDetails)
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func TestAccountHandlerUpdateMixedChannelConflictSimplifiedResponse(t *testing.T
 	var resp map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
 	require.Equal(t, "mixed_channel_warning", resp["error"])
-	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "mixed_channel_warning")
+	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "claude-max")
 	_, hasDetails := resp["details"]
 	_, hasRequireConfirmation := resp["require_confirmation"]
 	require.False(t, hasDetails)

backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_service_stub_test.go

@@ -425,5 +425,9 @@ func (s *stubAdminService) AdminUpdateAPIKeyGroupID(ctx context.Context, keyID i
 	return nil, service.ErrAPIKeyNotFound
 }
 
+func (s *stubAdminService) ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Ensure stub implements interface.
 var _ service.AdminService = (*stubAdminService)(nil)

backend/internal/handler/admin/group_handler.go

@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@ type CreateGroupRequest struct {
 	FallbackGroupID                 *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id"`
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request"`
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
-	ModelRoutingEnabled bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
-	MCPXMLInject        *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
+	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
+	ModelRoutingEnabled      bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
+	MCPXMLInject             *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool              `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes []string `json:"supported_model_scopes"`
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -81,9 +82,10 @@ type UpdateGroupRequest struct {
 	FallbackGroupID                 *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id"`
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request"`
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
-	ModelRoutingEnabled *bool              `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
-	MCPXMLInject        *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
+	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
+	ModelRoutingEnabled      *bool              `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
+	MCPXMLInject             *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool              `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes *[]string `json:"supported_model_scopes"`
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -201,6 +203,7 @@ func (h *GroupHandler) Create(c *gin.Context) {
 		ModelRouting:                    req.ModelRouting,
 		ModelRoutingEnabled:             req.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    req.MCPXMLInject,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        req.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            req.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SoraStorageQuotaBytes:           req.SoraStorageQuotaBytes,
 		CopyAccountsFromGroupIDs:        req.CopyAccountsFromGroupIDs,
@@ -252,6 +255,7 @@ func (h *GroupHandler) Update(c *gin.Context) {
 		ModelRouting:                    req.ModelRouting,
 		ModelRoutingEnabled:             req.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    req.MCPXMLInject,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        req.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            req.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SoraStorageQuotaBytes:           req.SoraStorageQuotaBytes,
 		CopyAccountsFromGroupIDs:        req.CopyAccountsFromGroupIDs,

backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers.go

@@ -122,13 +122,14 @@ func GroupFromServiceAdmin(g *service.Group) *AdminGroup {
 		return nil
 	}
 	out := &AdminGroup{
-		Group:                groupFromServiceBase(g),
-		ModelRouting:         g.ModelRouting,
-		ModelRoutingEnabled:  g.ModelRoutingEnabled,
-		MCPXMLInject:         g.MCPXMLInject,
-		SupportedModelScopes: g.SupportedModelScopes,
-		AccountCount:         g.AccountCount,
-		SortOrder:            g.SortOrder,
+		Group:                    groupFromServiceBase(g),
+		ModelRouting:             g.ModelRouting,
+		ModelRoutingEnabled:      g.ModelRoutingEnabled,
+		MCPXMLInject:             g.MCPXMLInject,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: g.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
+		SupportedModelScopes:     g.SupportedModelScopes,
+		AccountCount:             g.AccountCount,
+		SortOrder:                g.SortOrder,
 	}
 	if len(g.AccountGroups) > 0 {
 		out.AccountGroups = make([]AccountGroup, 0, len(g.AccountGroups))
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ func AccountFromServiceShallow(a *service.Account) *Account {
 		Extra:                   a.Extra,
 		ProxyID:                 a.ProxyID,
 		Concurrency:             a.Concurrency,
+		LoadFactor:              a.LoadFactor,
 		Priority:                a.Priority,
 		RateMultiplier:          a.BillingRateMultiplier(),
 		Status:                  a.Status,
@@ -248,6 +250,17 @@ func AccountFromServiceShallow(a *service.Account) *Account {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// 提取 API Key 账号配额限制（仅 apikey 类型有效）
+	if a.Type == service.AccountTypeAPIKey {
+		if limit := a.GetQuotaLimit(); limit > 0 {
+			out.QuotaLimit = &limit
+		}
+		used := a.GetQuotaUsed()
+		if out.QuotaLimit != nil {
+			out.QuotaUsed = &used
+		}
+	}
+
 	return out
 }
 

backend/internal/handler/dto/types.go

@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ type AdminGroup struct {
 
 	// MCP XML 协议注入（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	MCPXMLInject bool `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
+	// Claude usage 模拟开关（仅管理员可见）
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
 
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes []string       `json:"supported_model_scopes"`
@@ -131,6 +133,7 @@ type Account struct {
 	Extra              map[string]any `json:"extra"`
 	ProxyID            *int64         `json:"proxy_id"`
 	Concurrency        int            `json:"concurrency"`
+	LoadFactor         *int           `json:"load_factor,omitempty"`
 	Priority           int            `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier     float64        `json:"rate_multiplier"`
 	Status             string         `json:"status"`
@@ -185,6 +188,10 @@ type Account struct {
 	CacheTTLOverrideEnabled *bool   `json:"cache_ttl_override_enabled,omitempty"`
 	CacheTTLOverrideTarget  *string `json:"cache_ttl_override_target,omitempty"`
 
+	// API Key 账号配额限制
+	QuotaLimit *float64 `json:"quota_limit,omitempty"`
+	QuotaUsed  *float64 `json:"quota_used,omitempty"`
+
 	Proxy         *Proxy         `json:"proxy,omitempty"`
 	AccountGroups []AccountGroup `json:"account_groups,omitempty"`
 

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler.go

@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 				if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(ctx, &service.RecordUsageInput{
 					Result:            result,
+					ParsedRequest:     parsedReq,
 					APIKey:            apiKey,
 					User:              apiKey.User,
 					Account:           account,
@@ -630,6 +631,7 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			// ===== 用户消息串行队列 END =====
 
 			// 转发请求 - 根据账号平台分流
+			c.Set("parsed_request", parsedReq)
 			var result *service.ForwardResult
 			requestCtx := c.Request.Context()
 			if fs.SwitchCount > 0 {
@@ -734,6 +736,7 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 				if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(ctx, &service.RecordUsageInput{
 					Result:            result,
+					ParsedRequest:     parsedReq,
 					APIKey:            currentAPIKey,
 					User:              currentAPIKey.User,
 					Account:           account,

backend/internal/handler/sora_client_handler_test.go

@@ -2132,6 +2132,14 @@ func (r *stubAccountRepoForHandler) BulkUpdate(context.Context, []int64, service
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+func (r *stubAccountRepoForHandler) IncrementQuotaUsed(context.Context, int64, float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *stubAccountRepoForHandler) ResetQuotaUsed(context.Context, int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ==================== Stub: SoraClient (用于 SoraGatewayService) ====================
 
 var _ service.SoraClient = (*stubSoraClientForHandler)(nil)

backend/internal/handler/sora_gateway_handler_test.go

@@ -216,6 +216,14 @@ func (r *stubAccountRepo) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates s
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+func (r *stubAccountRepo) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *stubAccountRepo) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (r *stubAccountRepo) listSchedulable() []service.Account {
 	var result []service.Account
 	for _, acc := range r.accounts {

backend/internal/pkg/antigravity/stream_transformer.go

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ const (
 	BlockTypeFunction
 )
 
+// UsageMapHook is a callback that can modify usage data before it's emitted in SSE events.
+type UsageMapHook func(usageMap map[string]any)
+
 // StreamingProcessor 流式响应处理器
 type StreamingProcessor struct {
 	blockType         BlockType
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ type StreamingProcessor struct {
 	originalModel     string
 	webSearchQueries  []string
 	groundingChunks   []GeminiGroundingChunk
+	usageMapHook      UsageMapHook
 
 	// 累计 usage
 	inputTokens     int
@@ -45,6 +49,25 @@ func NewStreamingProcessor(originalModel string) *StreamingProcessor {
 	}
 }
 
+// SetUsageMapHook sets an optional hook that modifies usage maps before they are emitted.
+func (p *StreamingProcessor) SetUsageMapHook(fn UsageMapHook) {
+	p.usageMapHook = fn
+}
+
+func usageToMap(u ClaudeUsage) map[string]any {
+	m := map[string]any{
+		"input_tokens":  u.InputTokens,
+		"output_tokens": u.OutputTokens,
+	}
+	if u.CacheCreationInputTokens > 0 {
+		m["cache_creation_input_tokens"] = u.CacheCreationInputTokens
+	}
+	if u.CacheReadInputTokens > 0 {
+		m["cache_read_input_tokens"] = u.CacheReadInputTokens
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
 // ProcessLine 处理 SSE 行，返回 Claude SSE 事件
 func (p *StreamingProcessor) ProcessLine(line string) []byte {
 	line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
@@ -158,6 +181,13 @@ func (p *StreamingProcessor) emitMessageStart(v1Resp *V1InternalResponse) []byte
 		responseID = "msg_" + generateRandomID()
 	}
 
+	var usageValue any = usage
+	if p.usageMapHook != nil {
+		usageMap := usageToMap(usage)
+		p.usageMapHook(usageMap)
+		usageValue = usageMap
+	}
+
 	message := map[string]any{
 		"id":            responseID,
 		"type":          "message",
@@ -166,7 +196,7 @@ func (p *StreamingProcessor) emitMessageStart(v1Resp *V1InternalResponse) []byte
 		"model":         p.originalModel,
 		"stop_reason":   nil,
 		"stop_sequence": nil,
-		"usage":         usage,
+		"usage":         usageValue,
 	}
 
 	event := map[string]any{
@@ -477,13 +507,20 @@ func (p *StreamingProcessor) emitFinish(finishReason string) []byte {
 		CacheReadInputTokens: p.cacheReadTokens,
 	}
 
+	var usageValue any = usage
+	if p.usageMapHook != nil {
+		usageMap := usageToMap(usage)
+		p.usageMapHook(usageMap)
+		usageValue = usageMap
+	}
+
 	deltaEvent := map[string]any{
 		"type": "message_delta",
 		"delta": map[string]any{
 			"stop_reason":   stopReason,
 			"stop_sequence": nil,
 		},
-		"usage": usage,
+		"usage": usageValue,
 	}
 
 	_, _ = result.Write(p.formatSSE("message_delta", deltaEvent))

backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go

@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 	if account.RateMultiplier != nil {
 		builder.SetRateMultiplier(*account.RateMultiplier)
 	}
+	if account.LoadFactor != nil {
+		builder.SetLoadFactor(*account.LoadFactor)
+	}
 
 	if account.ProxyID != nil {
 		builder.SetProxyID(*account.ProxyID)
@@ -318,6 +321,11 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 	if account.RateMultiplier != nil {
 		builder.SetRateMultiplier(*account.RateMultiplier)
 	}
+	if account.LoadFactor != nil {
+		builder.SetLoadFactor(*account.LoadFactor)
+	} else {
+		builder.ClearLoadFactor()
+	}
 
 	if account.ProxyID != nil {
 		builder.SetProxyID(*account.ProxyID)
@@ -1223,6 +1231,15 @@ func (r *accountRepository) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates
 		args = append(args, *updates.RateMultiplier)
 		idx++
 	}
+	if updates.LoadFactor != nil {
+		if *updates.LoadFactor <= 0 {
+			setClauses = append(setClauses, "load_factor = NULL")
+		} else {
+			setClauses = append(setClauses, "load_factor = $"+itoa(idx))
+			args = append(args, *updates.LoadFactor)
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
 	if updates.Status != nil {
 		setClauses = append(setClauses, "status = $"+itoa(idx))
 		args = append(args, *updates.Status)
@@ -1545,6 +1562,7 @@ func accountEntityToService(m *dbent.Account) *service.Account {
 		Concurrency:             m.Concurrency,
 		Priority:                m.Priority,
 		RateMultiplier:          &rateMultiplier,
+		LoadFactor:              m.LoadFactor,
 		Status:                  m.Status,
 		ErrorMessage:            derefString(m.ErrorMessage),
 		LastUsedAt:              m.LastUsedAt,
@@ -1657,3 +1675,60 @@ func (r *accountRepository) FindByExtraField(ctx context.Context, key string, va
 
 	return r.accountsToService(ctx, accounts)
 }
+
+// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增账号的 extra.quota_used 字段
+func (r *accountRepository) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	rows, err := r.sql.QueryContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = jsonb_set(
+			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb),
+			'{quota_used}',
+			to_jsonb(COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0) + $1)
+		), updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+		RETURNING
+			COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0),
+			COALESCE((extra->>'quota_limit')::numeric, 0)`,
+		amount, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
+
+	var newUsed, limit float64
+	if rows.Next() {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&newUsed, &limit); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 配额刚超限时触发调度快照刷新，使账号及时从调度候选中移除
+	if limit > 0 && newUsed >= limit && (newUsed-amount) < limit {
+		if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue quota exceeded failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ResetQuotaUsed 重置账号的 extra.quota_used 为 0
+func (r *accountRepository) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	_, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = jsonb_set(
+			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb),
+			'{quota_used}',
+			'0'::jsonb
+		), updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
+		id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// 重置配额后触发调度快照刷新，使账号重新参与调度
+	if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue quota reset failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/api_key_repo.go

@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ func (r *apiKeyRepository) GetByKeyForAuth(ctx context.Context, key string) (*se
 				group.FieldModelRoutingEnabled,
 				group.FieldModelRouting,
 				group.FieldMcpXMLInject,
+				group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 				group.FieldSupportedModelScopes,
 			)
 		}).
@@ -617,6 +618,7 @@ func groupEntityToService(g *dbent.Group) *service.Group {
 		ModelRouting:                    g.ModelRouting,
 		ModelRoutingEnabled:             g.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    g.McpXMLInject,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        g.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            g.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SortOrder:                       g.SortOrder,
 		CreatedAt:                       g.CreatedAt,

backend/internal/repository/claude_usage_service.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
+	infraerrors "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/httpclient"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 )
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@ func (s *claudeUsageService) FetchUsageWithOptions(ctx context.Context, opts *se
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+		return nil, infraerrors.New(http.StatusInternalServerError, "UPSTREAM_ERROR", msg)
 	}
 
 	var usageResp service.ClaudeUsageResponse

backend/internal/repository/group_repo.go

@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ func (r *groupRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, groupIn *service.Group) er
 		SetNillableFallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest(groupIn.FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest).
 		SetModelRoutingEnabled(groupIn.ModelRoutingEnabled).
 		SetMcpXMLInject(groupIn.MCPXMLInject).
-		SetSoraStorageQuotaBytes(groupIn.SoraStorageQuotaBytes)
+		SetSoraStorageQuotaBytes(groupIn.SoraStorageQuotaBytes).
+		SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(groupIn.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
 
 	// 设置模型路由配置
 	if groupIn.ModelRouting != nil {
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ func (r *groupRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, groupIn *service.Group) er
 		SetClaudeCodeOnly(groupIn.ClaudeCodeOnly).
 		SetModelRoutingEnabled(groupIn.ModelRoutingEnabled).
 		SetMcpXMLInject(groupIn.MCPXMLInject).
-		SetSoraStorageQuotaBytes(groupIn.SoraStorageQuotaBytes)
+		SetSoraStorageQuotaBytes(groupIn.SoraStorageQuotaBytes).
+		SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(groupIn.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
 
 	// 显式处理可空字段：nil 需要 clear，非 nil 需要 set。
 	if groupIn.DailyLimitUSD != nil {

backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo.go

@@ -1870,7 +1870,7 @@ func (r *usageLogRepository) GetGroupStatsWithFilters(ctx context.Context, start
 	query := `
 		SELECT
 			COALESCE(ul.group_id, 0) as group_id,
-			COALESCE(g.name, '') as group_name,
+			COALESCE(g.name, '(无分组)') as group_name,
 			COUNT(*) as requests,
 			COALESCE(SUM(ul.input_tokens + ul.output_tokens + ul.cache_creation_tokens + ul.cache_read_tokens), 0) as total_tokens,
 			COALESCE(SUM(ul.total_cost), 0) as cost,

backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go

@@ -1096,6 +1096,14 @@ func (s *stubAccountRepo) UpdateExtra(ctx context.Context, id int64, updates map
 	return errors.New("not implemented")
 }
 
+func (s *stubAccountRepo) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return errors.New("not implemented")
+}
+
+func (s *stubAccountRepo) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return errors.New("not implemented")
+}
+
 func (s *stubAccountRepo) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates service.AccountBulkUpdate) (int64, error) {
 	s.bulkUpdateIDs = append([]int64{}, ids...)
 	return int64(len(ids)), nil

backend/internal/server/routes/admin.go

@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ func registerAccountRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup, h *handler.Handlers) {
 		accounts.GET("/:id/today-stats", h.Admin.Account.GetTodayStats)
 		accounts.POST("/today-stats/batch", h.Admin.Account.GetBatchTodayStats)
 		accounts.POST("/:id/clear-rate-limit", h.Admin.Account.ClearRateLimit)
+		accounts.POST("/:id/reset-quota", h.Admin.Account.ResetQuota)
 		accounts.GET("/:id/temp-unschedulable", h.Admin.Account.GetTempUnschedulable)
 		accounts.DELETE("/:id/temp-unschedulable", h.Admin.Account.ClearTempUnschedulable)
 		accounts.POST("/:id/schedulable", h.Admin.Account.SetSchedulable)

backend/internal/service/account.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type Account struct {
 	// RateMultiplier 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0 表示该账号计费为 0）。
 	// 使用指针用于兼容旧版本调度缓存（Redis）中缺字段的情况：nil 表示按 1.0 处理。
 	RateMultiplier     *float64
+	LoadFactor         *int // 调度负载因子；nil 表示使用 Concurrency
 	Status             string
 	ErrorMessage       string
 	LastUsedAt         *time.Time
@@ -88,6 +89,19 @@ func (a *Account) BillingRateMultiplier() float64 {
 	return *a.RateMultiplier
 }
 
+func (a *Account) EffectiveLoadFactor() int {
+	if a == nil {
+		return 1
+	}
+	if a.LoadFactor != nil && *a.LoadFactor > 0 {
+		return *a.LoadFactor
+	}
+	if a.Concurrency > 0 {
+		return a.Concurrency
+	}
+	return 1
+}
+
 func (a *Account) IsSchedulable() bool {
 	if !a.IsActive() || !a.Schedulable {
 		return false
@@ -1117,6 +1131,38 @@ func (a *Account) GetCacheTTLOverrideTarget() string {
 	return "5m"
 }
 
+// GetQuotaLimit 获取 API Key 账号的配额限制（美元）
+// 返回 0 表示未启用
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaLimit() float64 {
+	if a.Extra == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if v, ok := a.Extra["quota_limit"]; ok {
+		return parseExtraFloat64(v)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// GetQuotaUsed 获取 API Key 账号的已用配额（美元）
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaUsed() float64 {
+	if a.Extra == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if v, ok := a.Extra["quota_used"]; ok {
+		return parseExtraFloat64(v)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// IsQuotaExceeded 检查 API Key 账号配额是否已超限
+func (a *Account) IsQuotaExceeded() bool {
+	limit := a.GetQuotaLimit()
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return a.GetQuotaUsed() >= limit
+}
+
 // GetWindowCostLimit 获取 5h 窗口费用阈值（美元）
 // 返回 0 表示未启用
 func (a *Account) GetWindowCostLimit() float64 {

backend/internal/service/account_load_factor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NilAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	var a *Account
+	require.Equal(t, 1, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NilLoadFactor_PositiveConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 5}
+	require.Equal(t, 5, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NilLoadFactor_ZeroConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 0}
+	require.Equal(t, 1, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_PositiveLoadFactor(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 5, LoadFactor: intPtr(20)}
+	require.Equal(t, 20, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_ZeroLoadFactor_FallbackToConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 5, LoadFactor: intPtr(0)}
+	require.Equal(t, 5, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NegativeLoadFactor_FallbackToConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 3, LoadFactor: intPtr(-1)}
+	require.Equal(t, 3, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_ZeroLoadFactor_ZeroConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 0, LoadFactor: intPtr(0)}
+	require.Equal(t, 1, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}

backend/internal/service/account_service.go

@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ type AccountRepository interface {
 	UpdateSessionWindow(ctx context.Context, id int64, start, end *time.Time, status string) error
 	UpdateExtra(ctx context.Context, id int64, updates map[string]any) error
 	BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates AccountBulkUpdate) (int64, error)
+	// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增 API Key 账号的配额用量
+	IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error
+	// ResetQuotaUsed 重置 API Key 账号的配额用量为 0
+	ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 }
 
 // AccountBulkUpdate describes the fields that can be updated in a bulk operation.
@@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ type AccountBulkUpdate struct {
 	Concurrency    *int
 	Priority       *int
 	RateMultiplier *float64
+	LoadFactor     *int
 	Status         *string
 	Schedulable    *bool
 	Credentials    map[string]any

backend/internal/service/account_service_delete_test.go

@@ -199,6 +199,14 @@ func (s *accountRepoStub) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates A
 	panic("unexpected BulkUpdate call")
 }
 
+func (s *accountRepoStub) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *accountRepoStub) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // TestAccountService_Delete_NotFound 测试删除不存在的账号时返回正确的错误。
 // 预期行为：
 //   - ExistsByID 返回 false（账号不存在）

backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) TestAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, accountID int
 	}
 
 	if account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity {
-		return s.testAntigravityAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+		return s.routeAntigravityTest(c, account, modelID)
 	}
 
 	if account.Platform == PlatformSora {
@@ -1177,6 +1177,18 @@ func truncateSoraErrorBody(body []byte, max int) string {
 	return soraerror.TruncateBody(body, max)
 }
 
+// routeAntigravityTest 路由 Antigravity 账号的测试请求。
+// APIKey 类型走原生协议（与 gateway_handler 路由一致），OAuth/Upstream 走 CRS 中转。
+func (s *AccountTestService) routeAntigravityTest(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string) error {
+	if account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(modelID, "gemini-") {
+			return s.testGeminiAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+		}
+		return s.testClaudeAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+	}
+	return s.testAntigravityAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+}
+
 // testAntigravityAccountConnection tests an Antigravity account's connection
 // 支持 Claude 和 Gemini 两种协议，使用非流式请求
 func (s *AccountTestService) testAntigravityAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string) error {

backend/internal/service/admin_service.go

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ type AdminService interface {
 	DeleteRedeemCode(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 	BatchDeleteRedeemCodes(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) (int64, error)
 	ExpireRedeemCode(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*RedeemCode, error)
+	ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 }
 
 // CreateUserInput represents input for creating a new user via admin operations.
@@ -137,9 +138,10 @@ type CreateGroupInput struct {
 	// 无效请求兜底分组 ID（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64
-	ModelRoutingEnabled bool // 是否启用模型路由
-	MCPXMLInject        *bool
+	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64
+	ModelRoutingEnabled      bool // 是否启用模型路由
+	MCPXMLInject             *bool
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes []string
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -173,9 +175,10 @@ type UpdateGroupInput struct {
 	// 无效请求兜底分组 ID（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64
-	ModelRoutingEnabled *bool // 是否启用模型路由
-	MCPXMLInject        *bool
+	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64
+	ModelRoutingEnabled      *bool // 是否启用模型路由
+	MCPXMLInject             *bool
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes *[]string
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -195,6 +198,7 @@ type CreateAccountInput struct {
 	Concurrency        int
 	Priority           int
 	RateMultiplier     *float64 // 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0）
+	LoadFactor         *int
 	GroupIDs           []int64
 	ExpiresAt          *int64
 	AutoPauseOnExpired *bool
@@ -215,6 +219,7 @@ type UpdateAccountInput struct {
 	Concurrency           *int     // 使用指针区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
 	Priority              *int     // 使用指针区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
 	RateMultiplier        *float64 // 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0）
+	LoadFactor            *int
 	Status                string
 	GroupIDs              *[]int64
 	ExpiresAt             *int64
@@ -230,6 +235,7 @@ type BulkUpdateAccountsInput struct {
 	Concurrency    *int
 	Priority       *int
 	RateMultiplier *float64 // 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0）
+	LoadFactor     *int
 	Status         string
 	Schedulable    *bool
 	GroupIDs       *[]int64
@@ -353,6 +359,10 @@ type ProxyExitInfoProber interface {
 	ProbeProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyURL string) (*ProxyExitInfo, int64, error)
 }
 
+type groupExistenceBatchReader interface {
+	ExistsByIDs(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) (map[int64]bool, error)
+}
+
 type proxyQualityTarget struct {
 	Target          string
 	URL             string
@@ -428,10 +438,6 @@ type userGroupRateBatchReader interface {
 	GetByUserIDs(ctx context.Context, userIDs []int64) (map[int64]map[int64]float64, error)
 }
 
-type groupExistenceBatchReader interface {
-	ExistsByIDs(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) (map[int64]bool, error)
-}
-
 // NewAdminService creates a new AdminService
 func NewAdminService(
 	userRepo UserRepository,
@@ -847,6 +853,13 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, input *CreateGroupIn
 	if input.MCPXMLInject != nil {
 		mcpXMLInject = *input.MCPXMLInject
 	}
+	simulateClaudeMaxEnabled := false
+	if input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled != nil {
+		if platform != PlatformAnthropic && *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
+		}
+		simulateClaudeMaxEnabled = *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled
+	}
 
 	// 如果指定了复制账号的源分组，先获取账号 ID 列表
 	var accountIDsToCopy []int64
@@ -903,6 +916,7 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, input *CreateGroupIn
 		FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest: fallbackOnInvalidRequest,
 		ModelRouting:                    input.ModelRouting,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    mcpXMLInject,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        simulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            input.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SoraStorageQuotaBytes:           input.SoraStorageQuotaBytes,
 	}
@@ -1112,6 +1126,15 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *Upd
 	if input.MCPXMLInject != nil {
 		group.MCPXMLInject = *input.MCPXMLInject
 	}
+	if input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled != nil {
+		if group.Platform != PlatformAnthropic && *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
+		}
+		group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled
+	}
+	if group.Platform != PlatformAnthropic {
+		group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = false
+	}
 
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	if input.SupportedModelScopes != nil {
@@ -1413,6 +1436,9 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateAccount(ctx context.Context, input *CreateAccou
 		}
 		account.RateMultiplier = input.RateMultiplier
 	}
+	if input.LoadFactor != nil && *input.LoadFactor > 0 {
+		account.LoadFactor = input.LoadFactor
+	}
 	if err := s.accountRepo.Create(ctx, account); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1458,6 +1484,10 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateAccount(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *U
 		account.Credentials = input.Credentials
 	}
 	if len(input.Extra) > 0 {
+		// 保留 quota_used，防止编辑账号时意外重置配额用量
+		if oldQuotaUsed, ok := account.Extra["quota_used"]; ok {
+			input.Extra["quota_used"] = oldQuotaUsed
+		}
 		account.Extra = input.Extra
 	}
 	if input.ProxyID != nil {
@@ -1483,6 +1513,13 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateAccount(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *U
 		}
 		account.RateMultiplier = input.RateMultiplier
 	}
+	if input.LoadFactor != nil {
+		if *input.LoadFactor <= 0 {
+			account.LoadFactor = nil // 0 或负数表示清除
+		} else {
+			account.LoadFactor = input.LoadFactor
+		}
+	}
 	if input.Status != "" {
 		account.Status = input.Status
 	}
@@ -1616,6 +1653,9 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) BulkUpdateAccounts(ctx context.Context, input *BulkUp
 	if input.RateMultiplier != nil {
 		repoUpdates.RateMultiplier = input.RateMultiplier
 	}
+	if input.LoadFactor != nil {
+		repoUpdates.LoadFactor = input.LoadFactor
+	}
 	if input.Status != "" {
 		repoUpdates.Status = &input.Status
 	}
@@ -2439,3 +2479,7 @@ func (e *MixedChannelError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("mixed_channel_warning: Group '%s' contains both %s and %s accounts. Using mixed channels in the same context may cause thinking block signature validation issues, which will fallback to non-thinking mode for historical messages.",
 		e.GroupName, e.CurrentPlatform, e.OtherPlatform)
 }
+
+func (s *adminServiceImpl) ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return s.accountRepo.ResetQuotaUsed(ctx, id)
+}

backend/internal/service/admin_service_bulk_update_test.go

@@ -43,6 +43,16 @@ func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) BindGroups(_ context.Context, accountID i
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) ListByGroup(_ context.Context, groupID int64) ([]Account, error) {
+	if err, ok := s.listByGroupErr[groupID]; ok {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if rows, ok := s.listByGroupData[groupID]; ok {
+		return rows, nil
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) GetByIDs(_ context.Context, ids []int64) ([]*Account, error) {
 	s.getByIDsCalled = true
 	s.getByIDsIDs = append([]int64{}, ids...)
@@ -63,16 +73,6 @@ func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) GetByID(_ context.Context, id int64) (*Ac
 	return nil, errors.New("account not found")
 }
 
-func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) ListByGroup(_ context.Context, groupID int64) ([]Account, error) {
-	if err, ok := s.listByGroupErr[groupID]; ok {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if rows, ok := s.listByGroupData[groupID]; ok {
-		return rows, nil
-	}
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
 // TestAdminService_BulkUpdateAccounts_AllSuccessIDs 验证批量更新成功时返回 success_ids/failed_ids。
 func TestAdminService_BulkUpdateAccounts_AllSuccessIDs(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := &accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate{}

backend/internal/service/admin_service_group_test.go

@@ -785,3 +785,57 @@ func TestAdminService_UpdateGroup_InvalidRequestFallbackAllowsAntigravity(t *tes
 	require.NotNil(t, repo.updated)
 	require.Equal(t, fallbackID, *repo.updated.FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest)
 }
+
+func TestAdminService_CreateGroup_SimulateClaudeMaxRequiresAnthropic(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &groupRepoStubForAdmin{}
+	svc := &adminServiceImpl{groupRepo: repo}
+
+	enabled := true
+	_, err := svc.CreateGroup(context.Background(), &CreateGroupInput{
+		Name:                     "openai-group",
+		Platform:                 PlatformOpenAI,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: &enabled,
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
+	require.Nil(t, repo.created)
+}
+
+func TestAdminService_UpdateGroup_SimulateClaudeMaxRequiresAnthropic(t *testing.T) {
+	existingGroup := &Group{
+		ID:       1,
+		Name:     "openai-group",
+		Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+		Status:   StatusActive,
+	}
+	repo := &groupRepoStubForAdmin{getByID: existingGroup}
+	svc := &adminServiceImpl{groupRepo: repo}
+
+	enabled := true
+	_, err := svc.UpdateGroup(context.Background(), 1, &UpdateGroupInput{
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: &enabled,
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
+	require.Nil(t, repo.updated)
+}
+
+func TestAdminService_UpdateGroup_ClearsSimulateClaudeMaxWhenPlatformChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	existingGroup := &Group{
+		ID:                       1,
+		Name:                     "anthropic-group",
+		Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
+		Status:                   StatusActive,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: true,
+	}
+	repo := &groupRepoStubForAdmin{getByID: existingGroup}
+	svc := &adminServiceImpl{groupRepo: repo}
+
+	group, err := svc.UpdateGroup(context.Background(), 1, &UpdateGroupInput{
+		Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, group)
+	require.NotNil(t, repo.updated)
+	require.False(t, repo.updated.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
+}

backend/internal/service/antigravity_gateway_service.go

@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 	var clientDisconnect bool
 	if claudeReq.Stream {
 		// 客户端要求流式，直接透传转换
-		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, startTime, originalModel)
+		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, startTime, originalModel, account.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.antigravity_gateway", "%s status=stream_error error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, err
@@ -1609,7 +1609,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		clientDisconnect = streamRes.clientDisconnect
 	} else {
 		// 客户端要求非流式，收集流式响应后转换返回
-		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c, resp, startTime, originalModel)
+		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c, resp, startTime, originalModel, account.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.antigravity_gateway", "%s status=stream_collect_error error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, err
@@ -1618,6 +1618,9 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		firstTokenMs = streamRes.firstTokenMs
 	}
 
+	// Claude Max cache billing: 同步 ForwardResult.Usage 与客户端响应体一致
+	applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(usage, parsedRequestFromGinContext(c), claudeMaxGroupFromGinContext(c), originalModel, account.ID)
+
 	return &ForwardResult{
 		RequestID:        requestID,
 		Usage:            *usage,
@@ -3415,7 +3418,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) writeGoogleError(c *gin.Context, status int,
 
 // handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming 收集上游流式响应，转换为 Claude 非流式格式返回
 // 用于处理客户端非流式请求但上游只支持流式的情况
-func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
+func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string, accountID int64) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
 	maxLineSize := defaultMaxLineSize
 	if s.settingService.cfg != nil && s.settingService.cfg.Gateway.MaxLineSize > 0 {
@@ -3573,6 +3576,9 @@ returnResponse:
 		return nil, s.writeClaudeError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Failed to parse upstream response")
 	}
 
+	// Claude Max cache billing simulation (non-streaming)
+	claudeResp = applyClaudeMaxNonStreamingRewrite(c, claudeResp, agUsage, originalModel, accountID)
+
 	c.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json", claudeResp)
 
 	// 转换为 service.ClaudeUsage
@@ -3587,7 +3593,7 @@ returnResponse:
 }
 
 // handleClaudeStreamingResponse 处理 Claude 流式响应（Gemini SSE → Claude SSE 转换）
-func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
+func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string, accountID int64) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
 	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
 	c.Header("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
 	c.Header("Connection", "keep-alive")
@@ -3600,6 +3606,8 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c *gin.Context
 	}
 
 	processor := antigravity.NewStreamingProcessor(originalModel)
+	setupClaudeMaxStreamingHook(c, processor, originalModel, accountID)
+
 	var firstTokenMs *int
 	// 使用 Scanner 并限制单行大小，避免 ReadString 无上限导致 OOM
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)

backend/internal/service/antigravity_gateway_service_test.go

@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_NormalComplete(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(pw, "")
 	}()
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5")
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5", 0)
 	_ = pr.Close()
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_ThoughtsTokenCount(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(pw, "")
 	}()
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "gemini-2.5-pro")
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "gemini-2.5-pro", 0)
 	_ = pr.Close()
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_ClientDisconnect(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(pw, "")
 	}()
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5")
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5", 0)
 	_ = pr.Close()
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_ContextCanceled(t *testing.T) {
 
 	resp := &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Body: cancelReadCloser{}, Header: http.Header{}}
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5")
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5", 0)
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, result)

backend/internal/service/api_key_auth_cache.go

@@ -59,9 +59,10 @@ type APIKeyAuthGroupSnapshot struct {
 
 	// Model routing is used by gateway account selection, so it must be part of auth cache snapshot.
 	// Only anthropic groups use these fields; others may leave them empty.
-	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing,omitempty"`
-	ModelRoutingEnabled bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
-	MCPXMLInject        bool               `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
+	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing,omitempty"`
+	ModelRoutingEnabled      bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
+	MCPXMLInject             bool               `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool               `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
 
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes []string `json:"supported_model_scopes,omitempty"`

backend/internal/service/api_key_auth_cache_impl.go

@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ func (s *APIKeyService) snapshotFromAPIKey(apiKey *APIKey) *APIKeyAuthSnapshot {
 			ModelRouting:                    apiKey.Group.ModelRouting,
 			ModelRoutingEnabled:             apiKey.Group.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 			MCPXMLInject:                    apiKey.Group.MCPXMLInject,
+			SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        apiKey.Group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 			SupportedModelScopes:            apiKey.Group.SupportedModelScopes,
 		}
 	}
@@ -301,6 +302,7 @@ func (s *APIKeyService) snapshotToAPIKey(key string, snapshot *APIKeyAuthSnapsho
 			ModelRouting:                    snapshot.Group.ModelRouting,
 			ModelRoutingEnabled:             snapshot.Group.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 			MCPXMLInject:                    snapshot.Group.MCPXMLInject,
+			SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        snapshot.Group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 			SupportedModelScopes:            snapshot.Group.SupportedModelScopes,
 		}
 	}

backend/internal/service/claude_max_cache_billing_policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/claude"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+type claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome struct {
+	Simulated bool
+}
+
+func applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(usage *ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest, group *Group, model string, accountID int64) claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome {
+	var out claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome
+	if usage == nil || !shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(group, model, parsed) {
+		return out
+	}
+
+	resolvedModel := strings.TrimSpace(model)
+	if resolvedModel == "" && parsed != nil {
+		resolvedModel = strings.TrimSpace(parsed.Model)
+	}
+
+	if hasCacheCreationTokens(*usage) {
+		// Upstream already returned cache creation usage; keep original usage.
+		return out
+	}
+
+	if !shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsageForUsage(*usage, parsed) {
+		return out
+	}
+	beforeInputTokens := usage.InputTokens
+	out.Simulated = safelyProjectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage, parsed)
+	if out.Simulated {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "simulate_claude_max_usage: model=%s account=%d input_tokens:%d->%d cache_creation_1h=%d",
+			resolvedModel,
+			accountID,
+			beforeInputTokens,
+			usage.InputTokens,
+			usage.CacheCreation1hTokens,
+		)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func isClaudeFamilyModel(model string) bool {
+	normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(claude.NormalizeModelID(model)))
+	if normalized == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(normalized, "claude-")
+}
+
+func shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRules(input *RecordUsageInput) bool {
+	if input == nil || input.Result == nil || input.APIKey == nil || input.APIKey.Group == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(input.APIKey.Group, input.Result.Model, input.ParsedRequest)
+}
+
+func shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(group *Group, model string, parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
+	if group == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled || group.Platform != PlatformAnthropic {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	resolvedModel := model
+	if resolvedModel == "" && parsed != nil {
+		resolvedModel = parsed.Model
+	}
+	if !isClaudeFamilyModel(resolvedModel) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func hasCacheCreationTokens(usage ClaudeUsage) bool {
+	return usage.CacheCreationInputTokens > 0 || usage.CacheCreation5mTokens > 0 || usage.CacheCreation1hTokens > 0
+}
+
+func shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input *RecordUsageInput) bool {
+	if input == nil || input.Result == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRules(input) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsageForUsage(input.Result.Usage, input.ParsedRequest)
+}
+
+func shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsageForUsage(usage ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
+	if usage.InputTokens <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if hasCacheCreationTokens(usage) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !hasClaudeCacheSignals(parsed) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func safelyProjectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage *ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest) (changed bool) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "simulate_claude_max_usage skipped: panic=%v", r)
+			changed = false
+		}
+	}()
+	return projectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage, parsed)
+}
+
+func projectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage *ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
+	if usage == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	totalWindowTokens := usage.InputTokens + usage.CacheCreation5mTokens + usage.CacheCreation1hTokens
+	if totalWindowTokens <= 1 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	simulatedInputTokens := computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(totalWindowTokens, parsed)
+	if simulatedInputTokens <= 0 {
+		simulatedInputTokens = 1
+	}
+	if simulatedInputTokens >= totalWindowTokens {
+		simulatedInputTokens = totalWindowTokens - 1
+	}
+
+	cacheCreation1hTokens := totalWindowTokens - simulatedInputTokens
+	if usage.InputTokens == simulatedInputTokens &&
+		usage.CacheCreation5mTokens == 0 &&
+		usage.CacheCreation1hTokens == cacheCreation1hTokens &&
+		usage.CacheCreationInputTokens == cacheCreation1hTokens {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	usage.InputTokens = simulatedInputTokens
+	usage.CacheCreation5mTokens = 0
+	usage.CacheCreation1hTokens = cacheCreation1hTokens
+	usage.CacheCreationInputTokens = cacheCreation1hTokens
+	return true
+}
+
+type claudeCacheProjection struct {
+	HasBreakpoint        bool
+	BreakpointCount      int
+	TotalEstimatedTokens int
+	TailEstimatedTokens  int
+}
+
+func computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(totalWindowTokens int, parsed *ParsedRequest) int {
+	if totalWindowTokens <= 1 {
+		return totalWindowTokens
+	}
+
+	projection := analyzeClaudeCacheProjection(parsed)
+	if !projection.HasBreakpoint || projection.TotalEstimatedTokens <= 0 || projection.TailEstimatedTokens <= 0 {
+		return totalWindowTokens
+	}
+
+	totalEstimate := int64(projection.TotalEstimatedTokens)
+	tailEstimate := int64(projection.TailEstimatedTokens)
+	if tailEstimate > totalEstimate {
+		tailEstimate = totalEstimate
+	}
+
+	scaled := (int64(totalWindowTokens)*tailEstimate + totalEstimate/2) / totalEstimate
+	if scaled <= 0 {
+		scaled = 1
+	}
+	if scaled >= int64(totalWindowTokens) {
+		scaled = int64(totalWindowTokens - 1)
+	}
+	return int(scaled)
+}
+
+func hasClaudeCacheSignals(parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
+	if parsed == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if hasTopLevelEphemeralCacheControl(parsed) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return countExplicitCacheBreakpoints(parsed) > 0
+}
+
+func hasTopLevelEphemeralCacheControl(parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
+	if parsed == nil || len(parsed.Body) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	cacheType := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(parsed.Body, "cache_control.type").String())
+	return strings.EqualFold(cacheType, "ephemeral")
+}
+
+func analyzeClaudeCacheProjection(parsed *ParsedRequest) claudeCacheProjection {
+	var projection claudeCacheProjection
+	if parsed == nil {
+		return projection
+	}
+
+	total := 0
+	lastBreakpointAt := -1
+
+	switch system := parsed.System.(type) {
+	case string:
+		total += claudeMaxMessageOverheadTokens + estimateClaudeTextTokens(system)
+	case []any:
+		for _, raw := range system {
+			block, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				total += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
+				continue
+			}
+			total += estimateClaudeBlockTokens(block)
+			if hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
+				lastBreakpointAt = total
+				projection.BreakpointCount++
+				projection.HasBreakpoint = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, rawMsg := range parsed.Messages {
+		total += claudeMaxMessageOverheadTokens
+		msg, ok := rawMsg.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			total += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
+			continue
+		}
+		content, exists := msg["content"]
+		if !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		msgTokens, msgLastBreak, msgBreakCount := estimateClaudeContentTokens(content)
+		total += msgTokens
+		if msgBreakCount > 0 {
+			lastBreakpointAt = total - msgTokens + msgLastBreak
+			projection.BreakpointCount += msgBreakCount
+			projection.HasBreakpoint = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if total <= 0 {
+		total = 1
+	}
+	projection.TotalEstimatedTokens = total
+
+	if projection.HasBreakpoint && lastBreakpointAt >= 0 {
+		tail := total - lastBreakpointAt
+		if tail <= 0 {
+			tail = 1
+		}
+		projection.TailEstimatedTokens = tail
+		return projection
+	}
+
+	if hasTopLevelEphemeralCacheControl(parsed) {
+		tail := estimateLastUserMessageTokens(parsed)
+		if tail <= 0 {
+			tail = 1
+		}
+		projection.HasBreakpoint = true
+		projection.BreakpointCount = 1
+		projection.TailEstimatedTokens = tail
+	}
+	return projection
+}
+
+func countExplicitCacheBreakpoints(parsed *ParsedRequest) int {
+	if parsed == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	total := 0
+	if system, ok := parsed.System.([]any); ok {
+		for _, raw := range system {
+			if block, ok := raw.(map[string]any); ok && hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
+				total++
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, rawMsg := range parsed.Messages {
+		msg, ok := rawMsg.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		content, ok := msg["content"].([]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, raw := range content {
+			if block, ok := raw.(map[string]any); ok && hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
+				total++
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func hasEphemeralCacheControl(block map[string]any) bool {
+	if block == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	raw, ok := block["cache_control"]
+	if !ok || raw == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch cc := raw.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		cacheType, _ := cc["type"].(string)
+		return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(cacheType), "ephemeral")
+	case map[string]string:
+		return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(cc["type"]), "ephemeral")
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func estimateClaudeContentTokens(content any) (tokens int, lastBreakAt int, breakpointCount int) {
+	switch value := content.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return estimateClaudeTextTokens(value), -1, 0
+	case []any:
+		total := 0
+		lastBreak := -1
+		breaks := 0
+		for _, raw := range value {
+			block, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				total += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
+				continue
+			}
+			total += estimateClaudeBlockTokens(block)
+			if hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
+				lastBreak = total
+				breaks++
+			}
+		}
+		return total, lastBreak, breaks
+	default:
+		return estimateStructuredTokens(value), -1, 0
+	}
+}
+
+func estimateClaudeBlockTokens(block map[string]any) int {
+	if block == nil {
+		return claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
+	}
+	tokens := claudeMaxBlockOverheadTokens
+	blockType, _ := block["type"].(string)
+	switch blockType {
+	case "text":
+		if text, ok := block["text"].(string); ok {
+			tokens += estimateClaudeTextTokens(text)
+		}
+	case "tool_result":
+		if content, ok := block["content"]; ok {
+			nested, _, _ := estimateClaudeContentTokens(content)
+			tokens += nested
+		}
+	case "tool_use":
+		if name, ok := block["name"].(string); ok {
+			tokens += estimateClaudeTextTokens(name)
+		}
+		if input, ok := block["input"]; ok {
+			tokens += estimateStructuredTokens(input)
+		}
+	default:
+		if text, ok := block["text"].(string); ok {
+			tokens += estimateClaudeTextTokens(text)
+		} else if content, ok := block["content"]; ok {
+			nested, _, _ := estimateClaudeContentTokens(content)
+			tokens += nested
+		}
+	}
+	if tokens <= claudeMaxBlockOverheadTokens {
+		tokens += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
+	}
+	return tokens
+}
+
+func estimateLastUserMessageTokens(parsed *ParsedRequest) int {
+	if parsed == nil || len(parsed.Messages) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	for i := len(parsed.Messages) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		msg, ok := parsed.Messages[i].(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		role, _ := msg["role"].(string)
+		if !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(role), "user") {
+			continue
+		}
+		tokens, _, _ := estimateClaudeContentTokens(msg["content"])
+		return claudeMaxMessageOverheadTokens + tokens
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func estimateStructuredTokens(v any) int {
+	if v == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
+	}
+	return estimateClaudeTextTokens(string(raw))
+}
+
+func estimateClaudeTextTokens(text string) int {
+	if tokens, ok := estimateTokensByThirdPartyTokenizer(text); ok {
+		return tokens
+	}
+	return estimateClaudeTextTokensHeuristic(text)
+}
+
+func estimateClaudeTextTokensHeuristic(text string) int {
+	normalized := strings.Join(strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(text)), " ")
+	if normalized == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	asciiChars := 0
+	nonASCIIChars := 0
+	for _, r := range normalized {
+		if r <= 127 {
+			asciiChars++
+		} else {
+			nonASCIIChars++
+		}
+	}
+	tokens := nonASCIIChars
+	if asciiChars > 0 {
+		tokens += (asciiChars + 3) / 4
+	}
+	if words := len(strings.Fields(normalized)); words > tokens {
+		tokens = words
+	}
+	if tokens <= 0 {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return tokens
+}

backend/internal/service/claude_max_simulation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestProjectUsageToClaudeMax1H_Conservation(t *testing.T) {
+	usage := &ClaudeUsage{
+		InputTokens:              1200,
+		CacheCreationInputTokens: 0,
+		CacheCreation5mTokens:    0,
+		CacheCreation1hTokens:    0,
+	}
+	parsed := &ParsedRequest{
+		Model: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		Messages: []any{
+			map[string]any{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": []any{
+					map[string]any{
+						"type":          "text",
+						"text":          strings.Repeat("cached context ", 200),
+						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
+					},
+					map[string]any{
+						"type": "text",
+						"text": "summarize quickly",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	changed := projectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage, parsed)
+	if !changed {
+		t.Fatalf("expected usage to be projected")
+	}
+
+	total := usage.InputTokens + usage.CacheCreation5mTokens + usage.CacheCreation1hTokens
+	if total != 1200 {
+		t.Fatalf("total tokens changed: got=%d want=%d", total, 1200)
+	}
+	if usage.CacheCreation5mTokens != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("cache_creation_5m should be 0, got=%d", usage.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	}
+	if usage.InputTokens <= 0 || usage.InputTokens >= 1200 {
+		t.Fatalf("simulated input out of range, got=%d", usage.InputTokens)
+	}
+	if usage.InputTokens > 100 {
+		t.Fatalf("simulated input should stay near cache breakpoint tail, got=%d", usage.InputTokens)
+	}
+	if usage.CacheCreation1hTokens <= 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("cache_creation_1h should be > 0, got=%d", usage.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+	}
+	if usage.CacheCreationInputTokens != usage.CacheCreation1hTokens {
+		t.Fatalf("cache_creation_input_tokens mismatch: got=%d want=%d", usage.CacheCreationInputTokens, usage.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComputeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	parsed := &ParsedRequest{
+		Model: "claude-opus-4-5",
+		Messages: []any{
+			map[string]any{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": []any{
+					map[string]any{
+						"type":          "text",
+						"text":          "build context",
+						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
+					},
+					map[string]any{
+						"type": "text",
+						"text": "what is failing now",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	got1 := computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(4096, parsed)
+	got2 := computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(4096, parsed)
+	if got1 != got2 {
+		t.Fatalf("non-deterministic input tokens: %d != %d", got1, got2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	group := &Group{
+		Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: true,
+	}
+	input := &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			Model: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:              3000,
+				CacheCreationInputTokens: 0,
+				CacheCreation5mTokens:    0,
+				CacheCreation1hTokens:    0,
+			},
+		},
+		ParsedRequest: &ParsedRequest{
+			Messages: []any{
+				map[string]any{
+					"role": "user",
+					"content": []any{
+						map[string]any{
+							"type":          "text",
+							"text":          "cached",
+							"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
+						},
+						map[string]any{
+							"type": "text",
+							"text": "tail",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{Group: group},
+	}
+
+	if !shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected simulate=true for claude group with cache signal")
+	}
+
+	input.ParsedRequest = &ParsedRequest{
+		Messages: []any{
+			map[string]any{"role": "user", "content": "no cache signal"},
+		},
+	}
+	if shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected simulate=false when request has no cache signal")
+	}
+
+	input.ParsedRequest = &ParsedRequest{
+		Messages: []any{
+			map[string]any{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": []any{
+					map[string]any{
+						"type":          "text",
+						"text":          "cached",
+						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	input.Result.Usage.CacheCreationInputTokens = 100
+	if shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected simulate=false when cache creation already exists")
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/claude_tokenizer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	tiktoken "github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go"
+	tiktokenloader "github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader"
+)
+
+var (
+	claudeTokenizerOnce sync.Once
+	claudeTokenizer     *tiktoken.Tiktoken
+)
+
+func getClaudeTokenizer() *tiktoken.Tiktoken {
+	claudeTokenizerOnce.Do(func() {
+		// Use offline loader to avoid runtime dictionary download.
+		tiktoken.SetBpeLoader(tiktokenloader.NewOfflineLoader())
+		// Use a high-capacity tokenizer as the default approximation for Claude payloads.
+		enc, err := tiktoken.GetEncoding(tiktoken.MODEL_O200K_BASE)
+		if err != nil {
+			enc, err = tiktoken.GetEncoding(tiktoken.MODEL_CL100K_BASE)
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			claudeTokenizer = enc
+		}
+	})
+	return claudeTokenizer
+}
+
+func estimateTokensByThirdPartyTokenizer(text string) (int, bool) {
+	enc := getClaudeTokenizer()
+	if enc == nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	tokens := len(enc.EncodeOrdinary(text))
+	if tokens <= 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return tokens, true
+}

backend/internal/service/concurrency_service.go

@@ -331,8 +331,9 @@ func (s *ConcurrencyService) StartSlotCleanupWorker(accountRepo AccountRepositor
 	}()
 }
 
-// GetAccountConcurrencyBatch gets current concurrency counts for multiple accounts
-// Returns a map of accountID -> current concurrency count
+// GetAccountConcurrencyBatch gets current concurrency counts for multiple accounts.
+// Uses a detached context with timeout to prevent HTTP request cancellation from
+// causing the entire batch to fail (which would show all concurrency as 0).
 func (s *ConcurrencyService) GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(ctx context.Context, accountIDs []int64) (map[int64]int, error) {
 	if len(accountIDs) == 0 {
 		return map[int64]int{}, nil
@@ -344,5 +345,11 @@ func (s *ConcurrencyService) GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(ctx context.Context, acc
 		}
 		return result, nil
 	}
-	return s.cache.GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(ctx, accountIDs)
+
+	// Use a detached context so that a cancelled HTTP request doesn't cause
+	// the Redis pipeline to fail and return all-zero concurrency counts.
+	redisCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	return s.cache.GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(redisCtx, accountIDs)
 }

backend/internal/service/error_passthrough_runtime_test.go

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func TestApplyErrorPassthroughRule_SkipMonitoringSetsContextKey(t *testing.T) {
 	v, exists := c.Get(OpsSkipPassthroughKey)
 	assert.True(t, exists, "OpsSkipPassthroughKey should be set when skip_monitoring=true")
 	boolVal, ok := v.(bool)
-	assert.True(t, ok, "value should be bool")
+	assert.True(t, ok, "value should be a bool")
 	assert.True(t, boolVal)
 }
 

backend/internal/service/gateway_claude_max_response_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/antigravity"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
+)
+
+type claudeMaxResponseRewriteContext struct {
+	Parsed *ParsedRequest
+	Group  *Group
+}
+
+type claudeMaxResponseRewriteContextKeyType struct{}
+
+var claudeMaxResponseRewriteContextKey = claudeMaxResponseRewriteContextKeyType{}
+
+func withClaudeMaxResponseRewriteContext(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, parsed *ParsedRequest) context.Context {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	value := claudeMaxResponseRewriteContext{
+		Parsed: parsed,
+		Group:  claudeMaxGroupFromGinContext(c),
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, claudeMaxResponseRewriteContextKey, value)
+}
+
+func claudeMaxResponseRewriteContextFromContext(ctx context.Context) claudeMaxResponseRewriteContext {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return claudeMaxResponseRewriteContext{}
+	}
+	value, _ := ctx.Value(claudeMaxResponseRewriteContextKey).(claudeMaxResponseRewriteContext)
+	return value
+}
+
+func claudeMaxGroupFromGinContext(c *gin.Context) *Group {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw, exists := c.Get("api_key")
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+	apiKey, ok := raw.(*APIKey)
+	if !ok || apiKey == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return apiKey.Group
+}
+
+func parsedRequestFromGinContext(c *gin.Context) *ParsedRequest {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw, exists := c.Get("parsed_request")
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parsed, _ := raw.(*ParsedRequest)
+	return parsed
+}
+
+func applyClaudeMaxSimulationToUsage(ctx context.Context, usage *ClaudeUsage, model string, accountID int64) claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome {
+	var out claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome
+	if usage == nil {
+		return out
+	}
+	rewriteCtx := claudeMaxResponseRewriteContextFromContext(ctx)
+	return applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(usage, rewriteCtx.Parsed, rewriteCtx.Group, model, accountID)
+}
+
+func applyClaudeMaxSimulationToUsageJSONMap(ctx context.Context, usageObj map[string]any, model string, accountID int64) claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome {
+	var out claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome
+	if usageObj == nil {
+		return out
+	}
+	usage := claudeUsageFromJSONMap(usageObj)
+	out = applyClaudeMaxSimulationToUsage(ctx, &usage, model, accountID)
+	if out.Simulated {
+		rewriteClaudeUsageJSONMap(usageObj, usage)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func rewriteClaudeUsageJSONBytes(body []byte, usage ClaudeUsage) []byte {
+	updated := body
+	var err error
+
+	updated, err = sjson.SetBytes(updated, "usage.input_tokens", usage.InputTokens)
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+	updated, err = sjson.SetBytes(updated, "usage.cache_creation_input_tokens", usage.CacheCreationInputTokens)
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+	updated, err = sjson.SetBytes(updated, "usage.cache_creation.ephemeral_5m_input_tokens", usage.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+	updated, err = sjson.SetBytes(updated, "usage.cache_creation.ephemeral_1h_input_tokens", usage.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+	return updated
+}
+
+func claudeUsageFromJSONMap(usageObj map[string]any) ClaudeUsage {
+	var usage ClaudeUsage
+	if usageObj == nil {
+		return usage
+	}
+
+	usage.InputTokens = usageIntFromAny(usageObj["input_tokens"])
+	usage.OutputTokens = usageIntFromAny(usageObj["output_tokens"])
+	usage.CacheCreationInputTokens = usageIntFromAny(usageObj["cache_creation_input_tokens"])
+	usage.CacheReadInputTokens = usageIntFromAny(usageObj["cache_read_input_tokens"])
+
+	if ccObj, ok := usageObj["cache_creation"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		usage.CacheCreation5mTokens = usageIntFromAny(ccObj["ephemeral_5m_input_tokens"])
+		usage.CacheCreation1hTokens = usageIntFromAny(ccObj["ephemeral_1h_input_tokens"])
+	}
+	return usage
+}
+
+func rewriteClaudeUsageJSONMap(usageObj map[string]any, usage ClaudeUsage) {
+	if usageObj == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	usageObj["input_tokens"] = usage.InputTokens
+	usageObj["cache_creation_input_tokens"] = usage.CacheCreationInputTokens
+
+	ccObj, _ := usageObj["cache_creation"].(map[string]any)
+	if ccObj == nil {
+		ccObj = make(map[string]any, 2)
+		usageObj["cache_creation"] = ccObj
+	}
+	ccObj["ephemeral_5m_input_tokens"] = usage.CacheCreation5mTokens
+	ccObj["ephemeral_1h_input_tokens"] = usage.CacheCreation1hTokens
+}
+
+func usageIntFromAny(v any) int {
+	switch value := v.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return value
+	case int64:
+		return int(value)
+	case float64:
+		return int(value)
+	case json.Number:
+		if n, err := value.Int64(); err == nil {
+			return int(n)
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// setupClaudeMaxStreamingHook 为 Antigravity 流式路径设置 SSE usage 改写 hook。
+func setupClaudeMaxStreamingHook(c *gin.Context, processor *antigravity.StreamingProcessor, originalModel string, accountID int64) {
+	group := claudeMaxGroupFromGinContext(c)
+	parsed := parsedRequestFromGinContext(c)
+	if !shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(group, originalModel, parsed) {
+		return
+	}
+	processor.SetUsageMapHook(func(usageMap map[string]any) {
+		svcUsage := claudeUsageFromJSONMap(usageMap)
+		outcome := applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(&svcUsage, parsed, group, originalModel, accountID)
+		if outcome.Simulated {
+			rewriteClaudeUsageJSONMap(usageMap, svcUsage)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// applyClaudeMaxNonStreamingRewrite 为 Antigravity 非流式路径改写响应体中的 usage。
+func applyClaudeMaxNonStreamingRewrite(c *gin.Context, claudeResp []byte, agUsage *antigravity.ClaudeUsage, originalModel string, accountID int64) []byte {
+	group := claudeMaxGroupFromGinContext(c)
+	parsed := parsedRequestFromGinContext(c)
+	if !shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(group, originalModel, parsed) {
+		return claudeResp
+	}
+	svcUsage := &ClaudeUsage{
+		InputTokens:              agUsage.InputTokens,
+		OutputTokens:             agUsage.OutputTokens,
+		CacheCreationInputTokens: agUsage.CacheCreationInputTokens,
+		CacheReadInputTokens:     agUsage.CacheReadInputTokens,
+	}
+	outcome := applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(svcUsage, parsed, group, originalModel, accountID)
+	if outcome.Simulated {
+		return rewriteClaudeUsageJSONBytes(claudeResp, *svcUsage)
+	}
+	return claudeResp
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_multiplatform_test.go

@@ -187,6 +187,14 @@ func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Verify interface implementation
 var _ AccountRepository = (*mockAccountRepoForPlatform)(nil)
 

backend/internal/service/gateway_record_usage_claude_max_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type usageLogRepoRecordUsageStub struct {
+	UsageLogRepository
+
+	last     *UsageLog
+	inserted bool
+	err      error
+}
+
+func (s *usageLogRepoRecordUsageStub) Create(_ context.Context, log *UsageLog) (bool, error) {
+	copied := *log
+	s.last = &copied
+	return s.inserted, s.err
+}
+
+func newGatewayServiceForRecordUsageTest(repo UsageLogRepository) *GatewayService {
+	return &GatewayService{
+		usageLogRepo:    repo,
+		billingService:  NewBillingService(&config.Config{}, nil),
+		cfg:             &config.Config{RunMode: config.RunModeSimple},
+		deferredService: &DeferredService{},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecordUsage_SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled_ProjectsUsageAndSkipsTTLOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &usageLogRepoRecordUsageStub{inserted: true}
+	svc := newGatewayServiceForRecordUsageTest(repo)
+
+	groupID := int64(11)
+	input := &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "req-sim-1",
+			Model:     "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens: 160,
+			},
+		},
+		ParsedRequest: &ParsedRequest{
+			Model: "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Messages: []any{
+				map[string]any{
+					"role": "user",
+					"content": []any{
+						map[string]any{
+							"type":          "text",
+							"text":          "long cached context for prior turns",
+							"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
+						},
+						map[string]any{
+							"type": "text",
+							"text": "please summarize the logs and provide root cause analysis",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:      1,
+			GroupID: &groupID,
+			Group: &Group{
+				ID:                       groupID,
+				Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
+				RateMultiplier:           1,
+				SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: true,
+			},
+		},
+		User: &User{ID: 2},
+		Account: &Account{
+			ID:       3,
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"cache_ttl_override_enabled": true,
+				"cache_ttl_override_target":  "5m",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), input)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, repo.last)
+
+	log := repo.last
+	require.Equal(t, 80, log.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 80, log.CacheCreationTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, log.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 80, log.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+	require.False(t, log.CacheTTLOverridden, "simulate outcome should skip account ttl override")
+}
+
+func TestRecordUsage_SimulateClaudeMaxDisabled_AppliesTTLOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &usageLogRepoRecordUsageStub{inserted: true}
+	svc := newGatewayServiceForRecordUsageTest(repo)
+
+	groupID := int64(12)
+	input := &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "req-sim-2",
+			Model:     "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:              40,
+				CacheCreationInputTokens: 120,
+				CacheCreation1hTokens:    120,
+			},
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:      2,
+			GroupID: &groupID,
+			Group: &Group{
+				ID:                       groupID,
+				Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
+				RateMultiplier:           1,
+				SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: false,
+			},
+		},
+		User: &User{ID: 3},
+		Account: &Account{
+			ID:       4,
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"cache_ttl_override_enabled": true,
+				"cache_ttl_override_target":  "5m",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), input)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, repo.last)
+
+	log := repo.last
+	require.Equal(t, 120, log.CacheCreationTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 120, log.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, log.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+	require.True(t, log.CacheTTLOverridden)
+}
+
+func TestRecordUsage_SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled_ExistingCacheCreationBypassesSimulation(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &usageLogRepoRecordUsageStub{inserted: true}
+	svc := newGatewayServiceForRecordUsageTest(repo)
+
+	groupID := int64(13)
+	input := &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "req-sim-3",
+			Model:     "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:              20,
+				CacheCreationInputTokens: 120,
+				CacheCreation5mTokens:    120,
+			},
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:      3,
+			GroupID: &groupID,
+			Group: &Group{
+				ID:                       groupID,
+				Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
+				RateMultiplier:           1,
+				SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: true,
+			},
+		},
+		User: &User{ID: 4},
+		Account: &Account{
+			ID:       5,
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"cache_ttl_override_enabled": true,
+				"cache_ttl_override_target":  "5m",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), input)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, repo.last)
+
+	log := repo.last
+	require.Equal(t, 20, log.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 120, log.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, log.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 120, log.CacheCreationTokens)
+	require.False(t, log.CacheTTLOverridden, "existing cache_creation with SimulateClaudeMax enabled should skip account ttl override")
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_response_usage_sync_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func TestHandleNonStreamingResponse_UsageAlignedWithClaudeMaxSimulation(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg:              &config.Config{},
+		rateLimitService: &RateLimitService{},
+	}
+
+	account := &Account{
+		ID:       11,
+		Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+		Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"cache_ttl_override_enabled": true,
+			"cache_ttl_override_target":  "5m",
+		},
+	}
+	group := &Group{
+		ID:                       99,
+		Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: true,
+	}
+	parsed := &ParsedRequest{
+		Model: "claude-sonnet-4",
+		Messages: []any{
+			map[string]any{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": []any{
+					map[string]any{
+						"type":          "text",
+						"text":          "long cached context",
+						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
+					},
+					map[string]any{
+						"type": "text",
+						"text": "new user question",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	upstreamBody := []byte(`{"id":"msg_1","model":"claude-sonnet-4","usage":{"input_tokens":120,"output_tokens":8}}`)
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+		Body:       ioNopCloserBytes(upstreamBody),
+	}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", bytes.NewReader(nil))
+	c.Set("api_key", &APIKey{Group: group})
+	requestCtx := withClaudeMaxResponseRewriteContext(context.Background(), c, parsed)
+
+	usage, err := svc.handleNonStreamingResponse(requestCtx, resp, c, account, "claude-sonnet-4", "claude-sonnet-4")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usage)
+
+	var rendered struct {
+		Usage ClaudeUsage `json:"usage"`
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &rendered))
+	rendered.Usage.CacheCreation5mTokens = int(gjson.GetBytes(rec.Body.Bytes(), "usage.cache_creation.ephemeral_5m_input_tokens").Int())
+	rendered.Usage.CacheCreation1hTokens = int(gjson.GetBytes(rec.Body.Bytes(), "usage.cache_creation.ephemeral_1h_input_tokens").Int())
+
+	require.Equal(t, rendered.Usage.InputTokens, usage.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, rendered.Usage.OutputTokens, usage.OutputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, rendered.Usage.CacheCreationInputTokens, usage.CacheCreationInputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, rendered.Usage.CacheCreation5mTokens, usage.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, rendered.Usage.CacheCreation1hTokens, usage.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, rendered.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens, usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
+
+	require.Greater(t, usage.CacheCreation1hTokens, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usage.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	require.Less(t, usage.InputTokens, 120)
+}
+
+func TestHandleNonStreamingResponse_ClaudeMaxDisabled_NoSimulationIntercept(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg:              &config.Config{},
+		rateLimitService: &RateLimitService{},
+	}
+
+	account := &Account{
+		ID:       12,
+		Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+		Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"cache_ttl_override_enabled": true,
+			"cache_ttl_override_target":  "5m",
+		},
+	}
+	group := &Group{
+		ID:                       100,
+		Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
+		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: false,
+	}
+	parsed := &ParsedRequest{
+		Model: "claude-sonnet-4",
+		Messages: []any{
+			map[string]any{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": []any{
+					map[string]any{
+						"type":          "text",
+						"text":          "long cached context",
+						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
+					},
+					map[string]any{
+						"type": "text",
+						"text": "new user question",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	upstreamBody := []byte(`{"id":"msg_2","model":"claude-sonnet-4","usage":{"input_tokens":120,"output_tokens":8}}`)
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+		Body:       ioNopCloserBytes(upstreamBody),
+	}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", bytes.NewReader(nil))
+	c.Set("api_key", &APIKey{Group: group})
+	requestCtx := withClaudeMaxResponseRewriteContext(context.Background(), c, parsed)
+
+	usage, err := svc.handleNonStreamingResponse(requestCtx, resp, c, account, "claude-sonnet-4", "claude-sonnet-4")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usage)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 120, usage.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usage.CacheCreationInputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usage.CacheCreation5mTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usage.CacheCreation1hTokens)
+}
+
+func ioNopCloserBytes(b []byte) *readCloserFromBytes {
+	return &readCloserFromBytes{Reader: bytes.NewReader(b)}
+}
+
+type readCloserFromBytes struct {
+	*bytes.Reader
+}
+
+func (r *readCloserFromBytes) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go

@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ const (
 	claudeMimicDebugInfoKey = "claude_mimic_debug_info"
 )
 
+const (
+	claudeMaxMessageOverheadTokens = 3
+	claudeMaxBlockOverheadTokens   = 1
+	claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens  = 4
+)
+
 // ForceCacheBillingContextKey 强制缓存计费上下文键
 // 用于粘性会话切换时，将 input_tokens 转为 cache_read_input_tokens 计费
 type forceCacheBillingKeyType struct{}
@@ -1228,6 +1234,10 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 				modelScopeSkippedIDs = append(modelScopeSkippedIDs, account.ID)
 				continue
 			}
+			// 配额检查
+			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) {
+				continue
+			}
 			// 窗口费用检查（非粘性会话路径）
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, false) {
 				filteredWindowCost++
@@ -1260,6 +1270,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 							s.isAccountAllowedForPlatform(stickyAccount, platform, useMixed) &&
 							(requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, stickyAccount, requestedModel)) &&
 							s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, stickyAccount, requestedModel) &&
+							s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(stickyAccount) &&
 							s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, stickyAccount, true) &&
 
 							s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, stickyAccount, true) { // 粘性会话窗口费用+RPM 检查
@@ -1311,7 +1322,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 			for _, acc := range routingCandidates {
 				routingLoads = append(routingLoads, AccountWithConcurrency{
 					ID:             acc.ID,
-					MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+					MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 				})
 			}
 			routingLoadMap, _ := s.concurrencyService.GetAccountsLoadBatch(ctx, routingLoads)
@@ -1416,6 +1427,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 					s.isAccountAllowedForPlatform(account, platform, useMixed) &&
 					(requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) &&
 					s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) &&
+					s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) &&
 					s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) &&
 
 					s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) { // 粘性会话窗口费用+RPM 检查
@@ -1480,6 +1492,10 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 			continue
 		}
+		// 配额检查
+		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+			continue
+		}
 		// 窗口费用检查（非粘性会话路径）
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 			continue
@@ -1499,7 +1515,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 	for _, acc := range candidates {
 		accountLoads = append(accountLoads, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -2113,6 +2129,15 @@ func (s *GatewayService) withWindowCostPrefetch(ctx context.Context, accounts []
 	return context.WithValue(ctx, windowCostPrefetchContextKey, costs)
 }
 
+// isAccountSchedulableForQuota 检查 API Key 账号是否在配额限制内
+// 仅适用于配置了 quota_limit 的 apikey 类型账号
+func (s *GatewayService) isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account *Account) bool {
+	if account.Type != AccountTypeAPIKey {
+		return true
+	}
+	return !account.IsQuotaExceeded()
+}
+
 // isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost 检查账号是否可根据窗口费用进行调度
 // 仅适用于 Anthropic OAuth/SetupToken 账号
 // 返回 true 表示可调度，false 表示不可调度
@@ -2590,7 +2615,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 						if clearSticky {
 							_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 						}
-						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 							if s.debugModelRoutingEnabled() {
 								logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[ModelRoutingDebug] legacy routed sticky hit: group_id=%v model=%s session=%s account=%d", derefGroupID(groupID), requestedModel, shortSessionHash(sessionHash), accountID)
 							}
@@ -2644,6 +2669,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 				continue
 			}
+			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+				continue
+			}
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -2700,7 +2728,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 					if clearSticky {
 						_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 					}
-					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 						return account, nil
 					}
 				}
@@ -2743,6 +2771,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+			continue
+		}
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -2818,7 +2849,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 						if clearSticky {
 							_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 						}
-						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 							if account.Platform == nativePlatform || (account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity && account.IsMixedSchedulingEnabled()) {
 								if s.debugModelRoutingEnabled() {
 									logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[ModelRoutingDebug] legacy mixed routed sticky hit: group_id=%v model=%s session=%s account=%d", derefGroupID(groupID), requestedModel, shortSessionHash(sessionHash), accountID)
@@ -2874,6 +2905,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 				continue
 			}
+			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+				continue
+			}
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -2930,7 +2964,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 					if clearSticky {
 						_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 					}
-					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 						if account.Platform == nativePlatform || (account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity && account.IsMixedSchedulingEnabled()) {
 							return account, nil
 						}
@@ -2975,6 +3009,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+			continue
+		}
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -4317,6 +4354,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 	}
 
 	// 处理正常响应
+	ctx = withClaudeMaxResponseRewriteContext(ctx, c, parsed)
 
 	// 触发上游接受回调（提前释放串行锁，不等流完成）
 	if parsed.OnUpstreamAccepted != nil {
@@ -5773,6 +5811,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 
 	needModelReplace := originalModel != mappedModel
 	clientDisconnected := false // 客户端断开标志，断开后继续读取上游以获取完整usage
+	skipAccountTTLOverride := false
 
 	pendingEventLines := make([]string, 0, 4)
 
@@ -5833,17 +5872,25 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 			if msg, ok := event["message"].(map[string]any); ok {
 				if u, ok := msg["usage"].(map[string]any); ok {
 					eventChanged = reconcileCachedTokens(u) || eventChanged
+					claudeMaxOutcome := applyClaudeMaxSimulationToUsageJSONMap(ctx, u, originalModel, account.ID)
+					if claudeMaxOutcome.Simulated {
+						skipAccountTTLOverride = true
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		if eventType == "message_delta" {
 			if u, ok := event["usage"].(map[string]any); ok {
 				eventChanged = reconcileCachedTokens(u) || eventChanged
+				claudeMaxOutcome := applyClaudeMaxSimulationToUsageJSONMap(ctx, u, originalModel, account.ID)
+				if claudeMaxOutcome.Simulated {
+					skipAccountTTLOverride = true
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Cache TTL Override: 重写 SSE 事件中的 cache_creation 分类
-		if account.IsCacheTTLOverrideEnabled() {
+		if account.IsCacheTTLOverrideEnabled() && !skipAccountTTLOverride {
 			overrideTarget := account.GetCacheTTLOverrideTarget()
 			if eventType == "message_start" {
 				if msg, ok := event["message"].(map[string]any); ok {
@@ -6253,8 +6300,13 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleNonStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *h
 		}
 	}
 
+	claudeMaxOutcome := applyClaudeMaxSimulationToUsage(ctx, &response.Usage, originalModel, account.ID)
+	if claudeMaxOutcome.Simulated {
+		body = rewriteClaudeUsageJSONBytes(body, response.Usage)
+	}
+
 	// Cache TTL Override: 重写 non-streaming 响应中的 cache_creation 分类
-	if account.IsCacheTTLOverrideEnabled() {
+	if account.IsCacheTTLOverrideEnabled() && !claudeMaxOutcome.Simulated {
 		overrideTarget := account.GetCacheTTLOverrideTarget()
 		if applyCacheTTLOverride(&response.Usage, overrideTarget) {
 			// 同步更新 body JSON 中的嵌套 cache_creation 对象
@@ -6363,6 +6415,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) getUserGroupRateMultiplier(ctx context.Context, userID,
 // RecordUsageInput 记录使用量的输入参数
 type RecordUsageInput struct {
 	Result            *ForwardResult
+	ParsedRequest     *ParsedRequest
 	APIKey            *APIKey
 	User              *User
 	Account           *Account
@@ -6379,6 +6432,89 @@ type APIKeyQuotaUpdater interface {
 	UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error
 }
 
+// postUsageBillingParams 统一扣费所需的参数
+type postUsageBillingParams struct {
+	Cost                  *CostBreakdown
+	User                  *User
+	APIKey                *APIKey
+	Account               *Account
+	Subscription          *UserSubscription
+	IsSubscriptionBill    bool
+	AccountRateMultiplier float64
+	APIKeyService         APIKeyQuotaUpdater
+}
+
+// postUsageBilling 统一处理使用量记录后的扣费逻辑：
+//   - 订阅/余额扣费
+//   - API Key 配额更新
+//   - API Key 限速用量更新
+//   - 账号配额用量更新（账号口径：TotalCost × 账号计费倍率）
+func postUsageBilling(ctx context.Context, p *postUsageBillingParams, deps *billingDeps) {
+	cost := p.Cost
+
+	// 1. 订阅 / 余额扣费
+	if p.IsSubscriptionBill {
+		if cost.TotalCost > 0 {
+			if err := deps.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, p.Subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("increment subscription usage failed", "subscription_id", p.Subscription.ID, "error", err)
+			}
+			deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(p.User.ID, *p.APIKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if cost.ActualCost > 0 {
+			if err := deps.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, p.User.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("deduct balance failed", "user_id", p.User.ID, "error", err)
+			}
+			deps.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(p.User.ID, cost.ActualCost)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. API Key 配额
+	if cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.Quota > 0 && p.APIKeyService != nil {
+		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("update api key quota failed", "api_key_id", p.APIKey.ID, "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 3. API Key 限速用量
+	if cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.HasRateLimits() && p.APIKeyService != nil {
+		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("update api key rate limit usage failed", "api_key_id", p.APIKey.ID, "error", err)
+		}
+		deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
+	}
+
+	// 4. 账号配额用量（账号口径：TotalCost × 账号计费倍率）
+	if cost.TotalCost > 0 && p.Account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey && p.Account.GetQuotaLimit() > 0 {
+		accountCost := cost.TotalCost * p.AccountRateMultiplier
+		if err := deps.accountRepo.IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx, p.Account.ID, accountCost); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("increment account quota used failed", "account_id", p.Account.ID, "cost", accountCost, "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 5. 更新账号最近使用时间
+	deps.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(p.Account.ID)
+}
+
+// billingDeps 扣费逻辑依赖的服务（由各 gateway service 提供）
+type billingDeps struct {
+	accountRepo         AccountRepository
+	userRepo            UserRepository
+	userSubRepo         UserSubscriptionRepository
+	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService
+	deferredService     *DeferredService
+}
+
+func (s *GatewayService) billingDeps() *billingDeps {
+	return &billingDeps{
+		accountRepo:         s.accountRepo,
+		userRepo:            s.userRepo,
+		userSubRepo:         s.userSubRepo,
+		billingCacheService: s.billingCacheService,
+		deferredService:     s.deferredService,
+	}
+}
+
 // RecordUsage 记录使用量并扣费（或更新订阅用量）
 func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInput) error {
 	result := input.Result
@@ -6396,9 +6532,19 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInpu
 		result.Usage.InputTokens = 0
 	}
 
+	// Claude Max cache billing policy (group-level):
+	// - GatewayService 路径: Forward 已改写 usage（含 cache tokens）→ apply 见到 cache tokens 跳过 → simulatedClaudeMax=true（通过第二条件）
+	// - Antigravity 路径: Forward 中 hook 改写了客户端 SSE，但 ForwardResult.Usage 是原始值 → apply 实际执行模拟 → simulatedClaudeMax=true
+	var apiKeyGroup *Group
+	if apiKey != nil {
+		apiKeyGroup = apiKey.Group
+	}
+	claudeMaxOutcome := applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(&result.Usage, input.ParsedRequest, apiKeyGroup, result.Model, account.ID)
+	simulatedClaudeMax := claudeMaxOutcome.Simulated ||
+		(shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(apiKeyGroup, result.Model, input.ParsedRequest) && hasCacheCreationTokens(result.Usage))
 	// Cache TTL Override: 确保计费时 token 分类与账号设置一致
 	cacheTTLOverridden := false
-	if account.IsCacheTTLOverrideEnabled() {
+	if account.IsCacheTTLOverrideEnabled() && !simulatedClaudeMax {
 		applyCacheTTLOverride(&result.Usage, account.GetCacheTTLOverrideTarget())
 		cacheTTLOverridden = (result.Usage.CacheCreation5mTokens + result.Usage.CacheCreation1hTokens) > 0
 	}
@@ -6542,45 +6688,21 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInpu
 
 	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil
 
-	// 根据计费类型执行扣费
-	if isSubscriptionBilling {
-		// 订阅模式：更新订阅用量（使用 TotalCost 原始费用，不考虑倍率）
-		if shouldBill && cost.TotalCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Increment subscription usage failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新订阅缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(user.ID, *apiKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
-		}
+	if shouldBill {
+		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+			Cost:                  cost,
+			User:                  user,
+			APIKey:                apiKey,
+			Account:               account,
+			Subscription:          subscription,
+			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
+			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
+			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
+		}, s.billingDeps())
 	} else {
-		// 余额模式：扣除用户余额（使用 ActualCost 考虑倍率后的费用）
-		if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, user.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Deduct balance failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新余额缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-		}
+		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 	}
 
-	// 更新 API Key 配额（如果设置了配额限制）
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.Quota > 0 && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Update API key quota failed: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update API Key rate limit usage
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.HasRateLimits() && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Update API key rate limit usage failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-	}
-
-	// Schedule batch update for account last_used_at
-	s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -6740,44 +6862,21 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsageWithLongContext(ctx context.Context, input *
 
 	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil
 
-	// 根据计费类型执行扣费
-	if isSubscriptionBilling {
-		// 订阅模式：更新订阅用量（使用 TotalCost 原始费用，不考虑倍率）
-		if shouldBill && cost.TotalCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Increment subscription usage failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新订阅缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(user.ID, *apiKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
-		}
+	if shouldBill {
+		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+			Cost:                  cost,
+			User:                  user,
+			APIKey:                apiKey,
+			Account:               account,
+			Subscription:          subscription,
+			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
+			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
+			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
+		}, s.billingDeps())
 	} else {
-		// 余额模式：扣除用户余额（使用 ActualCost 考虑倍率后的费用）
-		if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, user.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Deduct balance failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新余额缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-			// API Key 独立配额扣费
-			if input.APIKeyService != nil && apiKey.Quota > 0 {
-				if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Add API key quota used failed: %v", err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 	}
 
-	// Update API Key rate limit usage
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.HasRateLimits() && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Update API key rate limit usage failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-	}
-
-	// Schedule batch update for account last_used_at
-	s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
-
 	return nil
 }
 

backend/internal/service/gemini_multiplatform_test.go

@@ -176,6 +176,14 @@ func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64,
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Verify interface implementation
 var _ AccountRepository = (*mockAccountRepoForGemini)(nil)
 

backend/internal/service/group.go

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ type Group struct {
 	// MCP XML 协议注入开关（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	MCPXMLInject bool
 
+	// Claude usage 模拟开关：将无写缓存 usage 模拟为 claude-max 风格
+	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool
+
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	// 可选值: claude, gemini_text, gemini_image
 	SupportedModelScopes []string

backend/internal/service/openai_account_scheduler.go

@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectByLoadBalance(
 		filtered = append(filtered, account)
 		loadReq = append(loadReq, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             account.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: account.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: account.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 	if len(filtered) == 0 {

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go

@@ -319,6 +319,16 @@ func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 	return svc
 }
 
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) billingDeps() *billingDeps {
+	return &billingDeps{
+		accountRepo:         s.accountRepo,
+		userRepo:            s.userRepo,
+		userSubRepo:         s.userSubRepo,
+		billingCacheService: s.billingCacheService,
+		deferredService:     s.deferredService,
+	}
+}
+
 // CloseOpenAIWSPool 关闭 OpenAI WebSocket 连接池的后台 worker 和空闲连接。
 // 应在应用优雅关闭时调用。
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) CloseOpenAIWSPool() {
@@ -1242,7 +1252,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Contex
 	for _, acc := range candidates {
 		accountLoads = append(accountLoads, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -3474,37 +3484,21 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec
 
 	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil
 
-	// Deduct based on billing type
-	if isSubscriptionBilling {
-		if shouldBill && cost.TotalCost > 0 {
-			_ = s.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost)
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(user.ID, *apiKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
-		}
+	if shouldBill {
+		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+			Cost:                  cost,
+			User:                  user,
+			APIKey:                apiKey,
+			Account:               account,
+			Subscription:          subscription,
+			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
+			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
+			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
+		}, s.billingDeps())
 	} else {
-		if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 {
-			_ = s.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-		}
+		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 	}
 
-	// Update API key quota if applicable (only for balance mode with quota set)
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.Quota > 0 && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Update API key quota failed: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update API Key rate limit usage
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.HasRateLimits() && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Update API key rate limit usage failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-	}
-
-	// Schedule batch update for account last_used_at
-	s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
-
 	return nil
 }
 

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go

@@ -864,7 +864,8 @@ func isOpenAIWSClientDisconnectError(err error) bool {
 		strings.Contains(message, "unexpected eof") ||
 		strings.Contains(message, "use of closed network connection") ||
 		strings.Contains(message, "connection reset by peer") ||
-		strings.Contains(message, "broken pipe")
+		strings.Contains(message, "broken pipe") ||
+		strings.Contains(message, "an established connection was aborted")
 }
 
 func classifyOpenAIWSReadFallbackReason(err error) string {

backend/internal/service/ops_concurrency.go

@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ func (s *OpsService) getAccountsLoadMapBestEffort(ctx context.Context, accounts
 		if acc.ID <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		if prev, ok := unique[acc.ID]; !ok || acc.Concurrency > prev {
-			unique[acc.ID] = acc.Concurrency
+		lf := acc.EffectiveLoadFactor()
+		if prev, ok := unique[acc.ID]; !ok || lf > prev {
+			unique[acc.ID] = lf
 		}
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/ops_metrics_collector.go

@@ -389,13 +389,9 @@ func (c *OpsMetricsCollector) collectConcurrencyQueueDepth(parentCtx context.Con
 		if acc.ID <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		maxConc := acc.Concurrency
-		if maxConc < 0 {
-			maxConc = 0
-		}
 		batch = append(batch, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: maxConc,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 	if len(batch) == 0 {

backend/internal/service/subscription_calculate_progress_test.go

@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@ func TestCalculateProgress_BasicFields(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(100), progress.ID)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Premium", progress.GroupName)
 	assert.Equal(t, sub.ExpiresAt, progress.ExpiresAt)
-	assert.Equal(t, 29, progress.ExpiresInDays) // 约 30 天
-	assert.Nil(t, progress.Daily, "无日限额时 Daily 应为 nil")
-	assert.Nil(t, progress.Weekly, "无周限额时 Weekly 应为 nil")
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, progress.ExpiresInDays, 29)
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, progress.ExpiresInDays, 30)
+	assert.Nil(t, progress.Daily)
+	assert.Nil(t, progress.Weekly)
 	assert.Nil(t, progress.Monthly, "无月限额时 Monthly 应为 nil")
 }
 

backend/migrations/056_add_sonnet46_to_model_mapping.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+-- Add claude-sonnet-4-6 to model_mapping for all Antigravity accounts
+--
+-- Background:
+-- Antigravity now supports claude-sonnet-4-6
+--
+-- Strategy:
+-- Directly overwrite the entire model_mapping with updated mappings
+-- This ensures consistency with DefaultAntigravityModelMapping in constants.go
+
+UPDATE accounts
+SET credentials = jsonb_set(
+    credentials,
+    '{model_mapping}',
+    '{
+        "claude-opus-4-6-thinking": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-opus-4-6": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-opus-4-5-thinking": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-opus-4-5-20251101": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-6": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-5": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking": "claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "claude-haiku-4-5": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash": "gemini-2.5-flash",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash-lite": "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash-thinking": "gemini-2.5-flash-thinking",
+        "gemini-2.5-pro": "gemini-2.5-pro",
+        "gemini-3-flash": "gemini-3-flash",
+        "gemini-3-pro-high": "gemini-3-pro-high",
+        "gemini-3-pro-low": "gemini-3-pro-low",
+        "gemini-3-pro-image": "gemini-3-pro-image",
+        "gemini-3-flash-preview": "gemini-3-flash",
+        "gemini-3-pro-preview": "gemini-3-pro-high",
+        "gemini-3-pro-image-preview": "gemini-3-pro-image",
+        "gpt-oss-120b-medium": "gpt-oss-120b-medium",
+        "tab_flash_lite_preview": "tab_flash_lite_preview"
+    }'::jsonb
+)
+WHERE platform = 'antigravity'
+  AND deleted_at IS NULL
+  AND credentials->'model_mapping' IS NOT NULL;

backend/migrations/057_add_gemini31_pro_to_model_mapping.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+-- Add gemini-3.1-pro-high, gemini-3.1-pro-low, gemini-3.1-pro-preview to model_mapping
+--
+-- Background:
+-- Antigravity now supports gemini-3.1-pro-high and gemini-3.1-pro-low
+--
+-- Strategy:
+-- Directly overwrite the entire model_mapping with updated mappings
+-- This ensures consistency with DefaultAntigravityModelMapping in constants.go
+
+UPDATE accounts
+SET credentials = jsonb_set(
+    credentials,
+    '{model_mapping}',
+    '{
+        "claude-opus-4-6-thinking": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-opus-4-6": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-opus-4-5-thinking": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-opus-4-5-20251101": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-6": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-5": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking": "claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking",
+        "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "claude-haiku-4-5": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash": "gemini-2.5-flash",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash-lite": "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+        "gemini-2.5-flash-thinking": "gemini-2.5-flash-thinking",
+        "gemini-2.5-pro": "gemini-2.5-pro",
+        "gemini-3-flash": "gemini-3-flash",
+        "gemini-3-pro-high": "gemini-3-pro-high",
+        "gemini-3-pro-low": "gemini-3-pro-low",
+        "gemini-3-pro-image": "gemini-3-pro-image",
+        "gemini-3-flash-preview": "gemini-3-flash",
+        "gemini-3-pro-preview": "gemini-3-pro-high",
+        "gemini-3-pro-image-preview": "gemini-3-pro-image",
+        "gemini-3.1-pro-high": "gemini-3.1-pro-high",
+        "gemini-3.1-pro-low": "gemini-3.1-pro-low",
+        "gemini-3.1-pro-preview": "gemini-3.1-pro-high",
+        "gpt-oss-120b-medium": "gpt-oss-120b-medium",
+        "tab_flash_lite_preview": "tab_flash_lite_preview"
+    }'::jsonb
+)
+WHERE platform = 'antigravity'
+  AND deleted_at IS NULL
+  AND credentials->'model_mapping' IS NOT NULL;

backend/migrations/060_add_group_simulate_claude_max.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ALTER TABLE groups
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS simulate_claude_max_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE;
+

backend/migrations/067_add_account_load_factor.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE accounts ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS load_factor INTEGER;