fix: 去掉accept-encoding透传

- Add -tags=embed flag to GoReleaser builds
- Add -tags embed flag to Dockerfile builds
- Fix Dockerfile COPY order to prevent frontend dist being overwritten
- Update README build instructions with embed tag explanation

.github/workflows/backend-ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: backend/go.mod
+          check-latest: true
+          cache: true
+      - name: Run tests
+        working-directory: backend
+        run: go test ./...
+
+  golangci-lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: backend/go.mod
+          check-latest: true
+          cache: true
+      - name: golangci-lint
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
+        with:
+          version: v2.7
+          args: --timeout=5m
+          working-directory: backend

.gitignore

@@ -81,7 +81,12 @@ build/
 release/
 
 # 后端嵌入的前端构建产物
+# Keep a placeholder file so `//go:embed all:dist` always has a match in CI/lint,
+# while still ignoring generated frontend build outputs.
 backend/internal/web/dist/
+!backend/internal/web/dist/
+backend/internal/web/dist/*
+!backend/internal/web/dist/.keep
 
 # 后端运行时缓存数据
 backend/data/
@@ -92,4 +97,4 @@ backend/data/
 tests
 CLAUDE.md
 .claude
-scripts
+scripts

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ builds:
     dir: backend
     main: ./cmd/server
     binary: sub2api
+    flags:
+      - -tags=embed
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0
     goos:

Dockerfile

@@ -40,14 +40,15 @@ WORKDIR /app/backend
 COPY backend/go.mod backend/go.sum ./
 RUN go mod download
 
-# Copy frontend dist from previous stage
+# Copy backend source first
-COPY --from=frontend-builder /app/frontend/../backend/internal/web/dist ./internal/web/dist
-
-# Copy backend source
 COPY backend/ ./
 
-# Build the binary (BuildType=release for CI builds)
+# Copy frontend dist from previous stage (must be after backend copy to avoid being overwritten)
+COPY --from=frontend-builder /app/backend/internal/web/dist ./internal/web/dist
+
+# Build the binary (BuildType=release for CI builds, embed frontend)
 RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build \
+    -tags embed \
     -ldflags="-s -w -X main.Commit=${COMMIT} -X main.Date=${DATE:-$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)} -X main.BuildType=release" \
     -o /app/sub2api \
     ./cmd/server

README.md

@@ -220,21 +220,21 @@ cd sub2api
 cd frontend
 npm install
 npm run build
+# Output will be in ../backend/internal/web/dist/
 
-# 3. Copy frontend build to backend (for embedding)
+# 3. Build backend with embedded frontend
-cp -r dist ../backend/internal/web/
-
-# 4. Build backend (requires frontend dist to be present)
 cd ../backend
-go build -o sub2api ./cmd/server
+go build -tags embed -o sub2api ./cmd/server
 
-# 5. Create configuration file
+# 4. Create configuration file
 cp ../deploy/config.example.yaml ./config.yaml
 
-# 6. Edit configuration
+# 5. Edit configuration
 nano config.yaml
 ```
 
+> **Note:** The `-tags embed` flag embeds the frontend into the binary. Without this flag, the binary will not serve the frontend UI.
+
 **Key configuration in `config.yaml`:**
 
 ```yaml
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ default:
 ```
 
 ```bash
-# 7. Run the application
+# 6. Run the application
 ./sub2api
 ```
 

README_CN.md

@@ -220,21 +220,21 @@ cd sub2api
 cd frontend
 npm install
 npm run build
+# 构建产物输出到 ../backend/internal/web/dist/
 
-# 3. 复制前端构建产物到后端（用于嵌入）
+# 3. 编译后端（嵌入前端）
-cp -r dist ../backend/internal/web/
-
-# 4. 编译后端（需要前端 dist 目录存在）
 cd ../backend
-go build -o sub2api ./cmd/server
+go build -tags embed -o sub2api ./cmd/server
 
-# 5. 创建配置文件
+# 4. 创建配置文件
 cp ../deploy/config.example.yaml ./config.yaml
 
-# 6. 编辑配置
+# 5. 编辑配置
 nano config.yaml
 ```
 
+> **注意：** `-tags embed` 参数会将前端嵌入到二进制文件中。不使用此参数编译的程序将不包含前端界面。
+
 **`config.yaml` 关键配置：**
 
 ```yaml
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ default:
 ```
 
 ```bash
-# 7. 运行应用
+# 6. 运行应用
 ./sub2api
 ```
 

backend/.golangci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+version: "2"
+
+linters:
+  default: none
+  enable:
+    - depguard
+    - errcheck
+    - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - staticcheck
+    - unused
+
+  settings:
+    depguard:
+      rules:
+        # Enforce: service must not depend on repository.
+        service-no-repository:
+          list-mode: original
+          files:
+            - internal/service/**
+          deny:
+            - pkg: sub2api/internal/repository
+              desc: "service must not import repository"
+    errcheck:
+      # Report about not checking of errors in type assertions: `a := b.(MyStruct)`.
+      # Such cases aren't reported by default.
+      # Default: false
+      check-type-assertions: true
+      # report about assignment of errors to blank identifier: `num, _ := strconv.Atoi(numStr)`.
+      # Such cases aren't reported by default.
+      # Default: false
+      check-blank: false
+      # To disable the errcheck built-in exclude list.
+      # See `-excludeonly` option in https://github.com/kisielk/errcheck#excluding-functions for details.
+      # Default: false
+      disable-default-exclusions: true
+      # List of functions to exclude from checking, where each entry is a single function to exclude.
+      # See https://github.com/kisielk/errcheck#excluding-functions for details.
+      exclude-functions:
+        - io/ioutil.ReadFile
+        - io.Copy(*bytes.Buffer)
+        - io.Copy(os.Stdout)
+        - fmt.Println
+        - fmt.Print
+        - fmt.Printf
+        - fmt.Fprint
+        - fmt.Fprintf
+        - fmt.Fprintln
+      # Display function signature instead of selector.
+      # Default: false
+      verbose: true
+    ineffassign:
+      # Check escaping variables of type error, may cause false positives.
+      # Default: false
+      check-escaping-errors: true
+    staticcheck:
+      # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/configuration/options/#dot_import_whitelist
+      # Default: ["github.com/mmcloughlin/avo/build", "github.com/mmcloughlin/avo/operand", "github.com/mmcloughlin/avo/reg"]
+      dot-import-whitelist:
+        - fmt
+      # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/configuration/options/#initialisms
+      # Default: ["ACL", "API", "ASCII", "CPU", "CSS", "DNS", "EOF", "GUID", "HTML", "HTTP", "HTTPS", "ID", "IP", "JSON", "QPS", "RAM", "RPC", "SLA", "SMTP", "SQL", "SSH", "TCP", "TLS", "TTL", "UDP", "UI", "GID", "UID", "UUID", "URI", "URL", "UTF8", "VM", "XML", "XMPP", "XSRF", "XSS", "SIP", "RTP", "AMQP", "DB", "TS"]
+      initialisms: [ "ACL", "API", "ASCII", "CPU", "CSS", "DNS", "EOF", "GUID", "HTML", "HTTP", "HTTPS", "ID", "IP", "JSON", "QPS", "RAM", "RPC", "SLA", "SMTP", "SQL", "SSH", "TCP", "TLS", "TTL", "UDP", "UI", "GID", "UID", "UUID", "URI", "URL", "UTF8", "VM", "XML", "XMPP", "XSRF", "XSS", "SIP", "RTP", "AMQP", "DB", "TS" ]
+      # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/configuration/options/#http_status_code_whitelist
+      # Default: ["200", "400", "404", "500"]
+      http-status-code-whitelist: [ "200", "400", "404", "500" ]
+      # SAxxxx checks in https://staticcheck.dev/docs/configuration/options/#checks
+      # Example (to disable some checks): [ "all", "-SA1000", "-SA1001"]
+      # Run `GL_DEBUG=staticcheck golangci-lint run --enable=staticcheck` to see all available checks and enabled by config checks.
+      # Default: ["all", "-ST1000", "-ST1003", "-ST1016", "-ST1020", "-ST1021", "-ST1022"]
+      checks:
+        # Invalid regular expression.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1000
+        - SA1000
+        # Invalid template.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1001
+        - SA1001
+        # Invalid format in 'time.Parse'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1002
+        - SA1002
+        # Unsupported argument to functions in 'encoding/binary'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1003
+        - SA1003
+        # Suspiciously small untyped constant in 'time.Sleep'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1004
+        - SA1004
+        # Invalid first argument to 'exec.Command'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1005
+        - SA1005
+        # 'Printf' with dynamic first argument and no further arguments.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1006
+        - SA1006
+        # Invalid URL in 'net/url.Parse'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1007
+        - SA1007
+        # Non-canonical key in 'http.Header' map.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1008
+        - SA1008
+        # '(*regexp.Regexp).FindAll' called with 'n == 0', which will always return zero results.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1010
+        - SA1010
+        # Various methods in the "strings" package expect valid UTF-8, but invalid input is provided.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1011
+        - SA1011
+        # A nil 'context.Context' is being passed to a function, consider using 'context.TODO' instead.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1012
+        - SA1012
+        # 'io.Seeker.Seek' is being called with the whence constant as the first argument, but it should be the second.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1013
+        - SA1013
+        # Non-pointer value passed to 'Unmarshal' or 'Decode'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1014
+        - SA1014
+        # Using 'time.Tick' in a way that will leak. Consider using 'time.NewTicker', and only use 'time.Tick' in tests, commands and endless functions.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1015
+        - SA1015
+        # Trapping a signal that cannot be trapped.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1016
+        - SA1016
+        # Channels used with 'os/signal.Notify' should be buffered.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1017
+        - SA1017
+        # 'strings.Replace' called with 'n == 0', which does nothing.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1018
+        - SA1018
+        # Using a deprecated function, variable, constant or field.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1019
+        - SA1019
+        # Using an invalid host:port pair with a 'net.Listen'-related function.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1020
+        - SA1020
+        # Using 'bytes.Equal' to compare two 'net.IP'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1021
+        - SA1021
+        # Modifying the buffer in an 'io.Writer' implementation.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1023
+        - SA1023
+        # A string cutset contains duplicate characters.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1024
+        - SA1024
+        # It is not possible to use '(*time.Timer).Reset''s return value correctly.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1025
+        - SA1025
+        # Cannot marshal channels or functions.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1026
+        - SA1026
+        # Atomic access to 64-bit variable must be 64-bit aligned.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1027
+        - SA1027
+        # 'sort.Slice' can only be used on slices.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1028
+        - SA1028
+        # Inappropriate key in call to 'context.WithValue'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1029
+        - SA1029
+        # Invalid argument in call to a 'strconv' function.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1030
+        - SA1030
+        # Overlapping byte slices passed to an encoder.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1031
+        - SA1031
+        # Wrong order of arguments to 'errors.Is'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1032
+        - SA1032
+        # 'sync.WaitGroup.Add' called inside the goroutine, leading to a race condition.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA2000
+        - SA2000
+        # Empty critical section, did you mean to defer the unlock?.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA2001
+        - SA2001
+        # Called 'testing.T.FailNow' or 'SkipNow' in a goroutine, which isn't allowed.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA2002
+        - SA2002
+        # Deferred 'Lock' right after locking, likely meant to defer 'Unlock' instead.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA2003
+        - SA2003
+        # 'TestMain' doesn't call 'os.Exit', hiding test failures.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA3000
+        - SA3000
+        # Assigning to 'b.N' in benchmarks distorts the results.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA3001
+        - SA3001
+        # Binary operator has identical expressions on both sides.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4000
+        - SA4000
+        # '&*x' gets simplified to 'x', it does not copy 'x'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4001
+        - SA4001
+        # Comparing unsigned values against negative values is pointless.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4003
+        - SA4003
+        # The loop exits unconditionally after one iteration.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4004
+        - SA4004
+        # Field assignment that will never be observed. Did you mean to use a pointer receiver?.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4005
+        - SA4005
+        # A value assigned to a variable is never read before being overwritten. Forgotten error check or dead code?.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4006
+        - SA4006
+        # The variable in the loop condition never changes, are you incrementing the wrong variable?.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4008
+        - SA4008
+        # A function argument is overwritten before its first use.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4009
+        - SA4009
+        # The result of 'append' will never be observed anywhere.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4010
+        - SA4010
+        # Break statement with no effect. Did you mean to break out of an outer loop?.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4011
+        - SA4011
+        # Comparing a value against NaN even though no value is equal to NaN.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4012
+        - SA4012
+        # Negating a boolean twice ('!!b') is the same as writing 'b'. This is either redundant, or a typo.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4013
+        - SA4013
+        # An if/else if chain has repeated conditions and no side-effects; if the condition didn't match the first time, it won't match the second time, either.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4014
+        - SA4014
+        # Calling functions like 'math.Ceil' on floats converted from integers doesn't do anything useful.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4015
+        - SA4015
+        # Certain bitwise operations, such as 'x ^ 0', do not do anything useful.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4016
+        - SA4016
+        # Discarding the return values of a function without side effects, making the call pointless.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4017
+        - SA4017
+        # Self-assignment of variables.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4018
+        - SA4018
+        # Multiple, identical build constraints in the same file.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4019
+        - SA4019
+        # Unreachable case clause in a type switch.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4020
+        - SA4020
+        # "x = append(y)" is equivalent to "x = y".
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4021
+        - SA4021
+        # Comparing the address of a variable against nil.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4022
+        - SA4022
+        # Impossible comparison of interface value with untyped nil.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4023
+        - SA4023
+        # Checking for impossible return value from a builtin function.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4024
+        - SA4024
+        # Integer division of literals that results in zero.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4025
+        - SA4025
+        # Go constants cannot express negative zero.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4026
+        - SA4026
+        # '(*net/url.URL).Query' returns a copy, modifying it doesn't change the URL.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4027
+        - SA4027
+        # 'x % 1' is always zero.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4028
+        - SA4028
+        # Ineffective attempt at sorting slice.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4029
+        - SA4029
+        # Ineffective attempt at generating random number.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4030
+        - SA4030
+        # Checking never-nil value against nil.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4031
+        - SA4031
+        # Comparing 'runtime.GOOS' or 'runtime.GOARCH' against impossible value.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA4032
+        - SA4032
+        # Assignment to nil map.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5000
+        - SA5000
+        # Deferring 'Close' before checking for a possible error.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5001
+        - SA5001
+        # The empty for loop ("for {}") spins and can block the scheduler.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5002
+        - SA5002
+        # Defers in infinite loops will never execute.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5003
+        - SA5003
+        # "for { select { ..." with an empty default branch spins.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5004
+        - SA5004
+        # The finalizer references the finalized object, preventing garbage collection.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5005
+        - SA5005
+        # Infinite recursive call.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5007
+        - SA5007
+        # Invalid struct tag.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5008
+        - SA5008
+        # Invalid Printf call.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5009
+        - SA5009
+        # Impossible type assertion.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5010
+        - SA5010
+        # Possible nil pointer dereference.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5011
+        - SA5011
+        # Passing odd-sized slice to function expecting even size.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA5012
+        - SA5012
+        # Using 'regexp.Match' or related in a loop, should use 'regexp.Compile'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA6000
+        - SA6000
+        # Missing an optimization opportunity when indexing maps by byte slices.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA6001
+        - SA6001
+        # Storing non-pointer values in 'sync.Pool' allocates memory.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA6002
+        - SA6002
+        # Converting a string to a slice of runes before ranging over it.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA6003
+        - SA6003
+        # Inefficient string comparison with 'strings.ToLower' or 'strings.ToUpper'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA6005
+        - SA6005
+        # Using io.WriteString to write '[]byte'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA6006
+        - SA6006
+        # Defers in range loops may not run when you expect them to.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9001
+        - SA9001
+        # Using a non-octal 'os.FileMode' that looks like it was meant to be in octal.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9002
+        - SA9002
+        # Empty body in an if or else branch.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9003
+        - SA9003
+        # Only the first constant has an explicit type.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9004
+        - SA9004
+        # Trying to marshal a struct with no public fields nor custom marshaling.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9005
+        - SA9005
+        # Dubious bit shifting of a fixed size integer value.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9006
+        - SA9006
+        # Deleting a directory that shouldn't be deleted.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9007
+        - SA9007
+        # 'else' branch of a type assertion is probably not reading the right value.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9008
+        - SA9008
+        # Ineffectual Go compiler directive.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA9009
+        - SA9009
+        # Incorrect or missing package comment.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1000
+        - ST1000
+        # Dot imports are discouraged.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1001
+        - ST1001
+        # Poorly chosen identifier.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1003
+        - ST1003
+        # Incorrectly formatted error string.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1005
+        - ST1005
+        # Poorly chosen receiver name.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1006
+        - ST1006
+        # A function's error value should be its last return value.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1008
+        - ST1008
+        # Poorly chosen name for variable of type 'time.Duration'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1011
+        - ST1011
+        # Poorly chosen name for error variable.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1012
+        - ST1012
+        # Should use constants for HTTP error codes, not magic numbers.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1013
+        - ST1013
+        # A switch's default case should be the first or last case.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1015
+        - ST1015
+        # Use consistent method receiver names.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1016
+        - ST1016
+        # Don't use Yoda conditions.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1017
+        - ST1017
+        # Avoid zero-width and control characters in string literals.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1018
+        - ST1018
+        # Importing the same package multiple times.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1019
+        - ST1019
+        # The documentation of an exported function should start with the function's name.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1020
+        - ST1020
+        # The documentation of an exported type should start with type's name.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1021
+        - ST1021
+        # The documentation of an exported variable or constant should start with variable's name.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1022
+        - ST1022
+        # Redundant type in variable declaration.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1023
+        - ST1023
+        # Use plain channel send or receive instead of single-case select.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1000
+        - S1000
+        # Replace for loop with call to copy.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1001
+        - S1001
+        # Omit comparison with boolean constant.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1002
+        - S1002
+        # Replace call to 'strings.Index' with 'strings.Contains'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1003
+        - S1003
+        # Replace call to 'bytes.Compare' with 'bytes.Equal'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1004
+        - S1004
+        # Drop unnecessary use of the blank identifier.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1005
+        - S1005
+        # Use "for { ... }" for infinite loops.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1006
+        - S1006
+        # Simplify regular expression by using raw string literal.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1007
+        - S1007
+        # Simplify returning boolean expression.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1008
+        - S1008
+        # Omit redundant nil check on slices, maps, and channels.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1009
+        - S1009
+        # Omit default slice index.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1010
+        - S1010
+        # Use a single 'append' to concatenate two slices.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1011
+        - S1011
+        # Replace 'time.Now().Sub(x)' with 'time.Since(x)'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1012
+        - S1012
+        # Use a type conversion instead of manually copying struct fields.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1016
+        - S1016
+        # Replace manual trimming with 'strings.TrimPrefix'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1017
+        - S1017
+        # Use "copy" for sliding elements.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1018
+        - S1018
+        # Simplify "make" call by omitting redundant arguments.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1019
+        - S1019
+        # Omit redundant nil check in type assertion.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1020
+        - S1020
+        # Merge variable declaration and assignment.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1021
+        - S1021
+        # Omit redundant control flow.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1023
+        - S1023
+        # Replace 'x.Sub(time.Now())' with 'time.Until(x)'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1024
+        - S1024
+        # Don't use 'fmt.Sprintf("%s", x)' unnecessarily.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1025
+        - S1025
+        # Simplify error construction with 'fmt.Errorf'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1028
+        - S1028
+        # Range over the string directly.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1029
+        - S1029
+        # Use 'bytes.Buffer.String' or 'bytes.Buffer.Bytes'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1030
+        - S1030
+        # Omit redundant nil check around loop.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1031
+        - S1031
+        # Use 'sort.Ints(x)', 'sort.Float64s(x)', and 'sort.Strings(x)'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1032
+        - S1032
+        # Unnecessary guard around call to "delete".
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1033
+        - S1033
+        # Use result of type assertion to simplify cases.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1034
+        - S1034
+        # Redundant call to 'net/http.CanonicalHeaderKey' in method call on 'net/http.Header'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1035
+        - S1035
+        # Unnecessary guard around map access.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1036
+        - S1036
+        # Elaborate way of sleeping.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1037
+        - S1037
+        # Unnecessarily complex way of printing formatted string.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1038
+        - S1038
+        # Unnecessary use of 'fmt.Sprint'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1039
+        - S1039
+        # Type assertion to current type.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#S1040
+        - S1040
+        # Apply De Morgan's law.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1001
+        - QF1001
+        # Convert untagged switch to tagged switch.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1002
+        - QF1002
+        # Convert if/else-if chain to tagged switch.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1003
+        - QF1003
+        # Use 'strings.ReplaceAll' instead of 'strings.Replace' with 'n == -1'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1004
+        - QF1004
+        # Expand call to 'math.Pow'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1005
+        - QF1005
+        # Lift 'if'+'break' into loop condition.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1006
+        - QF1006
+        # Merge conditional assignment into variable declaration.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1007
+        - QF1007
+        # Omit embedded fields from selector expression.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1008
+        - QF1008
+        # Use 'time.Time.Equal' instead of '==' operator.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1009
+        - QF1009
+        # Convert slice of bytes to string when printing it.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1010
+        - QF1010
+        # Omit redundant type from variable declaration.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1011
+        - QF1011
+        # Use 'fmt.Fprintf(x, ...)' instead of 'x.Write(fmt.Sprintf(...))'.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#QF1012
+        - QF1012
+    unused:
+      # Mark all struct fields that have been written to as used.
+      # Default: true
+      field-writes-are-uses: false
+      # Treat IncDec statement (e.g. `i++` or `i--`) as both read and write operation instead of just write.
+      # Default: false
+      post-statements-are-reads: true
+      # Mark all exported fields as used.
+      # default: true
+      exported-fields-are-used: false
+      # Mark all function parameters as used.
+      # default: true
+      parameters-are-used: true
+      # Mark all local variables as used.
+      # default: true
+      local-variables-are-used: false
+      # Mark all identifiers inside generated files as used.
+      # Default: true
+      generated-is-used: false
+
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gofmt
+  settings:
+    gofmt:
+      # Simplify code: gofmt with `-s` option.
+      # Default: true
+      simplify: false
+      # Apply the rewrite rules to the source before reformatting.
+      # https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/gofmt
+      # Default: []
+      rewrite-rules:
+        - pattern: 'interface{}'
+          replacement: 'any'
+        - pattern: 'a[b:len(a)]'
+          replacement: 'a[b:]'

backend/Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
-.PHONY: wire
+.PHONY: wire build build-embed
 
 wire:
 	@echo "生成 Wire 代码..."
 	@cd cmd/server && go generate
-	@echo "Wire 代码生成完成"
+	@echo "Wire 代码生成完成"
+
+build:
+	@echo "构建后端（不嵌入前端）..."
+	@go build -o bin/server ./cmd/server
+	@echo "构建完成: bin/server"
+
+build-embed:
+	@echo "构建后端（嵌入前端）..."
+	@go build -tags embed -o bin/server ./cmd/server
+	@echo "构建完成: bin/server (with embedded frontend)"

backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	emailQueueService := service.ProvideEmailQueueService(emailService)
 	authService := service.NewAuthService(userRepository, configConfig, settingService, emailService, turnstileService, emailQueueService)
 	authHandler := handler.NewAuthHandler(authService)
-	userService := service.NewUserService(userRepository, configConfig)
+	userService := service.NewUserService(userRepository)
 	userHandler := handler.NewUserHandler(userService)
 	apiKeyRepository := repository.NewApiKeyRepository(db)
 	groupRepository := repository.NewGroupRepository(db)
@@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	redeemService := service.NewRedeemService(redeemCodeRepository, userRepository, subscriptionService, redeemCache, billingCacheService)
 	redeemHandler := handler.NewRedeemHandler(redeemService)
 	subscriptionHandler := handler.NewSubscriptionHandler(subscriptionService)
+	dashboardHandler := admin.NewDashboardHandler(usageLogRepository)
 	accountRepository := repository.NewAccountRepository(db)
 	proxyRepository := repository.NewProxyRepository(db)
 	proxyExitInfoProber := repository.NewProxyExitInfoProber()
-	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepository, groupRepository, accountRepository, proxyRepository, apiKeyRepository, redeemCodeRepository, usageLogRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, billingCacheService, proxyExitInfoProber)
+	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepository, groupRepository, accountRepository, proxyRepository, apiKeyRepository, redeemCodeRepository, billingCacheService, proxyExitInfoProber)
-	dashboardHandler := admin.NewDashboardHandler(adminService, usageLogRepository)
 	adminUserHandler := admin.NewUserHandler(adminService)
 	groupHandler := admin.NewGroupHandler(adminService)
 	claudeOAuthClient := repository.NewClaudeOAuthClient()
 	oAuthService := service.NewOAuthService(proxyRepository, claudeOAuthClient)
 	rateLimitService := service.NewRateLimitService(accountRepository, configConfig)
 	claudeUsageFetcher := repository.NewClaudeUsageFetcher()
-	accountUsageService := service.NewAccountUsageService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, oAuthService, claudeUsageFetcher)
+	accountUsageService := service.NewAccountUsageService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, claudeUsageFetcher)
 	claudeUpstream := repository.NewClaudeUpstream(configConfig)
 	accountTestService := service.NewAccountTestService(accountRepository, oAuthService, claudeUpstream)
 	accountHandler := admin.NewAccountHandler(adminService, oAuthService, rateLimitService, accountUsageService, accountTestService)
-	oAuthHandler := admin.NewOAuthHandler(oAuthService, adminService)
+	oAuthHandler := admin.NewOAuthHandler(oAuthService)
 	proxyHandler := admin.NewProxyHandler(adminService)
 	adminRedeemHandler := admin.NewRedeemHandler(adminService)
 	settingHandler := admin.NewSettingHandler(settingService, emailService)
@@ -103,16 +103,16 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	billingService := service.NewBillingService(configConfig, pricingService)
 	identityCache := repository.NewIdentityCache(client)
 	identityService := service.NewIdentityService(identityCache)
-	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, oAuthService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, claudeUpstream)
+	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, claudeUpstream)
 	concurrencyCache := repository.NewConcurrencyCache(client)
 	concurrencyService := service.NewConcurrencyService(concurrencyCache)
-	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, oAuthService, configConfig)
 	gatewayHandler := handler.NewGatewayHandler(gatewayService, userService, concurrencyService, billingCacheService)
 	handlerSettingHandler := handler.ProvideSettingHandler(settingService, buildInfo)
 	handlers := handler.ProvideHandlers(authHandler, userHandler, apiKeyHandler, usageHandler, redeemHandler, subscriptionHandler, adminHandlers, gatewayHandler, handlerSettingHandler)
 	groupService := service.NewGroupService(groupRepository)
 	accountService := service.NewAccountService(accountRepository, groupRepository)
 	proxyService := service.NewProxyService(proxyRepository)
+	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, oAuthService, configConfig)
 	services := &service.Services{
 		Auth:         authService,
 		User:         userService,

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ type PricingConfig struct {
 type ServerConfig struct {
 	Host              string `mapstructure:"host"`
 	Port              int    `mapstructure:"port"`
-	Mode              string `mapstructure:"mode"`               // debug/release
+	Mode              string `mapstructure:"mode"`                // debug/release
 	ReadHeaderTimeout int    `mapstructure:"read_header_timeout"` // 读取请求头超时（秒）
 	IdleTimeout       int    `mapstructure:"idle_timeout"`        // 空闲连接超时（秒）
 }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func setDefaults() {
 	viper.SetDefault("server.port", 8080)
 	viper.SetDefault("server.mode", "debug")
 	viper.SetDefault("server.read_header_timeout", 30) // 30秒读取请求头
-	viper.SetDefault("server.idle_timeout", 120)      // 120秒空闲超时
+	viper.SetDefault("server.idle_timeout", 120)       // 120秒空闲超时
 
 	// Database
 	viper.SetDefault("database.host", "localhost")
@@ -210,10 +210,10 @@ func setDefaults() {
 
 	// TokenRefresh
 	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.enabled", true)
-	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.check_interval_minutes", 5)      // 每5分钟检查一次
+	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.check_interval_minutes", 5)        // 每5分钟检查一次
 	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.refresh_before_expiry_hours", 1.5) // 提前1.5小时刷新
-	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.max_retries", 3)                 // 最多重试3次
+	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.max_retries", 3)                   // 最多重试3次
-	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.retry_backoff_seconds", 2)       // 重试退避基础2秒
+	viper.SetDefault("token_refresh.retry_backoff_seconds", 2)         // 重试退避基础2秒
 }
 
 func (c *Config) Validate() error {

backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go

@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@ import (
 // OAuthHandler handles OAuth-related operations for accounts
 type OAuthHandler struct {
 	oauthService *service.OAuthService
-	adminService service.AdminService
 }
 
 // NewOAuthHandler creates a new OAuth handler
-func NewOAuthHandler(oauthService *service.OAuthService, adminService service.AdminService) *OAuthHandler {
+func NewOAuthHandler(oauthService *service.OAuthService) *OAuthHandler {
 	return &OAuthHandler{
 		oauthService: oauthService,
-		adminService: adminService,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -46,29 +44,29 @@ func NewAccountHandler(adminService service.AdminService, oauthService *service.
 
 // CreateAccountRequest represents create account request
 type CreateAccountRequest struct {
-	Name        string                 `json:"name" binding:"required"`
+	Name        string         `json:"name" binding:"required"`
-	Platform    string                 `json:"platform" binding:"required"`
+	Platform    string         `json:"platform" binding:"required"`
-	Type        string                 `json:"type" binding:"required,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey"`
+	Type        string         `json:"type" binding:"required,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey"`
-	Credentials map[string]interface{} `json:"credentials" binding:"required"`
+	Credentials map[string]any `json:"credentials" binding:"required"`
-	Extra       map[string]interface{} `json:"extra"`
+	Extra       map[string]any `json:"extra"`
-	ProxyID     *int64                 `json:"proxy_id"`
+	ProxyID     *int64         `json:"proxy_id"`
-	Concurrency int                    `json:"concurrency"`
+	Concurrency int            `json:"concurrency"`
-	Priority    int                    `json:"priority"`
+	Priority    int            `json:"priority"`
-	GroupIDs    []int64                `json:"group_ids"`
+	GroupIDs    []int64        `json:"group_ids"`
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountRequest represents update account request
 // 使用指针类型来区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
 type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
-	Name        string                 `json:"name"`
+	Name        string         `json:"name"`
-	Type        string                 `json:"type" binding:"omitempty,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey"`
+	Type        string         `json:"type" binding:"omitempty,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey"`
-	Credentials map[string]interface{} `json:"credentials"`
+	Credentials map[string]any `json:"credentials"`
-	Extra       map[string]interface{} `json:"extra"`
+	Extra       map[string]any `json:"extra"`
-	ProxyID     *int64                 `json:"proxy_id"`
+	ProxyID     *int64         `json:"proxy_id"`
-	Concurrency *int                   `json:"concurrency"`
+	Concurrency *int           `json:"concurrency"`
-	Priority    *int                   `json:"priority"`
+	Priority    *int           `json:"priority"`
-	Status      string                 `json:"status" binding:"omitempty,oneof=active inactive"`
+	Status      string         `json:"status" binding:"omitempty,oneof=active inactive"`
-	GroupIDs    *[]int64               `json:"group_ids"`
+	GroupIDs    *[]int64       `json:"group_ids"`
 }
 
 // List handles listing all accounts with pagination
@@ -242,7 +240,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Refresh(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	// Copy existing credentials to preserve non-token settings (e.g., intercept_warmup_requests)
-	newCredentials := make(map[string]interface{})
+	newCredentials := make(map[string]any)
 	for k, v := range account.Credentials {
 		newCredentials[k] = v
 	}
@@ -573,7 +571,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) GetAvailableModels(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	// For API Key accounts: return models based on model_mapping
 	mapping := account.GetModelMapping()
-	if mapping == nil || len(mapping) == 0 {
+	if len(mapping) == 0 {
 		// No mapping configured, return default models
 		response.Success(c, claude.DefaultModels)
 		return

backend/internal/handler/admin/dashboard_handler.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"sub2api/internal/pkg/response"
 	"sub2api/internal/pkg/timezone"
 	"sub2api/internal/repository"
-	"sub2api/internal/service"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -13,17 +12,15 @@ import (
 
 // DashboardHandler handles admin dashboard statistics
 type DashboardHandler struct {
-	adminService service.AdminService
+	usageRepo *repository.UsageLogRepository
-	usageRepo    *repository.UsageLogRepository
+	startTime time.Time // Server start time for uptime calculation
-	startTime    time.Time // Server start time for uptime calculation
 }
 
 // NewDashboardHandler creates a new admin dashboard handler
-func NewDashboardHandler(adminService service.AdminService, usageRepo *repository.UsageLogRepository) *DashboardHandler {
+func NewDashboardHandler(usageRepo *repository.UsageLogRepository) *DashboardHandler {
 	return &DashboardHandler{
-		adminService: adminService,
+		usageRepo: usageRepo,
-		usageRepo:    usageRepo,
+		startTime: time.Now(),
-		startTime:    time.Now(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -258,7 +255,7 @@ func (h *DashboardHandler) GetBatchUsersUsage(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	if len(req.UserIDs) == 0 {
-		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]interface{}{}})
+		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]any{}})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -286,7 +283,7 @@ func (h *DashboardHandler) GetBatchApiKeysUsage(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	if len(req.ApiKeyIDs) == 0 {
-		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]interface{}{}})
+		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]any{}})
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/handler/admin/proxy_handler.go

@@ -236,7 +236,6 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) GetProxyAccounts(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Paginated(c, accounts, total, page, pageSize)
 }
 
-
 // BatchCreateProxyItem represents a single proxy in batch create request
 type BatchCreateProxyItem struct {
 	Protocol string `json:"protocol" binding:"required,oneof=http https socks5"`

backend/internal/handler/admin/redeem_handler.go

@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ func (h *RedeemHandler) Expire(c *gin.Context) {
 func (h *RedeemHandler) GetStats(c *gin.Context) {
 	// Return mock data for now
 	response.Success(c, gin.H{
-		"total_codes":            0,
+		"total_codes":             0,
-		"active_codes":           0,
+		"active_codes":            0,
-		"used_codes":             0,
+		"used_codes":              0,
-		"expired_codes":          0,
+		"expired_codes":           0,
 		"total_value_distributed": 0.0,
 		"by_type": gin.H{
 			"balance":     0,
@@ -187,7 +187,10 @@ func (h *RedeemHandler) Export(c *gin.Context) {
 	writer := csv.NewWriter(&buf)
 
 	// Write header
-	writer.Write([]string{"id", "code", "type", "value", "status", "used_by", "used_at", "created_at"})
+	if err := writer.Write([]string{"id", "code", "type", "value", "status", "used_by", "used_at", "created_at"}); err != nil {
+		response.InternalError(c, "Failed to export redeem codes: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
 
 	// Write data rows
 	for _, code := range codes {
@@ -199,7 +202,7 @@ func (h *RedeemHandler) Export(c *gin.Context) {
 		if code.UsedAt != nil {
 			usedAt = code.UsedAt.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
 		}
-		writer.Write([]string{
+		if err := writer.Write([]string{
 			fmt.Sprintf("%d", code.ID),
 			code.Code,
 			code.Type,
@@ -208,10 +211,17 @@ func (h *RedeemHandler) Export(c *gin.Context) {
 			usedBy,
 			usedAt,
 			code.CreatedAt.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
-		})
+		}); err != nil {
+			response.InternalError(c, "Failed to export redeem codes: "+err.Error())
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
 	writer.Flush()
+	if err := writer.Error(); err != nil {
+		response.InternalError(c, "Failed to export redeem codes: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
 
 	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/csv")
 	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=redeem_codes.csv")

backend/internal/handler/admin/usage_handler.go

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func (h *UsageHandler) Stats(c *gin.Context) {
 func (h *UsageHandler) SearchUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 	keyword := c.Query("q")
 	if keyword == "" {
-		response.Success(c, []interface{}{})
+		response.Success(c, []any{})
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler.go

@@ -268,7 +268,9 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) waitForSlotWithPing(c *gin.Context, slotType string, id
 					c.Header("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
 					*streamStarted = true
 				}
-				fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "data: {\"type\": \"ping\"}\n\n")
+				if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "data: {\"type\": \"ping\"}\n\n"); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
 				flusher.Flush()
 			}
 
@@ -414,7 +416,9 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) handleStreamingAwareError(c *gin.Context, status int, e
 		if ok {
 			// Send error event in SSE format
 			errorEvent := fmt.Sprintf(`data: {"type": "error", "error": {"type": "%s", "message": "%s"}}`+"\n\n", errType, message)
-			fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, errorEvent)
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, errorEvent); err != nil {
+				_ = c.Error(err)
+			}
 			flusher.Flush()
 		}
 		return
@@ -574,11 +578,11 @@ func sendMockWarmupStream(c *gin.Context, model string) {
 // sendMockWarmupResponse 发送非流式 mock 响应（用于预热请求拦截）
 func sendMockWarmupResponse(c *gin.Context, model string) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-		"id":      "msg_mock_warmup",
+		"id":          "msg_mock_warmup",
-		"type":    "message",
+		"type":        "message",
-		"role":    "assistant",
+		"role":        "assistant",
-		"model":   model,
+		"model":       model,
-		"content": []gin.H{{"type": "text", "text": "New Conversation"}},
+		"content":     []gin.H{{"type": "text", "text": "New Conversation"}},
 		"stop_reason": "end_turn",
 		"usage": gin.H{
 			"input_tokens":  10,

backend/internal/handler/usage_handler.go

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ func (h *UsageHandler) DashboardApiKeysUsage(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	if len(req.ApiKeyIDs) == 0 {
-		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]interface{}{}})
+		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]any{}})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func (h *UsageHandler) DashboardApiKeysUsage(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	if len(validApiKeyIDs) == 0 {
-		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]interface{}{}})
+		response.Success(c, gin.H{"stats": map[string]any{}})
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/model/account.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // JSONB 用于存储JSONB数据
-type JSONB map[string]interface{}
+type JSONB map[string]any
 
 func (j JSONB) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
 	if j == nil {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func (j JSONB) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(j)
 }
 
-func (j *JSONB) Scan(value interface{}) error {
+func (j *JSONB) Scan(value any) error {
 	if value == nil {
 		*j = nil
 		return nil
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ type Account struct {
 	Extra        JSONB          `gorm:"type:jsonb;default:'{}'" json:"extra"`       // 扩展信息
 	ProxyID      *int64         `gorm:"index" json:"proxy_id"`
 	Concurrency  int            `gorm:"default:3;not null" json:"concurrency"`
-	Priority     int            `gorm:"default:50;not null" json:"priority"`            // 1-100，越小越高
+	Priority     int            `gorm:"default:50;not null" json:"priority"`           // 1-100，越小越高
-	Status       string         `gorm:"size:20;default:active;not null" json:"status"`  // active/disabled/error
+	Status       string         `gorm:"size:20;default:active;not null" json:"status"` // active/disabled/error
 	ErrorMessage string         `gorm:"type:text" json:"error_message"`
 	LastUsedAt   *time.Time     `gorm:"index" json:"last_used_at"`
 	CreatedAt    time.Time      `gorm:"not null" json:"created_at"`
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetModelMapping() map[string]string {
 		return nil
 	}
 	// 处理map[string]interface{}类型
-	if m, ok := raw.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+	if m, ok := raw.(map[string]any); ok {
 		result := make(map[string]string)
 		for k, v := range m {
 			if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetModelMapping() map[string]string {
 // 如果没有设置模型映射，则支持所有模型
 func (a *Account) IsModelSupported(requestedModel string) bool {
 	mapping := a.GetModelMapping()
-	if mapping == nil || len(mapping) == 0 {
+	if len(mapping) == 0 {
 		return true // 没有映射配置，支持所有模型
 	}
 	_, exists := mapping[requestedModel]
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func (a *Account) IsModelSupported(requestedModel string) bool {
 // 如果没有映射，返回原始模型名
 func (a *Account) GetMappedModel(requestedModel string) string {
 	mapping := a.GetModelMapping()
-	if mapping == nil || len(mapping) == 0 {
+	if len(mapping) == 0 {
 		return requestedModel
 	}
 	if mappedModel, exists := mapping[requestedModel]; exists {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetCustomErrorCodes() []int {
 		return nil
 	}
 	// 处理 []interface{} 类型（JSON反序列化后的格式）
-	if arr, ok := raw.([]interface{}); ok {
+	if arr, ok := raw.([]any); ok {
 		result := make([]int, 0, len(arr))
 		for _, v := range arr {
 			// JSON 数字默认解析为 float64

backend/internal/model/group.go

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Group struct {
-	ID             int64          `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
+	ID             int64   `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
-	Name           string         `gorm:"uniqueIndex;size:100;not null" json:"name"`
+	Name           string  `gorm:"uniqueIndex;size:100;not null" json:"name"`
-	Description    string         `gorm:"type:text" json:"description"`
+	Description    string  `gorm:"type:text" json:"description"`
-	Platform       string         `gorm:"size:50;default:anthropic;not null" json:"platform"` // anthropic/openai/gemini
+	Platform       string  `gorm:"size:50;default:anthropic;not null" json:"platform"` // anthropic/openai/gemini
-	RateMultiplier float64        `gorm:"type:decimal(10,4);default:1.0;not null" json:"rate_multiplier"`
+	RateMultiplier float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(10,4);default:1.0;not null" json:"rate_multiplier"`
-	IsExclusive    bool           `gorm:"default:false;not null" json:"is_exclusive"`
+	IsExclusive    bool    `gorm:"default:false;not null" json:"is_exclusive"`
-	Status         string         `gorm:"size:20;default:active;not null" json:"status"` // active/disabled
+	Status         string  `gorm:"size:20;default:active;not null" json:"status"` // active/disabled
 
 	// 订阅功能字段
 	SubscriptionType string   `gorm:"size:20;default:standard;not null" json:"subscription_type"` // standard/subscription

backend/internal/model/redeem_code.go

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ import (
 type RedeemCode struct {
 	ID        int64      `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
 	Code      string     `gorm:"uniqueIndex;size:32;not null" json:"code"`
-	Type      string     `gorm:"size:20;default:balance;not null" json:"type"` // balance/concurrency/subscription
+	Type      string     `gorm:"size:20;default:balance;not null" json:"type"`  // balance/concurrency/subscription
-	Value     float64    `gorm:"type:decimal(20,8);not null" json:"value"`     // 面值(USD)或并发数或有效天数
+	Value     float64    `gorm:"type:decimal(20,8);not null" json:"value"`      // 面值(USD)或并发数或有效天数
 	Status    string     `gorm:"size:20;default:unused;not null" json:"status"` // unused/used
 	UsedBy    *int64     `gorm:"index" json:"used_by"`
 	UsedAt    *time.Time `json:"used_at"`
 	CreatedAt time.Time  `gorm:"not null" json:"created_at"`
 
 	// 订阅类型专用字段
-	GroupID      *int64 `gorm:"index" json:"group_id"`      // 订阅分组ID (仅subscription类型使用)
+	GroupID      *int64 `gorm:"index" json:"group_id"`           // 订阅分组ID (仅subscription类型使用)
 	ValidityDays int    `gorm:"default:30" json:"validity_days"` // 订阅有效天数 (仅subscription类型使用)
 
 	// 关联
@@ -40,8 +40,10 @@ func (r *RedeemCode) CanUse() bool {
 }
 
 // GenerateRedeemCode 生成唯一的兑换码
-func GenerateRedeemCode() string {
+func GenerateRedeemCode() (string, error) {
 	b := make([]byte, 16)
-	rand.Read(b)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
-	return hex.EncodeToString(b)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(b), nil
 }

backend/internal/model/setting.go

@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ func (Setting) TableName() string {
 // 设置Key常量
 const (
 	// 注册设置
-	SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled = "registration_enabled"  // 是否开放注册
+	SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled = "registration_enabled" // 是否开放注册
-	SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled  = "email_verify_enabled"  // 是否开启邮件验证
+	SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled  = "email_verify_enabled" // 是否开启邮件验证
 
 	// 邮件服务设置
-	SettingKeySmtpHost     = "smtp_host"     // SMTP服务器地址
+	SettingKeySmtpHost     = "smtp_host"      // SMTP服务器地址
-	SettingKeySmtpPort     = "smtp_port"     // SMTP端口
+	SettingKeySmtpPort     = "smtp_port"      // SMTP端口
-	SettingKeySmtpUsername = "smtp_username" // SMTP用户名
+	SettingKeySmtpUsername = "smtp_username"  // SMTP用户名
-	SettingKeySmtpPassword = "smtp_password" // SMTP密码（加密存储）
+	SettingKeySmtpPassword = "smtp_password"  // SMTP密码（加密存储）
-	SettingKeySmtpFrom     = "smtp_from"     // 发件人地址
+	SettingKeySmtpFrom     = "smtp_from"      // 发件人地址
 	SettingKeySmtpFromName = "smtp_from_name" // 发件人名称
-	SettingKeySmtpUseTLS   = "smtp_use_tls"  // 是否使用TLS
+	SettingKeySmtpUseTLS   = "smtp_use_tls"   // 是否使用TLS
 
 	// Cloudflare Turnstile 设置
 	SettingKeyTurnstileEnabled   = "turnstile_enabled"    // 是否启用 Turnstile 验证

backend/internal/model/usage_log.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ type UsageLog struct {
 	OutputCost        float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(20,10);default:0;not null" json:"output_cost"`
 	CacheCreationCost float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(20,10);default:0;not null" json:"cache_creation_cost"`
 	CacheReadCost     float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(20,10);default:0;not null" json:"cache_read_cost"`
-	TotalCost         float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(20,10);default:0;not null" json:"total_cost"`      // 原始总费用
+	TotalCost         float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(20,10);default:0;not null" json:"total_cost"`     // 原始总费用
 	ActualCost        float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(20,10);default:0;not null" json:"actual_cost"`    // 实际扣除费用
 	RateMultiplier    float64 `gorm:"type:decimal(10,4);default:1;not null" json:"rate_multiplier"` // 计费倍率
 

backend/internal/model/user.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 type User struct {
-	ID    int64  `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
+	ID            int64          `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
-	Email string `gorm:"uniqueIndex;size:255;not null" json:"email"`
+	Email         string         `gorm:"uniqueIndex;size:255;not null" json:"email"`
 	PasswordHash  string         `gorm:"size:255;not null" json:"-"`
 	Role          string         `gorm:"size:20;default:user;not null" json:"role"` // admin/user
 	Balance       float64        `gorm:"type:decimal(20,8);default:0;not null" json:"balance"`

backend/internal/pkg/response/response.go

@@ -9,22 +9,22 @@ import (
 
 // Response 标准API响应格式
 type Response struct {
-	Code    int         `json:"code"`
+	Code    int    `json:"code"`
-	Message string      `json:"message"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
-	Data    interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
+	Data    any    `json:"data,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // PaginatedData 分页数据格式（匹配前端期望）
 type PaginatedData struct {
-	Items    interface{} `json:"items"`
+	Items    any   `json:"items"`
-	Total    int64       `json:"total"`
+	Total    int64 `json:"total"`
-	Page     int         `json:"page"`
+	Page     int   `json:"page"`
-	PageSize int         `json:"page_size"`
+	PageSize int   `json:"page_size"`
-	Pages    int         `json:"pages"`
+	Pages    int   `json:"pages"`
 }
 
 // Success 返回成功响应
-func Success(c *gin.Context, data interface{}) {
+func Success(c *gin.Context, data any) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, Response{
 		Code:    0,
 		Message: "success",
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func Success(c *gin.Context, data interface{}) {
 }
 
 // Created 返回创建成功响应
-func Created(c *gin.Context, data interface{}) {
+func Created(c *gin.Context, data any) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, Response{
 		Code:    0,
 		Message: "success",
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func InternalError(c *gin.Context, message string) {
 }
 
 // Paginated 返回分页数据
-func Paginated(c *gin.Context, items interface{}, total int64, page, pageSize int) {
+func Paginated(c *gin.Context, items any, total int64, page, pageSize int) {
 	pages := int(math.Ceil(float64(total) / float64(pageSize)))
 	if pages < 1 {
 		pages = 1
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ type PaginationResult struct {
 }
 
 // PaginatedWithResult 使用PaginationResult返回分页数据
-func PaginatedWithResult(c *gin.Context, items interface{}, pagination *PaginationResult) {
+func PaginatedWithResult(c *gin.Context, items any, pagination *PaginationResult) {
 	if pagination == nil {
 		Success(c, PaginatedData{
 			Items:    items,

backend/internal/pkg/timezone/timezone_test.go

@@ -37,11 +37,15 @@ func TestInitInvalidTimezone(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimeNowAffected(t *testing.T) {
 	// Reset to UTC first
-	Init("UTC")
+	if err := Init("UTC"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Init failed with UTC: %v", err)
+	}
 	utcNow := time.Now()
 
 	// Switch to Shanghai (UTC+8)
-	Init("Asia/Shanghai")
+	if err := Init("Asia/Shanghai"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Init failed with Asia/Shanghai: %v", err)
+	}
 	shanghaiNow := time.Now()
 
 	// The times should be the same instant, but different timezone representation
@@ -58,7 +62,9 @@ func TestTimeNowAffected(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestToday(t *testing.T) {
-	Init("Asia/Shanghai")
+	if err := Init("Asia/Shanghai"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Init failed with Asia/Shanghai: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	today := Today()
 	now := Now()
@@ -75,7 +81,9 @@ func TestToday(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStartOfDay(t *testing.T) {
-	Init("Asia/Shanghai")
+	if err := Init("Asia/Shanghai"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Init failed with Asia/Shanghai: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	// Create a time at 15:30:45
 	testTime := time.Date(2024, 6, 15, 15, 30, 45, 123456789, Location())
@@ -91,7 +99,9 @@ func TestTruncateVsStartOfDay(t *testing.T) {
 	// This test demonstrates why Truncate(24*time.Hour) can be problematic
 	// and why StartOfDay is more reliable for timezone-aware code
 
-	Init("Asia/Shanghai")
+	if err := Init("Asia/Shanghai"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Init failed with Asia/Shanghai: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	now := Now()
 

backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func (r *AccountRepository) UpdateLastUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 
 func (r *AccountRepository) SetError(ctx context.Context, id int64, errorMsg string) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.Account{}).Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"status":        model.StatusError,
 			"error_message": errorMsg,
 		}).Error
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (r *AccountRepository) ListSchedulableByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupI
 func (r *AccountRepository) SetRateLimited(ctx context.Context, id int64, resetAt time.Time) error {
 	now := time.Now()
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.Account{}).Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"rate_limited_at":     now,
 			"rate_limit_reset_at": resetAt,
 		}).Error
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ func (r *AccountRepository) SetOverloaded(ctx context.Context, id int64, until t
 // ClearRateLimit 清除账号的限流状态
 func (r *AccountRepository) ClearRateLimit(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.Account{}).Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"rate_limited_at":     nil,
 			"rate_limit_reset_at": nil,
 			"overload_until":      nil,
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ func (r *AccountRepository) ClearRateLimit(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 
 // UpdateSessionWindow 更新账号的5小时时间窗口信息
 func (r *AccountRepository) UpdateSessionWindow(ctx context.Context, id int64, start, end *time.Time, status string) error {
-	updates := map[string]interface{}{
+	updates := map[string]any{
 		"session_window_status": status,
 	}
 	if start != nil {

backend/internal/repository/billing_cache.go

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (c *billingCache) SetSubscriptionCache(ctx context.Context, userID, groupID
 
 	key := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d:%d", billingSubKeyPrefix, userID, groupID)
 
-	fields := map[string]interface{}{
+	fields := map[string]any{
 		subFieldStatus:       data.Status,
 		subFieldExpiresAt:    data.ExpiresAt.Unix(),
 		subFieldDailyUsage:   data.DailyUsage,

backend/internal/repository/claude_oauth_service.go

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (s *claudeOAuthService) GetAuthorizationCode(ctx context.Context, sessionKe
 
 	authURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://claude.ai/v1/oauth/%s/authorize", orgUUID)
 
-	reqBody := map[string]interface{}{
+	reqBody := map[string]any{
 		"response_type":         "code",
 		"client_id":             oauth.ClientID,
 		"organization_uuid":     orgUUID,
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func (s *claudeOAuthService) ExchangeCodeForToken(ctx context.Context, code, cod
 		}
 	}
 
-	reqBody := map[string]interface{}{
+	reqBody := map[string]any{
 		"code":          authCode,
 		"grant_type":    "authorization_code",
 		"client_id":     oauth.ClientID,

backend/internal/repository/claude_usage_service.go

@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ func NewClaudeUsageFetcher() service.ClaudeUsageFetcher {
 }
 
 func (s *claudeUsageService) FetchUsage(ctx context.Context, accessToken, proxyURL string) (*service.ClaudeUsageResponse, error) {
-	transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	transport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get default transport")
+	}
+	transport = transport.Clone()
 	if proxyURL != "" {
 		if parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL); err == nil {
 			transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)
@@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ func (s *claudeUsageService) FetchUsage(ctx context.Context, accessToken, proxyU
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

backend/internal/repository/github_release_service.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func (c *githubReleaseClient) FetchLatestRelease(ctx context.Context, repo strin
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GitHub API returned %d", resp.StatusCode)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (c *githubReleaseClient) DownloadFile(ctx context.Context, url, dest string
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return fmt.Errorf("download returned %d", resp.StatusCode)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (c *githubReleaseClient) DownloadFile(ctx context.Context, url, dest string
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer out.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = out.Close() }()
 
 	// SECURITY: Use LimitReader to enforce max download size even if Content-Length is missing/wrong
 	limited := io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxSize+1)
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (c *githubReleaseClient) DownloadFile(ctx context.Context, url, dest string
 
 	// Check if we hit the limit (downloaded more than maxSize)
 	if written > maxSize {
-		os.Remove(dest) // Clean up partial file
+		_ = os.Remove(dest) // Clean up partial file (best-effort)
 		return fmt.Errorf("download exceeded maximum size of %d bytes", maxSize)
 	}
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (c *githubReleaseClient) FetchChecksumFile(ctx context.Context, url string)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)

backend/internal/repository/pricing_service.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func (c *pricingRemoteClient) FetchPricingJSON(ctx context.Context, url string)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (c *pricingRemoteClient) FetchHashText(ctx context.Context, url string) (st
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)

backend/internal/repository/proxy_probe_service.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (s *proxyProbeService) ProbeProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyURL string) (*s
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("proxy connection failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	latencyMs := time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds()
 

backend/internal/repository/redeem_code_repo.go

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (r *RedeemCodeRepository) Use(ctx context.Context, id, userID int64) error
 	now := time.Now()
 	result := r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.RedeemCode{}).
 		Where("id = ? AND status = ?", id, model.StatusUnused).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"status":  model.StatusUsed,
 			"used_by": userID,
 			"used_at": now,

backend/internal/repository/turnstile_service.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (v *turnstileVerifier) VerifyToken(ctx context.Context, secretKey, token, r
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("send request: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	var result service.TurnstileVerifyResponse
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result); err != nil {

backend/internal/repository/user_subscription_repo.go

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) IncrementUsage(ctx context.Context, id int64, costUSD float64) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"daily_usage_usd":   gorm.Expr("daily_usage_usd + ?", costUSD),
 			"weekly_usage_usd":  gorm.Expr("weekly_usage_usd + ?", costUSD),
 			"monthly_usage_usd": gorm.Expr("monthly_usage_usd + ?", costUSD),
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) IncrementUsage(ctx context.Context, id int6
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ResetDailyUsage(ctx context.Context, id int64, newWindowStart time.Time) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"daily_usage_usd":    0,
 			"daily_window_start": newWindowStart,
 			"updated_at":         time.Now(),
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ResetDailyUsage(ctx context.Context, id int
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ResetWeeklyUsage(ctx context.Context, id int64, newWindowStart time.Time) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"weekly_usage_usd":    0,
 			"weekly_window_start": newWindowStart,
 			"updated_at":          time.Now(),
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ResetWeeklyUsage(ctx context.Context, id in
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ResetMonthlyUsage(ctx context.Context, id int64, newWindowStart time.Time) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"monthly_usage_usd":    0,
 			"monthly_window_start": newWindowStart,
 			"updated_at":           time.Now(),
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ResetMonthlyUsage(ctx context.Context, id i
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ActivateWindows(ctx context.Context, id int64, activateTime time.Time) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"daily_window_start":   activateTime,
 			"weekly_window_start":  activateTime,
 			"monthly_window_start": activateTime,
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ActivateWindows(ctx context.Context, id int
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, id int64, status string) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"status":     status,
 			"updated_at": time.Now(),
 		}).Error
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, id int64,
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ExtendExpiry(ctx context.Context, id int64, newExpiresAt time.Time) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"expires_at": newExpiresAt,
 			"updated_at": time.Now(),
 		}).Error
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ExtendExpiry(ctx context.Context, id int64,
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) UpdateNotes(ctx context.Context, id int64, notes string) error {
 	return r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"notes":      notes,
 			"updated_at": time.Now(),
 		}).Error
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) ListExpired(ctx context.Context) ([]model.U
 func (r *UserSubscriptionRepository) BatchUpdateExpiredStatus(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
 	result := r.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.UserSubscription{}).
 		Where("status = ? AND expires_at <= ?", model.SubscriptionStatusActive, time.Now()).
-		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+		Updates(map[string]any{
 			"status":     model.SubscriptionStatusExpired,
 			"updated_at": time.Now(),
 		})

backend/internal/service/account_service.go

@@ -17,27 +17,27 @@ var (
 
 // CreateAccountRequest 创建账号请求
 type CreateAccountRequest struct {
-	Name        string                 `json:"name"`
+	Name        string         `json:"name"`
-	Platform    string                 `json:"platform"`
+	Platform    string         `json:"platform"`
-	Type        string                 `json:"type"`
+	Type        string         `json:"type"`
-	Credentials map[string]interface{} `json:"credentials"`
+	Credentials map[string]any `json:"credentials"`
-	Extra       map[string]interface{} `json:"extra"`
+	Extra       map[string]any `json:"extra"`
-	ProxyID     *int64                 `json:"proxy_id"`
+	ProxyID     *int64         `json:"proxy_id"`
-	Concurrency int                    `json:"concurrency"`
+	Concurrency int            `json:"concurrency"`
-	Priority    int                    `json:"priority"`
+	Priority    int            `json:"priority"`
-	GroupIDs    []int64                `json:"group_ids"`
+	GroupIDs    []int64        `json:"group_ids"`
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountRequest 更新账号请求
 type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
-	Name        *string                 `json:"name"`
+	Name        *string         `json:"name"`
-	Credentials *map[string]interface{} `json:"credentials"`
+	Credentials *map[string]any `json:"credentials"`
-	Extra       *map[string]interface{} `json:"extra"`
+	Extra       *map[string]any `json:"extra"`
-	ProxyID     *int64                  `json:"proxy_id"`
+	ProxyID     *int64          `json:"proxy_id"`
-	Concurrency *int                    `json:"concurrency"`
+	Concurrency *int            `json:"concurrency"`
-	Priority    *int                    `json:"priority"`
+	Priority    *int            `json:"priority"`
-	Status      *string                 `json:"status"`
+	Status      *string         `json:"status"`
-	GroupIDs    *[]int64                `json:"group_ids"`
+	GroupIDs    *[]int64        `json:"group_ids"`
 }
 
 // AccountService 账号管理服务

backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go

@@ -51,22 +51,29 @@ func NewAccountTestService(accountRepo ports.AccountRepository, oauthService *OA
 }
 
 // generateSessionString generates a Claude Code style session string
-func generateSessionString() string {
+func generateSessionString() (string, error) {
 	bytes := make([]byte, 32)
-	rand.Read(bytes)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(bytes); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
 	hex64 := hex.EncodeToString(bytes)
 	sessionUUID := uuid.New().String()
-	return fmt.Sprintf("user_%s_account__session_%s", hex64, sessionUUID)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("user_%s_account__session_%s", hex64, sessionUUID), nil
 }
 
 // createTestPayload creates a Claude Code style test request payload
-func createTestPayload(modelID string) map[string]interface{} {
+func createTestPayload(modelID string) (map[string]any, error) {
-	return map[string]interface{}{
+	sessionID, err := generateSessionString()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return map[string]any{
 		"model": modelID,
-		"messages": []map[string]interface{}{
+		"messages": []map[string]any{
 			{
 				"role": "user",
-				"content": []map[string]interface{}{
+				"content": []map[string]any{
 					{
 						"type": "text",
 						"text": "hi",
@@ -77,7 +84,7 @@ func createTestPayload(modelID string) map[string]interface{} {
 				},
 			},
 		},
-		"system": []map[string]interface{}{
+		"system": []map[string]any{
 			{
 				"type": "text",
 				"text": "You are Claude Code, Anthropic's official CLI for Claude.",
@@ -87,12 +94,12 @@ func createTestPayload(modelID string) map[string]interface{} {
 			},
 		},
 		"metadata": map[string]string{
-			"user_id": generateSessionString(),
+			"user_id": sessionID,
 		},
 		"max_tokens":  1024,
 		"temperature": 1,
 		"stream":      true,
-	}
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // TestAccountConnection tests an account's connection by sending a test request
@@ -116,7 +123,7 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) TestAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, accountID int
 	// For API Key accounts with model mapping, map the model
 	if account.Type == "apikey" {
 		mapping := account.GetModelMapping()
-		if mapping != nil && len(mapping) > 0 {
+		if len(mapping) > 0 {
 			if mappedModel, exists := mapping[testModelID]; exists {
 				testModelID = mappedModel
 			}
@@ -178,7 +185,10 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) TestAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, accountID int
 	c.Writer.Flush()
 
 	// Create Claude Code style payload (same for all account types)
-	payload := createTestPayload(testModelID)
+	payload, err := createTestPayload(testModelID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create test payload")
+	}
 	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
 
 	// Send test_start event
@@ -216,7 +226,7 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) TestAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, accountID int
 	if err != nil {
 		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
@@ -252,7 +262,7 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) processStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		var data map[string]interface{}
+		var data map[string]any
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &data); err != nil {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -261,7 +271,7 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) processStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error
 
 		switch eventType {
 		case "content_block_delta":
-			if delta, ok := data["delta"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if delta, ok := data["delta"].(map[string]any); ok {
 				if text, ok := delta["text"].(string); ok {
 					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text})
 				}
@@ -271,7 +281,7 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) processStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error
 			return nil
 		case "error":
 			errorMsg := "Unknown error"
-			if errData, ok := data["error"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if errData, ok := data["error"].(map[string]any); ok {
 				if msg, ok := errData["message"].(string); ok {
 					errorMsg = msg
 				}
@@ -284,7 +294,10 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) processStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error
 // sendEvent sends a SSE event to the client
 func (s *AccountTestService) sendEvent(c *gin.Context, event TestEvent) {
 	eventJSON, _ := json.Marshal(event)
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "data: %s\n\n", eventJSON)
+	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "data: %s\n\n", eventJSON); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("failed to write SSE event: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
 	c.Writer.Flush()
 }
 

backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go

@@ -70,16 +70,14 @@ type ClaudeUsageFetcher interface {
 type AccountUsageService struct {
 	accountRepo  ports.AccountRepository
 	usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository
-	oauthService *OAuthService
 	usageFetcher ClaudeUsageFetcher
 }
 
 // NewAccountUsageService 创建AccountUsageService实例
-func NewAccountUsageService(accountRepo ports.AccountRepository, usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository, oauthService *OAuthService, usageFetcher ClaudeUsageFetcher) *AccountUsageService {
+func NewAccountUsageService(accountRepo ports.AccountRepository, usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository, usageFetcher ClaudeUsageFetcher) *AccountUsageService {
 	return &AccountUsageService{
 		accountRepo:  accountRepo,
 		usageLogRepo: usageLogRepo,
-		oauthService: oauthService,
 		usageFetcher: usageFetcher,
 	}
 }
@@ -98,8 +96,10 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) GetUsage(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) (*U
 	if account.CanGetUsage() {
 		// 检查缓存
 		if cached, ok := usageCacheMap.Load(accountID); ok {
-			cache := cached.(*usageCache)
+			cache, ok := cached.(*usageCache)
-			if time.Since(cache.timestamp) < cacheTTL {
+			if !ok {
+				usageCacheMap.Delete(accountID)
+			} else if time.Since(cache.timestamp) < cacheTTL {
 				return cache.data, nil
 			}
 		}

backend/internal/service/admin_service.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"time"
 
 	"sub2api/internal/model"
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ type AdminService interface {
 	DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 	UpdateUserBalance(ctx context.Context, userID int64, balance float64, operation string) (*model.User, error)
 	GetUserAPIKeys(ctx context.Context, userID int64, page, pageSize int) ([]model.ApiKey, int64, error)
-	GetUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userID int64, period string) (interface{}, error)
+	GetUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userID int64, period string) (any, error)
 
 	// Group management
 	ListGroups(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int, platform, status string, isExclusive *bool) ([]model.Group, int64, error)
@@ -113,8 +114,8 @@ type CreateAccountInput struct {
 	Name        string
 	Platform    string
 	Type        string
-	Credentials map[string]interface{}
+	Credentials map[string]any
-	Extra       map[string]interface{}
+	Extra       map[string]any
 	ProxyID     *int64
 	Concurrency int
 	Priority    int
@@ -124,8 +125,8 @@ type CreateAccountInput struct {
 type UpdateAccountInput struct {
 	Name        string
 	Type        string // Account type: oauth, setup-token, apikey
-	Credentials map[string]interface{}
+	Credentials map[string]any
-	Extra       map[string]interface{}
+	Extra       map[string]any
 	ProxyID     *int64
 	Concurrency *int // 使用指针区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
 	Priority    *int // 使用指针区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
@@ -192,8 +193,6 @@ type adminServiceImpl struct {
 	proxyRepo           ports.ProxyRepository
 	apiKeyRepo          ports.ApiKeyRepository
 	redeemCodeRepo      ports.RedeemCodeRepository
-	usageLogRepo        ports.UsageLogRepository
-	userSubRepo         ports.UserSubscriptionRepository
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService
 	proxyProber         ProxyExitInfoProber
 }
@@ -206,8 +205,6 @@ func NewAdminService(
 	proxyRepo ports.ProxyRepository,
 	apiKeyRepo ports.ApiKeyRepository,
 	redeemCodeRepo ports.RedeemCodeRepository,
-	usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository,
-	userSubRepo ports.UserSubscriptionRepository,
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService,
 	proxyProber ProxyExitInfoProber,
 ) AdminService {
@@ -218,8 +215,6 @@ func NewAdminService(
 		proxyRepo:           proxyRepo,
 		apiKeyRepo:          apiKeyRepo,
 		redeemCodeRepo:      redeemCodeRepo,
-		usageLogRepo:        usageLogRepo,
-		userSubRepo:         userSubRepo,
 		billingCacheService: billingCacheService,
 		proxyProber:         proxyProber,
 	}
@@ -309,7 +304,9 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *Upda
 			go func() {
 				cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 				defer cancel()
-				s.billingCacheService.InvalidateUserBalance(cacheCtx, id)
+				if err := s.billingCacheService.InvalidateUserBalance(cacheCtx, id); err != nil {
+					log.Printf("invalidate user balance cache failed: user_id=%d err=%v", id, err)
+				}
 			}()
 		}
 	}
@@ -317,8 +314,13 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *Upda
 	// Create adjustment records for balance/concurrency changes
 	balanceDiff := user.Balance - oldBalance
 	if balanceDiff != 0 {
+		code, err := model.GenerateRedeemCode()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("failed to generate adjustment redeem code: %v", err)
+			return user, nil
+		}
 		adjustmentRecord := &model.RedeemCode{
-			Code:   model.GenerateRedeemCode(),
+			Code:   code,
 			Type:   model.AdjustmentTypeAdminBalance,
 			Value:  balanceDiff,
 			Status: model.StatusUsed,
@@ -327,15 +329,19 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *Upda
 		now := time.Now()
 		adjustmentRecord.UsedAt = &now
 		if err := s.redeemCodeRepo.Create(ctx, adjustmentRecord); err != nil {
-			// Log error but don't fail the update
+			log.Printf("failed to create balance adjustment redeem code: %v", err)
-			// The user update has already succeeded
 		}
 	}
 
 	concurrencyDiff := user.Concurrency - oldConcurrency
 	if concurrencyDiff != 0 {
+		code, err := model.GenerateRedeemCode()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("failed to generate adjustment redeem code: %v", err)
+			return user, nil
+		}
 		adjustmentRecord := &model.RedeemCode{
-			Code:   model.GenerateRedeemCode(),
+			Code:   code,
 			Type:   model.AdjustmentTypeAdminConcurrency,
 			Value:  float64(concurrencyDiff),
 			Status: model.StatusUsed,
@@ -344,8 +350,7 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *Upda
 		now := time.Now()
 		adjustmentRecord.UsedAt = &now
 		if err := s.redeemCodeRepo.Create(ctx, adjustmentRecord); err != nil {
-			// Log error but don't fail the update
+			log.Printf("failed to create concurrency adjustment redeem code: %v", err)
-			// The user update has already succeeded
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -388,7 +393,9 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateUserBalance(ctx context.Context, userID int64,
 		go func() {
 			cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
-			s.billingCacheService.InvalidateUserBalance(cacheCtx, userID)
+			if err := s.billingCacheService.InvalidateUserBalance(cacheCtx, userID); err != nil {
+				log.Printf("invalidate user balance cache failed: user_id=%d err=%v", userID, err)
+			}
 		}()
 	}
 
@@ -404,9 +411,9 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) GetUserAPIKeys(ctx context.Context, userID int64, pag
 	return keys, result.Total, nil
 }
 
-func (s *adminServiceImpl) GetUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userID int64, period string) (interface{}, error) {
+func (s *adminServiceImpl) GetUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userID int64, period string) (any, error) {
 	// Return mock data for now
-	return map[string]interface{}{
+	return map[string]any{
 		"period":          period,
 		"total_requests":  0,
 		"total_cost":      0.0,
@@ -579,7 +586,9 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) DeleteGroup(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 			cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
 			for _, userID := range affectedUserIDs {
-				s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
+				if err := s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID); err != nil {
+					log.Printf("invalidate subscription cache failed: user_id=%d group_id=%d err=%v", userID, groupID, err)
+				}
 			}
 		}()
 	}
@@ -646,10 +655,10 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateAccount(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *U
 	if input.Type != "" {
 		account.Type = input.Type
 	}
-	if input.Credentials != nil && len(input.Credentials) > 0 {
+	if len(input.Credentials) > 0 {
 		account.Credentials = model.JSONB(input.Credentials)
 	}
-	if input.Extra != nil && len(input.Extra) > 0 {
+	if len(input.Extra) > 0 {
 		account.Extra = model.JSONB(input.Extra)
 	}
 	if input.ProxyID != nil {
@@ -831,8 +840,12 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) GenerateRedeemCodes(ctx context.Context, input *Gener
 
 	codes := make([]model.RedeemCode, 0, input.Count)
 	for i := 0; i < input.Count; i++ {
+		codeValue, err := model.GenerateRedeemCode()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		code := model.RedeemCode{
-			Code:   model.GenerateRedeemCode(),
+			Code:   codeValue,
 			Type:   input.Type,
 			Value:  input.Value,
 			Status: model.StatusUnused,

backend/internal/service/api_key_service.go

@@ -100,10 +100,13 @@ func (s *ApiKeyService) ValidateCustomKey(key string) error {
 
 	// 检查字符：只允许字母、数字、下划线、连字符
 	for _, c := range key {
-		if !((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
-			(c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '_' || c == '-') {
+			(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
-			return ErrApiKeyInvalidChars
+			(c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
+			c == '_' || c == '-' {
+			continue
 		}
+		return ErrApiKeyInvalidChars
 	}
 
 	return nil

backend/internal/service/auth_service.go

@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ func (s *AuthService) Login(ctx context.Context, email, password string) (string
 
 // ValidateToken 验证JWT token并返回用户声明
 func (s *AuthService) ValidateToken(tokenString string) (*JWTClaims, error) {
-	token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &JWTClaims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
+	token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &JWTClaims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (any, error) {
 		// 验证签名方法
 		if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"])

backend/internal/service/billing_service.go

@@ -259,11 +259,11 @@ func (s *BillingService) GetEstimatedCost(model string, estimatedInputTokens, es
 }
 
 // GetPricingServiceStatus 获取价格服务状态
-func (s *BillingService) GetPricingServiceStatus() map[string]interface{} {
+func (s *BillingService) GetPricingServiceStatus() map[string]any {
 	if s.pricingService != nil {
 		return s.pricingService.GetStatus()
 	}
-	return map[string]interface{}{
+	return map[string]any{
 		"model_count":  len(s.fallbackPrices),
 		"last_updated": "using fallback",
 		"local_hash":   "N/A",

backend/internal/service/concurrency_service.go

@@ -9,12 +9,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	// Wait polling interval
-	waitPollInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
-
-	// Default max wait time
-	defaultMaxWait = 60 * time.Second
-
 	// Default extra wait slots beyond concurrency limit
 	defaultExtraWaitSlots = 20
 )
@@ -31,7 +25,7 @@ func NewConcurrencyService(cache ports.ConcurrencyCache) *ConcurrencyService {
 
 // AcquireResult represents the result of acquiring a concurrency slot
 type AcquireResult struct {
-	Acquired   bool
+	Acquired    bool
 	ReleaseFunc func() // Must be called when done (typically via defer)
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +48,7 @@ func (s *ConcurrencyService) AcquireAccountSlot(ctx context.Context, accountID i
 
 	if acquired {
 		return &AcquireResult{
-			Acquired:    true,
+			Acquired: true,
 			ReleaseFunc: func() {
 				bgCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 				defer cancel()
@@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ func (s *ConcurrencyService) AcquireUserSlot(ctx context.Context, userID int64,
 
 	if acquired {
 		return &AcquireResult{
-			Acquired:    true,
+			Acquired: true,
 			ReleaseFunc: func() {
 				bgCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 				defer cancel()

backend/internal/service/email_service.go

@@ -133,13 +133,13 @@ func (s *EmailService) sendMailTLS(addr string, auth smtp.Auth, from, to string,
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("tls dial: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer conn.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = conn.Close() }()
 
 	client, err := smtp.NewClient(conn, host)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("new smtp client: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer client.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = client.Close() }()
 
 	if err = client.Auth(auth); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("smtp auth: %w", err)
@@ -303,13 +303,13 @@ func (s *EmailService) TestSmtpConnectionWithConfig(config *SmtpConfig) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("tls connection failed: %w", err)
 		}
-		defer conn.Close()
+		defer func() { _ = conn.Close() }()
 
 		client, err := smtp.NewClient(conn, config.Host)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("smtp client creation failed: %w", err)
 		}
-		defer client.Close()
+		defer func() { _ = client.Close() }()
 
 		auth := smtp.PlainAuth("", config.Username, config.Password, config.Host)
 		if err = client.Auth(auth); err != nil {
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ func (s *EmailService) TestSmtpConnectionWithConfig(config *SmtpConfig) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("smtp connection failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer client.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = client.Close() }()
 
 	auth := smtp.PlainAuth("", config.Username, config.Password, config.Host)
 	if err = client.Auth(auth); err != nil {

backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ var allowedHeaders = map[string]bool{
 	"anthropic-beta":                            true,
 	"accept-language":                           true,
 	"sec-fetch-mode":                            true,
-	"accept-encoding":                           true,
 	"user-agent":                                true,
 	"content-type":                              true,
 }
@@ -84,7 +83,6 @@ type GatewayService struct {
 	userSubRepo         ports.UserSubscriptionRepository
 	cache               ports.GatewayCache
 	cfg                 *config.Config
-	oauthService        *OAuthService
 	billingService      *BillingService
 	rateLimitService    *RateLimitService
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService
@@ -100,7 +98,6 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 	userSubRepo ports.UserSubscriptionRepository,
 	cache ports.GatewayCache,
 	cfg *config.Config,
-	oauthService *OAuthService,
 	billingService *BillingService,
 	rateLimitService *RateLimitService,
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService,
@@ -114,7 +111,6 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 		userSubRepo:         userSubRepo,
 		cache:               cache,
 		cfg:                 cfg,
-		oauthService:        oauthService,
 		billingService:      billingService,
 		rateLimitService:    rateLimitService,
 		billingCacheService: billingCacheService,
@@ -125,13 +121,13 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 
 // GenerateSessionHash 从请求体计算粘性会话hash
 func (s *GatewayService) GenerateSessionHash(body []byte) string {
-	var req map[string]interface{}
+	var req map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
 
 	// 1. 最高优先级：从metadata.user_id提取session_xxx
-	if metadata, ok := req["metadata"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+	if metadata, ok := req["metadata"].(map[string]any); ok {
 		if userID, ok := metadata["user_id"].(string); ok {
 			re := regexp.MustCompile(`session_([a-f0-9-]{36})`)
 			if match := re.FindStringSubmatch(userID); len(match) > 1 {
@@ -155,8 +151,8 @@ func (s *GatewayService) GenerateSessionHash(body []byte) string {
 	}
 
 	// 4. 最后fallback: 使用第一条消息
-	if messages, ok := req["messages"].([]interface{}); ok && len(messages) > 0 {
+	if messages, ok := req["messages"].([]any); ok && len(messages) > 0 {
-		if firstMsg, ok := messages[0].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+		if firstMsg, ok := messages[0].(map[string]any); ok {
 			msgText := s.extractTextFromContent(firstMsg["content"])
 			if msgText != "" {
 				return s.hashContent(msgText)
@@ -167,14 +163,14 @@ func (s *GatewayService) GenerateSessionHash(body []byte) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (s *GatewayService) extractCacheableContent(req map[string]interface{}) string {
+func (s *GatewayService) extractCacheableContent(req map[string]any) string {
 	var content string
 
 	// 检查system中的cacheable内容
-	if system, ok := req["system"].([]interface{}); ok {
+	if system, ok := req["system"].([]any); ok {
 		for _, part := range system {
-			if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]any); ok {
-				if cc, ok := partMap["cache_control"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+				if cc, ok := partMap["cache_control"].(map[string]any); ok {
 					if cc["type"] == "ephemeral" {
 						if text, ok := partMap["text"].(string); ok {
 							content += text
@@ -186,13 +182,13 @@ func (s *GatewayService) extractCacheableContent(req map[string]interface{}) str
 	}
 
 	// 检查messages中的cacheable内容
-	if messages, ok := req["messages"].([]interface{}); ok {
+	if messages, ok := req["messages"].([]any); ok {
 		for _, msg := range messages {
-			if msgMap, ok := msg.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if msgMap, ok := msg.(map[string]any); ok {
-				if msgContent, ok := msgMap["content"].([]interface{}); ok {
+				if msgContent, ok := msgMap["content"].([]any); ok {
 					for _, part := range msgContent {
-						if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+						if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]any); ok {
-							if cc, ok := partMap["cache_control"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+							if cc, ok := partMap["cache_control"].(map[string]any); ok {
 								if cc["type"] == "ephemeral" {
 									// 找到cacheable内容，提取第一条消息的文本
 									return s.extractTextFromContent(msgMap["content"])
@@ -208,14 +204,14 @@ func (s *GatewayService) extractCacheableContent(req map[string]interface{}) str
 	return content
 }
 
-func (s *GatewayService) extractTextFromSystem(system interface{}) string {
+func (s *GatewayService) extractTextFromSystem(system any) string {
 	switch v := system.(type) {
 	case string:
 		return v
-	case []interface{}:
+	case []any:
 		var texts []string
 		for _, part := range v {
-			if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]any); ok {
 				if text, ok := partMap["text"].(string); ok {
 					texts = append(texts, text)
 				}
@@ -226,14 +222,14 @@ func (s *GatewayService) extractTextFromSystem(system interface{}) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (s *GatewayService) extractTextFromContent(content interface{}) string {
+func (s *GatewayService) extractTextFromContent(content any) string {
 	switch v := content.(type) {
 	case string:
 		return v
-	case []interface{}:
+	case []any:
 		var texts []string
 		for _, part := range v {
-			if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]any); ok {
 				if partMap["type"] == "text" {
 					if text, ok := partMap["text"].(string); ok {
 						texts = append(texts, text)
@@ -253,7 +249,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) hashContent(content string) string {
 
 // replaceModelInBody 替换请求体中的model字段
 func (s *GatewayService) replaceModelInBody(body []byte, newModel string) []byte {
-	var req map[string]interface{}
+	var req map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
 		return body
 	}
@@ -281,7 +277,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountForModel(ctx context.Context, groupID *int
 			// 同时检查模型支持
 			if err == nil && account.IsSchedulable() && (requestedModel == "" || account.IsModelSupported(requestedModel)) {
 				// 续期粘性会话
-				s.cache.RefreshSessionTTL(ctx, sessionHash, stickySessionTTL)
+				if err := s.cache.RefreshSessionTTL(ctx, sessionHash, stickySessionTTL); err != nil {
+					log.Printf("refresh session ttl failed: session=%s err=%v", sessionHash, err)
+				}
 				return account, nil
 			}
 		}
@@ -331,7 +329,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountForModel(ctx context.Context, groupID *int
 
 	// 4. 建立粘性绑定
 	if sessionHash != "" {
-		s.cache.SetSessionAccountID(ctx, sessionHash, selected.ID, stickySessionTTL)
+		if err := s.cache.SetSessionAccountID(ctx, sessionHash, selected.ID, stickySessionTTL); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("set session account failed: session=%s account_id=%d err=%v", sessionHash, selected.ID, err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return selected, nil
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *m
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("upstream request failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	// 处理错误响应（包括401，由后台TokenRefreshService维护token有效性）
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) getBetaHeader(body []byte, clientBetaHeader string) str
 
 	// 客户端没传，根据模型生成
 	var modelID string
-	var reqMap map[string]interface{}
+	var reqMap map[string]any
 	if json.Unmarshal(body, &reqMap) == nil {
 		if m, ok := reqMap["model"].(string); ok {
 			modelID = m
@@ -678,7 +678,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 		}
 
 		// 转发行
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", line)
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", line); err != nil {
+			return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, err
+		}
 		flusher.Flush()
 
 		// 解析usage数据
@@ -707,7 +709,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) replaceModelInSSELine(line, fromModel, toModel string)
 		return line
 	}
 
-	var event map[string]interface{}
+	var event map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &event); err != nil {
 		return line
 	}
@@ -717,7 +719,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) replaceModelInSSELine(line, fromModel, toModel string)
 		return line
 	}
 
-	msg, ok := event["message"].(map[string]interface{})
+	msg, ok := event["message"].(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		return line
 	}
@@ -799,7 +801,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleNonStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *h
 
 // replaceModelInResponseBody 替换响应体中的model字段
 func (s *GatewayService) replaceModelInResponseBody(body []byte, fromModel, toModel string) []byte {
-	var resp map[string]interface{}
+	var resp map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &resp); err != nil {
 		return body
 	}
@@ -985,7 +987,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) ForwardCountTokens(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		s.countTokensError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Request failed")
 		return fmt.Errorf("upstream request failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	}()
 
 	// 读取响应体
 	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

backend/internal/service/group_service.go

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (s *GroupService) Delete(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 }
 
 // GetStats 获取分组统计信息
-func (s *GroupService) GetStats(ctx context.Context, id int64) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (s *GroupService) GetStats(ctx context.Context, id int64) (map[string]any, error) {
 	group, err := s.groupRepo.GetByID(ctx, id)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func (s *GroupService) GetStats(ctx context.Context, id int64) (map[string]inter
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get account count: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	stats := map[string]interface{}{
+	stats := map[string]any{
 		"id":              group.ID,
 		"name":            group.Name,
 		"rate_multiplier": group.RateMultiplier,

backend/internal/service/identity_service.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-
 // 预编译正则表达式（避免每次调用重新编译）
 var (
 	// 匹配 user_id 格式: user_{64位hex}_account__session_{uuid}
@@ -150,12 +149,12 @@ func (s *IdentityService) RewriteUserID(body []byte, accountID int64, accountUUI
 	}
 
 	// 解析JSON
-	var reqMap map[string]interface{}
+	var reqMap map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &reqMap); err != nil {
 		return body, nil
 	}
 
-	metadata, ok := reqMap["metadata"].(map[string]interface{})
+	metadata, ok := reqMap["metadata"].(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		return body, nil
 	}

backend/internal/service/pricing_service.go

@@ -515,11 +515,11 @@ func (s *PricingService) matchByModelFamily(model string) *LiteLLMModelPricing {
 }
 
 // GetStatus 获取服务状态
-func (s *PricingService) GetStatus() map[string]interface{} {
+func (s *PricingService) GetStatus() map[string]any {
 	s.mu.RLock()
 	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	return map[string]interface{}{
+	return map[string]any{
 		"model_count":  len(s.pricingData),
 		"last_updated": s.lastUpdated,
 		"local_hash":   s.localHash[:min(8, len(s.localHash))],

backend/internal/service/redeem_service.go

@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ func (s *RedeemService) Redeem(ctx context.Context, userID int64, code string) (
 			go func() {
 				cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 				defer cancel()
-				s.billingCacheService.InvalidateUserBalance(cacheCtx, userID)
+				_ = s.billingCacheService.InvalidateUserBalance(cacheCtx, userID)
 			}()
 		}
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ func (s *RedeemService) Redeem(ctx context.Context, userID int64, code string) (
 			go func() {
 				cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 				defer cancel()
-				s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
+				_ = s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
 			}()
 		}
 
@@ -359,12 +359,12 @@ func (s *RedeemService) Delete(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 }
 
 // GetStats 获取兑换码统计信息
-func (s *RedeemService) GetStats(ctx context.Context) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (s *RedeemService) GetStats(ctx context.Context) (map[string]any, error) {
 	// TODO: 实现统计逻辑
 	// 统计未使用、已使用的兑换码数量
 	// 统计总面值等
 
-	stats := map[string]interface{}{
+	stats := map[string]any{
 		"total_codes":  0,
 		"unused_codes": 0,
 		"used_codes":   0,

backend/internal/service/subscription_service.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"time"
 
 	"sub2api/internal/model"
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) AssignSubscription(ctx context.Context, input *Ass
 		go func() {
 			cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
-			s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
+			_ = s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
 		}()
 	}
 
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) AssignOrExtendSubscription(ctx context.Context, in
 			}
 			newNotes += input.Notes
 			if err := s.userSubRepo.UpdateNotes(ctx, existingSub.ID, newNotes); err != nil {
-				// 备注更新失败不影响主流程
+				log.Printf("update subscription notes failed: sub_id=%d err=%v", existingSub.ID, err)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) AssignOrExtendSubscription(ctx context.Context, in
 			go func() {
 				cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 				defer cancel()
-				s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
+				_ = s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
 			}()
 		}
 
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) AssignOrExtendSubscription(ctx context.Context, in
 		go func() {
 			cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
-			s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
+			_ = s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
 		}()
 	}
 
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) RevokeSubscription(ctx context.Context, subscripti
 		go func() {
 			cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
-			s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
+			_ = s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
 		}()
 	}
 
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) ExtendSubscription(ctx context.Context, subscripti
 		go func() {
 			cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
-			s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
+			_ = s.billingCacheService.InvalidateSubscription(cacheCtx, userID, groupID)
 		}()
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/token_refresher.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ type TokenRefresher interface {
 
 	// Refresh 执行token刷新，返回更新后的credentials
 	// 注意：返回的map应该保留原有credentials中的所有字段，只更新token相关字段
-	Refresh(ctx context.Context, account *model.Account) (map[string]interface{}, error)
+	Refresh(ctx context.Context, account *model.Account) (map[string]any, error)
 }
 
 // ClaudeTokenRefresher 处理Anthropic/Claude OAuth token刷新
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ func (r *ClaudeTokenRefresher) NeedsRefresh(account *model.Account, refreshWindo
 
 // Refresh 执行token刷新
 // 保留原有credentials中的所有字段，只更新token相关字段
-func (r *ClaudeTokenRefresher) Refresh(ctx context.Context, account *model.Account) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (r *ClaudeTokenRefresher) Refresh(ctx context.Context, account *model.Account) (map[string]any, error) {
 	tokenInfo, err := r.oauthService.RefreshAccountToken(ctx, account)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// 保留现有credentials中的所有字段
-	newCredentials := make(map[string]interface{})
+	newCredentials := make(map[string]any)
 	for k, v := range account.Credentials {
 		newCredentials[k] = v
 	}

backend/internal/service/turnstile_service.go

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ var (
 	ErrTurnstileNotConfigured      = errors.New("turnstile not configured")
 )
 
-const turnstileVerifyURL = "https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify"
-
 // TurnstileVerifier 验证 Turnstile token 的接口
 type TurnstileVerifier interface {
 	VerifyToken(ctx context.Context, secretKey, token, remoteIP string) (*TurnstileVerifyResponse, error)

backend/internal/service/update_service.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ func (s *UpdateService) PerformUpdate(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp dir: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tempDir)
+	defer func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(tempDir) }()
 
 	// Download archive
 	archivePath := filepath.Join(tempDir, filepath.Base(downloadURL))
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ func (s *UpdateService) PerformUpdate(ctx context.Context) error {
 	backupPath := exePath + ".backup"
 
 	// Remove old backup if exists
-	os.Remove(backupPath)
+	_ = os.Remove(backupPath)
 
 	// Step 1: Move current binary to backup
 	if err := os.Rename(exePath, backupPath); err != nil {
@@ -349,7 +350,7 @@ func (s *UpdateService) verifyChecksum(ctx context.Context, filePath, checksumUR
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer f.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
 
 	h := sha256.New()
 	if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ func (s *UpdateService) extractBinary(archivePath, destPath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer f.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
 
 	var reader io.Reader = f
 
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ func (s *UpdateService) extractBinary(archivePath, destPath string) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		defer gzr.Close()
+		defer func() { _ = gzr.Close() }()
 		reader = gzr
 	}
 
@@ -435,10 +436,12 @@ func (s *UpdateService) extractBinary(archivePath, destPath string) error {
 				// Use LimitReader to prevent decompression bombs
 				limited := io.LimitReader(tr, maxBinarySize)
 				if _, err := io.Copy(out, limited); err != nil {
-					out.Close()
+					_ = out.Close()
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := out.Close(); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				out.Close()
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
@@ -451,11 +454,13 @@ func (s *UpdateService) extractBinary(archivePath, destPath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer out.Close()
 
 	limited := io.LimitReader(reader, maxBinarySize)
-	_, err = io.Copy(out, limited)
+	if _, err := io.Copy(out, limited); err != nil {
-	return err
+		_ = out.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	return out.Close()
 }
 
 func (s *UpdateService) getFromCache(ctx context.Context) (*UpdateInfo, error) {
@@ -499,7 +504,7 @@ func (s *UpdateService) saveToCache(ctx context.Context, info *UpdateInfo) {
 	}
 
 	data, _ := json.Marshal(cacheData)
-	s.cache.SetUpdateInfo(ctx, string(data), time.Duration(updateCacheTTL)*time.Second)
+	_ = s.cache.SetUpdateInfo(ctx, string(data), time.Duration(updateCacheTTL)*time.Second)
 }
 
 // compareVersions compares two semantic versions
@@ -523,7 +528,9 @@ func parseVersion(v string) [3]int {
 	parts := strings.Split(v, ".")
 	result := [3]int{0, 0, 0}
 	for i := 0; i < len(parts) && i < 3; i++ {
-		fmt.Sscanf(parts[i], "%d", &result[i])
+		if parsed, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[i]); err == nil {
+			result[i] = parsed
+		}
 	}
 	return result
 }

backend/internal/service/usage_service.go

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func (s *UsageService) GetStatsByModel(ctx context.Context, modelName string, st
 }
 
 // GetDailyStats 获取每日使用统计（最近N天）
-func (s *UsageService) GetDailyStats(ctx context.Context, userID int64, days int) ([]map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (s *UsageService) GetDailyStats(ctx context.Context, userID int64, days int) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 	endTime := time.Now()
 	startTime := endTime.AddDate(0, 0, -days)
 
@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ func (s *UsageService) GetDailyStats(ctx context.Context, userID int64, days int
 	}
 
 	// 计算平均值并转换为数组
-	result := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, len(dailyStats))
+	result := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(dailyStats))
 	for date, stats := range dailyStats {
 		if stats.TotalRequests > 0 {
 			stats.AverageDurationMs /= float64(stats.TotalRequests)
 		}
 
-		result = append(result, map[string]interface{}{
+		result = append(result, map[string]any{
 			"date":                date,
 			"total_requests":      stats.TotalRequests,
 			"total_input_tokens":  stats.TotalInputTokens,

backend/internal/service/user_service.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"sub2api/internal/config"
 	"sub2api/internal/model"
 	"sub2api/internal/pkg/pagination"
 	"sub2api/internal/service/ports"
@@ -34,14 +33,12 @@ type ChangePasswordRequest struct {
 // UserService 用户服务
 type UserService struct {
 	userRepo ports.UserRepository
-	cfg      *config.Config
 }
 
 // NewUserService 创建用户服务实例
-func NewUserService(userRepo ports.UserRepository, cfg *config.Config) *UserService {
+func NewUserService(userRepo ports.UserRepository) *UserService {
 	return &UserService{
 		userRepo: userRepo,
-		cfg:      cfg,
 	}
 }
 

backend/internal/setup/handler.go

@@ -352,4 +352,3 @@ func install(c *gin.Context) {
 		"restart": true,
 	})
 }
-

backend/internal/setup/setup.go

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 // Config paths
@@ -101,7 +101,14 @@ func TestDatabaseConnection(cfg *DatabaseConfig) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get db instance: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer sqlDB.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		if sqlDB == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if err := sqlDB.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("failed to close postgres connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -129,7 +136,10 @@ func TestDatabaseConnection(cfg *DatabaseConfig) error {
 	}
 
 	// Now connect to the target database to verify
-	sqlDB.Close()
+	if err := sqlDB.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("failed to close postgres connection: %v", err)
+	}
+	sqlDB = nil
 
 	targetDSN := fmt.Sprintf(
 		"host=%s port=%d user=%s password=%s dbname=%s sslmode=%s",
@@ -145,7 +155,11 @@ func TestDatabaseConnection(cfg *DatabaseConfig) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get target db instance: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer targetSqlDB.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := targetSqlDB.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("failed to close postgres connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	ctx2, cancel2 := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel2()
@@ -164,7 +178,11 @@ func TestRedisConnection(cfg *RedisConfig) error {
 		Password: cfg.Password,
 		DB:       cfg.DB,
 	})
-	defer rdb.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := rdb.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("failed to close redis client: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -185,7 +203,11 @@ func Install(cfg *SetupConfig) error {
 
 	// Generate JWT secret if not provided
 	if cfg.JWT.Secret == "" {
-		cfg.JWT.Secret = generateSecret(32)
+		secret, err := generateSecret(32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate jwt secret: %w", err)
+		}
+		cfg.JWT.Secret = secret
 	}
 
 	// Test connections
@@ -243,7 +265,11 @@ func initializeDatabase(cfg *SetupConfig) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer sqlDB.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := sqlDB.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("failed to close postgres connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	// 使用 model 包的 AutoMigrate，确保模型定义统一
 	return model.AutoMigrate(db)
@@ -265,7 +291,11 @@ func createAdminUser(cfg *SetupConfig) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer sqlDB.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := sqlDB.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("failed to close postgres connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	// Check if admin already exists
 	var count int64
@@ -352,10 +382,12 @@ func writeConfigFile(cfg *SetupConfig) error {
 	return os.WriteFile(ConfigFile, data, 0600)
 }
 
-func generateSecret(length int) string {
+func generateSecret(length int) (string, error) {
 	bytes := make([]byte, length)
-	rand.Read(bytes)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(bytes); err != nil {
-	return hex.EncodeToString(bytes)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(bytes), nil
 }
 
 // =============================================================================
@@ -431,13 +463,21 @@ func AutoSetupFromEnv() error {
 
 	// Generate JWT secret if not provided
 	if cfg.JWT.Secret == "" {
-		cfg.JWT.Secret = generateSecret(32)
+		secret, err := generateSecret(32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate jwt secret: %w", err)
+		}
+		cfg.JWT.Secret = secret
 		log.Println("Generated JWT secret automatically")
 	}
 
 	// Generate admin password if not provided
 	if cfg.Admin.Password == "" {
-		cfg.Admin.Password = generateSecret(16)
+		password, err := generateSecret(16)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate admin password: %w", err)
+		}
+		cfg.Admin.Password = password
 		log.Printf("Generated admin password: %s", cfg.Admin.Password)
 		log.Println("IMPORTANT: Save this password! It will not be shown again.")
 	}

backend/internal/web/embed_off.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//go:build !embed
+
+package web
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func ServeEmbeddedFrontend() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "Frontend not embedded. Build with -tags embed to include frontend.")
+		c.Abort()
+	}
+}
+
+func HasEmbeddedFrontend() bool {
+	return false
+}

backend/internal/web/embed_on.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build embed
+
 package web
 
 import (
@@ -13,8 +15,6 @@ import (
 //go:embed all:dist
 var frontendFS embed.FS
 
-// ServeEmbeddedFrontend returns a Gin handler that serves embedded frontend assets
-// and handles SPA routing by falling back to index.html for non-API routes.
 func ServeEmbeddedFrontend() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	distFS, err := fs.Sub(frontendFS, "dist")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ func ServeEmbeddedFrontend() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		path := c.Request.URL.Path
 
-		// Skip API and gateway routes
 		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/api/") ||
 			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v1/") ||
 			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/setup/") ||
@@ -34,20 +33,18 @@ func ServeEmbeddedFrontend() gin.HandlerFunc {
 			return
 		}
 
-		// Try to serve static file
 		cleanPath := strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/")
 		if cleanPath == "" {
 			cleanPath = "index.html"
 		}
 
 		if file, err := distFS.Open(cleanPath); err == nil {
-			file.Close()
+			_ = file.Close()
 			fileServer.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
 			c.Abort()
 			return
 		}
 
-		// SPA fallback: serve index.html for all other routes
 		serveIndexHTML(c, distFS)
 	}
 }
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ func serveIndexHTML(c *gin.Context, fsys fs.FS) {
 		c.Abort()
 		return
 	}
-	defer file.Close()
+	defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
 
 	content, err := io.ReadAll(file)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -72,7 +69,6 @@ func serveIndexHTML(c *gin.Context, fsys fs.FS) {
 	c.Abort()
 }
 
-// HasEmbeddedFrontend checks if frontend assets are embedded
 func HasEmbeddedFrontend() bool {
 	_, err := frontendFS.ReadFile("dist/index.html")
 	return err == nil