Merge pull request #993 from xvhuan/fix/codex-responses-id-prefix-hotfix-20260314

fix: 止血 Codex/Responses 原生 input id 被误改成 fc_*

.github/workflows/backend-ci.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: backend/go.mod
           check-latest: false
           cache: true
-          cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
       - name: Verify Go version
         run: |
           go version | grep -q 'go1.26.1'
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: backend/go.mod
           check-latest: false
           cache: true
-          cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
       - name: Verify Go version
         run: |
           go version | grep -q 'go1.26.1'

.gitignore

@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ Desktop.ini
 # ===================
 tmp/
 temp/
-logs/
 *.tmp
 *.temp
 *.log
@@ -129,15 +128,8 @@ deploy/docker-compose.override.yml
 vite.config.js
 docs/*
 .serena/
-
-# ===================
-# 压测工具
-# ===================
-tools/loadtest/
-# Antigravity Manager
-Antigravity-Manager/
-antigravity_projectid_fix.patch
 .codex/
 frontend/coverage/
 aicodex
 output/
+

README.md

@@ -39,6 +39,16 @@ Sub2API is an AI API gateway platform designed to distribute and manage API quot
 - **Concurrency Control** - Per-user and per-account concurrency limits
 - **Rate Limiting** - Configurable request and token rate limits
 - **Admin Dashboard** - Web interface for monitoring and management
+- **External System Integration** - Embed external systems (e.g. payment, ticketing) via iframe to extend the admin dashboard
+
+## Ecosystem
+
+Community projects that extend or integrate with Sub2API:
+
+| Project | Description | Features |
+|---------|-------------|----------|
+| [Sub2ApiPay](https://github.com/touwaeriol/sub2apipay) | Self-service payment system | Self-service top-up and subscription purchase; supports YiPay protocol, WeChat Pay, Alipay, Stripe; embeddable via iframe |
+| [sub2api-mobile](https://github.com/ckken/sub2api-mobile) | Mobile admin console | Cross-platform app (iOS/Android/Web) for user management, account management, monitoring dashboard, and multi-backend switching; built with Expo + React Native |
 
 ## Tech Stack
 

README_CN.md

@@ -39,6 +39,16 @@ Sub2API 是一个 AI API 网关平台，用于分发和管理 AI 产品订阅（
 - **并发控制** - 用户级和账号级并发限制
 - **速率限制** - 可配置的请求和 Token 速率限制
 - **管理后台** - Web 界面进行监控和管理
+- **外部系统集成** - 支持通过 iframe 嵌入外部系统（如支付、工单等），扩展管理后台功能
+
+## 生态项目
+
+围绕 Sub2API 的社区扩展与集成项目：
+
+| 项目 | 说明 | 功能 |
+|------|------|------|
+| [Sub2ApiPay](https://github.com/touwaeriol/sub2apipay) | 自助支付系统 | 用户自助充值、自助订阅购买；兼容易支付协议、微信官方支付、支付宝官方支付、Stripe；支持 iframe 嵌入管理后台 |
+| [sub2api-mobile](https://github.com/ckken/sub2api-mobile) | 移动端管理控制台 | 跨平台应用（iOS/Android/Web），支持用户管理、账号管理、监控看板、多后端切换；基于 Expo + React Native 构建 |
 
 ## 技术栈
 

backend/cmd/server/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.1.96.1
+0.1.88

backend/cmd/server/wire.go

@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 		// Server layer ProviderSet
 		server.ProviderSet,
 
+		// Privacy client factory for OpenAI training opt-out
+		providePrivacyClientFactory,
+
 		// BuildInfo provider
 		provideServiceBuildInfo,
 
@@ -53,6 +56,10 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func providePrivacyClientFactory() service.PrivacyClientFactory {
+	return repository.CreatePrivacyReqClient
+}
+
 func provideServiceBuildInfo(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) service.BuildInfo {
 	return service.BuildInfo{
 		Version:   buildInfo.Version,

backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	userHandler := handler.NewUserHandler(userService)
 	apiKeyHandler := handler.NewAPIKeyHandler(apiKeyService)
 	usageLogRepository := repository.NewUsageLogRepository(client, db)
+	usageBillingRepository := repository.NewUsageBillingRepository(client, db)
 	usageService := service.NewUsageService(usageLogRepository, userRepository, client, apiKeyAuthCacheInvalidator)
 	usageHandler := handler.NewUsageHandler(usageService, apiKeyService)
 	redeemHandler := handler.NewRedeemHandler(redeemService)
@@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	proxyRepository := repository.NewProxyRepository(client, db)
 	proxyExitInfoProber := repository.NewProxyExitInfoProber(configConfig)
 	proxyLatencyCache := repository.NewProxyLatencyCache(redisClient)
-	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepository, groupRepository, accountRepository, soraAccountRepository, proxyRepository, apiKeyRepository, redeemCodeRepository, userGroupRateRepository, billingCacheService, proxyExitInfoProber, proxyLatencyCache, apiKeyAuthCacheInvalidator, client, settingService, subscriptionService, userSubscriptionRepository)
+	privacyClientFactory := providePrivacyClientFactory()
+	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepository, groupRepository, accountRepository, soraAccountRepository, proxyRepository, apiKeyRepository, redeemCodeRepository, userGroupRateRepository, billingCacheService, proxyExitInfoProber, proxyLatencyCache, apiKeyAuthCacheInvalidator, client, settingService, subscriptionService, userSubscriptionRepository, privacyClientFactory)
 	concurrencyCache := repository.ProvideConcurrencyCache(redisClient, configConfig)
 	concurrencyService := service.ProvideConcurrencyService(concurrencyCache, accountRepository, configConfig)
 	adminUserHandler := admin.NewUserHandler(adminService, concurrencyService)
@@ -162,9 +164,9 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	deferredService := service.ProvideDeferredService(accountRepository, timingWheelService)
 	claudeTokenProvider := service.NewClaudeTokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, oAuthService)
 	digestSessionStore := service.NewDigestSessionStore()
-	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, groupRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, httpUpstream, deferredService, claudeTokenProvider, sessionLimitCache, rpmCache, digestSessionStore, settingService)
+	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, groupRepository, usageLogRepository, usageBillingRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, httpUpstream, deferredService, claudeTokenProvider, sessionLimitCache, rpmCache, digestSessionStore, settingService)
 	openAITokenProvider := service.NewOpenAITokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, openAIOAuthService)
-	openAIGatewayService := service.NewOpenAIGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, httpUpstream, deferredService, openAITokenProvider)
+	openAIGatewayService := service.NewOpenAIGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, usageBillingRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, httpUpstream, deferredService, openAITokenProvider)
 	geminiMessagesCompatService := service.NewGeminiMessagesCompatService(accountRepository, groupRepository, gatewayCache, schedulerSnapshotService, geminiTokenProvider, rateLimitService, httpUpstream, antigravityGatewayService, configConfig)
 	opsSystemLogSink := service.ProvideOpsSystemLogSink(opsRepository)
 	opsService := service.NewOpsService(opsRepository, settingRepository, configConfig, accountRepository, userRepository, concurrencyService, gatewayService, openAIGatewayService, geminiMessagesCompatService, antigravityGatewayService, opsSystemLogSink)
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	opsCleanupService := service.ProvideOpsCleanupService(opsRepository, db, redisClient, configConfig)
 	opsScheduledReportService := service.ProvideOpsScheduledReportService(opsService, userService, emailService, redisClient, configConfig)
 	soraMediaCleanupService := service.ProvideSoraMediaCleanupService(soraMediaStorage, configConfig)
-	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, soraAccountRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, compositeTokenCacheInvalidator, schedulerCache, configConfig, tempUnschedCache)
+	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, soraAccountRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, compositeTokenCacheInvalidator, schedulerCache, configConfig, tempUnschedCache, privacyClientFactory, proxyRepository)
 	accountExpiryService := service.ProvideAccountExpiryService(accountRepository)
 	subscriptionExpiryService := service.ProvideSubscriptionExpiryService(userSubscriptionRepository)
 	scheduledTestRunnerService := service.ProvideScheduledTestRunnerService(scheduledTestPlanRepository, scheduledTestService, accountTestService, rateLimitService, configConfig)
@@ -245,6 +247,10 @@ type Application struct {
 	Cleanup func()
 }
 
+func providePrivacyClientFactory() service.PrivacyClientFactory {
+	return repository.CreatePrivacyReqClient
+}
+
 func provideServiceBuildInfo(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) service.BuildInfo {
 	return service.BuildInfo{
 		Version:   buildInfo.Version,

backend/ent/group.go

@@ -62,28 +62,26 @@ type Group struct {
 	SoraVideoPricePerRequestHd *float64 `json:"sora_video_price_per_request_hd,omitempty"`
 	// SoraStorageQuotaBytes holds the value of the "sora_storage_quota_bytes" field.
 	SoraStorageQuotaBytes int64 `json:"sora_storage_quota_bytes,omitempty"`
-	// allow Claude Code client only
+	// 是否仅允许 Claude Code 客户端
 	ClaudeCodeOnly bool `json:"claude_code_only,omitempty"`
-	// fallback group for non-Claude-Code requests
+	// 非 Claude Code 请求降级使用的分组 ID
 	FallbackGroupID *int64 `json:"fallback_group_id,omitempty"`
-	// fallback group for invalid request
+	// 无效请求兜底使用的分组 ID
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64 `json:"fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request,omitempty"`
-	// model routing config: pattern -> account ids
+	// 模型路由配置：模型模式 -> 优先账号ID列表
 	ModelRouting map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing,omitempty"`
-	// whether model routing is enabled
+	// 是否启用模型路由配置
 	ModelRoutingEnabled bool `json:"model_routing_enabled,omitempty"`
-	// whether MCP XML prompt injection is enabled
+	// 是否注入 MCP XML 调用协议提示词（仅 antigravity 平台）
 	McpXMLInject bool `json:"mcp_xml_inject,omitempty"`
-	// supported model scopes: claude, gemini_text, gemini_image
+	// 支持的模型系列：claude, gemini_text, gemini_image
 	SupportedModelScopes []string `json:"supported_model_scopes,omitempty"`
-	// group display order, lower comes first
+	// 分组显示排序，数值越小越靠前
 	SortOrder int `json:"sort_order,omitempty"`
 	// 是否允许 /v1/messages 调度到此 OpenAI 分组
 	AllowMessagesDispatch bool `json:"allow_messages_dispatch,omitempty"`
 	// 默认映射模型 ID，当账号级映射找不到时使用此值
 	DefaultMappedModel string `json:"default_mapped_model,omitempty"`
-	// simulate claude usage as claude-max style (1h cache write)
-	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled,omitempty"`
 	// Edges holds the relations/edges for other nodes in the graph.
 	// The values are being populated by the GroupQuery when eager-loading is set.
 	Edges        GroupEdges `json:"edges"`
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ func (*Group) scanValues(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
 		switch columns[i] {
 		case group.FieldModelRouting, group.FieldSupportedModelScopes:
 			values[i] = new([]byte)
-		case group.FieldIsExclusive, group.FieldClaudeCodeOnly, group.FieldModelRoutingEnabled, group.FieldMcpXMLInject, group.FieldAllowMessagesDispatch, group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
+		case group.FieldIsExclusive, group.FieldClaudeCodeOnly, group.FieldModelRoutingEnabled, group.FieldMcpXMLInject, group.FieldAllowMessagesDispatch:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullBool)
 		case group.FieldRateMultiplier, group.FieldDailyLimitUsd, group.FieldWeeklyLimitUsd, group.FieldMonthlyLimitUsd, group.FieldImagePrice1k, group.FieldImagePrice2k, group.FieldImagePrice4k, group.FieldSoraImagePrice360, group.FieldSoraImagePrice540, group.FieldSoraVideoPricePerRequest, group.FieldSoraVideoPricePerRequestHd:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullFloat64)
@@ -433,12 +431,6 @@ func (_m *Group) assignValues(columns []string, values []any) error {
 			} else if value.Valid {
 				_m.DefaultMappedModel = value.String
 			}
-		case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
-			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullBool); !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field simulate_claude_max_enabled", values[i])
-			} else if value.Valid {
-				_m.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = value.Bool
-			}
 		default:
 			_m.selectValues.Set(columns[i], values[i])
 		}
@@ -638,9 +630,6 @@ func (_m *Group) String() string {
 	builder.WriteString(", ")
 	builder.WriteString("default_mapped_model=")
 	builder.WriteString(_m.DefaultMappedModel)
-	builder.WriteString(", ")
-	builder.WriteString("simulate_claude_max_enabled=")
-	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled))
 	builder.WriteByte(')')
 	return builder.String()
 }

backend/ent/group/group.go

@@ -79,8 +79,6 @@ const (
 	FieldAllowMessagesDispatch = "allow_messages_dispatch"
 	// FieldDefaultMappedModel holds the string denoting the default_mapped_model field in the database.
 	FieldDefaultMappedModel = "default_mapped_model"
-	// FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled holds the string denoting the simulate_claude_max_enabled field in the database.
-	FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = "simulate_claude_max_enabled"
 	// EdgeAPIKeys holds the string denoting the api_keys edge name in mutations.
 	EdgeAPIKeys = "api_keys"
 	// EdgeRedeemCodes holds the string denoting the redeem_codes edge name in mutations.
@@ -188,7 +186,6 @@ var Columns = []string{
 	FieldSortOrder,
 	FieldAllowMessagesDispatch,
 	FieldDefaultMappedModel,
-	FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -262,8 +259,6 @@ var (
 	DefaultDefaultMappedModel string
 	// DefaultMappedModelValidator is a validator for the "default_mapped_model" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	DefaultMappedModelValidator func(string) error
-	// DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled holds the default value on creation for the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-	DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool
 )
 
 // OrderOption defines the ordering options for the Group queries.
@@ -424,11 +419,6 @@ func ByDefaultMappedModel(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldDefaultMappedModel, opts...).ToFunc()
 }
 
-// BySimulateClaudeMaxEnabled orders the results by the simulate_claude_max_enabled field.
-func BySimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
-	return sql.OrderByField(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, opts...).ToFunc()
-}
-
 // ByAPIKeysCount orders the results by api_keys count.
 func ByAPIKeysCount(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return func(s *sql.Selector) {

backend/ent/group/where.go

@@ -205,11 +205,6 @@ func DefaultMappedModel(v string) predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldDefaultMappedModel, v))
 }
 
-// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled applies equality check predicate on the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field. It's identical to SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledEQ.
-func SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) predicate.Group {
-	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v))
-}
-
 // CreatedAtEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "created_at" field.
 func CreatedAtEQ(v time.Time) predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldCreatedAt, v))
@@ -1560,16 +1555,6 @@ func DefaultMappedModelContainsFold(v string) predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldContainsFold(FieldDefaultMappedModel, v))
 }
 
-// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledEQ(v bool) predicate.Group {
-	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldEQ(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v))
-}
-
-// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func SimulateClaudeMaxEnabledNEQ(v bool) predicate.Group {
-	return predicate.Group(sql.FieldNEQ(FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v))
-}
-
 // HasAPIKeys applies the HasEdge predicate on the "api_keys" edge.
 func HasAPIKeys() predicate.Group {
 	return predicate.Group(func(s *sql.Selector) {

backend/ent/group_create.go

@@ -452,20 +452,6 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) SetNillableDefaultMappedModel(v *string) *GroupCreate {
 	return _c
 }
 
-// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (_c *GroupCreate) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupCreate {
-	_c.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
-	return _c
-}
-
-// SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field if the given value is not nil.
-func (_c *GroupCreate) SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v *bool) *GroupCreate {
-	if v != nil {
-		_c.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(*v)
-	}
-	return _c
-}
-
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by IDs.
 func (_c *GroupCreate) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) *GroupCreate {
 	_c.mutation.AddAPIKeyIDs(ids...)
@@ -663,10 +649,6 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) defaults() error {
 		v := group.DefaultDefaultMappedModel
 		_c.mutation.SetDefaultMappedModel(v)
 	}
-	if _, ok := _c.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); !ok {
-		v := group.DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled
-		_c.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -748,9 +730,6 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) check() error {
 			return &ValidationError{Name: "default_mapped_model", err: fmt.Errorf(`ent: validator failed for field "Group.default_mapped_model": %w`, err)}
 		}
 	}
-	if _, ok := _c.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); !ok {
-		return &ValidationError{Name: "simulate_claude_max_enabled", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Group.simulate_claude_max_enabled"`)}
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -906,10 +885,6 @@ func (_c *GroupCreate) createSpec() (*Group, *sqlgraph.CreateSpec) {
 		_spec.SetField(group.FieldDefaultMappedModel, field.TypeString, value)
 		_node.DefaultMappedModel = value
 	}
-	if value, ok := _c.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); ok {
-		_spec.SetField(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, field.TypeBool, value)
-		_node.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = value
-	}
 	if nodes := _c.mutation.APIKeysIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
 		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
 			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
@@ -1624,18 +1599,6 @@ func (u *GroupUpsert) UpdateDefaultMappedModel() *GroupUpsert {
 	return u
 }
 
-// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (u *GroupUpsert) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpsert {
-	u.Set(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, v)
-	return u
-}
-
-// UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field to the value that was provided on create.
-func (u *GroupUpsert) UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() *GroupUpsert {
-	u.SetExcluded(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
-	return u
-}
-
 // UpdateNewValues updates the mutable fields using the new values that were set on create.
 // Using this option is equivalent to using:
 //
@@ -2332,20 +2295,6 @@ func (u *GroupUpsertOne) UpdateDefaultMappedModel() *GroupUpsertOne {
 	})
 }
 
-// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (u *GroupUpsertOne) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpsertOne {
-	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
-		s.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
-	})
-}
-
-// UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field to the value that was provided on create.
-func (u *GroupUpsertOne) UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() *GroupUpsertOne {
-	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
-		s.UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
-	})
-}
-
 // Exec executes the query.
 func (u *GroupUpsertOne) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if len(u.create.conflict) == 0 {
@@ -3208,20 +3157,6 @@ func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) UpdateDefaultMappedModel() *GroupUpsertBulk {
 	})
 }
 
-// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpsertBulk {
-	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
-		s.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
-	})
-}
-
-// UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field to the value that was provided on create.
-func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() *GroupUpsertBulk {
-	return u.Update(func(s *GroupUpsert) {
-		s.UpdateSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
-	})
-}
-
 // Exec executes the query.
 func (u *GroupUpsertBulk) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if u.create.err != nil {

backend/ent/group_update.go

@@ -653,20 +653,6 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdate) SetNillableDefaultMappedModel(v *string) *GroupUpdate {
 	return _u
 }
 
-// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (_u *GroupUpdate) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpdate {
-	_u.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
-	return _u
-}
-
-// SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field if the given value is not nil.
-func (_u *GroupUpdate) SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v *bool) *GroupUpdate {
-	if v != nil {
-		_u.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(*v)
-	}
-	return _u
-}
-
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by IDs.
 func (_u *GroupUpdate) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) *GroupUpdate {
 	_u.mutation.AddAPIKeyIDs(ids...)
@@ -1163,9 +1149,6 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node int, err error) {
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.DefaultMappedModel(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(group.FieldDefaultMappedModel, field.TypeString, value)
 	}
-	if value, ok := _u.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); ok {
-		_spec.SetField(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, field.TypeBool, value)
-	}
 	if _u.mutation.APIKeysCleared() {
 		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
 			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
@@ -2098,20 +2081,6 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) SetNillableDefaultMappedModel(v *string) *GroupUpdateO
 	return _u
 }
 
-// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v bool) *GroupUpdateOne {
-	_u.mutation.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
-	return _u
-}
-
-// SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field if the given value is not nil.
-func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) SetNillableSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v *bool) *GroupUpdateOne {
-	if v != nil {
-		_u.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(*v)
-	}
-	return _u
-}
-
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by IDs.
 func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) *GroupUpdateOne {
 	_u.mutation.AddAPIKeyIDs(ids...)
@@ -2638,9 +2607,6 @@ func (_u *GroupUpdateOne) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node *Group, err error)
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.DefaultMappedModel(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(group.FieldDefaultMappedModel, field.TypeString, value)
 	}
-	if value, ok := _u.mutation.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(); ok {
-		_spec.SetField(group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, field.TypeBool, value)
-	}
 	if _u.mutation.APIKeysCleared() {
 		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
 			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,

backend/ent/migrate/schema.go

@@ -410,7 +410,6 @@ var (
 		{Name: "sort_order", Type: field.TypeInt, Default: 0},
 		{Name: "allow_messages_dispatch", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: false},
 		{Name: "default_mapped_model", Type: field.TypeString, Size: 100, Default: ""},
-		{Name: "simulate_claude_max_enabled", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: false},
 	}
 	// GroupsTable holds the schema information for the "groups" table.
 	GroupsTable = &schema.Table{

backend/ent/mutation.go

@@ -8252,7 +8252,6 @@ type GroupMutation struct {
 	addsort_order                           *int
 	allow_messages_dispatch                 *bool
 	default_mapped_model                    *string
-	simulate_claude_max_enabled             *bool
 	clearedFields                           map[string]struct{}
 	api_keys                                map[int64]struct{}
 	removedapi_keys                         map[int64]struct{}
@@ -10069,42 +10068,6 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) ResetDefaultMappedModel() {
 	m.default_mapped_model = nil
 }
 
-// SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled sets the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (m *GroupMutation) SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(b bool) {
-	m.simulate_claude_max_enabled = &b
-}
-
-// SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled returns the value of the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field in the mutation.
-func (m *GroupMutation) SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() (r bool, exists bool) {
-	v := m.simulate_claude_max_enabled
-	if v == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	return *v, true
-}
-
-// OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled returns the old "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field's value of the Group entity.
-// If the Group object wasn't provided to the builder, the object is fetched from the database.
-// An error is returned if the mutation operation is not UpdateOne, or the database query fails.
-func (m *GroupMutation) OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(ctx context.Context) (v bool, err error) {
-	if !m.op.Is(OpUpdateOne) {
-		return v, errors.New("OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled is only allowed on UpdateOne operations")
-	}
-	if m.id == nil || m.oldValue == nil {
-		return v, errors.New("OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled requires an ID field in the mutation")
-	}
-	oldValue, err := m.oldValue(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return v, fmt.Errorf("querying old value for OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: %w", err)
-	}
-	return oldValue.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled, nil
-}
-
-// ResetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled resets all changes to the "simulate_claude_max_enabled" field.
-func (m *GroupMutation) ResetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled() {
-	m.simulate_claude_max_enabled = nil
-}
-
 // AddAPIKeyIDs adds the "api_keys" edge to the APIKey entity by ids.
 func (m *GroupMutation) AddAPIKeyIDs(ids ...int64) {
 	if m.api_keys == nil {
@@ -10463,7 +10426,7 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) Type() string {
 // order to get all numeric fields that were incremented/decremented, call
 // AddedFields().
 func (m *GroupMutation) Fields() []string {
-	fields := make([]string, 0, 33)
+	fields := make([]string, 0, 32)
 	if m.created_at != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, group.FieldCreatedAt)
 	}
@@ -10560,9 +10523,6 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) Fields() []string {
 	if m.default_mapped_model != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, group.FieldDefaultMappedModel)
 	}
-	if m.simulate_claude_max_enabled != nil {
-		fields = append(fields, group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
-	}
 	return fields
 }
 
@@ -10635,8 +10595,6 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) Field(name string) (ent.Value, bool) {
 		return m.AllowMessagesDispatch()
 	case group.FieldDefaultMappedModel:
 		return m.DefaultMappedModel()
-	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
-		return m.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
 	}
 	return nil, false
 }
@@ -10710,8 +10668,6 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) OldField(ctx context.Context, name string) (ent.Value, e
 		return m.OldAllowMessagesDispatch(ctx)
 	case group.FieldDefaultMappedModel:
 		return m.OldDefaultMappedModel(ctx)
-	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
-		return m.OldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(ctx)
 	}
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown Group field %s", name)
 }
@@ -10945,13 +10901,6 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) SetField(name string, value ent.Value) error {
 		}
 		m.SetDefaultMappedModel(v)
 		return nil
-	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
-		v, ok := value.(bool)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
-		}
-		m.SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(v)
-		return nil
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf("unknown Group field %s", name)
 }
@@ -11385,9 +11334,6 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) ResetField(name string) error {
 	case group.FieldDefaultMappedModel:
 		m.ResetDefaultMappedModel()
 		return nil
-	case group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:
-		m.ResetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled()
-		return nil
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf("unknown Group field %s", name)
 }

backend/ent/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -463,10 +463,6 @@ func init() {
 	group.DefaultDefaultMappedModel = groupDescDefaultMappedModel.Default.(string)
 	// group.DefaultMappedModelValidator is a validator for the "default_mapped_model" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	group.DefaultMappedModelValidator = groupDescDefaultMappedModel.Validators[0].(func(string) error)
-	// groupDescSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled is the schema descriptor for simulate_claude_max_enabled field.
-	groupDescSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled := groupFields[29].Descriptor()
-	// group.DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled holds the default value on creation for the simulate_claude_max_enabled field.
-	group.DefaultSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = groupDescSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled.Default.(bool)
 	idempotencyrecordMixin := schema.IdempotencyRecord{}.Mixin()
 	idempotencyrecordMixinFields0 := idempotencyrecordMixin[0].Fields()
 	_ = idempotencyrecordMixinFields0

backend/ent/schema/group.go

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ func (Group) Mixin() []ent.Mixin {
 
 func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 	return []ent.Field{
+		// 唯一约束通过部分索引实现（WHERE deleted_at IS NULL），支持软删除后重用
+		// 见迁移文件 016_soft_delete_partial_unique_indexes.sql
 		field.String("name").
 			MaxLen(100).
 			NotEmpty(),
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 			MaxLen(20).
 			Default(domain.StatusActive),
 
+		// Subscription-related fields (added by migration 003)
 		field.String("platform").
 			MaxLen(50).
 			Default(domain.PlatformAnthropic),
@@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 		field.Int("default_validity_days").
 			Default(30),
 
+		// 图片生成计费配置（antigravity 和 gemini 平台使用）
 		field.Float("image_price_1k").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 			Nillable().
 			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "decimal(20,8)"}),
 
+		// Sora 按次计费配置（阶段 1）
 		field.Float("sora_image_price_360").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
@@ -104,38 +109,45 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 		field.Int64("sora_storage_quota_bytes").
 			Default(0),
 
+		// Claude Code 客户端限制 (added by migration 029)
 		field.Bool("claude_code_only").
 			Default(false).
-			Comment("allow Claude Code client only"),
+			Comment("是否仅允许 Claude Code 客户端"),
 		field.Int64("fallback_group_id").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
-			Comment("fallback group for non-Claude-Code requests"),
+			Comment("非 Claude Code 请求降级使用的分组 ID"),
 		field.Int64("fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request").
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
-			Comment("fallback group for invalid request"),
+			Comment("无效请求兜底使用的分组 ID"),
 
+		// 模型路由配置 (added by migration 040)
 		field.JSON("model_routing", map[string][]int64{}).
 			Optional().
 			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "jsonb"}).
-			Comment("model routing config: pattern -> account ids"),
+			Comment("模型路由配置：模型模式 -> 优先账号ID列表"),
+
+		// 模型路由开关 (added by migration 041)
 		field.Bool("model_routing_enabled").
 			Default(false).
-			Comment("whether model routing is enabled"),
+			Comment("是否启用模型路由配置"),
 
+		// MCP XML 协议注入开关 (added by migration 042)
 		field.Bool("mcp_xml_inject").
 			Default(true).
-			Comment("whether MCP XML prompt injection is enabled"),
+			Comment("是否注入 MCP XML 调用协议提示词（仅 antigravity 平台）"),
 
+		// 支持的模型系列 (added by migration 046)
 		field.JSON("supported_model_scopes", []string{}).
 			Default([]string{"claude", "gemini_text", "gemini_image"}).
 			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "jsonb"}).
-			Comment("supported model scopes: claude, gemini_text, gemini_image"),
+			Comment("支持的模型系列：claude, gemini_text, gemini_image"),
 
+		// 分组排序 (added by migration 052)
 		field.Int("sort_order").
 			Default(0).
-			Comment("group display order, lower comes first"),
+			Comment("分组显示排序，数值越小越靠前"),
 
 		// OpenAI Messages 调度配置 (added by migration 069)
 		field.Bool("allow_messages_dispatch").
@@ -145,9 +157,6 @@ func (Group) Fields() []ent.Field {
 			MaxLen(100).
 			Default("").
 			Comment("默认映射模型 ID，当账号级映射找不到时使用此值"),
-		field.Bool("simulate_claude_max_enabled").
-			Default(false).
-			Comment("simulate claude usage as claude-max style (1h cache write)"),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -163,11 +172,14 @@ func (Group) Edges() []ent.Edge {
 		edge.From("allowed_users", User.Type).
 			Ref("allowed_groups").
 			Through("user_allowed_groups", UserAllowedGroup.Type),
+		// 注意：fallback_group_id 直接作为字段使用，不定义 edge
+		// 这样允许多个分组指向同一个降级分组（M2O 关系）
 	}
 }
 
 func (Group) Indexes() []ent.Index {
 	return []ent.Index{
+		// name 字段已在 Fields() 中声明 Unique()，无需重复索引
 		index.Fields("status"),
 		index.Fields("platform"),
 		index.Fields("subscription_type"),

backend/go.mod

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/DATA-DOG/go-sqlmock v1.5.2
 	github.com/DouDOU-start/go-sora2api v1.1.0
 	github.com/alitto/pond/v2 v2.6.2
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.2
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.3
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.10
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.10
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.96.2
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.11 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.15 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.7 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2 // indirect
 	github.com/bdandy/go-errors v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/bdandy/go-socks4 v1.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar v1.3.4 // indirect
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
@@ -138,8 +137,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8 // indirect
-	github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20210106213030-5aafc221ea8c // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect

backend/go.sum

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v15 v15.0.0 h1:uYvfpb3DyLSCGWnctWKGj857c6ew
 github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v15 v15.0.0/go.mod h1:K8XmNZdhEBkdlyDdvbmmsvpAG721bKi0joRfFdHIWJ4=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.2 h1:LuT2rzqNQsauaGkPK/7813XxcZ3o3yePY0Iy891T2ls=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.2/go.mod h1:IvvlAZQXvTXznUPfRVfryiG1fbzE2NGK6m9u39YQ+S4=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.3 h1:4kQ/fa22KjDt13QCy1+bYADvdgcxpfH18f0zP542kZA=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.3/go.mod h1:mwsPRE8ceUUpiTgF7QmQIJ7lgsKUPQOUl3o72QBrE1o=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.5 h1:zWFmPmgw4sveAYi1mRqG+E/g0461cJ5M4bJ8/nc6d3Q=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.5/go.mod h1:nVUlMLVV8ycXSb7mSkcNu9e3v/1TJq2RTlrPwhYWr5c=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.10 h1:9DMthfO6XWZYLfzZglAgW5Fyou2nRI5CuV44sTedKBI=
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@ github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.7 h1:NITQpgo9A5NrDZ57uOWj+abvXSb8
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.7/go.mod h1:sks5UWBhEuWYDPdwlnRFn1w7xWdH29Jcpe+/PJQefEs=
 github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.1 h1:VbyeNfmYkWoxMVpGUAbQumkODcYmfMRfZ8yQiH30SK0=
 github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.1/go.mod h1:LEj2LM3rBRQJxPZTB4KuzZkaZYnZPnvgIhb4pu07mx0=
+github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2 h1:FzA3bu/nt/vDvmnkg+R8Xl46gmzEDam6mZ1hzmwXFng=
+github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2/go.mod h1:YE2RhdIuDbA5E5bTdciG9KrW3+TiEONeUWCqxX9i1Fc=
 github.com/bdandy/go-errors v1.2.2 h1:WdFv/oukjTJCLa79UfkGmwX7ZxONAihKu4V0mLIs11Q=
 github.com/bdandy/go-errors v1.2.2/go.mod h1:NkYHl4Fey9oRRdbB1CoC6e84tuqQHiqrOcZpqFEkBxM=
 github.com/bdandy/go-socks4 v1.2.3 h1:Q6Y2heY1GRjCtHbmlKfnwrKVU/k81LS8mRGLRlmDlic=
@@ -124,8 +128,6 @@ github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f h1:lO4WD4F/r
 github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f/go.mod h1:cuUVRXasLTGF7a8hSLbxyZXjz+1KgoB3wDUb6vlszIc=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5QvfrDyIgxBk=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
-github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0 h1:+/GIL799phkJqYW+3YbOd8LCcbHzT0Pbo8zl70MHsq0=
-github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0/go.mod h1:DHkYz0B9wPfa6wondMfaivmHpzrQ3v9q8cnmRbL6yW8=
 github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible h1:Bm8DchhSD2J6PsFzxC35TZo4TLGR2PdW/E69rU45NhM=
 github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 h1:LlMG9azAe1TqfR7sO+NJttz1gy6KO7VJBh+pMmjSD94=
@@ -182,7 +184,6 @@ github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0/go.mod h1:Kcdr2DB4koayq7X8pmAG4sNG59So17
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e h1:ijClszYn+mADRFY17kjQEVQ1XRhq2/JR1M3sGqeJoxs=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e/go.mod h1:boTsfXsheKC2y+lKOCMpSfarhxDeIzfZG1jqGcPl3cA=
-github.com/google/subcommands v1.2.0/go.mod h1:ZjhPrFU+Olkh9WazFPsl27BQ4UPiG37m3yTrtFlrHVk=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/google/wire v0.7.0 h1:JxUKI6+CVBgCO2WToKy/nQk0sS+amI9z9EjVmdaocj4=
@@ -202,8 +203,6 @@ github.com/icholy/digest v1.1.0 h1:HfGg9Irj7i+IX1o1QAmPfIBNu/Q5A5Tu3n/MED9k9H4=
 github.com/icholy/digest v1.1.0/go.mod h1:QNrsSGQ5v7v9cReDI0+eyjsXGUoRSUZQHeQ5C4XLa0Y=
 github.com/imroc/req/v3 v3.57.0 h1:LMTUjNRUybUkTPn8oJDq8Kg3JRBOBTcnDhKu7mzupKI=
 github.com/imroc/req/v3 v3.57.0/go.mod h1:JL62ey1nvSLq81HORNcosvlf7SxZStONNqOprg0Pz00=
-github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
-github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 h1:/6Hmqy13Ss2zCq62VdNG8tM1wchn8zjSGOBJ6icpsIM=
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CEx0iS5ambNFdcRtxPj5JhEz+xB6uRky5eyVu/W2HEg=
 github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 h1:iCEnooe7UlwOQYpKFhBabPMi4aNAfoODPEFNiAnClxo=
@@ -286,10 +285,6 @@ github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 h1:aYUidT7k73Pcl9nb2gScu7NSrKCSHIDE89b3+6
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:1t835xjRzz80PqgE6HHgN2JOsmgYu/h4qDAS4n929Rs=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
-github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8 h1:85ENo+3FpWgAACBaEUVp+lctuTcYUO7BtmfhlN/QTRo=
-github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8/go.mod h1:9NiV+i9mJKGj1rYOT+njbv+ZwA/zJxYdewGl6qVatpg=
-github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2 h1:LUKws63GV3pVHwH1srkBplBv+7URgmOmhSkRxsIvsK4=
-github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2/go.mod h1:4mIkYyZooFlnenDlormIo6cd5wrlUKNr97wp9nGgEKo=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRIccs7FGNTlIRMkT8wgtp5eCXdBlqhYGL6U=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
@@ -342,8 +337,6 @@ github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSS
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 h1:xuMeJ0Sdp5ZMRXx/aWO6RZxdr3beISkG5/G/aIRr3pY=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2/go.mod h1:FRsXN1f5AsAjCGJKqEizvkpNtU+EGNCLh3NxZ/8L+MA=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
@@ -352,6 +345,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1/go.mod h1:w2LPCIKwWwSfY2zedu0+kehJoqGctiVI29o
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.2/go.mod h1:w2LPCIKwWwSfY2zedu0+kehJoqGctiVI29o6fzry7u4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 h1:9NlTDc1FTs4qu0DDq7AEtTPNw6SVm7uBMsUCUjABIf8=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0/go.mod h1:Dk4QP5c2W3ibzajGcXpNraDfq2IrhjMIvMSWPKKo0FU=
 github.com/tam7t/hpkp v0.0.0-20160821193359-2b70b4024ed5 h1:YqAladjX7xpA6BM04leXMWAEjS0mTZ5kUU9KRBriQJc=
@@ -441,11 +436,11 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210616094352-59db8d763f22/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220704084225-05e143d24a9e/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.11.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0 h1:Ivj+2Cp/ylzLiEU89QhWblYnOE9zerudt9Ftecq2C6k=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.40.0 h1:36e4zGLqU4yhjlmxEaagx2KuYbJq3EwY8K943ZsHcvg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.40.0/go.mod h1:w2P8uVp06p2iyKKuvXIm7N/y0UCRt3UfJTfZ7oOpglM=

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -934,9 +934,10 @@ type DashboardAggregationConfig struct {
 
 // DashboardAggregationRetentionConfig 预聚合保留窗口
 type DashboardAggregationRetentionConfig struct {
-	UsageLogsDays int `mapstructure:"usage_logs_days"`
-	HourlyDays    int `mapstructure:"hourly_days"`
-	DailyDays     int `mapstructure:"daily_days"`
+	UsageLogsDays         int `mapstructure:"usage_logs_days"`
+	UsageBillingDedupDays int `mapstructure:"usage_billing_dedup_days"`
+	HourlyDays            int `mapstructure:"hourly_days"`
+	DailyDays             int `mapstructure:"daily_days"`
 }
 
 // UsageCleanupConfig 使用记录清理任务配置
@@ -1301,6 +1302,7 @@ func setDefaults() {
 	viper.SetDefault("dashboard_aggregation.backfill_enabled", false)
 	viper.SetDefault("dashboard_aggregation.backfill_max_days", 31)
 	viper.SetDefault("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_logs_days", 90)
+	viper.SetDefault("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_billing_dedup_days", 365)
 	viper.SetDefault("dashboard_aggregation.retention.hourly_days", 180)
 	viper.SetDefault("dashboard_aggregation.retention.daily_days", 730)
 	viper.SetDefault("dashboard_aggregation.recompute_days", 2)
@@ -1758,6 +1760,12 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays <= 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_logs_days must be positive")
 		}
+		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_billing_dedup_days must be positive")
+		}
+		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays < c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_billing_dedup_days must be greater than or equal to usage_logs_days")
+		}
 		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.HourlyDays <= 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.hourly_days must be positive")
 		}
@@ -1780,6 +1788,14 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays < 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_logs_days must be non-negative")
 		}
+		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_billing_dedup_days must be non-negative")
+		}
+		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays > 0 &&
+			c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays > 0 &&
+			c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays < c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_billing_dedup_days must be greater than or equal to usage_logs_days")
+		}
 		if c.DashboardAgg.Retention.HourlyDays < 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("dashboard_aggregation.retention.hourly_days must be non-negative")
 		}

backend/internal/config/config_test.go

@@ -441,6 +441,9 @@ func TestLoadDefaultDashboardAggregationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if cfg.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays != 90 {
 		t.Fatalf("DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays = %d, want 90", cfg.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays)
 	}
+	if cfg.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays != 365 {
+		t.Fatalf("DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays = %d, want 365", cfg.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays)
+	}
 	if cfg.DashboardAgg.Retention.HourlyDays != 180 {
 		t.Fatalf("DashboardAgg.Retention.HourlyDays = %d, want 180", cfg.DashboardAgg.Retention.HourlyDays)
 	}
@@ -1016,6 +1019,23 @@ func TestValidateConfigErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			mutate:  func(c *Config) { c.DashboardAgg.Enabled = true; c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays = 0 },
 			wantErr: "dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_logs_days",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "dashboard aggregation dedup retention",
+			mutate: func(c *Config) {
+				c.DashboardAgg.Enabled = true
+				c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays = 0
+			},
+			wantErr: "dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_billing_dedup_days",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "dashboard aggregation dedup retention smaller than usage logs",
+			mutate: func(c *Config) {
+				c.DashboardAgg.Enabled = true
+				c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageLogsDays = 30
+				c.DashboardAgg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays = 29
+			},
+			wantErr: "dashboard_aggregation.retention.usage_billing_dedup_days",
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "dashboard aggregation disabled interval",
 			mutate:  func(c *Config) { c.DashboardAgg.Enabled = false; c.DashboardAgg.IntervalSeconds = -1 },

backend/internal/domain/constants.go

@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@ const (
 
 // Account type constants
 const (
-	AccountTypeOAuth      = "oauth"       // OAuth类型账号（full scope: profile + inference）
-	AccountTypeSetupToken = "setup-token" // Setup Token类型账号（inference only scope）
-	AccountTypeAPIKey     = "apikey"      // API Key类型账号
-	AccountTypeUpstream   = "upstream"    // 上游透传类型账号（通过 Base URL + API Key 连接上游）
+	AccountTypeOAuth         = "oauth"          // OAuth类型账号（full scope: profile + inference）
+	AccountTypeSetupToken    = "setup-token"    // Setup Token类型账号（inference only scope）
+	AccountTypeAPIKey        = "apikey"         // API Key类型账号
+	AccountTypeUpstream      = "upstream"       // 上游透传类型账号（通过 Base URL + API Key 连接上游）
+	AccountTypeBedrock       = "bedrock"        // AWS Bedrock 类型账号（通过 SigV4 签名连接 Bedrock）
+	AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey = "bedrock-apikey" // AWS Bedrock API Key 类型账号（通过 Bearer Token 连接 Bedrock）
 )
 
 // Redeem type constants
@@ -113,3 +115,27 @@ var DefaultAntigravityModelMapping = map[string]string{
 	"gpt-oss-120b-medium":    "gpt-oss-120b-medium",
 	"tab_flash_lite_preview": "tab_flash_lite_preview",
 }
+
+// DefaultBedrockModelMapping 是 AWS Bedrock 平台的默认模型映射
+// 将 Anthropic 标准模型名映射到 Bedrock 模型 ID
+// 注意：此处的 "us." 前缀仅为默认值，ResolveBedrockModelID 会根据账号配置的
+// aws_region 自动调整为匹配的区域前缀（如 eu.、apac.、jp. 等）
+var DefaultBedrockModelMapping = map[string]string{
+	// Claude Opus
+	"claude-opus-4-6-thinking": "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+	"claude-opus-4-6":          "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+	"claude-opus-4-5-thinking": "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1:0",
+	"claude-opus-4-5-20251101": "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1:0",
+	"claude-opus-4-1":          "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-1-20250805-v1:0",
+	"claude-opus-4-20250514":   "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-20250514-v1:0",
+	// Claude Sonnet
+	"claude-sonnet-4-6-thinking": "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+	"claude-sonnet-4-6":          "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+	"claude-sonnet-4-5":          "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+	"claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking": "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+	"claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929": "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+	"claude-sonnet-4-20250514":   "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0",
+	// Claude Haiku
+	"claude-haiku-4-5":          "us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+	"claude-haiku-4-5-20251001": "us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+}

backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ type CreateAccountRequest struct {
 	Name                    string         `json:"name" binding:"required"`
 	Notes                   *string        `json:"notes"`
 	Platform                string         `json:"platform" binding:"required"`
-	Type                    string         `json:"type" binding:"required,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey upstream"`
+	Type                    string         `json:"type" binding:"required,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey upstream bedrock bedrock-apikey"`
 	Credentials             map[string]any `json:"credentials" binding:"required"`
 	Extra                   map[string]any `json:"extra"`
 	ProxyID                 *int64         `json:"proxy_id"`
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ type CreateAccountRequest struct {
 type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
 	Name                    string         `json:"name"`
 	Notes                   *string        `json:"notes"`
-	Type                    string         `json:"type" binding:"omitempty,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey upstream"`
+	Type                    string         `json:"type" binding:"omitempty,oneof=oauth setup-token apikey upstream bedrock bedrock-apikey"`
 	Credentials             map[string]any `json:"credentials"`
 	Extra                   map[string]any `json:"extra"`
 	ProxyID                 *int64         `json:"proxy_id"`
@@ -865,6 +865,9 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) refreshSingleAccount(ctx context.Context, account *serv
 		}
 	}
 
+	// OpenAI OAuth: 刷新成功后检查并设置 privacy_mode
+	h.adminService.EnsureOpenAIPrivacy(ctx, updatedAccount)
+
 	return updatedAccount, "", nil
 }
 
@@ -1338,12 +1341,6 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) BulkUpdate(c *gin.Context) {
 			c.JSON(409, gin.H{
 				"error":   "mixed_channel_warning",
 				"message": mixedErr.Error(),
-				"details": gin.H{
-					"group_id":         mixedErr.GroupID,
-					"group_name":       mixedErr.GroupName,
-					"current_platform": mixedErr.CurrentPlatform,
-					"other_platform":   mixedErr.OtherPlatform,
-				},
 			})
 			return
 		}
@@ -1721,13 +1718,12 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) GetAvailableModels(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	// Handle OpenAI accounts
 	if account.IsOpenAI() {
-		// For OAuth accounts: return default OpenAI models
-		if account.IsOAuth() {
+		// OpenAI 自动透传会绕过常规模型改写，测试/模型列表也应回落到默认模型集。
+		if account.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled() {
 			response.Success(c, openai.DefaultModels)
 			return
 		}
 
-		// For API Key accounts: check model_mapping
 		mapping := account.GetModelMapping()
 		if len(mapping) == 0 {
 			response.Success(c, openai.DefaultModels)

backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler_available_models_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package admin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type availableModelsAdminService struct {
+	*stubAdminService
+	account service.Account
+}
+
+func (s *availableModelsAdminService) GetAccount(_ context.Context, id int64) (*service.Account, error) {
+	if s.account.ID == id {
+		acc := s.account
+		return &acc, nil
+	}
+	return s.stubAdminService.GetAccount(context.Background(), id)
+}
+
+func setupAvailableModelsRouter(adminSvc service.AdminService) *gin.Engine {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	router := gin.New()
+	handler := NewAccountHandler(adminSvc, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	router.GET("/api/v1/admin/accounts/:id/models", handler.GetAvailableModels)
+	return router
+}
+
+func TestAccountHandlerGetAvailableModels_OpenAIOAuthUsesExplicitModelMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &availableModelsAdminService{
+		stubAdminService: newStubAdminService(),
+		account: service.Account{
+			ID:       42,
+			Name:     "openai-oauth",
+			Platform: service.PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:     service.AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Status:   service.StatusActive,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+					"gpt-5": "gpt-5.1",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	router := setupAvailableModelsRouter(svc)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/admin/accounts/42/models", nil)
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+
+	var resp struct {
+		Data []struct {
+			ID string `json:"id"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+	require.Len(t, resp.Data, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-5", resp.Data[0].ID)
+}
+
+func TestAccountHandlerGetAvailableModels_OpenAIOAuthPassthroughFallsBackToDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &availableModelsAdminService{
+		stubAdminService: newStubAdminService(),
+		account: service.Account{
+			ID:       43,
+			Name:     "openai-oauth-passthrough",
+			Platform: service.PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:     service.AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Status:   service.StatusActive,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+					"gpt-5": "gpt-5.1",
+				},
+			},
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"openai_passthrough": true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	router := setupAvailableModelsRouter(svc)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/admin/accounts/43/models", nil)
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+
+	var resp struct {
+		Data []struct {
+			ID string `json:"id"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Data)
+	require.NotEqual(t, "gpt-5", resp.Data[0].ID)
+}

backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler_mixed_channel_test.go

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestAccountHandlerCreateMixedChannelConflictSimplifiedResponse(t *testing.T
 	var resp map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
 	require.Equal(t, "mixed_channel_warning", resp["error"])
-	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "claude-max")
+	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "mixed_channel_warning")
 	_, hasDetails := resp["details"]
 	_, hasRequireConfirmation := resp["require_confirmation"]
 	require.False(t, hasDetails)
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func TestAccountHandlerUpdateMixedChannelConflictSimplifiedResponse(t *testing.T
 	var resp map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
 	require.Equal(t, "mixed_channel_warning", resp["error"])
-	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "claude-max")
+	require.Contains(t, resp["message"], "mixed_channel_warning")
 	_, hasDetails := resp["details"]
 	_, hasRequireConfirmation := resp["require_confirmation"]
 	require.False(t, hasDetails)

backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_service_stub_test.go

@@ -179,6 +179,14 @@ func (s *stubAdminService) GetGroupRateMultipliers(_ context.Context, _ int64) (
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func (s *stubAdminService) ClearGroupRateMultipliers(_ context.Context, _ int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubAdminService) BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(_ context.Context, _ int64, _ []service.GroupRateMultiplierInput) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *stubAdminService) ListAccounts(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int, platform, accountType, status, search string, groupID int64) ([]service.Account, int64, error) {
 	return s.accounts, int64(len(s.accounts)), nil
 }
@@ -433,5 +441,9 @@ func (s *stubAdminService) ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) erro
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *stubAdminService) EnsureOpenAIPrivacy(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account) string {
+	return ""
+}
+
 // Ensure stub implements interface.
 var _ service.AdminService = (*stubAdminService)(nil)

backend/internal/handler/admin/dashboard_handler.go

@@ -466,9 +466,60 @@ type BatchUsersUsageRequest struct {
 	UserIDs []int64 `json:"user_ids" binding:"required"`
 }
 
+var dashboardUsersRankingCache = newSnapshotCache(5 * time.Minute)
 var dashboardBatchUsersUsageCache = newSnapshotCache(30 * time.Second)
 var dashboardBatchAPIKeysUsageCache = newSnapshotCache(30 * time.Second)
 
+func parseRankingLimit(raw string) int {
+	limit, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if err != nil || limit <= 0 {
+		return 12
+	}
+	if limit > 50 {
+		return 50
+	}
+	return limit
+}
+
+// GetUserSpendingRanking handles getting user spending ranking data.
+// GET /api/v1/admin/dashboard/users-ranking
+func (h *DashboardHandler) GetUserSpendingRanking(c *gin.Context) {
+	startTime, endTime := parseTimeRange(c)
+	limit := parseRankingLimit(c.DefaultQuery("limit", "12"))
+
+	keyRaw, _ := json.Marshal(struct {
+		Start string `json:"start"`
+		End   string `json:"end"`
+		Limit int    `json:"limit"`
+	}{
+		Start: startTime.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		End:   endTime.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Limit: limit,
+	})
+	cacheKey := string(keyRaw)
+	if cached, ok := dashboardUsersRankingCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+		c.Header("X-Snapshot-Cache", "hit")
+		response.Success(c, cached.Payload)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ranking, err := h.dashboardService.GetUserSpendingRanking(c.Request.Context(), startTime, endTime, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.Error(c, 500, "Failed to get user spending ranking")
+		return
+	}
+
+	payload := gin.H{
+		"ranking":           ranking.Ranking,
+		"total_actual_cost": ranking.TotalActualCost,
+		"start_date":        startTime.Format("2006-01-02"),
+		"end_date":          endTime.Add(-24 * time.Hour).Format("2006-01-02"),
+	}
+	dashboardUsersRankingCache.Set(cacheKey, payload)
+	c.Header("X-Snapshot-Cache", "miss")
+	response.Success(c, payload)
+}
+
 // GetBatchUsersUsage handles getting usage stats for multiple users
 // POST /api/v1/admin/dashboard/users-usage
 func (h *DashboardHandler) GetBatchUsersUsage(c *gin.Context) {

backend/internal/handler/admin/dashboard_handler_request_type_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ type dashboardUsageRepoCapture struct {
 	trendStream      *bool
 	modelRequestType *int16
 	modelStream      *bool
+	rankingLimit     int
+	ranking          []usagestats.UserSpendingRankingItem
+	rankingTotal     float64
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardUsageRepoCapture) GetUsageTrendWithFilters(
@@ -49,6 +52,18 @@ func (s *dashboardUsageRepoCapture) GetModelStatsWithFilters(
 	return []usagestats.ModelStat{}, nil
 }
 
+func (s *dashboardUsageRepoCapture) GetUserSpendingRanking(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	startTime, endTime time.Time,
+	limit int,
+) (*usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse, error) {
+	s.rankingLimit = limit
+	return &usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse{
+		Ranking:         s.ranking,
+		TotalActualCost: s.rankingTotal,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 func newDashboardRequestTypeTestRouter(repo *dashboardUsageRepoCapture) *gin.Engine {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	dashboardSvc := service.NewDashboardService(repo, nil, nil, nil)
@@ -56,6 +71,7 @@ func newDashboardRequestTypeTestRouter(repo *dashboardUsageRepoCapture) *gin.Eng
 	router := gin.New()
 	router.GET("/admin/dashboard/trend", handler.GetUsageTrend)
 	router.GET("/admin/dashboard/models", handler.GetModelStats)
+	router.GET("/admin/dashboard/users-ranking", handler.GetUserSpendingRanking)
 	return router
 }
 
@@ -130,3 +146,30 @@ func TestDashboardModelStatsInvalidStream(t *testing.T) {
 
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rec.Code)
 }
+
+func TestDashboardUsersRankingLimitAndCache(t *testing.T) {
+	dashboardUsersRankingCache = newSnapshotCache(5 * time.Minute)
+	repo := &dashboardUsageRepoCapture{
+		ranking: []usagestats.UserSpendingRankingItem{
+			{UserID: 7, Email: "rank@example.com", ActualCost: 10.5, Requests: 3, Tokens: 300},
+		},
+		rankingTotal: 88.8,
+	}
+	router := newDashboardRequestTypeTestRouter(repo)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/admin/dashboard/users-ranking?limit=100&start_date=2025-01-01&end_date=2025-01-02", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	require.Equal(t, 50, repo.rankingLimit)
+	require.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "\"total_actual_cost\":88.8")
+	require.Equal(t, "miss", rec.Header().Get("X-Snapshot-Cache"))
+
+	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/admin/dashboard/users-ranking?limit=100&start_date=2025-01-01&end_date=2025-01-02", nil)
+	rec2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec2, req2)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec2.Code)
+	require.Equal(t, "hit", rec2.Header().Get("X-Snapshot-Cache"))
+}

backend/internal/handler/admin/group_handler.go

@@ -46,10 +46,9 @@ type CreateGroupRequest struct {
 	FallbackGroupID                 *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id"`
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request"`
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
-	ModelRoutingEnabled      bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
-	MCPXMLInject             *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
-	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool              `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
+	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
+	ModelRoutingEnabled bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
+	MCPXMLInject        *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes []string `json:"supported_model_scopes"`
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -85,10 +84,9 @@ type UpdateGroupRequest struct {
 	FallbackGroupID                 *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id"`
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64   `json:"fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request"`
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
-	ModelRoutingEnabled      *bool              `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
-	MCPXMLInject             *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
-	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool              `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
+	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing"`
+	ModelRoutingEnabled *bool              `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
+	MCPXMLInject        *bool              `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes *[]string `json:"supported_model_scopes"`
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -209,7 +207,6 @@ func (h *GroupHandler) Create(c *gin.Context) {
 		ModelRouting:                    req.ModelRouting,
 		ModelRoutingEnabled:             req.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    req.MCPXMLInject,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        req.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            req.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SoraStorageQuotaBytes:           req.SoraStorageQuotaBytes,
 		AllowMessagesDispatch:           req.AllowMessagesDispatch,
@@ -263,7 +260,6 @@ func (h *GroupHandler) Update(c *gin.Context) {
 		ModelRouting:                    req.ModelRouting,
 		ModelRoutingEnabled:             req.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    req.MCPXMLInject,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        req.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            req.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SoraStorageQuotaBytes:           req.SoraStorageQuotaBytes,
 		AllowMessagesDispatch:           req.AllowMessagesDispatch,
@@ -360,6 +356,51 @@ func (h *GroupHandler) GetGroupRateMultipliers(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Success(c, entries)
 }
 
+// ClearGroupRateMultipliers handles clearing all rate multipliers for a group
+// DELETE /api/v1/admin/groups/:id/rate-multipliers
+func (h *GroupHandler) ClearGroupRateMultipliers(c *gin.Context) {
+	groupID, err := strconv.ParseInt(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid group ID")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.adminService.ClearGroupRateMultipliers(c.Request.Context(), groupID); err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response.Success(c, gin.H{"message": "Rate multipliers cleared successfully"})
+}
+
+// BatchSetGroupRateMultipliersRequest represents batch set rate multipliers request
+type BatchSetGroupRateMultipliersRequest struct {
+	Entries []service.GroupRateMultiplierInput `json:"entries" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+// BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers handles batch setting rate multipliers for a group
+// PUT /api/v1/admin/groups/:id/rate-multipliers
+func (h *GroupHandler) BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(c *gin.Context) {
+	groupID, err := strconv.ParseInt(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid group ID")
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req BatchSetGroupRateMultipliersRequest
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid request: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.adminService.BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(c.Request.Context(), groupID, req.Entries); err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response.Success(c, gin.H{"message": "Rate multipliers updated successfully"})
+}
+
 // UpdateSortOrderRequest represents the request to update group sort orders
 type UpdateSortOrderRequest struct {
 	Updates []struct {

backend/internal/handler/admin/openai_oauth_handler.go

@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ func (h *OpenAIOAuthHandler) CreateAccountFromOAuth(c *gin.Context) {
 		Platform:    platform,
 		Type:        "oauth",
 		Credentials: credentials,
+		Extra:       nil,
 		ProxyID:     req.ProxyID,
 		Concurrency: req.Concurrency,
 		Priority:    req.Priority,

backend/internal/handler/admin/redeem_handler.go

@@ -41,12 +41,15 @@ type GenerateRedeemCodesRequest struct {
 }
 
 // CreateAndRedeemCodeRequest represents creating a fixed code and redeeming it for a target user.
+// Type 为 omitempty 而非 required 是为了向后兼容旧版调用方（不传 type 时默认 balance）。
 type CreateAndRedeemCodeRequest struct {
-	Code   string  `json:"code" binding:"required,min=3,max=128"`
-	Type   string  `json:"type" binding:"required,oneof=balance concurrency subscription invitation"`
-	Value  float64 `json:"value" binding:"required,gt=0"`
-	UserID int64   `json:"user_id" binding:"required,gt=0"`
-	Notes  string  `json:"notes"`
+	Code         string  `json:"code" binding:"required,min=3,max=128"`
+	Type         string  `json:"type" binding:"omitempty,oneof=balance concurrency subscription invitation"` // 不传时默认 balance（向后兼容）
+	Value        float64 `json:"value" binding:"required,gt=0"`
+	UserID       int64   `json:"user_id" binding:"required,gt=0"`
+	GroupID      *int64  `json:"group_id"`                                    // subscription 类型必填
+	ValidityDays int     `json:"validity_days" binding:"omitempty,max=36500"` // subscription 类型必填，>0
+	Notes        string  `json:"notes"`
 }
 
 // List handles listing all redeem codes with pagination
@@ -136,6 +139,22 @@ func (h *RedeemHandler) CreateAndRedeem(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 	req.Code = strings.TrimSpace(req.Code)
+	// 向后兼容：旧版调用方（如 Sub2ApiPay）不传 type 字段，默认当作 balance 充值处理。
+	// 请勿删除此默认值逻辑，否则会导致旧版调用方 400 报错。
+	if req.Type == "" {
+		req.Type = "balance"
+	}
+
+	if req.Type == "subscription" {
+		if req.GroupID == nil {
+			response.BadRequest(c, "group_id is required for subscription type")
+			return
+		}
+		if req.ValidityDays <= 0 {
+			response.BadRequest(c, "validity_days must be greater than 0 for subscription type")
+			return
+		}
+	}
 
 	executeAdminIdempotentJSON(c, "admin.redeem_codes.create_and_redeem", req, service.DefaultWriteIdempotencyTTL(), func(ctx context.Context) (any, error) {
 		existing, err := h.redeemService.GetByCode(ctx, req.Code)
@@ -147,11 +166,13 @@ func (h *RedeemHandler) CreateAndRedeem(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 
 		createErr := h.redeemService.CreateCode(ctx, &service.RedeemCode{
-			Code:   req.Code,
-			Type:   req.Type,
-			Value:  req.Value,
-			Status: service.StatusUnused,
-			Notes:  req.Notes,
+			Code:         req.Code,
+			Type:         req.Type,
+			Value:        req.Value,
+			Status:       service.StatusUnused,
+			Notes:        req.Notes,
+			GroupID:      req.GroupID,
+			ValidityDays: req.ValidityDays,
 		})
 		if createErr != nil {
 			// Unique code race: if code now exists, use idempotent semantics by used_by.

backend/internal/handler/admin/redeem_handler_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package admin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// newCreateAndRedeemHandler creates a RedeemHandler with a non-nil (but minimal)
+// RedeemService so that CreateAndRedeem's nil guard passes and we can test the
+// parameter-validation layer that runs before any service call.
+func newCreateAndRedeemHandler() *RedeemHandler {
+	return &RedeemHandler{
+		adminService:  newStubAdminService(),
+		redeemService: &service.RedeemService{}, // non-nil to pass nil guard
+	}
+}
+
+// postCreateAndRedeemValidation calls CreateAndRedeem and returns the response
+// status code. For cases that pass validation and proceed into the service layer,
+// a panic may occur (because RedeemService internals are nil); this is expected
+// and treated as "validation passed" (returns 0 to indicate panic).
+func postCreateAndRedeemValidation(t *testing.T, handler *RedeemHandler, body any) (code int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+
+	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/admin/redeem-codes/create-and-redeem", bytes.NewReader(jsonBytes))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			// Panic means we passed validation and entered service layer (expected for minimal stub).
+			code = 0
+		}
+	}()
+	handler.CreateAndRedeem(c)
+	return w.Code
+}
+
+func TestCreateAndRedeem_TypeDefaultsToBalance(t *testing.T) {
+	// 不传 type 字段时应默认 balance，不触发 subscription 校验。
+	// 验证通过后进入 service 层会 panic（返回 0），说明默认值生效。
+	h := newCreateAndRedeemHandler()
+	code := postCreateAndRedeemValidation(t, h, map[string]any{
+		"code":    "test-balance-default",
+		"value":   10.0,
+		"user_id": 1,
+	})
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusBadRequest, code,
+		"omitting type should default to balance and pass validation")
+}
+
+func TestCreateAndRedeem_SubscriptionRequiresGroupID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newCreateAndRedeemHandler()
+	code := postCreateAndRedeemValidation(t, h, map[string]any{
+		"code":          "test-sub-no-group",
+		"type":          "subscription",
+		"value":         29.9,
+		"user_id":       1,
+		"validity_days": 30,
+		// group_id 缺失
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, code)
+}
+
+func TestCreateAndRedeem_SubscriptionRequiresPositiveValidityDays(t *testing.T) {
+	groupID := int64(5)
+	h := newCreateAndRedeemHandler()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name         string
+		validityDays int
+	}{
+		{"zero", 0},
+		{"negative", -1},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			code := postCreateAndRedeemValidation(t, h, map[string]any{
+				"code":          "test-sub-bad-days-" + tc.name,
+				"type":          "subscription",
+				"value":         29.9,
+				"user_id":       1,
+				"group_id":      groupID,
+				"validity_days": tc.validityDays,
+			})
+
+			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, code)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateAndRedeem_SubscriptionValidParamsPassValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	groupID := int64(5)
+	h := newCreateAndRedeemHandler()
+	code := postCreateAndRedeemValidation(t, h, map[string]any{
+		"code":          "test-sub-valid",
+		"type":          "subscription",
+		"value":         29.9,
+		"user_id":       1,
+		"group_id":      groupID,
+		"validity_days": 31,
+	})
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusBadRequest, code,
+		"valid subscription params should pass validation")
+}
+
+func TestCreateAndRedeem_BalanceIgnoresSubscriptionFields(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newCreateAndRedeemHandler()
+	// balance 类型不传 group_id 和 validity_days，不应报 400
+	code := postCreateAndRedeemValidation(t, h, map[string]any{
+		"code":    "test-balance-no-extras",
+		"type":    "balance",
+		"value":   50.0,
+		"user_id": 1,
+	})
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusBadRequest, code,
+		"balance type should not require group_id or validity_days")
+}

backend/internal/handler/admin/subscription_handler.go

@@ -218,11 +218,12 @@ func (h *SubscriptionHandler) Extend(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // ResetSubscriptionQuotaRequest represents the reset quota request
 type ResetSubscriptionQuotaRequest struct {
-	Daily  bool `json:"daily"`
-	Weekly bool `json:"weekly"`
+	Daily   bool `json:"daily"`
+	Weekly  bool `json:"weekly"`
+	Monthly bool `json:"monthly"`
 }
 
-// ResetQuota resets daily and/or weekly usage for a subscription.
+// ResetQuota resets daily, weekly, and/or monthly usage for a subscription.
 // POST /api/v1/admin/subscriptions/:id/reset-quota
 func (h *SubscriptionHandler) ResetQuota(c *gin.Context) {
 	subscriptionID, err := strconv.ParseInt(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
@@ -235,11 +236,11 @@ func (h *SubscriptionHandler) ResetQuota(c *gin.Context) {
 		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid request: "+err.Error())
 		return
 	}
-	if !req.Daily && !req.Weekly {
-		response.BadRequest(c, "At least one of 'daily' or 'weekly' must be true")
+	if !req.Daily && !req.Weekly && !req.Monthly {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "At least one of 'daily', 'weekly', or 'monthly' must be true")
 		return
 	}
-	sub, err := h.subscriptionService.AdminResetQuota(c.Request.Context(), subscriptionID, req.Daily, req.Weekly)
+	sub, err := h.subscriptionService.AdminResetQuota(c.Request.Context(), subscriptionID, req.Daily, req.Weekly, req.Monthly)
 	if err != nil {
 		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
 		return

backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers.go

@@ -135,15 +135,14 @@ func GroupFromServiceAdmin(g *service.Group) *AdminGroup {
 		return nil
 	}
 	out := &AdminGroup{
-		Group:                    groupFromServiceBase(g),
-		ModelRouting:             g.ModelRouting,
-		ModelRoutingEnabled:      g.ModelRoutingEnabled,
-		MCPXMLInject:             g.MCPXMLInject,
-		DefaultMappedModel:       g.DefaultMappedModel,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: g.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
-		SupportedModelScopes:     g.SupportedModelScopes,
-		AccountCount:             g.AccountCount,
-		SortOrder:                g.SortOrder,
+		Group:                groupFromServiceBase(g),
+		ModelRouting:         g.ModelRouting,
+		ModelRoutingEnabled:  g.ModelRoutingEnabled,
+		MCPXMLInject:         g.MCPXMLInject,
+		DefaultMappedModel:   g.DefaultMappedModel,
+		SupportedModelScopes: g.SupportedModelScopes,
+		AccountCount:         g.AccountCount,
+		SortOrder:            g.SortOrder,
 	}
 	if len(g.AccountGroups) > 0 {
 		out.AccountGroups = make([]AccountGroup, 0, len(g.AccountGroups))

backend/internal/handler/dto/types.go

@@ -117,8 +117,6 @@ type AdminGroup struct {
 
 	// MCP XML 协议注入（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	MCPXMLInject bool `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
-	// Claude usage 模拟开关（仅管理员可见）
-	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
 
 	// OpenAI Messages 调度配置（仅 openai 平台使用）
 	DefaultMappedModel string `json:"default_mapped_model"`

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler.go

@@ -434,20 +434,21 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			// 捕获请求信息（用于异步记录，避免在 goroutine 中访问 gin.Context）
 			userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
 			clientIP := ip.GetClientIP(c)
+			requestPayloadHash := service.HashUsageRequestPayload(body)
 
 			// 使用量记录通过有界 worker 池提交，避免请求热路径创建无界 goroutine。
 			h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 				if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(ctx, &service.RecordUsageInput{
-					Result:            result,
-					ParsedRequest:     parsedReq,
-					APIKey:            apiKey,
-					User:              apiKey.User,
-					Account:           account,
-					Subscription:      subscription,
-					UserAgent:         userAgent,
-					IPAddress:         clientIP,
-					ForceCacheBilling: fs.ForceCacheBilling,
-					APIKeyService:     h.apiKeyService,
+					Result:             result,
+					APIKey:             apiKey,
+					User:               apiKey.User,
+					Account:            account,
+					Subscription:       subscription,
+					UserAgent:          userAgent,
+					IPAddress:          clientIP,
+					RequestPayloadHash: requestPayloadHash,
+					ForceCacheBilling:  fs.ForceCacheBilling,
+					APIKeyService:      h.apiKeyService,
 				}); err != nil {
 					logger.L().With(
 						zap.String("component", "handler.gateway.messages"),
@@ -631,7 +632,6 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			// ===== 用户消息串行队列 END =====
 
 			// 转发请求 - 根据账号平台分流
-			c.Set("parsed_request", parsedReq)
 			var result *service.ForwardResult
 			requestCtx := c.Request.Context()
 			if fs.SwitchCount > 0 {
@@ -738,20 +738,21 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			// 捕获请求信息（用于异步记录，避免在 goroutine 中访问 gin.Context）
 			userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
 			clientIP := ip.GetClientIP(c)
+			requestPayloadHash := service.HashUsageRequestPayload(body)
 
 			// 使用量记录通过有界 worker 池提交，避免请求热路径创建无界 goroutine。
 			h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 				if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(ctx, &service.RecordUsageInput{
-					Result:            result,
-					ParsedRequest:     parsedReq,
-					APIKey:            currentAPIKey,
-					User:              currentAPIKey.User,
-					Account:           account,
-					Subscription:      currentSubscription,
-					UserAgent:         userAgent,
-					IPAddress:         clientIP,
-					ForceCacheBilling: fs.ForceCacheBilling,
-					APIKeyService:     h.apiKeyService,
+					Result:             result,
+					APIKey:             currentAPIKey,
+					User:               currentAPIKey.User,
+					Account:            account,
+					Subscription:       currentSubscription,
+					UserAgent:          userAgent,
+					IPAddress:          clientIP,
+					RequestPayloadHash: requestPayloadHash,
+					ForceCacheBilling:  fs.ForceCacheBilling,
+					APIKeyService:      h.apiKeyService,
 				}); err != nil {
 					logger.L().With(
 						zap.String("component", "handler.gateway.messages"),

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler_warmup_intercept_unit_test.go

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ func newTestGatewayHandler(t *testing.T, group *service.Group, accounts []*servi
 		nil, // accountRepo (not used: scheduler snapshot hit)
 		&fakeGroupRepo{group: group},
 		nil, // usageLogRepo
+		nil, // usageBillingRepo
 		nil, // userRepo
 		nil, // userSubRepo
 		nil, // userGroupRateRepo

backend/internal/handler/gemini_v1beta_handler.go

@@ -503,6 +503,7 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) GeminiV1BetaModels(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 
 		// 使用量记录通过有界 worker 池提交，避免请求热路径创建无界 goroutine。
+		requestPayloadHash := service.HashUsageRequestPayload(body)
 		h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 			if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsageWithLongContext(ctx, &service.RecordUsageLongContextInput{
 				Result:                result,
@@ -512,6 +513,7 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) GeminiV1BetaModels(c *gin.Context) {
 				Subscription:          subscription,
 				UserAgent:             userAgent,
 				IPAddress:             clientIP,
+				RequestPayloadHash:    requestPayloadHash,
 				LongContextThreshold:  200000, // Gemini 200K 阈值
 				LongContextMultiplier: 2.0,    // 超出部分双倍计费
 				ForceCacheBilling:     fs.ForceCacheBilling,

backend/internal/handler/openai_chat_completions.go

@@ -181,13 +181,7 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) ChatCompletions(c *gin.Context) {
 		service.SetOpsLatencyMs(c, service.OpsRoutingLatencyMsKey, time.Since(routingStart).Milliseconds())
 		forwardStart := time.Now()
 
-		defaultMappedModel := ""
-		if apiKey.Group != nil {
-			defaultMappedModel = apiKey.Group.DefaultMappedModel
-		}
-		if fallbackModel := c.GetString("openai_chat_completions_fallback_model"); fallbackModel != "" {
-			defaultMappedModel = fallbackModel
-		}
+		defaultMappedModel := c.GetString("openai_chat_completions_fallback_model")
 		result, err := h.gatewayService.ForwardAsChatCompletions(c.Request.Context(), c, account, body, promptCacheKey, defaultMappedModel)
 
 		forwardDurationMs := time.Since(forwardStart).Milliseconds()

backend/internal/handler/openai_gateway_handler.go

@@ -352,18 +352,20 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Responses(c *gin.Context) {
 		// 捕获请求信息（用于异步记录，避免在 goroutine 中访问 gin.Context）
 		userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
 		clientIP := ip.GetClientIP(c)
+		requestPayloadHash := service.HashUsageRequestPayload(body)
 
 		// 使用量记录通过有界 worker 池提交，避免请求热路径创建无界 goroutine。
 		h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 			if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(ctx, &service.OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
-				Result:        result,
-				APIKey:        apiKey,
-				User:          apiKey.User,
-				Account:       account,
-				Subscription:  subscription,
-				UserAgent:     userAgent,
-				IPAddress:     clientIP,
-				APIKeyService: h.apiKeyService,
+				Result:             result,
+				APIKey:             apiKey,
+				User:               apiKey.User,
+				Account:            account,
+				Subscription:       subscription,
+				UserAgent:          userAgent,
+				IPAddress:          clientIP,
+				RequestPayloadHash: requestPayloadHash,
+				APIKeyService:      h.apiKeyService,
 			}); err != nil {
 				logger.L().With(
 					zap.String("component", "handler.openai_gateway.responses"),
@@ -653,14 +655,9 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 		service.SetOpsLatencyMs(c, service.OpsRoutingLatencyMsKey, time.Since(routingStart).Milliseconds())
 		forwardStart := time.Now()
 
-		defaultMappedModel := ""
-		if apiKey.Group != nil {
-			defaultMappedModel = apiKey.Group.DefaultMappedModel
-		}
-		// 如果使用了降级模型调度，强制使用降级模型
-		if fallbackModel := c.GetString("openai_messages_fallback_model"); fallbackModel != "" {
-			defaultMappedModel = fallbackModel
-		}
+		// 仅在调度时实际触发了降级（原模型无可用账号、改用默认模型重试成功）时，
+		// 才将降级模型传给 Forward 层做模型替换；否则保持用户请求的原始模型。
+		defaultMappedModel := c.GetString("openai_messages_fallback_model")
 		result, err := h.gatewayService.ForwardAsAnthropic(c.Request.Context(), c, account, body, promptCacheKey, defaultMappedModel)
 
 		forwardDurationMs := time.Since(forwardStart).Milliseconds()
@@ -732,17 +729,19 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
 		clientIP := ip.GetClientIP(c)
+		requestPayloadHash := service.HashUsageRequestPayload(body)
 
 		h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 			if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(ctx, &service.OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
-				Result:        result,
-				APIKey:        apiKey,
-				User:          apiKey.User,
-				Account:       account,
-				Subscription:  subscription,
-				UserAgent:     userAgent,
-				IPAddress:     clientIP,
-				APIKeyService: h.apiKeyService,
+				Result:             result,
+				APIKey:             apiKey,
+				User:               apiKey.User,
+				Account:            account,
+				Subscription:       subscription,
+				UserAgent:          userAgent,
+				IPAddress:          clientIP,
+				RequestPayloadHash: requestPayloadHash,
+				APIKeyService:      h.apiKeyService,
 			}); err != nil {
 				logger.L().With(
 					zap.String("component", "handler.openai_gateway.messages"),
@@ -1231,14 +1230,15 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) ResponsesWebSocket(c *gin.Context) {
 			h.gatewayService.ReportOpenAIAccountScheduleResult(account.ID, true, result.FirstTokenMs)
 			h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(taskCtx context.Context) {
 				if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(taskCtx, &service.OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
-					Result:        result,
-					APIKey:        apiKey,
-					User:          apiKey.User,
-					Account:       account,
-					Subscription:  subscription,
-					UserAgent:     userAgent,
-					IPAddress:     clientIP,
-					APIKeyService: h.apiKeyService,
+					Result:             result,
+					APIKey:             apiKey,
+					User:               apiKey.User,
+					Account:            account,
+					Subscription:       subscription,
+					UserAgent:          userAgent,
+					IPAddress:          clientIP,
+					RequestPayloadHash: service.HashUsageRequestPayload(firstMessage),
+					APIKeyService:      h.apiKeyService,
 				}); err != nil {
 					reqLog.Error("openai.websocket_record_usage_failed",
 						zap.Int64("account_id", account.ID),

backend/internal/handler/sora_client_handler_test.go

@@ -2206,7 +2206,7 @@ func (s *stubSoraClientForHandler) GetVideoTask(_ context.Context, _ *service.Ac
 // newMinimalGatewayService 创建仅包含 accountRepo 的最小 GatewayService（用于测试 SelectAccountForModel）。
 func newMinimalGatewayService(accountRepo service.AccountRepository) *service.GatewayService {
 	return service.NewGatewayService(
-		accountRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
+		accountRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
 		nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
 	)
 }

backend/internal/handler/sora_gateway_handler.go

@@ -399,17 +399,19 @@ func (h *SoraGatewayHandler) ChatCompletions(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
 		clientIP := ip.GetClientIP(c)
+		requestPayloadHash := service.HashUsageRequestPayload(body)
 
 		// 使用量记录通过有界 worker 池提交，避免请求热路径创建无界 goroutine。
 		h.submitUsageRecordTask(func(ctx context.Context) {
 			if err := h.gatewayService.RecordUsage(ctx, &service.RecordUsageInput{
-				Result:       result,
-				APIKey:       apiKey,
-				User:         apiKey.User,
-				Account:      account,
-				Subscription: subscription,
-				UserAgent:    userAgent,
-				IPAddress:    clientIP,
+				Result:             result,
+				APIKey:             apiKey,
+				User:               apiKey.User,
+				Account:            account,
+				Subscription:       subscription,
+				UserAgent:          userAgent,
+				IPAddress:          clientIP,
+				RequestPayloadHash: requestPayloadHash,
 			}); err != nil {
 				logger.L().With(
 					zap.String("component", "handler.sora_gateway.chat_completions"),

backend/internal/handler/sora_gateway_handler_test.go

@@ -343,6 +343,9 @@ func (s *stubUsageLogRepo) GetAPIKeyUsageTrend(ctx context.Context, startTime, e
 func (s *stubUsageLogRepo) GetUserUsageTrend(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, granularity string, limit int) ([]usagestats.UserUsageTrendPoint, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
+func (s *stubUsageLogRepo) GetUserSpendingRanking(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, limit int) (*usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
 func (s *stubUsageLogRepo) GetBatchUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userIDs []int64, startTime, endTime time.Time) (map[int64]*usagestats.BatchUserUsageStats, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
@@ -431,6 +434,7 @@ func TestSoraGatewayHandler_ChatCompletions(t *testing.T) {
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		nil,
+		nil,
 		testutil.StubGatewayCache{},
 		cfg,
 		nil,

backend/internal/pkg/antigravity/gemini_types.go

@@ -189,6 +189,5 @@ var DefaultStopSequences = []string{
 	"<|user|>",
 	"<|endoftext|>",
 	"<|end_of_turn|>",
-	"[DONE]",
 	"\n\nHuman:",
 }

backend/internal/pkg/antigravity/stream_transformer.go

@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ const (
 	BlockTypeFunction
 )
 
-// UsageMapHook is a callback that can modify usage data before it's emitted in SSE events.
-type UsageMapHook func(usageMap map[string]any)
-
 // StreamingProcessor 流式响应处理器
 type StreamingProcessor struct {
 	blockType         BlockType
@@ -33,7 +30,6 @@ type StreamingProcessor struct {
 	originalModel     string
 	webSearchQueries  []string
 	groundingChunks   []GeminiGroundingChunk
-	usageMapHook      UsageMapHook
 
 	// 累计 usage
 	inputTokens     int
@@ -49,25 +45,6 @@ func NewStreamingProcessor(originalModel string) *StreamingProcessor {
 	}
 }
 
-// SetUsageMapHook sets an optional hook that modifies usage maps before they are emitted.
-func (p *StreamingProcessor) SetUsageMapHook(fn UsageMapHook) {
-	p.usageMapHook = fn
-}
-
-func usageToMap(u ClaudeUsage) map[string]any {
-	m := map[string]any{
-		"input_tokens":  u.InputTokens,
-		"output_tokens": u.OutputTokens,
-	}
-	if u.CacheCreationInputTokens > 0 {
-		m["cache_creation_input_tokens"] = u.CacheCreationInputTokens
-	}
-	if u.CacheReadInputTokens > 0 {
-		m["cache_read_input_tokens"] = u.CacheReadInputTokens
-	}
-	return m
-}
-
 // ProcessLine 处理 SSE 行，返回 Claude SSE 事件
 func (p *StreamingProcessor) ProcessLine(line string) []byte {
 	line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
@@ -191,13 +168,6 @@ func (p *StreamingProcessor) emitMessageStart(v1Resp *V1InternalResponse) []byte
 		responseID = "msg_" + generateRandomID()
 	}
 
-	var usageValue any = usage
-	if p.usageMapHook != nil {
-		usageMap := usageToMap(usage)
-		p.usageMapHook(usageMap)
-		usageValue = usageMap
-	}
-
 	message := map[string]any{
 		"id":            responseID,
 		"type":          "message",
@@ -206,7 +176,7 @@ func (p *StreamingProcessor) emitMessageStart(v1Resp *V1InternalResponse) []byte
 		"model":         p.originalModel,
 		"stop_reason":   nil,
 		"stop_sequence": nil,
-		"usage":         usageValue,
+		"usage":         usage,
 	}
 
 	event := map[string]any{
@@ -517,20 +487,13 @@ func (p *StreamingProcessor) emitFinish(finishReason string) []byte {
 		CacheReadInputTokens: p.cacheReadTokens,
 	}
 
-	var usageValue any = usage
-	if p.usageMapHook != nil {
-		usageMap := usageToMap(usage)
-		p.usageMapHook(usageMap)
-		usageValue = usageMap
-	}
-
 	deltaEvent := map[string]any{
 		"type": "message_delta",
 		"delta": map[string]any{
 			"stop_reason":   stopReason,
 			"stop_sequence": nil,
 		},
-		"usage": usageValue,
+		"usage": usage,
 	}
 
 	_, _ = result.Write(p.formatSSE("message_delta", deltaEvent))

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/anthropic_responses_test.go

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ func TestAnthropicToResponses_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", items[1].Role)
 	assert.Equal(t, "function_call", items[2].Type)
 	assert.Equal(t, "fc_call_1", items[2].CallID)
+	assert.Empty(t, items[2].ID)
 	assert.Equal(t, "function_call_output", items[3].Type)
 	assert.Equal(t, "fc_call_1", items[3].CallID)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Sunny, 72°F", items[3].Output)

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/anthropic_to_responses.go

@@ -277,7 +277,6 @@ func anthropicAssistantToResponses(raw json.RawMessage) ([]ResponsesInputItem, e
 			CallID:    fcID,
 			Name:      b.Name,
 			Arguments: args,
-			ID:        fcID,
 		})
 	}
 

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/chatcompletions_responses_test.go

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ func TestChatCompletionsToResponses_ToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 	// Check function_call item
 	assert.Equal(t, "function_call", items[1].Type)
 	assert.Equal(t, "call_1", items[1].CallID)
+	assert.Empty(t, items[1].ID)
 	assert.Equal(t, "ping", items[1].Name)
 
 	// Check function_call_output item
@@ -252,6 +253,55 @@ func TestChatCompletionsToResponses_AssistantWithTextAndToolCalls(t *testing.T)
 	assert.Equal(t, "user", items[0].Role)
 	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", items[1].Role)
 	assert.Equal(t, "function_call", items[2].Type)
+	assert.Empty(t, items[2].ID)
+}
+
+func TestChatCompletionsToResponses_AssistantArrayContentPreserved(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &ChatCompletionsRequest{
+		Model: "gpt-4o",
+		Messages: []ChatMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Hi"`)},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: json.RawMessage(`[{"type":"text","text":"A"},{"type":"text","text":"B"}]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := ChatCompletionsToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	require.Len(t, items, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", items[1].Role)
+
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(items[1].Content, &parts))
+	require.Len(t, parts, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "output_text", parts[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "AB", parts[0].Text)
+}
+
+func TestChatCompletionsToResponses_AssistantThinkingTagPreserved(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &ChatCompletionsRequest{
+		Model: "gpt-4o",
+		Messages: []ChatMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Hi"`)},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: json.RawMessage(`[{"type":"thinking","thinking":"internal plan"},{"type":"text","text":"final answer"}]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := ChatCompletionsToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	require.Len(t, items, 2)
+
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(items[1].Content, &parts))
+	require.Len(t, parts, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "output_text", parts[0].Type)
+	assert.Contains(t, parts[0].Text, "<thinking>internal plan</thinking>")
+	assert.Contains(t, parts[0].Text, "final answer")
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -344,8 +394,8 @@ func TestResponsesToChatCompletions_Reasoning(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var content string
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(chat.Choices[0].Message.Content, &content))
-	// Reasoning summary is prepended to text
-	assert.Equal(t, "I thought about it.The answer is 42.", content)
+	assert.Equal(t, "The answer is 42.", content)
+	assert.Equal(t, "I thought about it.", chat.Choices[0].Message.ReasoningContent)
 }
 
 func TestResponsesToChatCompletions_Incomplete(t *testing.T) {
@@ -582,8 +632,35 @@ func TestResponsesEventToChatChunks_ReasoningDelta(t *testing.T) {
 		Delta: "Thinking...",
 	}, state)
 	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
+	require.NotNil(t, chunks[0].Choices[0].Delta.ReasoningContent)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Thinking...", *chunks[0].Choices[0].Delta.ReasoningContent)
+
+	chunks = ResponsesEventToChatChunks(&ResponsesStreamEvent{
+		Type: "response.reasoning_summary_text.done",
+	}, state)
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 0)
+}
+
+func TestResponsesEventToChatChunks_ReasoningThenTextAutoCloseTag(t *testing.T) {
+	state := NewResponsesEventToChatState()
+	state.Model = "gpt-4o"
+	state.SentRole = true
+
+	chunks := ResponsesEventToChatChunks(&ResponsesStreamEvent{
+		Type:  "response.reasoning_summary_text.delta",
+		Delta: "plan",
+	}, state)
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
+	require.NotNil(t, chunks[0].Choices[0].Delta.ReasoningContent)
+	assert.Equal(t, "plan", *chunks[0].Choices[0].Delta.ReasoningContent)
+
+	chunks = ResponsesEventToChatChunks(&ResponsesStreamEvent{
+		Type:  "response.output_text.delta",
+		Delta: "answer",
+	}, state)
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
 	require.NotNil(t, chunks[0].Choices[0].Delta.Content)
-	assert.Equal(t, "Thinking...", *chunks[0].Choices[0].Delta.Content)
+	assert.Equal(t, "answer", *chunks[0].Choices[0].Delta.Content)
 }
 
 func TestFinalizeResponsesChatStream(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/chatcompletions_to_responses.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package apicompat
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 )
 
 // ChatCompletionsToResponses converts a Chat Completions request into a
@@ -174,8 +175,11 @@ func chatAssistantToResponses(m ChatMessage) ([]ResponsesInputItem, error) {
 
 	// Emit assistant message with output_text if content is non-empty.
 	if len(m.Content) > 0 {
-		var s string
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(m.Content, &s); err == nil && s != "" {
+		s, err := parseAssistantContent(m.Content)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if s != "" {
 			parts := []ResponsesContentPart{{Type: "output_text", Text: s}}
 			partsJSON, err := json.Marshal(parts)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -196,13 +200,82 @@ func chatAssistantToResponses(m ChatMessage) ([]ResponsesInputItem, error) {
 			CallID:    tc.ID,
 			Name:      tc.Function.Name,
 			Arguments: args,
-			ID:        tc.ID,
 		})
 	}
 
 	return items, nil
 }
 
+// parseAssistantContent returns assistant content as plain text.
+//
+// Supported formats:
+// - JSON string
+// - JSON array of typed parts (e.g. [{"type":"text","text":"..."}])
+//
+// For structured thinking/reasoning parts, it preserves semantics by wrapping
+// the text in explicit tags so downstream can still distinguish it from normal text.
+func parseAssistantContent(raw json.RawMessage) (string, error) {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	var s string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &s); err == nil {
+		return s, nil
+	}
+
+	var parts []map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &parts); err != nil {
+		// Keep compatibility with prior behavior: unsupported assistant content
+		// formats are ignored instead of failing the whole request conversion.
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	write := func(v string) error {
+		_, err := b.WriteString(v)
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, p := range parts {
+		typ, _ := p["type"].(string)
+		text, _ := p["text"].(string)
+		thinking, _ := p["thinking"].(string)
+
+		switch typ {
+		case "thinking", "reasoning":
+			if thinking != "" {
+				if err := write("<thinking>"); err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+				if err := write(thinking); err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+				if err := write("</thinking>"); err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+			} else if text != "" {
+				if err := write("<thinking>"); err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+				if err := write(text); err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+				if err := write("</thinking>"); err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			if text != "" {
+				if err := write(text); err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
 // chatToolToResponses converts a tool result message (role=tool) into a
 // function_call_output item.
 func chatToolToResponses(m ChatMessage) ([]ResponsesInputItem, error) {

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/responses_to_chatcompletions.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ func ResponsesToChatCompletions(resp *ResponsesResponse, model string) *ChatComp
 	}
 
 	var contentText string
+	var reasoningText string
 	var toolCalls []ChatToolCall
 
 	for _, item := range resp.Output {
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ func ResponsesToChatCompletions(resp *ResponsesResponse, model string) *ChatComp
 		case "reasoning":
 			for _, s := range item.Summary {
 				if s.Type == "summary_text" && s.Text != "" {
-					contentText += s.Text
+					reasoningText += s.Text
 				}
 			}
 		case "web_search_call":
@@ -67,6 +68,9 @@ func ResponsesToChatCompletions(resp *ResponsesResponse, model string) *ChatComp
 		raw, _ := json.Marshal(contentText)
 		msg.Content = raw
 	}
+	if reasoningText != "" {
+		msg.ReasoningContent = reasoningText
+	}
 
 	finishReason := responsesStatusToChatFinishReason(resp.Status, resp.IncompleteDetails, toolCalls)
 
@@ -153,6 +157,8 @@ func ResponsesEventToChatChunks(evt *ResponsesStreamEvent, state *ResponsesEvent
 		return resToChatHandleFuncArgsDelta(evt, state)
 	case "response.reasoning_summary_text.delta":
 		return resToChatHandleReasoningDelta(evt, state)
+	case "response.reasoning_summary_text.done":
+		return nil
 	case "response.completed", "response.incomplete", "response.failed":
 		return resToChatHandleCompleted(evt, state)
 	default:
@@ -276,8 +282,8 @@ func resToChatHandleReasoningDelta(evt *ResponsesStreamEvent, state *ResponsesEv
 	if evt.Delta == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
-	content := evt.Delta
-	return []ChatCompletionsChunk{makeChatDeltaChunk(state, ChatDelta{Content: &content})}
+	reasoning := evt.Delta
+	return []ChatCompletionsChunk{makeChatDeltaChunk(state, ChatDelta{ReasoningContent: &reasoning})}
 }
 
 func resToChatHandleCompleted(evt *ResponsesStreamEvent, state *ResponsesEventToChatState) []ChatCompletionsChunk {

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/types.go

@@ -361,11 +361,12 @@ type ChatStreamOptions struct {
 
 // ChatMessage is a single message in the Chat Completions conversation.
 type ChatMessage struct {
-	Role       string          `json:"role"` // "system" | "user" | "assistant" | "tool" | "function"
-	Content    json.RawMessage `json:"content,omitempty"`
-	Name       string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
-	ToolCalls  []ChatToolCall  `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
-	ToolCallID string          `json:"tool_call_id,omitempty"`
+	Role             string          `json:"role"` // "system" | "user" | "assistant" | "tool" | "function"
+	Content          json.RawMessage `json:"content,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningContent string          `json:"reasoning_content,omitempty"`
+	Name             string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls        []ChatToolCall  `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
+	ToolCallID       string          `json:"tool_call_id,omitempty"`
 
 	// Legacy function calling
 	FunctionCall *ChatFunctionCall `json:"function_call,omitempty"`
@@ -466,9 +467,10 @@ type ChatChunkChoice struct {
 
 // ChatDelta carries incremental content in a streaming chunk.
 type ChatDelta struct {
-	Role      string         `json:"role,omitempty"`
-	Content   *string        `json:"content,omitempty"` // pointer: omit when not present, null vs "" matters
-	ToolCalls []ChatToolCall `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
+	Role             string         `json:"role,omitempty"`
+	Content          *string        `json:"content,omitempty"` // pointer: omit when not present, null vs "" matters
+	ReasoningContent *string        `json:"reasoning_content,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls        []ChatToolCall `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

backend/internal/pkg/usagestats/usage_log_types.go

@@ -96,12 +96,28 @@ type UserUsageTrendPoint struct {
 	Date       string  `json:"date"`
 	UserID     int64   `json:"user_id"`
 	Email      string  `json:"email"`
+	Username   string  `json:"username"`
 	Requests   int64   `json:"requests"`
 	Tokens     int64   `json:"tokens"`
 	Cost       float64 `json:"cost"`        // 标准计费
 	ActualCost float64 `json:"actual_cost"` // 实际扣除
 }
 
+// UserSpendingRankingItem represents a user spending ranking row.
+type UserSpendingRankingItem struct {
+	UserID     int64   `json:"user_id"`
+	Email      string  `json:"email"`
+	ActualCost float64 `json:"actual_cost"` // 实际扣除
+	Requests   int64   `json:"requests"`
+	Tokens     int64   `json:"tokens"`
+}
+
+// UserSpendingRankingResponse represents ranking rows plus total spend for the time range.
+type UserSpendingRankingResponse struct {
+	Ranking         []UserSpendingRankingItem `json:"ranking"`
+	TotalActualCost float64                   `json:"total_actual_cost"`
+}
+
 // APIKeyUsageTrendPoint represents API key usage trend data point
 type APIKeyUsageTrendPoint struct {
 	Date     string `json:"date"`

backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go

@@ -397,9 +397,9 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 	if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &account.ID, nil, buildSchedulerGroupPayload(account.GroupIDs)); err != nil {
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue account update failed: account=%d err=%v", account.ID, err)
 	}
-	if account.Status == service.StatusError || account.Status == service.StatusDisabled || !account.Schedulable {
-		r.syncSchedulerAccountSnapshot(ctx, account.ID)
-	}
+	// 普通账号编辑（如 model_mapping / credentials）也需要立即刷新单账号快照，
+	// 否则网关在 outbox worker 延迟或异常时仍可能读到旧配置。
+	r.syncSchedulerAccountSnapshot(ctx, account.ID)
 	return nil
 }
 

backend/internal/repository/account_repo_integration_test.go

@@ -142,6 +142,35 @@ func (s *AccountRepoSuite) TestUpdate_SyncSchedulerSnapshotOnDisabled() {
 	s.Require().Equal(service.StatusDisabled, cacheRecorder.setAccounts[0].Status)
 }
 
+func (s *AccountRepoSuite) TestUpdate_SyncSchedulerSnapshotOnCredentialsChange() {
+	account := mustCreateAccount(s.T(), s.client, &service.Account{
+		Name:        "sync-credentials-update",
+		Status:      service.StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{
+			"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+				"gpt-5": "gpt-5.1",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	cacheRecorder := &schedulerCacheRecorder{}
+	s.repo.schedulerCache = cacheRecorder
+
+	account.Credentials = map[string]any{
+		"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+			"gpt-5": "gpt-5.2",
+		},
+	}
+	err := s.repo.Update(s.ctx, account)
+	s.Require().NoError(err, "Update")
+
+	s.Require().Len(cacheRecorder.setAccounts, 1)
+	s.Require().Equal(account.ID, cacheRecorder.setAccounts[0].ID)
+	mapping, ok := cacheRecorder.setAccounts[0].Credentials["model_mapping"].(map[string]any)
+	s.Require().True(ok)
+	s.Require().Equal("gpt-5.2", mapping["gpt-5"])
+}
+
 func (s *AccountRepoSuite) TestDelete() {
 	account := mustCreateAccount(s.T(), s.client, &service.Account{Name: "to-delete"})
 

backend/internal/repository/api_key_repo.go

@@ -164,7 +164,6 @@ func (r *apiKeyRepository) GetByKeyForAuth(ctx context.Context, key string) (*se
 				group.FieldModelRoutingEnabled,
 				group.FieldModelRouting,
 				group.FieldMcpXMLInject,
-				group.FieldSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 				group.FieldSupportedModelScopes,
 				group.FieldAllowMessagesDispatch,
 				group.FieldDefaultMappedModel,
@@ -646,7 +645,6 @@ func groupEntityToService(g *dbent.Group) *service.Group {
 		ModelRouting:                    g.ModelRouting,
 		ModelRoutingEnabled:             g.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    g.McpXMLInject,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        g.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            g.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SortOrder:                       g.SortOrder,
 		AllowMessagesDispatch:           g.AllowMessagesDispatch,

backend/internal/repository/dashboard_aggregation_repo.go

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ type dashboardAggregationRepository struct {
 	sql sqlExecutor
 }
 
+const usageLogsCleanupBatchSize = 10000
+const usageBillingDedupCleanupBatchSize = 10000
+
 // NewDashboardAggregationRepository 创建仪表盘预聚合仓储。
 func NewDashboardAggregationRepository(sqlDB *sql.DB) service.DashboardAggregationRepository {
 	if sqlDB == nil {
@@ -42,6 +45,9 @@ func isPostgresDriver(db *sql.DB) bool {
 }
 
 func (r *dashboardAggregationRepository) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.Time) error {
+	if r == nil || r.sql == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
 	loc := timezone.Location()
 	startLocal := start.In(loc)
 	endLocal := end.In(loc)
@@ -61,6 +67,22 @@ func (r *dashboardAggregationRepository) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, sta
 		dayEnd = dayEnd.Add(24 * time.Hour)
 	}
 
+	if db, ok := r.sql.(*sql.DB); ok {
+		tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		txRepo := newDashboardAggregationRepositoryWithSQL(tx)
+		if err := txRepo.aggregateRangeInTx(ctx, hourStart, hourEnd, dayStart, dayEnd); err != nil {
+			_ = tx.Rollback()
+			return err
+		}
+		return tx.Commit()
+	}
+	return r.aggregateRangeInTx(ctx, hourStart, hourEnd, dayStart, dayEnd)
+}
+
+func (r *dashboardAggregationRepository) aggregateRangeInTx(ctx context.Context, hourStart, hourEnd, dayStart, dayEnd time.Time) error {
 	// 以桶边界聚合，允许覆盖 end 所在桶的剩余区间。
 	if err := r.insertHourlyActiveUsers(ctx, hourStart, hourEnd); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -195,8 +217,58 @@ func (r *dashboardAggregationRepository) CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, c
 	if isPartitioned {
 		return r.dropUsageLogsPartitions(ctx, cutoff)
 	}
-	_, err = r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, "DELETE FROM usage_logs WHERE created_at < $1", cutoff.UTC())
-	return err
+	for {
+		res, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, `
+			WITH victims AS (
+				SELECT ctid
+				FROM usage_logs
+				WHERE created_at < $1
+				LIMIT $2
+			)
+			DELETE FROM usage_logs
+			WHERE ctid IN (SELECT ctid FROM victims)
+		`, cutoff.UTC(), usageLogsCleanupBatchSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if affected < usageLogsCleanupBatchSize {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *dashboardAggregationRepository) CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	for {
+		res, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, `
+			WITH victims AS (
+				SELECT ctid, request_id, api_key_id, request_fingerprint, created_at
+				FROM usage_billing_dedup
+				WHERE created_at < $1
+				LIMIT $2
+			), archived AS (
+				INSERT INTO usage_billing_dedup_archive (request_id, api_key_id, request_fingerprint, created_at)
+				SELECT request_id, api_key_id, request_fingerprint, created_at
+				FROM victims
+				ON CONFLICT (request_id, api_key_id) DO NOTHING
+			)
+			DELETE FROM usage_billing_dedup
+			WHERE ctid IN (SELECT ctid FROM victims)
+		`, cutoff.UTC(), usageBillingDedupCleanupBatchSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if affected < usageBillingDedupCleanupBatchSize {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func (r *dashboardAggregationRepository) EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error {

backend/internal/repository/fixtures_integration_test.go

@@ -262,6 +262,42 @@ func mustCreateApiKey(t *testing.T, client *dbent.Client, k *service.APIKey) *se
 		SetKey(k.Key).
 		SetName(k.Name).
 		SetStatus(k.Status)
+	if k.Quota != 0 {
+		create.SetQuota(k.Quota)
+	}
+	if k.QuotaUsed != 0 {
+		create.SetQuotaUsed(k.QuotaUsed)
+	}
+	if k.RateLimit5h != 0 {
+		create.SetRateLimit5h(k.RateLimit5h)
+	}
+	if k.RateLimit1d != 0 {
+		create.SetRateLimit1d(k.RateLimit1d)
+	}
+	if k.RateLimit7d != 0 {
+		create.SetRateLimit7d(k.RateLimit7d)
+	}
+	if k.Usage5h != 0 {
+		create.SetUsage5h(k.Usage5h)
+	}
+	if k.Usage1d != 0 {
+		create.SetUsage1d(k.Usage1d)
+	}
+	if k.Usage7d != 0 {
+		create.SetUsage7d(k.Usage7d)
+	}
+	if k.Window5hStart != nil {
+		create.SetWindow5hStart(*k.Window5hStart)
+	}
+	if k.Window1dStart != nil {
+		create.SetWindow1dStart(*k.Window1dStart)
+	}
+	if k.Window7dStart != nil {
+		create.SetWindow7dStart(*k.Window7dStart)
+	}
+	if k.ExpiresAt != nil {
+		create.SetExpiresAt(*k.ExpiresAt)
+	}
 	if k.GroupID != nil {
 		create.SetGroupID(*k.GroupID)
 	}

backend/internal/repository/group_repo.go

@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ func (r *groupRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, groupIn *service.Group) er
 		SetMcpXMLInject(groupIn.MCPXMLInject).
 		SetSoraStorageQuotaBytes(groupIn.SoraStorageQuotaBytes).
 		SetAllowMessagesDispatch(groupIn.AllowMessagesDispatch).
-		SetDefaultMappedModel(groupIn.DefaultMappedModel).
-		SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(groupIn.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
+		SetDefaultMappedModel(groupIn.DefaultMappedModel)
 
 	// 设置模型路由配置
 	if groupIn.ModelRouting != nil {
@@ -130,8 +129,7 @@ func (r *groupRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, groupIn *service.Group) er
 		SetMcpXMLInject(groupIn.MCPXMLInject).
 		SetSoraStorageQuotaBytes(groupIn.SoraStorageQuotaBytes).
 		SetAllowMessagesDispatch(groupIn.AllowMessagesDispatch).
-		SetDefaultMappedModel(groupIn.DefaultMappedModel).
-		SetSimulateClaudeMaxEnabled(groupIn.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
+		SetDefaultMappedModel(groupIn.DefaultMappedModel)
 
 	// 显式处理可空字段：nil 需要 clear，非 nil 需要 set。
 	if groupIn.DailyLimitUSD != nil {

backend/internal/repository/migrations_schema_integration_test.go

@@ -45,6 +45,20 @@ func TestMigrationsRunner_IsIdempotent_AndSchemaIsUpToDate(t *testing.T) {
 	requireColumn(t, tx, "usage_logs", "request_type", "smallint", 0, false)
 	requireColumn(t, tx, "usage_logs", "openai_ws_mode", "boolean", 0, false)
 
+	// usage_billing_dedup: billing idempotency narrow table
+	var usageBillingDedupRegclass sql.NullString
+	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "SELECT to_regclass('public.usage_billing_dedup')").Scan(&usageBillingDedupRegclass))
+	require.True(t, usageBillingDedupRegclass.Valid, "expected usage_billing_dedup table to exist")
+	requireColumn(t, tx, "usage_billing_dedup", "request_fingerprint", "character varying", 64, false)
+	requireIndex(t, tx, "usage_billing_dedup", "idx_usage_billing_dedup_request_api_key")
+	requireIndex(t, tx, "usage_billing_dedup", "idx_usage_billing_dedup_created_at_brin")
+
+	var usageBillingDedupArchiveRegclass sql.NullString
+	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "SELECT to_regclass('public.usage_billing_dedup_archive')").Scan(&usageBillingDedupArchiveRegclass))
+	require.True(t, usageBillingDedupArchiveRegclass.Valid, "expected usage_billing_dedup_archive table to exist")
+	requireColumn(t, tx, "usage_billing_dedup_archive", "request_fingerprint", "character varying", 64, false)
+	requireIndex(t, tx, "usage_billing_dedup_archive", "usage_billing_dedup_archive_pkey")
+
 	// settings table should exist
 	var settingsRegclass sql.NullString
 	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "SELECT to_regclass('public.settings')").Scan(&settingsRegclass))
@@ -75,6 +89,23 @@ func TestMigrationsRunner_IsIdempotent_AndSchemaIsUpToDate(t *testing.T) {
 	requireColumn(t, tx, "user_allowed_groups", "created_at", "timestamp with time zone", 0, false)
 }
 
+func requireIndex(t *testing.T, tx *sql.Tx, table, index string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var exists bool
+	err := tx.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), `
+SELECT EXISTS (
+	SELECT 1
+	FROM pg_indexes
+	WHERE schemaname = 'public'
+	  AND tablename = $1
+	  AND indexname = $2
+)
+`, table, index).Scan(&exists)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "query pg_indexes for %s.%s", table, index)
+	require.True(t, exists, "expected index %s on %s", index, table)
+}
+
 func requireColumn(t *testing.T, tx *sql.Tx, table, column, dataType string, maxLen int, nullable bool) {
 	t.Helper()
 

backend/internal/repository/req_client_pool.go

@@ -73,3 +73,14 @@ func buildReqClientKey(opts reqClientOptions) string {
 		opts.ForceHTTP2,
 	)
 }
+
+// CreatePrivacyReqClient creates an HTTP client for OpenAI privacy settings API
+// This is exported for use by OpenAIPrivacyService
+// Uses Chrome TLS fingerprint impersonation to bypass Cloudflare checks
+func CreatePrivacyReqClient(proxyURL string) (*req.Client, error) {
+	return getSharedReqClient(reqClientOptions{
+		ProxyURL:    proxyURL,
+		Timeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		Impersonate: true, // Enable Chrome TLS fingerprint impersonation
+	})
+}

backend/internal/repository/usage_billing_repo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+
+	dbent "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+type usageBillingRepository struct {
+	db *sql.DB
+}
+
+func NewUsageBillingRepository(_ *dbent.Client, sqlDB *sql.DB) service.UsageBillingRepository {
+	return &usageBillingRepository{db: sqlDB}
+}
+
+func (r *usageBillingRepository) Apply(ctx context.Context, cmd *service.UsageBillingCommand) (_ *service.UsageBillingApplyResult, err error) {
+	if cmd == nil {
+		return &service.UsageBillingApplyResult{}, nil
+	}
+	if r == nil || r.db == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("usage billing repository db is nil")
+	}
+
+	cmd.Normalize()
+	if cmd.RequestID == "" {
+		return nil, service.ErrUsageBillingRequestIDRequired
+	}
+
+	tx, err := r.db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if tx != nil {
+			_ = tx.Rollback()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	applied, err := r.claimUsageBillingKey(ctx, tx, cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !applied {
+		return &service.UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: false}, nil
+	}
+
+	result := &service.UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}
+	if err := r.applyUsageBillingEffects(ctx, tx, cmd, result); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tx = nil
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (r *usageBillingRepository) claimUsageBillingKey(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, cmd *service.UsageBillingCommand) (bool, error) {
+	var id int64
+	err := tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO usage_billing_dedup (request_id, api_key_id, request_fingerprint)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
+		ON CONFLICT (request_id, api_key_id) DO NOTHING
+		RETURNING id
+	`, cmd.RequestID, cmd.APIKeyID, cmd.RequestFingerprint).Scan(&id)
+	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+		var existingFingerprint string
+		if err := tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+			SELECT request_fingerprint
+			FROM usage_billing_dedup
+			WHERE request_id = $1 AND api_key_id = $2
+		`, cmd.RequestID, cmd.APIKeyID).Scan(&existingFingerprint); err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		if strings.TrimSpace(existingFingerprint) != strings.TrimSpace(cmd.RequestFingerprint) {
+			return false, service.ErrUsageBillingRequestConflict
+		}
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	var archivedFingerprint string
+	err = tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		SELECT request_fingerprint
+		FROM usage_billing_dedup_archive
+		WHERE request_id = $1 AND api_key_id = $2
+	`, cmd.RequestID, cmd.APIKeyID).Scan(&archivedFingerprint)
+	if err == nil {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(archivedFingerprint) != strings.TrimSpace(cmd.RequestFingerprint) {
+			return false, service.ErrUsageBillingRequestConflict
+		}
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (r *usageBillingRepository) applyUsageBillingEffects(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, cmd *service.UsageBillingCommand, result *service.UsageBillingApplyResult) error {
+	if cmd.SubscriptionCost > 0 && cmd.SubscriptionID != nil {
+		if err := incrementUsageBillingSubscription(ctx, tx, *cmd.SubscriptionID, cmd.SubscriptionCost); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cmd.BalanceCost > 0 {
+		if err := deductUsageBillingBalance(ctx, tx, cmd.UserID, cmd.BalanceCost); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cmd.APIKeyQuotaCost > 0 {
+		exhausted, err := incrementUsageBillingAPIKeyQuota(ctx, tx, cmd.APIKeyID, cmd.APIKeyQuotaCost)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		result.APIKeyQuotaExhausted = exhausted
+	}
+
+	if cmd.APIKeyRateLimitCost > 0 {
+		if err := incrementUsageBillingAPIKeyRateLimit(ctx, tx, cmd.APIKeyID, cmd.APIKeyRateLimitCost); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cmd.AccountQuotaCost > 0 && strings.EqualFold(cmd.AccountType, service.AccountTypeAPIKey) {
+		if err := incrementUsageBillingAccountQuota(ctx, tx, cmd.AccountID, cmd.AccountQuotaCost); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func incrementUsageBillingSubscription(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, subscriptionID int64, costUSD float64) error {
+	const updateSQL = `
+		UPDATE user_subscriptions us
+		SET
+			daily_usage_usd = us.daily_usage_usd + $1,
+			weekly_usage_usd = us.weekly_usage_usd + $1,
+			monthly_usage_usd = us.monthly_usage_usd + $1,
+			updated_at = NOW()
+		FROM groups g
+		WHERE us.id = $2
+			AND us.deleted_at IS NULL
+			AND us.group_id = g.id
+			AND g.deleted_at IS NULL
+	`
+	res, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, updateSQL, costUSD, subscriptionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if affected > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return service.ErrSubscriptionNotFound
+}
+
+func deductUsageBillingBalance(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, userID int64, amount float64) error {
+	res, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE users
+		SET balance = balance - $1,
+			updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+	`, amount, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if affected > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return service.ErrUserNotFound
+}
+
+func incrementUsageBillingAPIKeyQuota(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, apiKeyID int64, amount float64) (bool, error) {
+	var exhausted bool
+	err := tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE api_keys
+		SET quota_used = quota_used + $1,
+			status = CASE
+				WHEN quota > 0
+					AND status = $3
+					AND quota_used < quota
+					AND quota_used + $1 >= quota
+				THEN $4
+				ELSE status
+			END,
+			updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+		RETURNING quota > 0 AND quota_used >= quota AND quota_used - $1 < quota
+	`, amount, apiKeyID, service.StatusAPIKeyActive, service.StatusAPIKeyQuotaExhausted).Scan(&exhausted)
+	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+		return false, service.ErrAPIKeyNotFound
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return exhausted, nil
+}
+
+func incrementUsageBillingAPIKeyRateLimit(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error {
+	res, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE api_keys SET
+			usage_5h = CASE WHEN window_5h_start IS NOT NULL AND window_5h_start + INTERVAL '5 hours' <= NOW() THEN $1 ELSE usage_5h + $1 END,
+			usage_1d = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN $1 ELSE usage_1d + $1 END,
+			usage_7d = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN $1 ELSE usage_7d + $1 END,
+			window_5h_start = CASE WHEN window_5h_start IS NULL OR window_5h_start + INTERVAL '5 hours' <= NOW() THEN NOW() ELSE window_5h_start END,
+			window_1d_start = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NULL OR window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN date_trunc('day', NOW()) ELSE window_1d_start END,
+			window_7d_start = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NULL OR window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN date_trunc('day', NOW()) ELSE window_7d_start END,
+			updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+	`, cost, apiKeyID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if affected == 0 {
+		return service.ErrAPIKeyNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func incrementUsageBillingAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, accountID int64, amount float64) error {
+	rows, err := tx.QueryContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = (
+			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb)
+			|| jsonb_build_object('quota_used', COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0) + $1)
+			|| CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_limit')::numeric, 0) > 0 THEN
+				jsonb_build_object(
+					'quota_daily_used',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '24 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN $1
+					ELSE COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_used')::numeric, 0) + $1 END,
+					'quota_daily_start',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '24 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN `+nowUTC+`
+					ELSE COALESCE(extra->>'quota_daily_start', `+nowUTC+`) END
+				)
+			ELSE '{}'::jsonb END
+			|| CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_limit')::numeric, 0) > 0 THEN
+				jsonb_build_object(
+					'quota_weekly_used',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '168 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN $1
+					ELSE COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_used')::numeric, 0) + $1 END,
+					'quota_weekly_start',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '168 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN `+nowUTC+`
+					ELSE COALESCE(extra->>'quota_weekly_start', `+nowUTC+`) END
+				)
+			ELSE '{}'::jsonb END
+		), updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+		RETURNING
+			COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0),
+			COALESCE((extra->>'quota_limit')::numeric, 0)`,
+		amount, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
+
+	var newUsed, limit float64
+	if rows.Next() {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&newUsed, &limit); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return service.ErrAccountNotFound
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if limit > 0 && newUsed >= limit && (newUsed-amount) < limit {
+		if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, tx, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &accountID, nil, nil); err != nil {
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.usage_billing", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue quota exceeded failed: account=%d err=%v", accountID, err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/usage_billing_repo_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+func TestUsageBillingRepositoryApply_DeduplicatesBalanceBilling(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := NewUsageBillingRepository(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{
+		Email:        fmt.Sprintf("usage-billing-user-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		PasswordHash: "hash",
+		Balance:      100,
+	})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{
+		UserID: user.ID,
+		Key:    "sk-usage-billing-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Name:   "billing",
+		Quota:  1,
+	})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{
+		Name: "usage-billing-account-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Type: service.AccountTypeAPIKey,
+	})
+
+	requestID := uuid.NewString()
+	cmd := &service.UsageBillingCommand{
+		RequestID:           requestID,
+		APIKeyID:            apiKey.ID,
+		UserID:              user.ID,
+		AccountID:           account.ID,
+		AccountType:         service.AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		BalanceCost:         1.25,
+		APIKeyQuotaCost:     1.25,
+		APIKeyRateLimitCost: 1.25,
+	}
+
+	result1, err := repo.Apply(ctx, cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result1)
+	require.True(t, result1.Applied)
+	require.True(t, result1.APIKeyQuotaExhausted)
+
+	result2, err := repo.Apply(ctx, cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result2)
+	require.False(t, result2.Applied)
+
+	var balance float64
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT balance FROM users WHERE id = $1", user.ID).Scan(&balance))
+	require.InDelta(t, 98.75, balance, 0.000001)
+
+	var quotaUsed float64
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT quota_used FROM api_keys WHERE id = $1", apiKey.ID).Scan(&quotaUsed))
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.25, quotaUsed, 0.000001)
+
+	var usage5h float64
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT usage_5h FROM api_keys WHERE id = $1", apiKey.ID).Scan(&usage5h))
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.25, usage5h, 0.000001)
+
+	var status string
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT status FROM api_keys WHERE id = $1", apiKey.ID).Scan(&status))
+	require.Equal(t, service.StatusAPIKeyQuotaExhausted, status)
+
+	var dedupCount int
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_billing_dedup WHERE request_id = $1 AND api_key_id = $2", requestID, apiKey.ID).Scan(&dedupCount))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, dedupCount)
+}
+
+func TestUsageBillingRepositoryApply_DeduplicatesSubscriptionBilling(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := NewUsageBillingRepository(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{
+		Email:        fmt.Sprintf("usage-billing-sub-user-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		PasswordHash: "hash",
+	})
+	group := mustCreateGroup(t, client, &service.Group{
+		Name:             "usage-billing-group-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Platform:         service.PlatformAnthropic,
+		SubscriptionType: service.SubscriptionTypeSubscription,
+	})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{
+		UserID:  user.ID,
+		GroupID: &group.ID,
+		Key:     "sk-usage-billing-sub-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Name:    "billing-sub",
+	})
+	subscription := mustCreateSubscription(t, client, &service.UserSubscription{
+		UserID:  user.ID,
+		GroupID: group.ID,
+	})
+
+	requestID := uuid.NewString()
+	cmd := &service.UsageBillingCommand{
+		RequestID:        requestID,
+		APIKeyID:         apiKey.ID,
+		UserID:           user.ID,
+		AccountID:        0,
+		SubscriptionID:   &subscription.ID,
+		SubscriptionCost: 2.5,
+	}
+
+	result1, err := repo.Apply(ctx, cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, result1.Applied)
+
+	result2, err := repo.Apply(ctx, cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, result2.Applied)
+
+	var dailyUsage float64
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT daily_usage_usd FROM user_subscriptions WHERE id = $1", subscription.ID).Scan(&dailyUsage))
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.5, dailyUsage, 0.000001)
+}
+
+func TestUsageBillingRepositoryApply_RequestFingerprintConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := NewUsageBillingRepository(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{
+		Email:        fmt.Sprintf("usage-billing-conflict-user-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		PasswordHash: "hash",
+		Balance:      100,
+	})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{
+		UserID: user.ID,
+		Key:    "sk-usage-billing-conflict-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Name:   "billing-conflict",
+	})
+
+	requestID := uuid.NewString()
+	_, err := repo.Apply(ctx, &service.UsageBillingCommand{
+		RequestID:   requestID,
+		APIKeyID:    apiKey.ID,
+		UserID:      user.ID,
+		BalanceCost: 1.25,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = repo.Apply(ctx, &service.UsageBillingCommand{
+		RequestID:   requestID,
+		APIKeyID:    apiKey.ID,
+		UserID:      user.ID,
+		BalanceCost: 2.50,
+	})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, service.ErrUsageBillingRequestConflict)
+}
+
+func TestUsageBillingRepositoryApply_UpdatesAccountQuota(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := NewUsageBillingRepository(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{
+		Email:        fmt.Sprintf("usage-billing-account-user-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		PasswordHash: "hash",
+	})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{
+		UserID: user.ID,
+		Key:    "sk-usage-billing-account-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Name:   "billing-account",
+	})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{
+		Name: "usage-billing-account-quota-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Type: service.AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"quota_limit": 100.0,
+		},
+	})
+
+	_, err := repo.Apply(ctx, &service.UsageBillingCommand{
+		RequestID:        uuid.NewString(),
+		APIKeyID:         apiKey.ID,
+		UserID:           user.ID,
+		AccountID:        account.ID,
+		AccountType:      service.AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		AccountQuotaCost: 3.5,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var quotaUsed float64
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0) FROM accounts WHERE id = $1", account.ID).Scan(&quotaUsed))
+	require.InDelta(t, 3.5, quotaUsed, 0.000001)
+}
+
+func TestDashboardAggregationRepositoryCleanupUsageBillingDedup_BatchDeletesOldRows(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	repo := newDashboardAggregationRepositoryWithSQL(integrationDB)
+
+	oldRequestID := "dedup-old-" + uuid.NewString()
+	newRequestID := "dedup-new-" + uuid.NewString()
+	oldCreatedAt := time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -400)
+	newCreatedAt := time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour)
+
+	_, err := integrationDB.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO usage_billing_dedup (request_id, api_key_id, request_fingerprint, created_at)
+		VALUES ($1, 1, $2, $3), ($4, 1, $5, $6)
+	`,
+		oldRequestID, strings.Repeat("a", 64), oldCreatedAt,
+		newRequestID, strings.Repeat("b", 64), newCreatedAt,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, repo.CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx, time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -365)))
+
+	var oldCount int
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_billing_dedup WHERE request_id = $1", oldRequestID).Scan(&oldCount))
+	require.Equal(t, 0, oldCount)
+
+	var newCount int
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_billing_dedup WHERE request_id = $1", newRequestID).Scan(&newCount))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, newCount)
+
+	var archivedCount int
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_billing_dedup_archive WHERE request_id = $1", oldRequestID).Scan(&archivedCount))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, archivedCount)
+}
+
+func TestUsageBillingRepositoryApply_DeduplicatesAgainstArchivedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := NewUsageBillingRepository(client, integrationDB)
+	aggRepo := newDashboardAggregationRepositoryWithSQL(integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{
+		Email:        fmt.Sprintf("usage-billing-archive-user-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		PasswordHash: "hash",
+		Balance:      100,
+	})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{
+		UserID: user.ID,
+		Key:    "sk-usage-billing-archive-" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Name:   "billing-archive",
+	})
+
+	requestID := uuid.NewString()
+	cmd := &service.UsageBillingCommand{
+		RequestID:   requestID,
+		APIKeyID:    apiKey.ID,
+		UserID:      user.ID,
+		BalanceCost: 1.25,
+	}
+
+	result1, err := repo.Apply(ctx, cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, result1.Applied)
+
+	_, err = integrationDB.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE usage_billing_dedup
+		SET created_at = $1
+		WHERE request_id = $2 AND api_key_id = $3
+	`, time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -400), requestID, apiKey.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, aggRepo.CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx, time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -365)))
+
+	result2, err := repo.Apply(ctx, cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, result2.Applied)
+
+	var balance float64
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT balance FROM users WHERE id = $1", user.ID).Scan(&balance))
+	require.InDelta(t, 98.75, balance, 0.000001)
+}

backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_integration_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ package repository
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/timezone"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/usagestats"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/suite"
 )
 
@@ -84,6 +87,367 @@ func (s *UsageLogRepoSuite) TestCreate() {
 	s.Require().NotZero(log.ID)
 }
 
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreate_BatchPathConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-batch-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-batch-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-batch-" + uuid.NewString()})
+
+	const total = 16
+	results := make([]bool, total)
+	errs := make([]error, total)
+	logs := make([]*service.UsageLog, total)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(total)
+	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
+		i := i
+		logs[i] = &service.UsageLog{
+			UserID:       user.ID,
+			APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+			AccountID:    account.ID,
+			RequestID:    uuid.NewString(),
+			Model:        "claude-3",
+			InputTokens:  10 + i,
+			OutputTokens: 20 + i,
+			TotalCost:    0.5,
+			ActualCost:   0.5,
+			CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+		}
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			results[i], errs[i] = repo.Create(ctx, logs[i])
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
+		require.NoError(t, errs[i])
+		require.True(t, results[i])
+		require.NotZero(t, logs[i].ID)
+	}
+
+	var count int
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_logs WHERE api_key_id = $1", apiKey.ID).Scan(&count))
+	require.Equal(t, total, count)
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreate_BatchPathDuplicateRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-dup-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-dup-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-dup-" + uuid.NewString()})
+	requestID := uuid.NewString()
+
+	log1 := &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    requestID,
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	log2 := &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    requestID,
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+
+	inserted1, err1 := repo.Create(ctx, log1)
+	inserted2, err2 := repo.Create(ctx, log2)
+	require.NoError(t, err1)
+	require.NoError(t, err2)
+	require.True(t, inserted1)
+	require.False(t, inserted2)
+	require.Equal(t, log1.ID, log2.ID)
+
+	var count int
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_logs WHERE request_id = $1 AND api_key_id = $2", requestID, apiKey.ID).Scan(&count))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, count)
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryFlushCreateBatch_DeduplicatesSameKeyInMemory(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-batch-memdup-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-batch-memdup-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-batch-memdup-" + uuid.NewString()})
+	requestID := uuid.NewString()
+
+	const total = 8
+	batch := make([]usageLogCreateRequest, 0, total)
+	logs := make([]*service.UsageLog, 0, total)
+
+	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
+		log := &service.UsageLog{
+			UserID:       user.ID,
+			APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+			AccountID:    account.ID,
+			RequestID:    requestID,
+			Model:        "claude-3",
+			InputTokens:  10 + i,
+			OutputTokens: 20 + i,
+			TotalCost:    0.5,
+			ActualCost:   0.5,
+			CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+		}
+		logs = append(logs, log)
+		batch = append(batch, usageLogCreateRequest{
+			log:      log,
+			prepared: prepareUsageLogInsert(log),
+			resultCh: make(chan usageLogCreateResult, 1),
+		})
+	}
+
+	repo.flushCreateBatch(integrationDB, batch)
+
+	insertedCount := 0
+	var firstID int64
+	for idx, req := range batch {
+		res := <-req.resultCh
+		require.NoError(t, res.err)
+		if res.inserted {
+			insertedCount++
+		}
+		require.NotZero(t, logs[idx].ID)
+		if idx == 0 {
+			firstID = logs[idx].ID
+		} else {
+			require.Equal(t, firstID, logs[idx].ID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, insertedCount)
+
+	var count int
+	require.NoError(t, integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_logs WHERE request_id = $1 AND api_key_id = $2", requestID, apiKey.ID).Scan(&count))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, count)
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreateBestEffort_BatchPathDuplicateRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-best-effort-dup-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-best-effort-dup-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-best-effort-dup-" + uuid.NewString()})
+	requestID := uuid.NewString()
+
+	log1 := &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    requestID,
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	log2 := &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    requestID,
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, repo.CreateBestEffort(ctx, log1))
+	require.NoError(t, repo.CreateBestEffort(ctx, log2))
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		var count int
+		err := integrationDB.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM usage_logs WHERE request_id = $1 AND api_key_id = $2", requestID, apiKey.ID).Scan(&count)
+		return err == nil && count == 1
+	}, 3*time.Second, 20*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreateBestEffort_QueueFullReturnsDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+	repo.bestEffortBatchCh = make(chan usageLogBestEffortRequest, 1)
+	repo.bestEffortBatchCh <- usageLogBestEffortRequest{}
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-best-effort-full-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-best-effort-full-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-best-effort-full-" + uuid.NewString()})
+
+	err := repo.CreateBestEffort(ctx, &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    uuid.NewString(),
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.True(t, service.IsUsageLogCreateDropped(err))
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreate_BatchPathCanceledContextMarksNotPersisted(t *testing.T) {
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-cancel-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-cancel-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-cancel-" + uuid.NewString()})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	inserted, err := repo.Create(ctx, &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    uuid.NewString(),
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	})
+
+	require.False(t, inserted)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.True(t, service.IsUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(err))
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreate_BatchPathQueueFullMarksNotPersisted(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+	repo.createBatchCh = make(chan usageLogCreateRequest, 1)
+	repo.createBatchCh <- usageLogCreateRequest{}
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-create-full-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-create-full-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-create-full-" + uuid.NewString()})
+
+	inserted, err := repo.Create(ctx, &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    uuid.NewString(),
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	})
+
+	require.False(t, inserted)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.True(t, service.IsUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(err))
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreate_BatchPathCanceledAfterQueueMarksNotPersisted(t *testing.T) {
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+	repo.createBatchCh = make(chan usageLogCreateRequest, 1)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-cancel-queued-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-cancel-queued-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-cancel-queued-" + uuid.NewString()})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+
+	go func() {
+		_, err := repo.createBatched(ctx, &service.UsageLog{
+			UserID:       user.ID,
+			APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+			AccountID:    account.ID,
+			RequestID:    uuid.NewString(),
+			Model:        "claude-3",
+			InputTokens:  10,
+			OutputTokens: 20,
+			TotalCost:    0.5,
+			ActualCost:   0.5,
+			CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+		})
+		errCh <- err
+	}()
+
+	req := <-repo.createBatchCh
+	require.NotNil(t, req.shared)
+	cancel()
+
+	err := <-errCh
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.True(t, service.IsUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(err))
+	completeUsageLogCreateRequest(req, usageLogCreateResult{inserted: false, err: service.MarkUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(context.Canceled)})
+}
+
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryFlushCreateBatch_CanceledRequestReturnsNotPersisted(t *testing.T) {
+	client := testEntClient(t)
+	repo := newUsageLogRepositoryWithSQL(client, integrationDB)
+
+	user := mustCreateUser(t, client, &service.User{Email: fmt.Sprintf("usage-flush-cancel-%d@example.com", time.Now().UnixNano())})
+	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(t, client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-usage-flush-cancel-" + uuid.NewString(), Name: "k"})
+	account := mustCreateAccount(t, client, &service.Account{Name: "acc-usage-flush-cancel-" + uuid.NewString()})
+
+	log := &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       user.ID,
+		APIKeyID:     apiKey.ID,
+		AccountID:    account.ID,
+		RequestID:    uuid.NewString(),
+		Model:        "claude-3",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 20,
+		TotalCost:    0.5,
+		ActualCost:   0.5,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	req := usageLogCreateRequest{
+		log:      log,
+		prepared: prepareUsageLogInsert(log),
+		shared:   &usageLogCreateShared{},
+		resultCh: make(chan usageLogCreateResult, 1),
+	}
+	req.shared.state.Store(usageLogCreateStateCanceled)
+
+	repo.flushCreateBatch(integrationDB, []usageLogCreateRequest{req})
+
+	res := <-req.resultCh
+	require.False(t, res.inserted)
+	require.Error(t, res.err)
+	require.True(t, service.IsUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(res.err))
+}
+
 func (s *UsageLogRepoSuite) TestGetByID() {
 	user := mustCreateUser(s.T(), s.client, &service.User{Email: "getbyid@test.com"})
 	apiKey := mustCreateApiKey(s.T(), s.client, &service.APIKey{UserID: user.ID, Key: "sk-getbyid", Name: "k"})

backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_request_type_test.go

@@ -248,6 +248,35 @@ func TestUsageLogRepositoryGetStatsWithFiltersRequestTypePriority(t *testing.T)
 	require.NoError(t, mock.ExpectationsWereMet())
 }
 
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryGetUserSpendingRanking(t *testing.T) {
+	db, mock := newSQLMock(t)
+	repo := &usageLogRepository{sql: db}
+
+	start := time.Date(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	end := start.Add(24 * time.Hour)
+
+	rows := sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"user_id", "email", "actual_cost", "requests", "tokens", "total_actual_cost"}).
+		AddRow(int64(2), "beta@example.com", 12.5, int64(9), int64(900), 40.0).
+		AddRow(int64(1), "alpha@example.com", 12.5, int64(8), int64(800), 40.0).
+		AddRow(int64(3), "gamma@example.com", 4.25, int64(5), int64(300), 40.0)
+
+	mock.ExpectQuery("WITH user_spend AS \\(").
+		WithArgs(start, end, 12).
+		WillReturnRows(rows)
+
+	got, err := repo.GetUserSpendingRanking(context.Background(), start, end, 12)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, &usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse{
+		Ranking: []usagestats.UserSpendingRankingItem{
+			{UserID: 2, Email: "beta@example.com", ActualCost: 12.5, Requests: 9, Tokens: 900},
+			{UserID: 1, Email: "alpha@example.com", ActualCost: 12.5, Requests: 8, Tokens: 800},
+			{UserID: 3, Email: "gamma@example.com", ActualCost: 4.25, Requests: 5, Tokens: 300},
+		},
+		TotalActualCost: 40.0,
+	}, got)
+	require.NoError(t, mock.ExpectationsWereMet())
+}
+
 func TestBuildRequestTypeFilterConditionLegacyFallback(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name      string

backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_unit_test.go

@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
 package repository
 
 import (
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -39,3 +42,26 @@ func TestSafeDateFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestBuildUsageLogBatchInsertQuery_UsesConflictDoNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	log := &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:       1,
+		APIKeyID:     2,
+		AccountID:    3,
+		RequestID:    "req-batch-no-update",
+		Model:        "gpt-5",
+		InputTokens:  10,
+		OutputTokens: 5,
+		TotalCost:    1.2,
+		ActualCost:   1.2,
+		CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	prepared := prepareUsageLogInsert(log)
+
+	query, _ := buildUsageLogBatchInsertQuery([]string{usageLogBatchKey(log.RequestID, log.APIKeyID)}, map[string]usageLogInsertPrepared{
+		usageLogBatchKey(log.RequestID, log.APIKeyID): prepared,
+	})
+
+	require.Contains(t, query, "ON CONFLICT (request_id, api_key_id) DO NOTHING")
+	require.NotContains(t, strings.ToUpper(query), "DO UPDATE")
+}

backend/internal/repository/user_group_rate_repo.go

@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ func (r *userGroupRateRepository) GetByUserIDs(ctx context.Context, userIDs []in
 // GetByGroupID 获取指定分组下所有用户的专属倍率
 func (r *userGroupRateRepository) GetByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupID int64) ([]service.UserGroupRateEntry, error) {
 	query := `
-		SELECT ugr.user_id, u.email, ugr.rate_multiplier
+		SELECT ugr.user_id, u.username, u.email, COALESCE(u.notes, ''), u.status, ugr.rate_multiplier
 		FROM user_group_rate_multipliers ugr
-		JOIN users u ON u.id = ugr.user_id AND u.deleted_at IS NULL
+		JOIN users u ON u.id = ugr.user_id
 		WHERE ugr.group_id = $1
 		ORDER BY ugr.user_id
 	`
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (r *userGroupRateRepository) GetByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupID int6
 	var result []service.UserGroupRateEntry
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var entry service.UserGroupRateEntry
-		if err := rows.Scan(&entry.UserID, &entry.UserEmail, &entry.RateMultiplier); err != nil {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&entry.UserID, &entry.UserName, &entry.UserEmail, &entry.UserNotes, &entry.UserStatus, &entry.RateMultiplier); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		result = append(result, entry)
@@ -193,6 +193,31 @@ func (r *userGroupRateRepository) SyncUserGroupRates(ctx context.Context, userID
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SyncGroupRateMultipliers 批量同步分组的用户专属倍率（先删后插）
+func (r *userGroupRateRepository) SyncGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, groupID int64, entries []service.GroupRateMultiplierInput) error {
+	if _, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM user_group_rate_multipliers WHERE group_id = $1`, groupID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(entries) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	userIDs := make([]int64, len(entries))
+	rates := make([]float64, len(entries))
+	for i, e := range entries {
+		userIDs[i] = e.UserID
+		rates[i] = e.RateMultiplier
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	_, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO user_group_rate_multipliers (user_id, group_id, rate_multiplier, created_at, updated_at)
+		SELECT data.user_id, $1::bigint, data.rate_multiplier, $2::timestamptz, $2::timestamptz
+		FROM unnest($3::bigint[], $4::double precision[]) AS data(user_id, rate_multiplier)
+		ON CONFLICT (user_id, group_id)
+		DO UPDATE SET rate_multiplier = EXCLUDED.rate_multiplier, updated_at = EXCLUDED.updated_at
+	`, groupID, now, pq.Array(userIDs), pq.Array(rates))
+	return err
+}
+
 // DeleteByGroupID 删除指定分组的所有用户专属倍率
 func (r *userGroupRateRepository) DeleteByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupID int64) error {
 	_, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM user_group_rate_multipliers WHERE group_id = $1`, groupID)

backend/internal/repository/wire.go

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ var ProviderSet = wire.NewSet(
 	NewAnnouncementRepository,
 	NewAnnouncementReadRepository,
 	NewUsageLogRepository,
+	NewUsageBillingRepository,
 	NewIdempotencyRepository,
 	NewUsageCleanupRepository,
 	NewDashboardAggregationRepository,

backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go

@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ func newContractDeps(t *testing.T) *contractDeps {
 	settingRepo := newStubSettingRepo()
 	settingService := service.NewSettingService(settingRepo, cfg)
 
-	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepo, groupRepo, &accountRepo, nil, proxyRepo, apiKeyRepo, redeemRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepo, groupRepo, &accountRepo, nil, proxyRepo, apiKeyRepo, redeemRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 	authHandler := handler.NewAuthHandler(cfg, nil, userService, settingService, nil, redeemService, nil)
 	apiKeyHandler := handler.NewAPIKeyHandler(apiKeyService)
 	usageHandler := handler.NewUsageHandler(usageService, apiKeyService)
@@ -1635,6 +1635,10 @@ func (r *stubUsageLogRepo) GetUserUsageTrend(ctx context.Context, startTime, end
 	return nil, errors.New("not implemented")
 }
 
+func (r *stubUsageLogRepo) GetUserSpendingRanking(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, limit int) (*usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("not implemented")
+}
+
 func (r *stubUsageLogRepo) GetUserStatsAggregated(ctx context.Context, userID int64, startTime, endTime time.Time) (*usagestats.UsageStats, error) {
 	logs := r.userLogs[userID]
 	if len(logs) == 0 {

backend/internal/server/routes/admin.go

@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ func registerDashboardRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup, h *handler.Handlers) {
 		dashboard.GET("/groups", h.Admin.Dashboard.GetGroupStats)
 		dashboard.GET("/api-keys-trend", h.Admin.Dashboard.GetAPIKeyUsageTrend)
 		dashboard.GET("/users-trend", h.Admin.Dashboard.GetUserUsageTrend)
+		dashboard.GET("/users-ranking", h.Admin.Dashboard.GetUserSpendingRanking)
 		dashboard.POST("/users-usage", h.Admin.Dashboard.GetBatchUsersUsage)
 		dashboard.POST("/api-keys-usage", h.Admin.Dashboard.GetBatchAPIKeysUsage)
 		dashboard.POST("/aggregation/backfill", h.Admin.Dashboard.BackfillAggregation)
@@ -229,6 +230,8 @@ func registerGroupRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup, h *handler.Handlers) {
 		groups.DELETE("/:id", h.Admin.Group.Delete)
 		groups.GET("/:id/stats", h.Admin.Group.GetStats)
 		groups.GET("/:id/rate-multipliers", h.Admin.Group.GetGroupRateMultipliers)
+		groups.PUT("/:id/rate-multipliers", h.Admin.Group.BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers)
+		groups.DELETE("/:id/rate-multipliers", h.Admin.Group.ClearGroupRateMultipliers)
 		groups.GET("/:id/api-keys", h.Admin.Group.GetGroupAPIKeys)
 	}
 }

backend/internal/service/account.go

@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@ func (a *Account) resolveModelMapping(rawMapping map[string]any) map[string]stri
 		if a.Platform == domain.PlatformAntigravity {
 			return domain.DefaultAntigravityModelMapping
 		}
+		// Bedrock 默认映射由 forwardBedrock 统一处理（需配合 region prefix 调整）
 		return nil
 	}
 	if len(rawMapping) == 0 {
@@ -521,16 +522,23 @@ func (a *Account) IsModelSupported(requestedModel string) bool {
 // GetMappedModel 获取映射后的模型名（支持通配符，最长优先匹配）
 // 如果未配置 mapping，返回原始模型名
 func (a *Account) GetMappedModel(requestedModel string) string {
+	mappedModel, _ := a.ResolveMappedModel(requestedModel)
+	return mappedModel
+}
+
+// ResolveMappedModel 获取映射后的模型名，并返回是否命中了账号级映射。
+// matched=true 表示命中了精确映射或通配符映射，即使映射结果与原模型名相同。
+func (a *Account) ResolveMappedModel(requestedModel string) (mappedModel string, matched bool) {
 	mapping := a.GetModelMapping()
 	if len(mapping) == 0 {
-		return requestedModel
+		return requestedModel, false
 	}
 	// 精确匹配优先
 	if mappedModel, exists := mapping[requestedModel]; exists {
-		return mappedModel
+		return mappedModel, true
 	}
 	// 通配符匹配（最长优先）
-	return matchWildcardMapping(mapping, requestedModel)
+	return matchWildcardMappingResult(mapping, requestedModel)
 }
 
 func (a *Account) GetBaseURL() string {
@@ -604,9 +612,7 @@ func matchWildcard(pattern, str string) bool {
 	return matchAntigravityWildcard(pattern, str)
 }
 
-// matchWildcardMapping 通配符映射匹配（最长优先）
-// 如果没有匹配，返回原始字符串
-func matchWildcardMapping(mapping map[string]string, requestedModel string) string {
+func matchWildcardMappingResult(mapping map[string]string, requestedModel string) (string, bool) {
 	// 收集所有匹配的 pattern，按长度降序排序（最长优先）
 	type patternMatch struct {
 		pattern string
@@ -621,7 +627,7 @@ func matchWildcardMapping(mapping map[string]string, requestedModel string) stri
 	}
 
 	if len(matches) == 0 {
-		return requestedModel // 无匹配，返回原始模型名
+		return requestedModel, false // 无匹配，返回原始模型名
 	}
 
 	// 按 pattern 长度降序排序
@@ -632,7 +638,7 @@ func matchWildcardMapping(mapping map[string]string, requestedModel string) stri
 		return matches[i].pattern < matches[j].pattern
 	})
 
-	return matches[0].target
+	return matches[0].target, true
 }
 
 func (a *Account) IsCustomErrorCodesEnabled() bool {
@@ -764,6 +770,14 @@ func (a *Account) IsInterceptWarmupEnabled() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (a *Account) IsBedrock() bool {
+	return a.Platform == PlatformAnthropic && (a.Type == AccountTypeBedrock || a.Type == AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey)
+}
+
+func (a *Account) IsBedrockAPIKey() bool {
+	return a.Platform == PlatformAnthropic && a.Type == AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey
+}
+
 func (a *Account) IsOpenAI() bool {
 	return a.Platform == PlatformOpenAI
 }

backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go

@@ -207,14 +207,14 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testClaudeAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 		testModelID = claude.DefaultTestModel
 	}
 
-	// For API Key accounts with model mapping, map the model
+	// API Key 账号测试连接时也需要应用通配符模型映射。
 	if account.Type == "apikey" {
-		mapping := account.GetModelMapping()
-		if len(mapping) > 0 {
-			if mappedModel, exists := mapping[testModelID]; exists {
-				testModelID = mappedModel
-			}
-		}
+		testModelID = account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)
+	}
+
+	// Bedrock accounts use a separate test path
+	if account.IsBedrock() {
+		return s.testBedrockAccountConnection(c, ctx, account, testModelID)
 	}
 
 	// Determine authentication method and API URL
@@ -312,6 +312,109 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testClaudeAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 	return s.processClaudeStream(c, resp.Body)
 }
 
+// testBedrockAccountConnection tests a Bedrock (SigV4 or API Key) account using non-streaming invoke
+func (s *AccountTestService) testBedrockAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, testModelID string) error {
+	region := bedrockRuntimeRegion(account)
+	resolvedModelID, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, testModelID)
+	if !ok {
+		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported Bedrock model: %s", testModelID))
+	}
+	testModelID = resolvedModelID
+
+	// Set SSE headers (test UI expects SSE)
+	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
+	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
+	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
+	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
+	c.Writer.Flush()
+
+	// Create a minimal Bedrock-compatible payload (no stream, no cache_control)
+	bedrockPayload := map[string]any{
+		"anthropic_version": "bedrock-2023-05-31",
+		"messages": []map[string]any{
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"type": "text",
+						"text": "hi",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		"max_tokens":  256,
+		"temperature": 1,
+	}
+	bedrockBody, _ := json.Marshal(bedrockPayload)
+
+	// Use non-streaming endpoint (response is standard Claude JSON)
+	apiURL := BuildBedrockURL(region, testModelID, false)
+
+	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", apiURL, bytes.NewReader(bedrockBody))
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	// Sign or set auth based on account type
+	if account.IsBedrockAPIKey() {
+		apiKey := account.GetCredential("api_key")
+		if apiKey == "" {
+			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No API key available")
+		}
+		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
+	} else {
+		signer, err := NewBedrockSignerFromAccount(account)
+		if err != nil {
+			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to create Bedrock signer: %s", err.Error()))
+		}
+		if err := signer.SignRequest(ctx, req, bedrockBody); err != nil {
+			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to sign request: %s", err.Error()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	proxyURL := ""
+	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
+		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
+	}
+
+	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
+	}
+
+	// Bedrock non-streaming response is standard Claude JSON, extract the text
+	var result struct {
+		Content []struct {
+			Text string `json:"text"`
+		} `json:"content"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse response: %s", err.Error()))
+	}
+
+	text := ""
+	if len(result.Content) > 0 {
+		text = result.Content[0].Text
+	}
+	if text == "" {
+		text = "(empty response)"
+	}
+
+	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text})
+	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
+	return nil
+}
+
 // testOpenAIAccountConnection tests an OpenAI account's connection
 func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string) error {
 	ctx := c.Request.Context()

backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ type UsageLogRepository interface {
 	GetGroupStatsWithFilters(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, userID, apiKeyID, accountID, groupID int64, requestType *int16, stream *bool, billingType *int8) ([]usagestats.GroupStat, error)
 	GetAPIKeyUsageTrend(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, granularity string, limit int) ([]usagestats.APIKeyUsageTrendPoint, error)
 	GetUserUsageTrend(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, granularity string, limit int) ([]usagestats.UserUsageTrendPoint, error)
+	GetUserSpendingRanking(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, limit int) (*usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse, error)
 	GetBatchUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userIDs []int64, startTime, endTime time.Time) (map[int64]*usagestats.BatchUserUsageStats, error)
 	GetBatchAPIKeyUsageStats(ctx context.Context, apiKeyIDs []int64, startTime, endTime time.Time) (map[int64]*usagestats.BatchAPIKeyUsageStats, error)
 

backend/internal/service/account_wildcard_test.go

@@ -43,12 +43,13 @@ func TestMatchWildcard(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestMatchWildcardMapping(t *testing.T) {
+func TestMatchWildcardMappingResult(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name           string
 		mapping        map[string]string
 		requestedModel string
 		expected       string
+		matched        bool
 	}{
 		// 精确匹配优先于通配符
 		{
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ func TestMatchWildcardMapping(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			requestedModel: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
 			expected:       "claude-sonnet-4-5-exact",
+			matched:        true,
 		},
 
 		// 最长通配符优先
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ func TestMatchWildcardMapping(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			requestedModel: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
 			expected:       "claude-sonnet-4-series",
+			matched:        true,
 		},
 
 		// 单个通配符
@@ -81,6 +84,7 @@ func TestMatchWildcardMapping(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			requestedModel: "claude-opus-4-5",
 			expected:       "claude-mapped",
+			matched:        true,
 		},
 
 		// 无匹配返回原始模型
@@ -91,6 +95,7 @@ func TestMatchWildcardMapping(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			requestedModel: "gemini-3-flash",
 			expected:       "gemini-3-flash",
+			matched:        false,
 		},
 
 		// 空映射返回原始模型
@@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ func TestMatchWildcardMapping(t *testing.T) {
 			mapping:        map[string]string{},
 			requestedModel: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
 			expected:       "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			matched:        false,
 		},
 
 		// Gemini 模型映射
@@ -110,14 +116,15 @@ func TestMatchWildcardMapping(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			requestedModel: "gemini-3-flash-preview",
 			expected:       "gemini-3-pro-high",
+			matched:        true,
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := matchWildcardMapping(tt.mapping, tt.requestedModel)
-			if result != tt.expected {
-				t.Errorf("matchWildcardMapping(%v, %q) = %q, want %q", tt.mapping, tt.requestedModel, result, tt.expected)
+			result, matched := matchWildcardMappingResult(tt.mapping, tt.requestedModel)
+			if result != tt.expected || matched != tt.matched {
+				t.Errorf("matchWildcardMappingResult(%v, %q) = (%q, %v), want (%q, %v)", tt.mapping, tt.requestedModel, result, matched, tt.expected, tt.matched)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -268,6 +275,69 @@ func TestAccountGetMappedModel(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAccountResolveMappedModel(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		credentials    map[string]any
+		requestedModel string
+		expectedModel  string
+		expectedMatch  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "no mapping reports unmatched",
+			credentials:    nil,
+			requestedModel: "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedModel:  "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedMatch:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "exact passthrough mapping still counts as matched",
+			credentials: map[string]any{
+				"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+					"gpt-5.4": "gpt-5.4",
+				},
+			},
+			requestedModel: "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedModel:  "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedMatch:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wildcard passthrough mapping still counts as matched",
+			credentials: map[string]any{
+				"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+					"gpt-*": "gpt-5.4",
+				},
+			},
+			requestedModel: "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedModel:  "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedMatch:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing mapping reports unmatched",
+			credentials: map[string]any{
+				"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+					"gpt-5.2": "gpt-5.2",
+				},
+			},
+			requestedModel: "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedModel:  "gpt-5.4",
+			expectedMatch:  false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			account := &Account{
+				Credentials: tt.credentials,
+			}
+			mappedModel, matched := account.ResolveMappedModel(tt.requestedModel)
+			if mappedModel != tt.expectedModel || matched != tt.expectedMatch {
+				t.Fatalf("ResolveMappedModel(%q) = (%q, %v), want (%q, %v)", tt.requestedModel, mappedModel, matched, tt.expectedModel, tt.expectedMatch)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAccountGetModelMapping_AntigravityEnsuresGeminiDefaultPassthroughs(t *testing.T) {
 	account := &Account{
 		Platform: PlatformAntigravity,

backend/internal/service/admin_service.go

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ type AdminService interface {
 	DeleteGroup(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 	GetGroupAPIKeys(ctx context.Context, groupID int64, page, pageSize int) ([]APIKey, int64, error)
 	GetGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, groupID int64) ([]UserGroupRateEntry, error)
+	ClearGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, groupID int64) error
+	BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, groupID int64, entries []GroupRateMultiplierInput) error
 	UpdateGroupSortOrders(ctx context.Context, updates []GroupSortOrderUpdate) error
 
 	// API Key management (admin)
@@ -58,6 +60,8 @@ type AdminService interface {
 	RefreshAccountCredentials(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*Account, error)
 	ClearAccountError(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*Account, error)
 	SetAccountError(ctx context.Context, id int64, errorMsg string) error
+	// EnsureOpenAIPrivacy 检查 OpenAI OAuth 账号 privacy_mode，未设置则尝试关闭训练数据共享并持久化。
+	EnsureOpenAIPrivacy(ctx context.Context, account *Account) string
 	SetAccountSchedulable(ctx context.Context, id int64, schedulable bool) (*Account, error)
 	BulkUpdateAccounts(ctx context.Context, input *BulkUpdateAccountsInput) (*BulkUpdateAccountsResult, error)
 	CheckMixedChannelRisk(ctx context.Context, currentAccountID int64, currentAccountPlatform string, groupIDs []int64) error
@@ -139,10 +143,9 @@ type CreateGroupInput struct {
 	// 无效请求兜底分组 ID（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64
-	ModelRoutingEnabled      bool // 是否启用模型路由
-	MCPXMLInject             *bool
-	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool
+	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64
+	ModelRoutingEnabled bool // 是否启用模型路由
+	MCPXMLInject        *bool
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes []string
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -179,10 +182,9 @@ type UpdateGroupInput struct {
 	// 无效请求兜底分组 ID（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
 	FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest *int64
 	// 模型路由配置（仅 anthropic 平台使用）
-	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64
-	ModelRoutingEnabled      *bool // 是否启用模型路由
-	MCPXMLInject             *bool
-	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled *bool
+	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64
+	ModelRoutingEnabled *bool // 是否启用模型路由
+	MCPXMLInject        *bool
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes *[]string
 	// Sora 存储配额
@@ -366,10 +368,6 @@ type ProxyExitInfoProber interface {
 	ProbeProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyURL string) (*ProxyExitInfo, int64, error)
 }
 
-type groupExistenceBatchReader interface {
-	ExistsByIDs(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) (map[int64]bool, error)
-}
-
 type proxyQualityTarget struct {
 	Target          string
 	URL             string
@@ -440,12 +438,17 @@ type adminServiceImpl struct {
 	settingService       *SettingService
 	defaultSubAssigner   DefaultSubscriptionAssigner
 	userSubRepo          UserSubscriptionRepository
+	privacyClientFactory PrivacyClientFactory
 }
 
 type userGroupRateBatchReader interface {
 	GetByUserIDs(ctx context.Context, userIDs []int64) (map[int64]map[int64]float64, error)
 }
 
+type groupExistenceBatchReader interface {
+	ExistsByIDs(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) (map[int64]bool, error)
+}
+
 // NewAdminService creates a new AdminService
 func NewAdminService(
 	userRepo UserRepository,
@@ -464,6 +467,7 @@ func NewAdminService(
 	settingService *SettingService,
 	defaultSubAssigner DefaultSubscriptionAssigner,
 	userSubRepo UserSubscriptionRepository,
+	privacyClientFactory PrivacyClientFactory,
 ) AdminService {
 	return &adminServiceImpl{
 		userRepo:             userRepo,
@@ -482,6 +486,7 @@ func NewAdminService(
 		settingService:       settingService,
 		defaultSubAssigner:   defaultSubAssigner,
 		userSubRepo:          userSubRepo,
+		privacyClientFactory: privacyClientFactory,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -863,13 +868,6 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, input *CreateGroupIn
 	if input.MCPXMLInject != nil {
 		mcpXMLInject = *input.MCPXMLInject
 	}
-	simulateClaudeMaxEnabled := false
-	if input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled != nil {
-		if platform != PlatformAnthropic && *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
-		}
-		simulateClaudeMaxEnabled = *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled
-	}
 
 	// 如果指定了复制账号的源分组，先获取账号 ID 列表
 	var accountIDsToCopy []int64
@@ -926,7 +924,6 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, input *CreateGroupIn
 		FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest: fallbackOnInvalidRequest,
 		ModelRouting:                    input.ModelRouting,
 		MCPXMLInject:                    mcpXMLInject,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        simulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 		SupportedModelScopes:            input.SupportedModelScopes,
 		SoraStorageQuotaBytes:           input.SoraStorageQuotaBytes,
 		AllowMessagesDispatch:           input.AllowMessagesDispatch,
@@ -1138,15 +1135,6 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *Upd
 	if input.MCPXMLInject != nil {
 		group.MCPXMLInject = *input.MCPXMLInject
 	}
-	if input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled != nil {
-		if group.Platform != PlatformAnthropic && *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
-		}
-		group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = *input.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled
-	}
-	if group.Platform != PlatformAnthropic {
-		group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled = false
-	}
 
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	if input.SupportedModelScopes != nil {
@@ -1271,6 +1259,20 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) GetGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, groupID
 	return s.userGroupRateRepo.GetByGroupID(ctx, groupID)
 }
 
+func (s *adminServiceImpl) ClearGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, groupID int64) error {
+	if s.userGroupRateRepo == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return s.userGroupRateRepo.DeleteByGroupID(ctx, groupID)
+}
+
+func (s *adminServiceImpl) BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, groupID int64, entries []GroupRateMultiplierInput) error {
+	if s.userGroupRateRepo == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return s.userGroupRateRepo.SyncGroupRateMultipliers(ctx, groupID, entries)
+}
+
 func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateGroupSortOrders(ctx context.Context, updates []GroupSortOrderUpdate) error {
 	return s.groupRepo.UpdateSortOrders(ctx, updates)
 }
@@ -2529,3 +2531,39 @@ func (e *MixedChannelError) Error() string {
 func (s *adminServiceImpl) ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	return s.accountRepo.ResetQuotaUsed(ctx, id)
 }
+
+// EnsureOpenAIPrivacy 检查 OpenAI OAuth 账号是否已设置 privacy_mode，
+// 未设置则调用 disableOpenAITraining 并持久化到 Extra，返回设置的 mode 值。
+func (s *adminServiceImpl) EnsureOpenAIPrivacy(ctx context.Context, account *Account) string {
+	if account.Platform != PlatformOpenAI || account.Type != AccountTypeOAuth {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if s.privacyClientFactory == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if account.Extra != nil {
+		if _, ok := account.Extra["privacy_mode"]; ok {
+			return ""
+		}
+	}
+
+	token, _ := account.Credentials["access_token"].(string)
+	if token == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var proxyURL string
+	if account.ProxyID != nil {
+		if p, err := s.proxyRepo.GetByID(ctx, *account.ProxyID); err == nil && p != nil {
+			proxyURL = p.URL()
+		}
+	}
+
+	mode := disableOpenAITraining(ctx, s.privacyClientFactory, token, proxyURL)
+	if mode == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, map[string]any{"privacy_mode": mode})
+	return mode
+}

backend/internal/service/admin_service_bulk_update_test.go

@@ -43,16 +43,6 @@ func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) BindGroups(_ context.Context, accountID i
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) ListByGroup(_ context.Context, groupID int64) ([]Account, error) {
-	if err, ok := s.listByGroupErr[groupID]; ok {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if rows, ok := s.listByGroupData[groupID]; ok {
-		return rows, nil
-	}
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
 func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) GetByIDs(_ context.Context, ids []int64) ([]*Account, error) {
 	s.getByIDsCalled = true
 	s.getByIDsIDs = append([]int64{}, ids...)
@@ -73,6 +63,16 @@ func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) GetByID(_ context.Context, id int64) (*Ac
 	return nil, errors.New("account not found")
 }
 
+func (s *accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate) ListByGroup(_ context.Context, groupID int64) ([]Account, error) {
+	if err, ok := s.listByGroupErr[groupID]; ok {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if rows, ok := s.listByGroupData[groupID]; ok {
+		return rows, nil
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 // TestAdminService_BulkUpdateAccounts_AllSuccessIDs 验证批量更新成功时返回 success_ids/failed_ids。
 func TestAdminService_BulkUpdateAccounts_AllSuccessIDs(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := &accountRepoStubForBulkUpdate{}

backend/internal/service/admin_service_group_rate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate implements UserGroupRateRepository for group rate tests.
+type userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate struct {
+	getByGroupIDData map[int64][]UserGroupRateEntry
+	getByGroupIDErr  error
+
+	deletedGroupIDs  []int64
+	deleteByGroupErr error
+
+	syncedGroupID int64
+	syncedEntries []GroupRateMultiplierInput
+	syncGroupErr  error
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate) GetByUserID(_ context.Context, _ int64) (map[int64]float64, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetByUserID call")
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate) GetByUserAndGroup(_ context.Context, _, _ int64) (*float64, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetByUserAndGroup call")
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate) GetByGroupID(_ context.Context, groupID int64) ([]UserGroupRateEntry, error) {
+	if s.getByGroupIDErr != nil {
+		return nil, s.getByGroupIDErr
+	}
+	return s.getByGroupIDData[groupID], nil
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate) SyncUserGroupRates(_ context.Context, _ int64, _ map[int64]*float64) error {
+	panic("unexpected SyncUserGroupRates call")
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate) SyncGroupRateMultipliers(_ context.Context, groupID int64, entries []GroupRateMultiplierInput) error {
+	s.syncedGroupID = groupID
+	s.syncedEntries = entries
+	return s.syncGroupErr
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate) DeleteByGroupID(_ context.Context, groupID int64) error {
+	s.deletedGroupIDs = append(s.deletedGroupIDs, groupID)
+	return s.deleteByGroupErr
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate) DeleteByUserID(_ context.Context, _ int64) error {
+	panic("unexpected DeleteByUserID call")
+}
+
+func TestAdminService_GetGroupRateMultipliers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns entries for group", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate{
+			getByGroupIDData: map[int64][]UserGroupRateEntry{
+				10: {
+					{UserID: 1, UserName: "alice", UserEmail: "alice@test.com", RateMultiplier: 1.5},
+					{UserID: 2, UserName: "bob", UserEmail: "bob@test.com", RateMultiplier: 0.8},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: repo}
+
+		entries, err := svc.GetGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 10)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, entries, 2)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(1), entries[0].UserID)
+		require.Equal(t, "alice", entries[0].UserName)
+		require.Equal(t, 1.5, entries[0].RateMultiplier)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(2), entries[1].UserID)
+		require.Equal(t, 0.8, entries[1].RateMultiplier)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns nil when repo is nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: nil}
+
+		entries, err := svc.GetGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 10)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Nil(t, entries)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns empty slice for group with no entries", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate{
+			getByGroupIDData: map[int64][]UserGroupRateEntry{},
+		}
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: repo}
+
+		entries, err := svc.GetGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 99)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Nil(t, entries)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("propagates repo error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate{
+			getByGroupIDErr: errors.New("db error"),
+		}
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: repo}
+
+		_, err := svc.GetGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 10)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "db error")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAdminService_ClearGroupRateMultipliers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("deletes by group ID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate{}
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: repo}
+
+		err := svc.ClearGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 42)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, []int64{42}, repo.deletedGroupIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns nil when repo is nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: nil}
+
+		err := svc.ClearGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 42)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("propagates repo error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate{
+			deleteByGroupErr: errors.New("delete failed"),
+		}
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: repo}
+
+		err := svc.ClearGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 42)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "delete failed")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAdminService_BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("syncs entries to repo", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate{}
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: repo}
+
+		entries := []GroupRateMultiplierInput{
+			{UserID: 1, RateMultiplier: 1.5},
+			{UserID: 2, RateMultiplier: 0.8},
+		}
+		err := svc.BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 10, entries)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(10), repo.syncedGroupID)
+		require.Equal(t, entries, repo.syncedEntries)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns nil when repo is nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: nil}
+
+		err := svc.BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 10, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("propagates repo error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &userGroupRateRepoStubForGroupRate{
+			syncGroupErr: errors.New("sync failed"),
+		}
+		svc := &adminServiceImpl{userGroupRateRepo: repo}
+
+		err := svc.BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(context.Background(), 10, []GroupRateMultiplierInput{
+			{UserID: 1, RateMultiplier: 1.0},
+		})
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "sync failed")
+	})
+}

backend/internal/service/admin_service_group_test.go

@@ -785,57 +785,3 @@ func TestAdminService_UpdateGroup_InvalidRequestFallbackAllowsAntigravity(t *tes
 	require.NotNil(t, repo.updated)
 	require.Equal(t, fallbackID, *repo.updated.FallbackGroupIDOnInvalidRequest)
 }
-
-func TestAdminService_CreateGroup_SimulateClaudeMaxRequiresAnthropic(t *testing.T) {
-	repo := &groupRepoStubForAdmin{}
-	svc := &adminServiceImpl{groupRepo: repo}
-
-	enabled := true
-	_, err := svc.CreateGroup(context.Background(), &CreateGroupInput{
-		Name:                     "openai-group",
-		Platform:                 PlatformOpenAI,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: &enabled,
-	})
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
-	require.Nil(t, repo.created)
-}
-
-func TestAdminService_UpdateGroup_SimulateClaudeMaxRequiresAnthropic(t *testing.T) {
-	existingGroup := &Group{
-		ID:       1,
-		Name:     "openai-group",
-		Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
-		Status:   StatusActive,
-	}
-	repo := &groupRepoStubForAdmin{getByID: existingGroup}
-	svc := &adminServiceImpl{groupRepo: repo}
-
-	enabled := true
-	_, err := svc.UpdateGroup(context.Background(), 1, &UpdateGroupInput{
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: &enabled,
-	})
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "simulate_claude_max_enabled only supported for anthropic groups")
-	require.Nil(t, repo.updated)
-}
-
-func TestAdminService_UpdateGroup_ClearsSimulateClaudeMaxWhenPlatformChanges(t *testing.T) {
-	existingGroup := &Group{
-		ID:                       1,
-		Name:                     "anthropic-group",
-		Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
-		Status:                   StatusActive,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: true,
-	}
-	repo := &groupRepoStubForAdmin{getByID: existingGroup}
-	svc := &adminServiceImpl{groupRepo: repo}
-
-	group, err := svc.UpdateGroup(context.Background(), 1, &UpdateGroupInput{
-		Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, group)
-	require.NotNil(t, repo.updated)
-	require.False(t, repo.updated.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled)
-}

backend/internal/service/admin_service_list_users_test.go

@@ -68,11 +68,15 @@ func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForListUsers) SyncUserGroupRates(_ context.Context
 	panic("unexpected SyncUserGroupRates call")
 }
 
-func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForListUsers) GetByGroupID(_ context.Context, groupID int64) ([]UserGroupRateEntry, error) {
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForListUsers) GetByGroupID(_ context.Context, _ int64) ([]UserGroupRateEntry, error) {
 	panic("unexpected GetByGroupID call")
 }
 
-func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForListUsers) DeleteByGroupID(_ context.Context, groupID int64) error {
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForListUsers) SyncGroupRateMultipliers(_ context.Context, _ int64, _ []GroupRateMultiplierInput) error {
+	panic("unexpected SyncGroupRateMultipliers call")
+}
+
+func (s *userGroupRateRepoStubForListUsers) DeleteByGroupID(_ context.Context, _ int64) error {
 	panic("unexpected DeleteByGroupID call")
 }
 

backend/internal/service/antigravity_gateway_service.go

@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 	var clientDisconnect bool
 	if claudeReq.Stream {
 		// 客户端要求流式，直接透传转换
-		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, startTime, originalModel, account.ID)
+		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, startTime, originalModel)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.antigravity_gateway", "%s status=stream_error error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, err
@@ -1683,7 +1683,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		clientDisconnect = streamRes.clientDisconnect
 	} else {
 		// 客户端要求非流式，收集流式响应后转换返回
-		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c, resp, startTime, originalModel, account.ID)
+		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c, resp, startTime, originalModel)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.antigravity_gateway", "%s status=stream_collect_error error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, err
@@ -1692,9 +1692,6 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		firstTokenMs = streamRes.firstTokenMs
 	}
 
-	// Claude Max cache billing: 同步 ForwardResult.Usage 与客户端响应体一致
-	applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(usage, parsedRequestFromGinContext(c), claudeMaxGroupFromGinContext(c), originalModel, account.ID)
-
 	return &ForwardResult{
 		RequestID:        requestID,
 		Usage:            *usage,
@@ -3598,7 +3595,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) writeGoogleError(c *gin.Context, status int,
 
 // handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming 收集上游流式响应，转换为 Claude 非流式格式返回
 // 用于处理客户端非流式请求但上游只支持流式的情况
-func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string, accountID int64) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
+func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamToNonStreaming(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
 	maxLineSize := defaultMaxLineSize
 	if s.settingService.cfg != nil && s.settingService.cfg.Gateway.MaxLineSize > 0 {
@@ -3756,9 +3753,6 @@ returnResponse:
 		return nil, s.writeClaudeError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Failed to parse upstream response")
 	}
 
-	// Claude Max cache billing simulation (non-streaming)
-	claudeResp = applyClaudeMaxNonStreamingRewrite(c, claudeResp, agUsage, originalModel, accountID)
-
 	c.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json", claudeResp)
 
 	// 转换为 service.ClaudeUsage
@@ -3773,7 +3767,7 @@ returnResponse:
 }
 
 // handleClaudeStreamingResponse 处理 Claude 流式响应（Gemini SSE → Claude SSE 转换）
-func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string, accountID int64) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
+func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c *gin.Context, resp *http.Response, startTime time.Time, originalModel string) (*antigravityStreamResult, error) {
 	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
 	c.Header("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
 	c.Header("Connection", "keep-alive")
@@ -3786,8 +3780,6 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c *gin.Context
 	}
 
 	processor := antigravity.NewStreamingProcessor(originalModel)
-	setupClaudeMaxStreamingHook(c, processor, originalModel, accountID)
-
 	var firstTokenMs *int
 	// 使用 Scanner 并限制单行大小，避免 ReadString 无上限导致 OOM
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)

backend/internal/service/antigravity_gateway_service_test.go

@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_NormalComplete(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(pw, "")
 	}()
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5", 0)
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5")
 	_ = pr.Close()
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_ThoughtsTokenCount(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(pw, "")
 	}()
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "gemini-2.5-pro", 0)
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "gemini-2.5-pro")
 	_ = pr.Close()
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_ClientDisconnect(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(pw, "")
 	}()
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5", 0)
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5")
 	_ = pr.Close()
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_EmptyStream(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(pw, "")
 	}()
 
-	_, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5", 0)
+	_, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5")
 	_ = pr.Close()
 
 	// 应当返回 UpstreamFailoverError 而非 nil，以便上层触发 failover
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ func TestHandleClaudeStreamingResponse_ContextCanceled(t *testing.T) {
 
 	resp := &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Body: cancelReadCloser{}, Header: http.Header{}}
 
-	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5", 0)
+	result, err := svc.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, time.Now(), "claude-sonnet-4-5")
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, result)

backend/internal/service/api_key_auth_cache.go

@@ -59,10 +59,9 @@ type APIKeyAuthGroupSnapshot struct {
 
 	// Model routing is used by gateway account selection, so it must be part of auth cache snapshot.
 	// Only anthropic groups use these fields; others may leave them empty.
-	ModelRouting             map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing,omitempty"`
-	ModelRoutingEnabled      bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
-	MCPXMLInject             bool               `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
-	SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled bool               `json:"simulate_claude_max_enabled"`
+	ModelRouting        map[string][]int64 `json:"model_routing,omitempty"`
+	ModelRoutingEnabled bool               `json:"model_routing_enabled"`
+	MCPXMLInject        bool               `json:"mcp_xml_inject"`
 
 	// 支持的模型系列（仅 antigravity 平台使用）
 	SupportedModelScopes []string `json:"supported_model_scopes,omitempty"`

backend/internal/service/api_key_auth_cache_impl.go

@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ func (s *APIKeyService) snapshotFromAPIKey(apiKey *APIKey) *APIKeyAuthSnapshot {
 			ModelRouting:                    apiKey.Group.ModelRouting,
 			ModelRoutingEnabled:             apiKey.Group.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 			MCPXMLInject:                    apiKey.Group.MCPXMLInject,
-			SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        apiKey.Group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 			SupportedModelScopes:            apiKey.Group.SupportedModelScopes,
 			AllowMessagesDispatch:           apiKey.Group.AllowMessagesDispatch,
 			DefaultMappedModel:              apiKey.Group.DefaultMappedModel,
@@ -304,7 +303,6 @@ func (s *APIKeyService) snapshotToAPIKey(key string, snapshot *APIKeyAuthSnapsho
 			ModelRouting:                    snapshot.Group.ModelRouting,
 			ModelRoutingEnabled:             snapshot.Group.ModelRoutingEnabled,
 			MCPXMLInject:                    snapshot.Group.MCPXMLInject,
-			SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled:        snapshot.Group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled,
 			SupportedModelScopes:            snapshot.Group.SupportedModelScopes,
 			AllowMessagesDispatch:           snapshot.Group.AllowMessagesDispatch,
 			DefaultMappedModel:              snapshot.Group.DefaultMappedModel,

backend/internal/service/bedrock_request.go

@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/domain"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
+)
+
+const defaultBedrockRegion = "us-east-1"
+
+var bedrockCrossRegionPrefixes = []string{"us.", "eu.", "apac.", "jp.", "au.", "us-gov.", "global."}
+
+// BedrockCrossRegionPrefix 根据 AWS Region 返回 Bedrock 跨区域推理的模型 ID 前缀
+// 参考: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/userguide/inference-profiles-support.html
+func BedrockCrossRegionPrefix(region string) string {
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(region, "us-gov"):
+		return "us-gov" // GovCloud 使用独立的 us-gov 前缀
+	case strings.HasPrefix(region, "us-"):
+		return "us"
+	case strings.HasPrefix(region, "eu-"):
+		return "eu"
+	case region == "ap-northeast-1":
+		return "jp" // 日本区域使用独立的 jp 前缀（AWS 官方定义）
+	case region == "ap-southeast-2":
+		return "au" // 澳大利亚区域使用独立的 au 前缀（AWS 官方定义）
+	case strings.HasPrefix(region, "ap-"):
+		return "apac" // 其余亚太区域使用通用 apac 前缀
+	case strings.HasPrefix(region, "ca-"):
+		return "us" // 加拿大区域使用 us 前缀的跨区域推理
+	case strings.HasPrefix(region, "sa-"):
+		return "us" // 南美区域使用 us 前缀的跨区域推理
+	default:
+		return "us"
+	}
+}
+
+// AdjustBedrockModelRegionPrefix 将模型 ID 的区域前缀替换为与当前 AWS Region 匹配的前缀
+// 例如 region=eu-west-1 时，"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1" → "eu.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"
+// 特殊值 region="global" 强制使用 global. 前缀
+func AdjustBedrockModelRegionPrefix(modelID, region string) string {
+	var targetPrefix string
+	if region == "global" {
+		targetPrefix = "global"
+	} else {
+		targetPrefix = BedrockCrossRegionPrefix(region)
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range bedrockCrossRegionPrefixes {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(modelID, p) {
+			if p == targetPrefix+"." {
+				return modelID // 前缀已匹配，无需替换
+			}
+			return targetPrefix + "." + modelID[len(p):]
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 模型 ID 没有已知区域前缀（如 "anthropic.claude-..."），不做修改
+	return modelID
+}
+
+func bedrockRuntimeRegion(account *Account) string {
+	if account == nil {
+		return defaultBedrockRegion
+	}
+	if region := account.GetCredential("aws_region"); region != "" {
+		return region
+	}
+	return defaultBedrockRegion
+}
+
+func shouldForceBedrockGlobal(account *Account) bool {
+	return account != nil && account.GetCredential("aws_force_global") == "true"
+}
+
+func isRegionalBedrockModelID(modelID string) bool {
+	for _, prefix := range bedrockCrossRegionPrefixes {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(modelID, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isLikelyBedrockModelID(modelID string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(modelID))
+	if lower == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(lower, "arn:") {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range []string{
+		"anthropic.",
+		"amazon.",
+		"meta.",
+		"mistral.",
+		"cohere.",
+		"ai21.",
+		"deepseek.",
+		"stability.",
+		"writer.",
+		"nova.",
+	} {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(lower, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return isRegionalBedrockModelID(lower)
+}
+
+func normalizeBedrockModelID(modelID string) (normalized string, shouldAdjustRegion bool, ok bool) {
+	modelID = strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
+	if modelID == "" {
+		return "", false, false
+	}
+	if mapped, exists := domain.DefaultBedrockModelMapping[modelID]; exists {
+		return mapped, true, true
+	}
+	if isRegionalBedrockModelID(modelID) {
+		return modelID, true, true
+	}
+	if isLikelyBedrockModelID(modelID) {
+		return modelID, false, true
+	}
+	return "", false, false
+}
+
+// ResolveBedrockModelID resolves a requested Claude model into a Bedrock model ID.
+// It applies account model_mapping first, then default Bedrock aliases, and finally
+// adjusts Anthropic cross-region prefixes to match the account region.
+func ResolveBedrockModelID(account *Account, requestedModel string) (string, bool) {
+	if account == nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	mappedModel := account.GetMappedModel(requestedModel)
+	modelID, shouldAdjustRegion, ok := normalizeBedrockModelID(mappedModel)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if shouldAdjustRegion {
+		targetRegion := bedrockRuntimeRegion(account)
+		if shouldForceBedrockGlobal(account) {
+			targetRegion = "global"
+		}
+		modelID = AdjustBedrockModelRegionPrefix(modelID, targetRegion)
+	}
+	return modelID, true
+}
+
+// BuildBedrockURL 构建 Bedrock InvokeModel 的 URL
+// stream=true 时使用 invoke-with-response-stream 端点
+// modelID 中的特殊字符会被 URL 编码（与 litellm 的 urllib.parse.quote(safe="") 对齐）
+func BuildBedrockURL(region, modelID string, stream bool) string {
+	if region == "" {
+		region = defaultBedrockRegion
+	}
+	encodedModelID := url.PathEscape(modelID)
+	// url.PathEscape 不编码冒号（RFC 允许 path 中出现 ":"），
+	// 但 AWS Bedrock 期望模型 ID 中的冒号被编码为 %3A
+	encodedModelID = strings.ReplaceAll(encodedModelID, ":", "%3A")
+	if stream {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("https://bedrock-runtime.%s.amazonaws.com/model/%s/invoke-with-response-stream", region, encodedModelID)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("https://bedrock-runtime.%s.amazonaws.com/model/%s/invoke", region, encodedModelID)
+}
+
+// PrepareBedrockRequestBody 处理请求体以适配 Bedrock API
+//  1. 注入 anthropic_version
+//  2. 注入 anthropic_beta（从客户端 anthropic-beta 头解析）
+//  3. 移除 Bedrock 不支持的字段（model, stream, output_format, output_config）
+//  4. 移除工具定义中的 custom 字段（Claude Code 会发送 custom: {defer_loading: true}）
+//  5. 清理 cache_control 中 Bedrock 不支持的字段（scope, ttl）
+func PrepareBedrockRequestBody(body []byte, modelID string, betaHeader string) ([]byte, error) {
+	betaTokens := ResolveBedrockBetaTokens(betaHeader, body, modelID)
+	return PrepareBedrockRequestBodyWithTokens(body, modelID, betaTokens)
+}
+
+// PrepareBedrockRequestBodyWithTokens prepares a Bedrock request using pre-resolved beta tokens.
+func PrepareBedrockRequestBodyWithTokens(body []byte, modelID string, betaTokens []string) ([]byte, error) {
+	var err error
+
+	// 注入 anthropic_version（Bedrock 要求）
+	body, err = sjson.SetBytes(body, "anthropic_version", "bedrock-2023-05-31")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("inject anthropic_version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// 注入 anthropic_beta（Bedrock Invoke 通过请求体传递 beta 头，而非 HTTP 头）
+	// 1. 从客户端 anthropic-beta header 解析
+	// 2. 根据请求体内容自动补齐必要的 beta token
+	//    参考 litellm: AnthropicModelInfo.get_anthropic_beta_list() + _get_tool_search_beta_header_for_bedrock()
+	if len(betaTokens) > 0 {
+		body, err = sjson.SetBytes(body, "anthropic_beta", betaTokens)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("inject anthropic_beta: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 移除 model 字段（Bedrock 通过 URL 指定模型）
+	body, err = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "model")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("remove model field: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// 移除 stream 字段（Bedrock 通过不同端点控制流式，不接受请求体中的 stream 字段）
+	body, err = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "stream")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("remove stream field: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// 转换 output_format（Bedrock Invoke 不支持此字段，但可将 schema 内联到最后一条 user message）
+	// 参考 litellm: _convert_output_format_to_inline_schema()
+	body = convertOutputFormatToInlineSchema(body)
+
+	// 移除 output_config 字段（Bedrock Invoke 不支持）
+	body, err = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "output_config")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("remove output_config field: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// 移除工具定义中的 custom 字段
+	// Claude Code (v2.1.69+) 在 tool 定义中发送 custom: {defer_loading: true}，
+	// Anthropic API 接受但 Bedrock 会拒绝并报 "Extra inputs are not permitted"
+	body = removeCustomFieldFromTools(body)
+
+	// 清理 cache_control 中 Bedrock 不支持的字段
+	body = sanitizeBedrockCacheControl(body, modelID)
+
+	return body, nil
+}
+
+// ResolveBedrockBetaTokens computes the final Bedrock beta token list before policy filtering.
+func ResolveBedrockBetaTokens(betaHeader string, body []byte, modelID string) []string {
+	betaTokens := parseAnthropicBetaHeader(betaHeader)
+	betaTokens = autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(betaTokens, body, modelID)
+	return filterBedrockBetaTokens(betaTokens)
+}
+
+// convertOutputFormatToInlineSchema 将 output_format 中的 JSON schema 内联到最后一条 user message
+// Bedrock Invoke 不支持 output_format 参数，litellm 的做法是将 schema 追加到用户消息中
+// 参考: litellm AmazonAnthropicClaudeMessagesConfig._convert_output_format_to_inline_schema()
+func convertOutputFormatToInlineSchema(body []byte) []byte {
+	outputFormat := gjson.GetBytes(body, "output_format")
+	if !outputFormat.Exists() || !outputFormat.IsObject() {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	// 先从请求体中移除 output_format
+	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "output_format")
+
+	schema := outputFormat.Get("schema")
+	if !schema.Exists() {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	// 找到最后一条 user message
+	messages := gjson.GetBytes(body, "messages")
+	if !messages.Exists() || !messages.IsArray() {
+		return body
+	}
+	msgArr := messages.Array()
+	lastUserIdx := -1
+	for i := len(msgArr) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if msgArr[i].Get("role").String() == "user" {
+			lastUserIdx = i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if lastUserIdx < 0 {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	// 将 schema 序列化为 JSON 文本追加到该 message 的 content 数组
+	schemaJSON, err := json.Marshal(json.RawMessage(schema.Raw))
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	content := msgArr[lastUserIdx].Get("content")
+	basePath := fmt.Sprintf("messages.%d.content", lastUserIdx)
+
+	if content.IsArray() {
+		// 追加一个 text block 到 content 数组末尾
+		idx := len(content.Array())
+		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d.type", basePath, idx), "text")
+		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d.text", basePath, idx), string(schemaJSON))
+	} else if content.Type == gjson.String {
+		// content 是纯字符串，转换为数组格式
+		originalText := content.String()
+		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, basePath, []map[string]string{
+			{"type": "text", "text": originalText},
+			{"type": "text", "text": string(schemaJSON)},
+		})
+	}
+
+	return body
+}
+
+// removeCustomFieldFromTools 移除 tools 数组中每个工具定义的 custom 字段
+func removeCustomFieldFromTools(body []byte) []byte {
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tools")
+	if !tools.Exists() || !tools.IsArray() {
+		return body
+	}
+	var err error
+	for i := range tools.Array() {
+		body, err = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, fmt.Sprintf("tools.%d.custom", i))
+		if err != nil {
+			// 删除失败不影响整体流程，跳过
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+	return body
+}
+
+// claudeVersionRe 匹配 Claude 模型 ID 中的版本号部分
+// 支持 claude-{tier}-{major}-{minor} 和 claude-{tier}-{major}.{minor} 格式
+var claudeVersionRe = regexp.MustCompile(`claude-(?:haiku|sonnet|opus)-(\d+)[-.](\d+)`)
+
+// isBedrockClaude45OrNewer 判断 Bedrock 模型 ID 是否为 Claude 4.5 或更新版本
+// Claude 4.5+ 支持 cache_control 中的 ttl 字段（"5m" 和 "1h"）
+func isBedrockClaude45OrNewer(modelID string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(modelID)
+	matches := claudeVersionRe.FindStringSubmatch(lower)
+	if matches == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	major, _ := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
+	minor, _ := strconv.Atoi(matches[2])
+	return major > 4 || (major == 4 && minor >= 5)
+}
+
+// sanitizeBedrockCacheControl 清理 system 和 messages 中 cache_control 里
+// Bedrock 不支持的字段：
+//   - scope：Bedrock 不支持（如 "global" 跨请求缓存）
+//   - ttl：仅 Claude 4.5+ 支持 "5m" 和 "1h"，旧模型需要移除
+func sanitizeBedrockCacheControl(body []byte, modelID string) []byte {
+	isClaude45 := isBedrockClaude45OrNewer(modelID)
+
+	// 清理 system 数组中的 cache_control
+	systemArr := gjson.GetBytes(body, "system")
+	if systemArr.Exists() && systemArr.IsArray() {
+		for i, item := range systemArr.Array() {
+			if !item.IsObject() {
+				continue
+			}
+			cc := item.Get("cache_control")
+			if !cc.Exists() || !cc.IsObject() {
+				continue
+			}
+			body = deleteCacheControlUnsupportedFields(body, fmt.Sprintf("system.%d.cache_control", i), cc, isClaude45)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 清理 messages 中的 cache_control
+	messages := gjson.GetBytes(body, "messages")
+	if !messages.Exists() || !messages.IsArray() {
+		return body
+	}
+	for mi, msg := range messages.Array() {
+		if !msg.IsObject() {
+			continue
+		}
+		content := msg.Get("content")
+		if !content.Exists() || !content.IsArray() {
+			continue
+		}
+		for ci, block := range content.Array() {
+			if !block.IsObject() {
+				continue
+			}
+			cc := block.Get("cache_control")
+			if !cc.Exists() || !cc.IsObject() {
+				continue
+			}
+			body = deleteCacheControlUnsupportedFields(body, fmt.Sprintf("messages.%d.content.%d.cache_control", mi, ci), cc, isClaude45)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return body
+}
+
+// deleteCacheControlUnsupportedFields 删除给定 cache_control 路径下 Bedrock 不支持的字段
+func deleteCacheControlUnsupportedFields(body []byte, basePath string, cc gjson.Result, isClaude45 bool) []byte {
+	// Bedrock 不支持 scope（如 "global"）
+	if cc.Get("scope").Exists() {
+		body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, basePath+".scope")
+	}
+
+	// ttl：仅 Claude 4.5+ 支持 "5m" 和 "1h"，其余情况移除
+	ttl := cc.Get("ttl")
+	if ttl.Exists() {
+		shouldRemove := true
+		if isClaude45 {
+			v := ttl.String()
+			if v == "5m" || v == "1h" {
+				shouldRemove = false
+			}
+		}
+		if shouldRemove {
+			body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, basePath+".ttl")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return body
+}
+
+// parseAnthropicBetaHeader 解析 anthropic-beta 头的逗号分隔字符串为 token 列表
+func parseAnthropicBetaHeader(header string) []string {
+	header = strings.TrimSpace(header)
+	if header == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(header, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(header, "]") {
+		var parsed []any
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(header), &parsed); err == nil {
+			tokens := make([]string, 0, len(parsed))
+			for _, item := range parsed {
+				token := strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprint(item))
+				if token != "" {
+					tokens = append(tokens, token)
+				}
+			}
+			return tokens
+		}
+	}
+	var tokens []string
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(header, ",") {
+		t := strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if t != "" {
+			tokens = append(tokens, t)
+		}
+	}
+	return tokens
+}
+
+// bedrockSupportedBetaTokens 是 Bedrock Invoke 支持的 beta 头白名单
+// 参考: litellm/litellm/llms/bedrock/common_utils.py (anthropic_beta_headers_config.json)
+// 更新策略: 当 AWS Bedrock 新增支持的 beta token 时需同步更新此白名单
+var bedrockSupportedBetaTokens = map[string]bool{
+	"computer-use-2025-01-24":         true,
+	"computer-use-2025-11-24":         true,
+	"context-1m-2025-08-07":           true,
+	"context-management-2025-06-27":   true,
+	"compact-2026-01-12":              true,
+	"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14": true,
+	"tool-search-tool-2025-10-19":     true,
+	"tool-examples-2025-10-29":        true,
+}
+
+// bedrockBetaTokenTransforms 定义 Bedrock Invoke 特有的 beta 头转换规则
+// Anthropic 直接 API 使用通用头，Bedrock Invoke 需要特定的替代头
+var bedrockBetaTokenTransforms = map[string]string{
+	"advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20": "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19",
+}
+
+// autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens 根据请求体内容自动补齐必要的 beta token
+// 参考 litellm: AnthropicModelInfo.get_anthropic_beta_list() 和
+// AmazonAnthropicClaudeMessagesConfig._get_tool_search_beta_header_for_bedrock()
+//
+// 客户端（特别是非 Claude Code 客户端）可能只在 body 中启用了功能而不在 header 中带对应 beta token，
+// 这里通过检测请求体特征自动补齐，确保 Bedrock Invoke 不会因缺少必要 beta 头而 400。
+func autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(tokens []string, body []byte, modelID string) []string {
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(tokens))
+	for _, t := range tokens {
+		seen[t] = true
+	}
+
+	inject := func(token string) {
+		if !seen[token] {
+			tokens = append(tokens, token)
+			seen[token] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 检测 thinking / interleaved thinking
+	// 请求体中有 "thinking" 字段 → 需要 interleaved-thinking beta
+	if gjson.GetBytes(body, "thinking").Exists() {
+		inject("interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14")
+	}
+
+	// 检测 computer_use 工具
+	// tools 中有 type="computer_20xxxxxx" 的工具 → 需要 computer-use beta
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tools")
+	if tools.Exists() && tools.IsArray() {
+		toolSearchUsed := false
+		programmaticToolCallingUsed := false
+		inputExamplesUsed := false
+		for _, tool := range tools.Array() {
+			toolType := tool.Get("type").String()
+			if strings.HasPrefix(toolType, "computer_20") {
+				inject("computer-use-2025-11-24")
+			}
+			if isBedrockToolSearchType(toolType) {
+				toolSearchUsed = true
+			}
+			if hasCodeExecutionAllowedCallers(tool) {
+				programmaticToolCallingUsed = true
+			}
+			if hasInputExamples(tool) {
+				inputExamplesUsed = true
+			}
+		}
+		if programmaticToolCallingUsed || inputExamplesUsed {
+			// programmatic tool calling 和 input examples 需要 advanced-tool-use，
+			// 后续 filterBedrockBetaTokens 会将其转换为 Bedrock 特定的 tool-search-tool
+			inject("advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+		}
+		if toolSearchUsed && bedrockModelSupportsToolSearch(modelID) {
+			// 纯 tool search（无 programmatic/inputExamples）时直接注入 Bedrock 特定头，
+			// 跳过 advanced-tool-use → tool-search-tool 的转换步骤（与 litellm 对齐）
+			if !programmaticToolCallingUsed && !inputExamplesUsed {
+				inject("tool-search-tool-2025-10-19")
+			} else {
+				inject("advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return tokens
+}
+
+func isBedrockToolSearchType(toolType string) bool {
+	return toolType == "tool_search_tool_regex_20251119" || toolType == "tool_search_tool_bm25_20251119"
+}
+
+func hasCodeExecutionAllowedCallers(tool gjson.Result) bool {
+	allowedCallers := tool.Get("allowed_callers")
+	if containsStringInJSONArray(allowedCallers, "code_execution_20250825") {
+		return true
+	}
+	return containsStringInJSONArray(tool.Get("function.allowed_callers"), "code_execution_20250825")
+}
+
+func hasInputExamples(tool gjson.Result) bool {
+	if arr := tool.Get("input_examples"); arr.Exists() && arr.IsArray() && len(arr.Array()) > 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	arr := tool.Get("function.input_examples")
+	return arr.Exists() && arr.IsArray() && len(arr.Array()) > 0
+}
+
+func containsStringInJSONArray(result gjson.Result, target string) bool {
+	if !result.Exists() || !result.IsArray() {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, item := range result.Array() {
+		if item.String() == target {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// bedrockModelSupportsToolSearch 判断 Bedrock 模型是否支持 tool search
+// 目前仅 Claude Opus/Sonnet 4.5+ 支持，Haiku 不支持
+func bedrockModelSupportsToolSearch(modelID string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(modelID)
+	matches := claudeVersionRe.FindStringSubmatch(lower)
+	if matches == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Haiku 不支持 tool search
+	if strings.Contains(lower, "haiku") {
+		return false
+	}
+	major, _ := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
+	minor, _ := strconv.Atoi(matches[2])
+	return major > 4 || (major == 4 && minor >= 5)
+}
+
+// filterBedrockBetaTokens 过滤并转换 beta token 列表，仅保留 Bedrock Invoke 支持的 token
+// 1. 应用转换规则（如 advanced-tool-use → tool-search-tool）
+// 2. 过滤掉 Bedrock 不支持的 token（如 output-128k, files-api, structured-outputs 等）
+// 3. 自动关联 tool-examples（当 tool-search-tool 存在时）
+func filterBedrockBetaTokens(tokens []string) []string {
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(tokens))
+	var result []string
+
+	for _, t := range tokens {
+		// 应用转换规则
+		if replacement, ok := bedrockBetaTokenTransforms[t]; ok {
+			t = replacement
+		}
+		// 只保留白名单中的 token，且去重
+		if bedrockSupportedBetaTokens[t] && !seen[t] {
+			result = append(result, t)
+			seen[t] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 自动关联: tool-search-tool 存在时，确保 tool-examples 也存在
+	if seen["tool-search-tool-2025-10-19"] && !seen["tool-examples-2025-10-29"] {
+		result = append(result, "tool-examples-2025-10-29")
+	}
+
+	return result
+}

backend/internal/service/bedrock_request_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func TestPrepareBedrockRequestBody_BasicFields(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{"model":"claude-opus-4-6","stream":true,"max_tokens":1024,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`
+	result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// anthropic_version 应被注入
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock-2023-05-31", gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_version").String())
+	// model 和 stream 应被移除
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "model").Exists())
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "stream").Exists())
+	// max_tokens 应保留
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1024), gjson.GetBytes(result, "max_tokens").Int())
+}
+
+func TestPrepareBedrockRequestBody_OutputFormatInlineSchema(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("schema inlined into last user message array content", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","output_format":{"type":"json","schema":{"name":"string"}},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hello"}]}]}`
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-v1", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "output_format").Exists())
+		// schema 应内联到最后一条 user message 的 content 数组末尾
+		contentArr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content").Array()
+		require.Len(t, contentArr, 2)
+		assert.Equal(t, "text", contentArr[1].Get("type").String())
+		assert.Contains(t, contentArr[1].Get("text").String(), `"name":"string"`)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("schema inlined into string content", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","output_format":{"type":"json","schema":{"result":"number"}},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"compute this"}]}`
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-v1", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "output_format").Exists())
+		contentArr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content").Array()
+		require.Len(t, contentArr, 2)
+		assert.Equal(t, "compute this", contentArr[0].Get("text").String())
+		assert.Contains(t, contentArr[1].Get("text").String(), `"result":"number"`)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no schema field just removes output_format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","output_format":{"type":"json"},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-v1", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "output_format").Exists())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no messages just removes output_format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","output_format":{"type":"json","schema":{"name":"string"}}}`
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-v1", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "output_format").Exists())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPrepareBedrockRequestBody_RemoveOutputConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","output_config":{"max_tokens":100},"messages":[]}`
+	result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-v1", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "output_config").Exists())
+}
+
+func TestRemoveCustomFieldFromTools(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{
+		"tools": [
+			{"name":"tool1","custom":{"defer_loading":true},"description":"desc1"},
+			{"name":"tool2","description":"desc2"},
+			{"name":"tool3","custom":{"defer_loading":true,"other":123},"description":"desc3"}
+		]
+	}`
+	result := removeCustomFieldFromTools([]byte(input))
+
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(result, "tools").Array()
+	require.Len(t, tools, 3)
+	// custom 应被移除
+	assert.False(t, tools[0].Get("custom").Exists())
+	// name/description 应保留
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool1", tools[0].Get("name").String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "desc1", tools[0].Get("description").String())
+	// 没有 custom 的工具不受影响
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool2", tools[1].Get("name").String())
+	// 第三个工具的 custom 也应被移除
+	assert.False(t, tools[2].Get("custom").Exists())
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool3", tools[2].Get("name").String())
+}
+
+func TestRemoveCustomFieldFromTools_NoTools(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`
+	result := removeCustomFieldFromTools([]byte(input))
+	// 无 tools 时不改变原始数据
+	assert.JSONEq(t, input, string(result))
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeBedrockCacheControl_RemoveScope(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{
+		"system": [{"type":"text","text":"sys","cache_control":{"type":"ephemeral","scope":"global"}}],
+		"messages": [{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hi","cache_control":{"type":"ephemeral","scope":"global"}}]}]
+	}`
+	result := sanitizeBedrockCacheControl([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+
+	// scope 应被移除
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.scope").Exists())
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content.0.cache_control.scope").Exists())
+	// type 应保留
+	assert.Equal(t, "ephemeral", gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.type").String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "ephemeral", gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content.0.cache_control.type").String())
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeBedrockCacheControl_TTL_OldModel(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{
+		"system": [{"type":"text","text":"sys","cache_control":{"type":"ephemeral","ttl":"5m"}}]
+	}`
+	// 旧模型（Claude 3.5）不支持 ttl
+	result := sanitizeBedrockCacheControl([]byte(input), "anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0")
+
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.ttl").Exists())
+	assert.Equal(t, "ephemeral", gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.type").String())
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeBedrockCacheControl_TTL_Claude45_Supported(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{
+		"system": [{"type":"text","text":"sys","cache_control":{"type":"ephemeral","ttl":"5m"}}]
+	}`
+	// Claude 4.5+ 支持 "5m" 和 "1h"
+	result := sanitizeBedrockCacheControl([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0")
+
+	assert.True(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.ttl").Exists())
+	assert.Equal(t, "5m", gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.ttl").String())
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeBedrockCacheControl_TTL_Claude45_UnsupportedValue(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{
+		"system": [{"type":"text","text":"sys","cache_control":{"type":"ephemeral","ttl":"10m"}}]
+	}`
+	// Claude 4.5 不支持 "10m"
+	result := sanitizeBedrockCacheControl([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0")
+
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.ttl").Exists())
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeBedrockCacheControl_TTL_Claude46(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{
+		"messages": [{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hi","cache_control":{"type":"ephemeral","ttl":"1h"}}]}]
+	}`
+	result := sanitizeBedrockCacheControl([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+
+	assert.True(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content.0.cache_control.ttl").Exists())
+	assert.Equal(t, "1h", gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content.0.cache_control.ttl").String())
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeBedrockCacheControl_NoCacheControl(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{"system":[{"type":"text","text":"sys"}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}]}`
+	result := sanitizeBedrockCacheControl([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+	// 无 cache_control 时不改变原始数据
+	assert.JSONEq(t, input, string(result))
+}
+
+func TestIsBedrockClaude45OrNewer(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		modelID string
+		expect  bool
+	}{
+		{"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", true},
+		{"us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", true},
+		{"us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", true},
+		{"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1:0", true},
+		{"us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", true},
+		{"anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0", false},
+		{"anthropic.claude-3-opus-20240229-v1:0", false},
+		{"anthropic.claude-3-haiku-20240307-v1:0", false},
+		// 未来版本应自动支持
+		{"us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-0-v1", true},
+		{"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-7-v1", true},
+		// 旧版本
+		{"anthropic.claude-opus-4-1-v1", false},
+		{"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-0-v1", false},
+		// 非 Claude 模型
+		{"amazon.nova-pro-v1", false},
+		{"meta.llama3-70b", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.modelID, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expect, isBedrockClaude45OrNewer(tt.modelID))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrepareBedrockRequestBody_FullIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	// 模拟一个完整的 Claude Code 请求
+	input := `{
+		"model": "claude-opus-4-6",
+		"stream": true,
+		"max_tokens": 16384,
+		"output_format": {"type": "json", "schema": {"result": "string"}},
+		"output_config": {"max_tokens": 100},
+		"system": [{"type": "text", "text": "You are helpful", "cache_control": {"type": "ephemeral", "scope": "global", "ttl": "5m"}}],
+		"messages": [
+			{"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hello", "cache_control": {"type": "ephemeral", "ttl": "1h"}}]}
+		],
+		"tools": [
+			{"name": "bash", "description": "Run bash", "custom": {"defer_loading": true}, "input_schema": {"type": "object"}},
+			{"name": "read", "description": "Read file", "input_schema": {"type": "object"}}
+		]
+	}`
+
+	betaHeader := "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14, context-1m-2025-08-07, compact-2026-01-12"
+	result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", betaHeader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// 基本字段
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock-2023-05-31", gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_version").String())
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "model").Exists())
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "stream").Exists())
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(16384), gjson.GetBytes(result, "max_tokens").Int())
+
+	// anthropic_beta 应包含所有 beta tokens
+	betaArr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+	require.Len(t, betaArr, 3)
+	assert.Equal(t, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", betaArr[0].String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "context-1m-2025-08-07", betaArr[1].String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "compact-2026-01-12", betaArr[2].String())
+
+	// output_format 应被移除，schema 内联到最后一条 user message
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "output_format").Exists())
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "output_config").Exists())
+	// content 数组：原始 text block + 内联 schema block
+	contentArr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content").Array()
+	require.Len(t, contentArr, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello", contentArr[0].Get("text").String())
+	assert.Contains(t, contentArr[1].Get("text").String(), `"result":"string"`)
+
+	// tools 中的 custom 应被移除
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "tools.0.custom").Exists())
+	assert.Equal(t, "bash", gjson.GetBytes(result, "tools.0.name").String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "read", gjson.GetBytes(result, "tools.1.name").String())
+
+	// cache_control: scope 应被移除，ttl 在 Claude 4.6 上保留合法值
+	assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.scope").Exists())
+	assert.Equal(t, "ephemeral", gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.type").String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "5m", gjson.GetBytes(result, "system.0.cache_control.ttl").String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "1h", gjson.GetBytes(result, "messages.0.content.0.cache_control.ttl").String())
+}
+
+func TestPrepareBedrockRequestBody_BetaHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":100}`
+
+	t.Run("empty beta header", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Exists())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single beta token", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		arr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+		require.Len(t, arr, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", arr[0].String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple beta tokens with spaces", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14 , context-1m-2025-08-07 ")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		arr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+		require.Len(t, arr, 2)
+		assert.Equal(t, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", arr[0].String())
+		assert.Equal(t, "context-1m-2025-08-07", arr[1].String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("json array beta header", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", `["interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14","context-1m-2025-08-07"]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		arr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+		require.Len(t, arr, 2)
+		assert.Equal(t, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", arr[0].String())
+		assert.Equal(t, "context-1m-2025-08-07", arr[1].String())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestParseAnthropicBetaHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, parseAnthropicBetaHeader(""))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a"}, parseAnthropicBetaHeader("a"))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b"}, parseAnthropicBetaHeader("a,b"))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b"}, parseAnthropicBetaHeader("a , b "))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b", "c"}, parseAnthropicBetaHeader("a,b,c"))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b"}, parseAnthropicBetaHeader(`["a","b"]`))
+}
+
+func TestFilterBedrockBetaTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("supported tokens pass through", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokens := []string{"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", "context-1m-2025-08-07", "compact-2026-01-12"}
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens(tokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, tokens, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported tokens are filtered out", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokens := []string{"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", "output-128k-2025-02-19", "files-api-2025-04-14", "structured-outputs-2025-11-13"}
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens(tokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14"}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("advanced-tool-use transforms to tool-search-tool", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokens := []string{"advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20"}
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens(tokens)
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19")
+		// tool-examples 自动关联
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "tool-examples-2025-10-29")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("tool-search-tool auto-associates tool-examples", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokens := []string{"tool-search-tool-2025-10-19"}
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens(tokens)
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "tool-examples-2025-10-29")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no duplication when tool-examples already present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokens := []string{"tool-search-tool-2025-10-19", "tool-examples-2025-10-29"}
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens(tokens)
+		count := 0
+		for _, t := range result {
+			if t == "tool-examples-2025-10-29" {
+				count++
+			}
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, count)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty input returns nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens(nil)
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("all unsupported returns nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens([]string{"output-128k-2025-02-19", "effort-2025-11-24"})
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("duplicate tokens are deduplicated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokens := []string{"context-1m-2025-08-07", "context-1m-2025-08-07"}
+		result := filterBedrockBetaTokens(tokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"context-1m-2025-08-07"}, result)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPrepareBedrockRequestBody_BetaFiltering(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":100}`
+
+	t.Run("unsupported beta tokens are filtered", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+			"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14, output-128k-2025-02-19, files-api-2025-04-14")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		arr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+		require.Len(t, arr, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", arr[0].String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("advanced-tool-use transformed in full pipeline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+			"advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		arr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+		require.Len(t, arr, 2)
+		assert.Equal(t, "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19", arr[0].String())
+		assert.Equal(t, "tool-examples-2025-10-29", arr[1].String())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBedrockCrossRegionPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		region string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		// US regions
+		{"us-east-1", "us"},
+		{"us-east-2", "us"},
+		{"us-west-1", "us"},
+		{"us-west-2", "us"},
+		// GovCloud
+		{"us-gov-east-1", "us-gov"},
+		{"us-gov-west-1", "us-gov"},
+		// EU regions
+		{"eu-west-1", "eu"},
+		{"eu-west-2", "eu"},
+		{"eu-west-3", "eu"},
+		{"eu-central-1", "eu"},
+		{"eu-central-2", "eu"},
+		{"eu-north-1", "eu"},
+		{"eu-south-1", "eu"},
+		// APAC regions
+		{"ap-northeast-1", "jp"},
+		{"ap-northeast-2", "apac"},
+		{"ap-southeast-1", "apac"},
+		{"ap-southeast-2", "au"},
+		{"ap-south-1", "apac"},
+		// Canada / South America fallback to us
+		{"ca-central-1", "us"},
+		{"sa-east-1", "us"},
+		// Unknown defaults to us
+		{"me-south-1", "us"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.region, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expect, BedrockCrossRegionPrefix(tt.region))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveBedrockModelID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("default alias resolves and adjusts region", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"aws_region": "eu-west-1",
+			},
+		}
+
+		modelID, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, "claude-sonnet-4-5")
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("custom alias mapping reuses default bedrock mapping", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"aws_region": "ap-southeast-2",
+				"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+					"claude-*": "claude-opus-4-6",
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		modelID, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, "claude-opus-4-6-thinking")
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "au.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("force global rewrites anthropic regional model id", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"aws_region":       "us-east-1",
+				"aws_force_global": "true",
+				"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+					"claude-sonnet-4-6": "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		modelID, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("direct bedrock model id passes through", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"aws_region": "us-east-1",
+			},
+		}
+
+		modelID, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0")
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported alias returns false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"aws_region": "us-east-1",
+			},
+		}
+
+		_, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022")
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAutoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("inject interleaved-thinking when thinking present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":10000},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no duplicate when already present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":10000},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens([]string{"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14"}, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		count := 0
+		for _, t := range result {
+			if t == "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14" {
+				count++
+			}
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, count)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("inject computer-use when computer tool present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"computer_20250124","name":"computer","display_width_px":1024}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "computer-use-2025-11-24")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("inject advanced-tool-use for programmatic tool calling", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"name":"bash","allowed_callers":["code_execution_20250825"]}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("inject advanced-tool-use for input examples", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"name":"bash","input_examples":[{"cmd":"ls"}]}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("inject tool-search-tool directly for pure tool search (no programmatic/inputExamples)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"tool_search_tool_regex_20251119","name":"search"}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6")
+		// 纯 tool search 场景直接注入 Bedrock 特定头，不走 advanced-tool-use 转换
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19")
+		assert.NotContains(t, result, "advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("inject advanced-tool-use when tool search combined with programmatic calling", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"tool_search_tool_regex_20251119","name":"search"},{"name":"bash","allowed_callers":["code_execution_20250825"]}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6")
+		// 混合场景使用 advanced-tool-use（后续由 filter 转换为 tool-search-tool）
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("do not inject tool-search beta for unsupported models", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"tool_search_tool_regex_20251119","name":"search"}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0")
+		assert.NotContains(t, result, "advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20")
+		assert.NotContains(t, result, "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no injection for regular tools", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"name":"bash","description":"run bash","input_schema":{"type":"object"}}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no injection when no features detected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":100}`)
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(nil, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves existing tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"thinking":{"type":"enabled"},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		existing := []string{"context-1m-2025-08-07", "compact-2026-01-12"}
+		result := autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens(existing, body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "context-1m-2025-08-07")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "compact-2026-01-12")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestResolveBedrockBetaTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("body-only tool features resolve to final bedrock tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"name":"bash","allowed_callers":["code_execution_20250825"]}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := ResolveBedrockBetaTokens("", body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19")
+		assert.Contains(t, result, "tool-examples-2025-10-29")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported client beta tokens are filtered out", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		result := ResolveBedrockBetaTokens("interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14,files-api-2025-04-14", body, "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14"}, result)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPrepareBedrockRequestBody_AutoBetaInjection(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("thinking in body auto-injects beta without header", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":100,"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":10000}}`
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		arr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+		found := false
+		for _, v := range arr {
+			if v.String() == "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14" {
+				found = true
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, found, "interleaved-thinking should be auto-injected")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("header tokens merged with auto-injected tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":100,"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":10000}}`
+		result, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBody([]byte(input), "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "context-1m-2025-08-07")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		arr := gjson.GetBytes(result, "anthropic_beta").Array()
+		names := make([]string, len(arr))
+		for i, v := range arr {
+			names[i] = v.String()
+		}
+		assert.Contains(t, names, "context-1m-2025-08-07")
+		assert.Contains(t, names, "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAdjustBedrockModelRegionPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		modelID string
+		region  string
+		expect  string
+	}{
+		// US region — no change needed
+		{"us region keeps us prefix", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "us-east-1", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"},
+		// EU region — replace us → eu
+		{"eu region replaces prefix", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "eu-west-1", "eu.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"},
+		{"eu region sonnet", "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", "eu-central-1", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6"},
+		// APAC region — jp and au have dedicated prefixes per AWS docs
+		{"jp region (ap-northeast-1)", "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", "ap-northeast-1", "jp.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"},
+		{"au region (ap-southeast-2)", "us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", "ap-southeast-2", "au.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0"},
+		{"apac region (ap-southeast-1)", "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", "ap-southeast-1", "apac.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"},
+		// eu → us (user manually set eu prefix, moved to us region)
+		{"eu to us", "eu.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "us-west-2", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"},
+		// global prefix — replace to match region
+		{"global to eu", "global.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "eu-west-1", "eu.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"},
+		// No known prefix — leave unchanged
+		{"no prefix unchanged", "anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0", "eu-west-1", "anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0"},
+		// GovCloud — uses independent us-gov prefix
+		{"govcloud from us", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "us-gov-east-1", "us-gov.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"},
+		{"govcloud already correct", "us-gov.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "us-gov-west-1", "us-gov.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"},
+		// Force global (special region value)
+		{"force global from us", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1", "global", "global.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1"},
+		{"force global from eu", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", "global", "global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expect, AdjustBedrockModelRegionPrefix(tt.modelID, tt.region))
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/bedrock_signer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws"
+	v4 "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/signer/v4"
+)
+
+// BedrockSigner 使用 AWS SigV4 对 Bedrock 请求签名
+type BedrockSigner struct {
+	credentials aws.Credentials
+	region      string
+	signer      *v4.Signer
+}
+
+// NewBedrockSigner 创建 BedrockSigner
+func NewBedrockSigner(accessKeyID, secretAccessKey, sessionToken, region string) *BedrockSigner {
+	return &BedrockSigner{
+		credentials: aws.Credentials{
+			AccessKeyID:     accessKeyID,
+			SecretAccessKey: secretAccessKey,
+			SessionToken:    sessionToken,
+		},
+		region: region,
+		signer: v4.NewSigner(),
+	}
+}
+
+// NewBedrockSignerFromAccount 从 Account 凭证创建 BedrockSigner
+func NewBedrockSignerFromAccount(account *Account) (*BedrockSigner, error) {
+	accessKeyID := account.GetCredential("aws_access_key_id")
+	if accessKeyID == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("aws_access_key_id not found in credentials")
+	}
+	secretAccessKey := account.GetCredential("aws_secret_access_key")
+	if secretAccessKey == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("aws_secret_access_key not found in credentials")
+	}
+	region := account.GetCredential("aws_region")
+	if region == "" {
+		region = defaultBedrockRegion
+	}
+	sessionToken := account.GetCredential("aws_session_token") // 可选
+
+	return NewBedrockSigner(accessKeyID, secretAccessKey, sessionToken, region), nil
+}
+
+// SignRequest 对 HTTP 请求进行 SigV4 签名
+// 重要约束：调用此方法前，req 应只包含 AWS 相关的 header（如 Content-Type、Accept）。
+// 非 AWS header（如 anthropic-beta）会参与签名计算，如果 Bedrock 服务端不识别这些 header，
+// 签名验证可能失败。litellm 通过 _filter_headers_for_aws_signature 实现头过滤，
+// 当前实现中 buildUpstreamRequestBedrock 仅设置了 Content-Type 和 Accept，因此是安全的。
+func (s *BedrockSigner) SignRequest(ctx context.Context, req *http.Request, body []byte) error {
+	payloadHash := sha256Hash(body)
+	return s.signer.SignHTTP(ctx, s.credentials, req, payloadHash, "bedrock", s.region, time.Now())
+}
+
+func sha256Hash(data []byte) string {
+	h := sha256.Sum256(data)
+	return hex.EncodeToString(h[:])
+}

backend/internal/service/bedrock_signer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNewBedrockSignerFromAccount_DefaultRegion(t *testing.T) {
+	account := &Account{
+		Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+		Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{
+			"aws_access_key_id":     "test-akid",
+			"aws_secret_access_key": "test-secret",
+		},
+	}
+
+	signer, err := NewBedrockSignerFromAccount(account)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, signer)
+	assert.Equal(t, defaultBedrockRegion, signer.region)
+}
+
+func TestFilterBetaTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens := []string{"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19"}
+	filterSet := map[string]struct{}{
+		"tool-search-tool-2025-10-19": {},
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14"}, filterBetaTokens(tokens, filterSet))
+	assert.Equal(t, tokens, filterBetaTokens(tokens, nil))
+	assert.Nil(t, filterBetaTokens(nil, filterSet))
+}

backend/internal/service/bedrock_stream.go

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash/crc32"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+// handleBedrockStreamingResponse 处理 Bedrock InvokeModelWithResponseStream 的 EventStream 响应
+// Bedrock 返回 AWS EventStream 二进制格式，每个事件的 payload 中 chunk.bytes 是 base64 编码的
+// Claude SSE 事件 JSON。本方法解码后转换为标准 SSE 格式写入客户端。
+func (s *GatewayService) handleBedrockStreamingResponse(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *http.Response,
+	c *gin.Context,
+	account *Account,
+	startTime time.Time,
+	model string,
+) (*streamingResult, error) {
+	w := c.Writer
+	flusher, ok := w.(http.Flusher)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("streaming not supported")
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
+	c.Header("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
+	c.Header("Connection", "keep-alive")
+	c.Header("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
+	if v := resp.Header.Get("x-amzn-requestid"); v != "" {
+		c.Header("x-request-id", v)
+	}
+
+	usage := &ClaudeUsage{}
+	var firstTokenMs *int
+	clientDisconnected := false
+
+	// Bedrock EventStream 使用 application/vnd.amazon.eventstream 二进制格式。
+	// 每个帧结构：total_length(4) + headers_length(4) + prelude_crc(4) + headers + payload + message_crc(4)
+	// 但更实用的方式是使用行扫描找 JSON chunks，因为 Bedrock 的响应在二进制帧中。
+	// 我们使用 EventStream decoder 来正确解析。
+	decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(resp.Body)
+
+	type decodeEvent struct {
+		payload []byte
+		err     error
+	}
+	events := make(chan decodeEvent, 16)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	sendEvent := func(ev decodeEvent) bool {
+		select {
+		case events <- ev:
+			return true
+		case <-done:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	var lastReadAt atomic.Int64
+	lastReadAt.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
+
+	go func() {
+		defer close(events)
+		for {
+			payload, err := decoder.Decode()
+			if err != nil {
+				if err == io.EOF {
+					return
+				}
+				_ = sendEvent(decodeEvent{err: err})
+				return
+			}
+			lastReadAt.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
+			if !sendEvent(decodeEvent{payload: payload}) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	defer close(done)
+
+	streamInterval := time.Duration(0)
+	if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.Gateway.StreamDataIntervalTimeout > 0 {
+		streamInterval = time.Duration(s.cfg.Gateway.StreamDataIntervalTimeout) * time.Second
+	}
+	var intervalTicker *time.Ticker
+	if streamInterval > 0 {
+		intervalTicker = time.NewTicker(streamInterval)
+		defer intervalTicker.Stop()
+	}
+	var intervalCh <-chan time.Time
+	if intervalTicker != nil {
+		intervalCh = intervalTicker.C
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case ev, ok := <-events:
+			if !ok {
+				if !clientDisconnected {
+					flusher.Flush()
+				}
+				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: clientDisconnected}, nil
+			}
+			if ev.err != nil {
+				if clientDisconnected {
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+				}
+				if errors.Is(ev.err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(ev.err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+				}
+				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("bedrock stream read error: %w", ev.err)
+			}
+
+			// payload 是 JSON，提取 chunk.bytes（base64 编码的 Claude SSE 事件数据）
+			sseData := extractBedrockChunkData(ev.payload)
+			if sseData == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if firstTokenMs == nil {
+				ms := int(time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds())
+				firstTokenMs = &ms
+			}
+
+			// 转换 Bedrock 特有的 amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics 为标准 Anthropic usage 格式
+			// 同时移除该字段避免透传给客户端
+			sseData = transformBedrockInvocationMetrics(sseData)
+
+			// 解析 SSE 事件数据提取 usage
+			s.parseSSEUsagePassthrough(string(sseData), usage)
+
+			// 确定 SSE event type
+			eventType := gjson.GetBytes(sseData, "type").String()
+
+			// 写入标准 SSE 格式
+			if !clientDisconnected {
+				var writeErr error
+				if eventType != "" {
+					_, writeErr = fmt.Fprintf(w, "event: %s\ndata: %s\n\n", eventType, sseData)
+				} else {
+					_, writeErr = fmt.Fprintf(w, "data: %s\n\n", sseData)
+				}
+				if writeErr != nil {
+					clientDisconnected = true
+					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Bedrock] Client disconnected during streaming, continue draining for usage: account=%d", account.ID)
+				} else {
+					flusher.Flush()
+				}
+			}
+
+		case <-intervalCh:
+			lastRead := time.Unix(0, lastReadAt.Load())
+			if time.Since(lastRead) < streamInterval {
+				continue
+			}
+			if clientDisconnected {
+				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+			}
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Bedrock] Stream data interval timeout: account=%d model=%s interval=%s", account.ID, model, streamInterval)
+			if s.rateLimitService != nil {
+				s.rateLimitService.HandleStreamTimeout(ctx, account, model)
+			}
+			return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream data interval timeout")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// extractBedrockChunkData 从 Bedrock EventStream payload 中提取 Claude SSE 事件数据
+// Bedrock payload 格式：{"bytes":"<base64-encoded-json>"}
+func extractBedrockChunkData(payload []byte) []byte {
+	b64 := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "bytes").String()
+	if b64 == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(b64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return decoded
+}
+
+// transformBedrockInvocationMetrics 将 Bedrock 特有的 amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics
+// 转换为标准 Anthropic usage 格式，并从 SSE 数据中移除该字段。
+//
+// Bedrock Invoke 返回的 message_delta 事件可能包含：
+//
+//	{"type":"message_delta","delta":{...},"amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics":{"inputTokenCount":150,"outputTokenCount":42}}
+//
+// 转换为：
+//
+//	{"type":"message_delta","delta":{...},"usage":{"input_tokens":150,"output_tokens":42}}
+func transformBedrockInvocationMetrics(data []byte) []byte {
+	metrics := gjson.GetBytes(data, "amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics")
+	if !metrics.Exists() || !metrics.IsObject() {
+		return data
+	}
+
+	// 移除 Bedrock 特有字段
+	data, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(data, "amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics")
+
+	// 如果已有标准 usage 字段，不覆盖
+	if gjson.GetBytes(data, "usage").Exists() {
+		return data
+	}
+
+	// 转换 camelCase → snake_case 写入 usage
+	inputTokens := metrics.Get("inputTokenCount")
+	outputTokens := metrics.Get("outputTokenCount")
+	if inputTokens.Exists() {
+		data, _ = sjson.SetBytes(data, "usage.input_tokens", inputTokens.Int())
+	}
+	if outputTokens.Exists() {
+		data, _ = sjson.SetBytes(data, "usage.output_tokens", outputTokens.Int())
+	}
+
+	return data
+}
+
+// bedrockEventStreamDecoder 解码 AWS EventStream 二进制帧
+// EventStream 帧格式：
+//
+//	[total_byte_length: 4 bytes]
+//	[headers_byte_length: 4 bytes]
+//	[prelude_crc: 4 bytes]
+//	[headers: variable]
+//	[payload: variable]
+//	[message_crc: 4 bytes]
+type bedrockEventStreamDecoder struct {
+	reader *bufio.Reader
+}
+
+func newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(r io.Reader) *bedrockEventStreamDecoder {
+	return &bedrockEventStreamDecoder{
+		reader: bufio.NewReaderSize(r, 64*1024),
+	}
+}
+
+// Decode 读取下一个 EventStream 帧并返回 chunk 类型事件的 payload
+func (d *bedrockEventStreamDecoder) Decode() ([]byte, error) {
+	for {
+		// 读取 prelude: total_length(4) + headers_length(4) + prelude_crc(4) = 12 bytes
+		prelude := make([]byte, 12)
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(d.reader, prelude); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// 验证 prelude CRC（AWS EventStream 使用标准 CRC32 / IEEE）
+		preludeCRC := bedrockReadUint32(prelude[8:12])
+		if crc32.Checksum(prelude[0:8], crc32IEEETable) != preludeCRC {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("eventstream prelude CRC mismatch")
+		}
+
+		totalLength := bedrockReadUint32(prelude[0:4])
+		headersLength := bedrockReadUint32(prelude[4:8])
+
+		if totalLength < 16 { // minimum: 12 prelude + 4 message_crc
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid eventstream frame: total_length=%d", totalLength)
+		}
+
+		// 读取 headers + payload + message_crc
+		remaining := int(totalLength) - 12
+		if remaining <= 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		data := make([]byte, remaining)
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(d.reader, data); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// 验证 message CRC（覆盖 prelude + headers + payload）
+		messageCRC := bedrockReadUint32(data[len(data)-4:])
+		h := crc32.New(crc32IEEETable)
+		_, _ = h.Write(prelude)
+		_, _ = h.Write(data[:len(data)-4])
+		if h.Sum32() != messageCRC {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("eventstream message CRC mismatch")
+		}
+
+		// 解析 headers
+		headers := data[:headersLength]
+		payload := data[headersLength : len(data)-4] // 去掉 message_crc
+
+		// 从 headers 中提取 :event-type
+		eventType := extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":event-type")
+
+		// 只处理 chunk 事件
+		if eventType == "chunk" {
+			// payload 是完整的 JSON，包含 bytes 字段
+			return payload, nil
+		}
+
+		// 检查异常事件
+		exceptionType := extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":exception-type")
+		if exceptionType != "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bedrock exception: %s: %s", exceptionType, string(payload))
+		}
+
+		messageType := extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":message-type")
+		if messageType == "exception" || messageType == "error" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bedrock error: %s", string(payload))
+		}
+
+		// 跳过其他事件类型（如 initial-response）
+	}
+}
+
+// extractEventStreamHeaderValue 从 EventStream headers 二进制数据中提取指定 header 的字符串值
+// EventStream header 格式：
+//
+//	[name_length: 1 byte][name: variable][value_type: 1 byte][value: variable]
+//
+// value_type = 7 表示 string 类型，前 2 bytes 为长度
+func extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers []byte, targetName string) string {
+	pos := 0
+	for pos < len(headers) {
+		if pos >= len(headers) {
+			break
+		}
+		nameLen := int(headers[pos])
+		pos++
+		if pos+nameLen > len(headers) {
+			break
+		}
+		name := string(headers[pos : pos+nameLen])
+		pos += nameLen
+
+		if pos >= len(headers) {
+			break
+		}
+		valueType := headers[pos]
+		pos++
+
+		switch valueType {
+		case 7: // string
+			if pos+2 > len(headers) {
+				return ""
+			}
+			valueLen := int(bedrockReadUint16(headers[pos : pos+2]))
+			pos += 2
+			if pos+valueLen > len(headers) {
+				return ""
+			}
+			value := string(headers[pos : pos+valueLen])
+			pos += valueLen
+			if name == targetName {
+				return value
+			}
+		case 0: // bool true
+			if name == targetName {
+				return "true"
+			}
+		case 1: // bool false
+			if name == targetName {
+				return "false"
+			}
+		case 2: // byte
+			pos++
+			if name == targetName {
+				return ""
+			}
+		case 3: // short
+			pos += 2
+			if name == targetName {
+				return ""
+			}
+		case 4: // int
+			pos += 4
+			if name == targetName {
+				return ""
+			}
+		case 5: // long
+			pos += 8
+			if name == targetName {
+				return ""
+			}
+		case 6: // bytes
+			if pos+2 > len(headers) {
+				return ""
+			}
+			valueLen := int(bedrockReadUint16(headers[pos : pos+2]))
+			pos += 2 + valueLen
+		case 8: // timestamp
+			pos += 8
+		case 9: // uuid
+			pos += 16
+		default:
+			return "" // 未知类型，无法继续解析
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// crc32IEEETable is the CRC32 / IEEE table used by AWS EventStream.
+var crc32IEEETable = crc32.MakeTable(crc32.IEEE)
+
+func bedrockReadUint32(b []byte) uint32 {
+	return uint32(b[0])<<24 | uint32(b[1])<<16 | uint32(b[2])<<8 | uint32(b[3])
+}
+
+func bedrockReadUint16(b []byte) uint16 {
+	return uint16(b[0])<<8 | uint16(b[1])
+}

backend/internal/service/bedrock_stream_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"hash/crc32"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func TestExtractBedrockChunkData(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("valid base64 payload", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"Hello"}}`
+		b64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(original))
+		payload := []byte(`{"bytes":"` + b64 + `"}`)
+
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData(payload)
+		require.NotNil(t, result)
+		assert.JSONEq(t, original, string(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty bytes field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData([]byte(`{"bytes":""}`))
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no bytes field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData([]byte(`{"other":"value"}`))
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid base64", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData([]byte(`{"bytes":"not-valid-base64!!!"}`))
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTransformBedrockInvocationMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("converts metrics to usage", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"type":"message_delta","delta":{"stop_reason":"end_turn"},"amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics":{"inputTokenCount":150,"outputTokenCount":42}}`
+		result := transformBedrockInvocationMetrics([]byte(input))
+
+		// amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics should be removed
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics").Exists())
+		// usage should be set
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(150), gjson.GetBytes(result, "usage.input_tokens").Int())
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(42), gjson.GetBytes(result, "usage.output_tokens").Int())
+		// original fields preserved
+		assert.Equal(t, "message_delta", gjson.GetBytes(result, "type").String())
+		assert.Equal(t, "end_turn", gjson.GetBytes(result, "delta.stop_reason").String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no metrics present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"Hi"}}`
+		result := transformBedrockInvocationMetrics([]byte(input))
+		assert.JSONEq(t, input, string(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("does not overwrite existing usage", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"type":"message_delta","usage":{"output_tokens":100},"amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics":{"inputTokenCount":150,"outputTokenCount":42}}`
+		result := transformBedrockInvocationMetrics([]byte(input))
+
+		// metrics removed but existing usage preserved
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics").Exists())
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(100), gjson.GetBytes(result, "usage.output_tokens").Int())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestExtractEventStreamHeaderValue(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a header with :event-type = "chunk" (string type = 7)
+	buildStringHeader := func(name, value string) []byte {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		// name length (1 byte)
+		_ = buf.WriteByte(byte(len(name)))
+		// name
+		_, _ = buf.WriteString(name)
+		// value type (7 = string)
+		_ = buf.WriteByte(7)
+		// value length (2 bytes, big-endian)
+		_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(value)))
+		// value
+		_, _ = buf.WriteString(value)
+		return buf.Bytes()
+	}
+
+	t.Run("find string header", func(t *testing.T) {
+		headers := buildStringHeader(":event-type", "chunk")
+		assert.Equal(t, "chunk", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":event-type"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("header not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		headers := buildStringHeader(":event-type", "chunk")
+		assert.Equal(t, "", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":message-type"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple headers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildStringHeader(":content-type", "application/json"))
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildStringHeader(":event-type", "chunk"))
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildStringHeader(":message-type", "event"))
+
+		headers := buf.Bytes()
+		assert.Equal(t, "chunk", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":event-type"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "application/json", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":content-type"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "event", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":message-type"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty headers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "", extractEventStreamHeaderValue([]byte{}, ":event-type"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBedrockEventStreamDecoder(t *testing.T) {
+	crc32IeeeTab := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.IEEE)
+
+	// Build a valid EventStream frame with correct CRC32/IEEE checksums.
+	buildFrame := func(eventType string, payload []byte) []byte {
+		// Build headers
+		var headersBuf bytes.Buffer
+		// :event-type header
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(byte(len(":event-type")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(":event-type")
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(7) // string type
+		_ = binary.Write(&headersBuf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(eventType)))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(eventType)
+		// :message-type header
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(byte(len(":message-type")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(":message-type")
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(7)
+		_ = binary.Write(&headersBuf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len("event")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString("event")
+
+		headers := headersBuf.Bytes()
+		headersLen := uint32(len(headers))
+		// total = 12 (prelude) + headers + payload + 4 (message_crc)
+		totalLen := uint32(12 + len(headers) + len(payload) + 4)
+
+		// Prelude: total_length(4) + headers_length(4)
+		var preludeBuf bytes.Buffer
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, totalLen)
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, headersLen)
+		preludeBytes := preludeBuf.Bytes()
+		preludeCRC := crc32.Checksum(preludeBytes, crc32IeeeTab)
+
+		// Build frame: prelude + prelude_crc + headers + payload
+		var frame bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = frame.Write(preludeBytes)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, preludeCRC)
+		_, _ = frame.Write(headers)
+		_, _ = frame.Write(payload)
+
+		// Message CRC covers everything before itself
+		messageCRC := crc32.Checksum(frame.Bytes(), crc32IeeeTab)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, messageCRC)
+		return frame.Bytes()
+	}
+
+	t.Run("decode chunk event", func(t *testing.T) {
+		payload := []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`) // base64("test")
+		frame := buildFrame("chunk", payload)
+
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame))
+		result, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, payload, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("skip non-chunk events", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Write initial-response followed by chunk
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildFrame("initial-response", []byte(`{}`)))
+		chunkPayload := []byte(`{"bytes":"aGVsbG8="}`)
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildFrame("chunk", chunkPayload))
+
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(&buf)
+		result, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, chunkPayload, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("EOF on empty input", func(t *testing.T) {
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(nil))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		assert.Equal(t, io.EOF, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("corrupted prelude CRC", func(t *testing.T) {
+		frame := buildFrame("chunk", []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`))
+		// Corrupt the prelude CRC (bytes 8-11)
+		frame[8] ^= 0xFF
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "prelude CRC mismatch")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("corrupted message CRC", func(t *testing.T) {
+		frame := buildFrame("chunk", []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`))
+		// Corrupt the message CRC (last 4 bytes)
+		frame[len(frame)-1] ^= 0xFF
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "message CRC mismatch")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("castagnoli encoded frame is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		castagnoliTab := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.Castagnoli)
+		payload := []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`)
+
+		var headersBuf bytes.Buffer
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(byte(len(":event-type")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(":event-type")
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(7)
+		_ = binary.Write(&headersBuf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len("chunk")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString("chunk")
+
+		headers := headersBuf.Bytes()
+		headersLen := uint32(len(headers))
+		totalLen := uint32(12 + len(headers) + len(payload) + 4)
+
+		var preludeBuf bytes.Buffer
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, totalLen)
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, headersLen)
+		preludeBytes := preludeBuf.Bytes()
+
+		var frame bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = frame.Write(preludeBytes)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, crc32.Checksum(preludeBytes, castagnoliTab))
+		_, _ = frame.Write(headers)
+		_, _ = frame.Write(payload)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, crc32.Checksum(frame.Bytes(), castagnoliTab))
+
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame.Bytes()))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "prelude CRC mismatch")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBuildBedrockURL(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("stream URL with colon in model ID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		url := BuildBedrockURL("us-east-1", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1:0", true)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1%3A0/invoke-with-response-stream", url)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-stream URL with colon in model ID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		url := BuildBedrockURL("eu-west-1", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", false)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1%3A0/invoke", url)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("model ID without colon", func(t *testing.T) {
+		url := BuildBedrockURL("us-east-1", "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", true)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6/invoke-with-response-stream", url)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/service/claude_max_cache_billing_policy.go

@@ -1,450 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/claude"
-	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/logger"
-	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
-)
-
-type claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome struct {
-	Simulated bool
-}
-
-func applyClaudeMaxCacheBillingPolicyToUsage(usage *ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest, group *Group, model string, accountID int64) claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome {
-	var out claudeMaxCacheBillingOutcome
-	if usage == nil || !shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(group, model, parsed) {
-		return out
-	}
-
-	resolvedModel := strings.TrimSpace(model)
-	if resolvedModel == "" && parsed != nil {
-		resolvedModel = strings.TrimSpace(parsed.Model)
-	}
-
-	if hasCacheCreationTokens(*usage) {
-		// Upstream already returned cache creation usage; keep original usage.
-		return out
-	}
-
-	if !shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsageForUsage(*usage, parsed) {
-		return out
-	}
-	beforeInputTokens := usage.InputTokens
-	out.Simulated = safelyProjectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage, parsed)
-	if out.Simulated {
-		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "simulate_claude_max_usage: model=%s account=%d input_tokens:%d->%d cache_creation_1h=%d",
-			resolvedModel,
-			accountID,
-			beforeInputTokens,
-			usage.InputTokens,
-			usage.CacheCreation1hTokens,
-		)
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-func isClaudeFamilyModel(model string) bool {
-	normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(claude.NormalizeModelID(model)))
-	if normalized == "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	return strings.Contains(normalized, "claude-")
-}
-
-func shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRules(input *RecordUsageInput) bool {
-	if input == nil || input.Result == nil || input.APIKey == nil || input.APIKey.Group == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(input.APIKey.Group, input.Result.Model, input.ParsedRequest)
-}
-
-func shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRulesForUsage(group *Group, model string, parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
-	if group == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	if !group.SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled || group.Platform != PlatformAnthropic {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	resolvedModel := model
-	if resolvedModel == "" && parsed != nil {
-		resolvedModel = parsed.Model
-	}
-	if !isClaudeFamilyModel(resolvedModel) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func hasCacheCreationTokens(usage ClaudeUsage) bool {
-	return usage.CacheCreationInputTokens > 0 || usage.CacheCreation5mTokens > 0 || usage.CacheCreation1hTokens > 0
-}
-
-func shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input *RecordUsageInput) bool {
-	if input == nil || input.Result == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	if !shouldApplyClaudeMaxBillingRules(input) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsageForUsage(input.Result.Usage, input.ParsedRequest)
-}
-
-func shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsageForUsage(usage ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
-	if usage.InputTokens <= 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	if hasCacheCreationTokens(usage) {
-		return false
-	}
-	if !hasClaudeCacheSignals(parsed) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func safelyProjectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage *ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest) (changed bool) {
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "simulate_claude_max_usage skipped: panic=%v", r)
-			changed = false
-		}
-	}()
-	return projectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage, parsed)
-}
-
-func projectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage *ClaudeUsage, parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
-	if usage == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	totalWindowTokens := usage.InputTokens + usage.CacheCreation5mTokens + usage.CacheCreation1hTokens
-	if totalWindowTokens <= 1 {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	simulatedInputTokens := computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(totalWindowTokens, parsed)
-	if simulatedInputTokens <= 0 {
-		simulatedInputTokens = 1
-	}
-	if simulatedInputTokens >= totalWindowTokens {
-		simulatedInputTokens = totalWindowTokens - 1
-	}
-
-	cacheCreation1hTokens := totalWindowTokens - simulatedInputTokens
-	if usage.InputTokens == simulatedInputTokens &&
-		usage.CacheCreation5mTokens == 0 &&
-		usage.CacheCreation1hTokens == cacheCreation1hTokens &&
-		usage.CacheCreationInputTokens == cacheCreation1hTokens {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	usage.InputTokens = simulatedInputTokens
-	usage.CacheCreation5mTokens = 0
-	usage.CacheCreation1hTokens = cacheCreation1hTokens
-	usage.CacheCreationInputTokens = cacheCreation1hTokens
-	return true
-}
-
-type claudeCacheProjection struct {
-	HasBreakpoint        bool
-	BreakpointCount      int
-	TotalEstimatedTokens int
-	TailEstimatedTokens  int
-}
-
-func computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(totalWindowTokens int, parsed *ParsedRequest) int {
-	if totalWindowTokens <= 1 {
-		return totalWindowTokens
-	}
-
-	projection := analyzeClaudeCacheProjection(parsed)
-	if !projection.HasBreakpoint || projection.TotalEstimatedTokens <= 0 || projection.TailEstimatedTokens <= 0 {
-		return totalWindowTokens
-	}
-
-	totalEstimate := int64(projection.TotalEstimatedTokens)
-	tailEstimate := int64(projection.TailEstimatedTokens)
-	if tailEstimate > totalEstimate {
-		tailEstimate = totalEstimate
-	}
-
-	scaled := (int64(totalWindowTokens)*tailEstimate + totalEstimate/2) / totalEstimate
-	if scaled <= 0 {
-		scaled = 1
-	}
-	if scaled >= int64(totalWindowTokens) {
-		scaled = int64(totalWindowTokens - 1)
-	}
-	return int(scaled)
-}
-
-func hasClaudeCacheSignals(parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
-	if parsed == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	if hasTopLevelEphemeralCacheControl(parsed) {
-		return true
-	}
-	return countExplicitCacheBreakpoints(parsed) > 0
-}
-
-func hasTopLevelEphemeralCacheControl(parsed *ParsedRequest) bool {
-	if parsed == nil || len(parsed.Body) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	cacheType := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(parsed.Body, "cache_control.type").String())
-	return strings.EqualFold(cacheType, "ephemeral")
-}
-
-func analyzeClaudeCacheProjection(parsed *ParsedRequest) claudeCacheProjection {
-	var projection claudeCacheProjection
-	if parsed == nil {
-		return projection
-	}
-
-	total := 0
-	lastBreakpointAt := -1
-
-	switch system := parsed.System.(type) {
-	case string:
-		total += claudeMaxMessageOverheadTokens + estimateClaudeTextTokens(system)
-	case []any:
-		for _, raw := range system {
-			block, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
-			if !ok {
-				total += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
-				continue
-			}
-			total += estimateClaudeBlockTokens(block)
-			if hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
-				lastBreakpointAt = total
-				projection.BreakpointCount++
-				projection.HasBreakpoint = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, rawMsg := range parsed.Messages {
-		total += claudeMaxMessageOverheadTokens
-		msg, ok := rawMsg.(map[string]any)
-		if !ok {
-			total += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
-			continue
-		}
-		content, exists := msg["content"]
-		if !exists {
-			continue
-		}
-		msgTokens, msgLastBreak, msgBreakCount := estimateClaudeContentTokens(content)
-		total += msgTokens
-		if msgBreakCount > 0 {
-			lastBreakpointAt = total - msgTokens + msgLastBreak
-			projection.BreakpointCount += msgBreakCount
-			projection.HasBreakpoint = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if total <= 0 {
-		total = 1
-	}
-	projection.TotalEstimatedTokens = total
-
-	if projection.HasBreakpoint && lastBreakpointAt >= 0 {
-		tail := total - lastBreakpointAt
-		if tail <= 0 {
-			tail = 1
-		}
-		projection.TailEstimatedTokens = tail
-		return projection
-	}
-
-	if hasTopLevelEphemeralCacheControl(parsed) {
-		tail := estimateLastUserMessageTokens(parsed)
-		if tail <= 0 {
-			tail = 1
-		}
-		projection.HasBreakpoint = true
-		projection.BreakpointCount = 1
-		projection.TailEstimatedTokens = tail
-	}
-	return projection
-}
-
-func countExplicitCacheBreakpoints(parsed *ParsedRequest) int {
-	if parsed == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	total := 0
-	if system, ok := parsed.System.([]any); ok {
-		for _, raw := range system {
-			if block, ok := raw.(map[string]any); ok && hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
-				total++
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	for _, rawMsg := range parsed.Messages {
-		msg, ok := rawMsg.(map[string]any)
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		content, ok := msg["content"].([]any)
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, raw := range content {
-			if block, ok := raw.(map[string]any); ok && hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
-				total++
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return total
-}
-
-func hasEphemeralCacheControl(block map[string]any) bool {
-	if block == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	raw, ok := block["cache_control"]
-	if !ok || raw == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	switch cc := raw.(type) {
-	case map[string]any:
-		cacheType, _ := cc["type"].(string)
-		return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(cacheType), "ephemeral")
-	case map[string]string:
-		return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(cc["type"]), "ephemeral")
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
-func estimateClaudeContentTokens(content any) (tokens int, lastBreakAt int, breakpointCount int) {
-	switch value := content.(type) {
-	case string:
-		return estimateClaudeTextTokens(value), -1, 0
-	case []any:
-		total := 0
-		lastBreak := -1
-		breaks := 0
-		for _, raw := range value {
-			block, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
-			if !ok {
-				total += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
-				continue
-			}
-			total += estimateClaudeBlockTokens(block)
-			if hasEphemeralCacheControl(block) {
-				lastBreak = total
-				breaks++
-			}
-		}
-		return total, lastBreak, breaks
-	default:
-		return estimateStructuredTokens(value), -1, 0
-	}
-}
-
-func estimateClaudeBlockTokens(block map[string]any) int {
-	if block == nil {
-		return claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
-	}
-	tokens := claudeMaxBlockOverheadTokens
-	blockType, _ := block["type"].(string)
-	switch blockType {
-	case "text":
-		if text, ok := block["text"].(string); ok {
-			tokens += estimateClaudeTextTokens(text)
-		}
-	case "tool_result":
-		if content, ok := block["content"]; ok {
-			nested, _, _ := estimateClaudeContentTokens(content)
-			tokens += nested
-		}
-	case "tool_use":
-		if name, ok := block["name"].(string); ok {
-			tokens += estimateClaudeTextTokens(name)
-		}
-		if input, ok := block["input"]; ok {
-			tokens += estimateStructuredTokens(input)
-		}
-	default:
-		if text, ok := block["text"].(string); ok {
-			tokens += estimateClaudeTextTokens(text)
-		} else if content, ok := block["content"]; ok {
-			nested, _, _ := estimateClaudeContentTokens(content)
-			tokens += nested
-		}
-	}
-	if tokens <= claudeMaxBlockOverheadTokens {
-		tokens += claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
-	}
-	return tokens
-}
-
-func estimateLastUserMessageTokens(parsed *ParsedRequest) int {
-	if parsed == nil || len(parsed.Messages) == 0 {
-		return 0
-	}
-	for i := len(parsed.Messages) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		msg, ok := parsed.Messages[i].(map[string]any)
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		role, _ := msg["role"].(string)
-		if !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(role), "user") {
-			continue
-		}
-		tokens, _, _ := estimateClaudeContentTokens(msg["content"])
-		return claudeMaxMessageOverheadTokens + tokens
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func estimateStructuredTokens(v any) int {
-	if v == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	raw, err := json.Marshal(v)
-	if err != nil {
-		return claudeMaxUnknownContentTokens
-	}
-	return estimateClaudeTextTokens(string(raw))
-}
-
-func estimateClaudeTextTokens(text string) int {
-	if tokens, ok := estimateTokensByThirdPartyTokenizer(text); ok {
-		return tokens
-	}
-	return estimateClaudeTextTokensHeuristic(text)
-}
-
-func estimateClaudeTextTokensHeuristic(text string) int {
-	normalized := strings.Join(strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(text)), " ")
-	if normalized == "" {
-		return 0
-	}
-	asciiChars := 0
-	nonASCIIChars := 0
-	for _, r := range normalized {
-		if r <= 127 {
-			asciiChars++
-		} else {
-			nonASCIIChars++
-		}
-	}
-	tokens := nonASCIIChars
-	if asciiChars > 0 {
-		tokens += (asciiChars + 3) / 4
-	}
-	if words := len(strings.Fields(normalized)); words > tokens {
-		tokens = words
-	}
-	if tokens <= 0 {
-		return 1
-	}
-	return tokens
-}

backend/internal/service/claude_max_simulation_test.go

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestProjectUsageToClaudeMax1H_Conservation(t *testing.T) {
-	usage := &ClaudeUsage{
-		InputTokens:              1200,
-		CacheCreationInputTokens: 0,
-		CacheCreation5mTokens:    0,
-		CacheCreation1hTokens:    0,
-	}
-	parsed := &ParsedRequest{
-		Model: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
-		Messages: []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"role": "user",
-				"content": []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":          "text",
-						"text":          strings.Repeat("cached context ", 200),
-						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
-					},
-					map[string]any{
-						"type": "text",
-						"text": "summarize quickly",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	changed := projectUsageToClaudeMax1H(usage, parsed)
-	if !changed {
-		t.Fatalf("expected usage to be projected")
-	}
-
-	total := usage.InputTokens + usage.CacheCreation5mTokens + usage.CacheCreation1hTokens
-	if total != 1200 {
-		t.Fatalf("total tokens changed: got=%d want=%d", total, 1200)
-	}
-	if usage.CacheCreation5mTokens != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("cache_creation_5m should be 0, got=%d", usage.CacheCreation5mTokens)
-	}
-	if usage.InputTokens <= 0 || usage.InputTokens >= 1200 {
-		t.Fatalf("simulated input out of range, got=%d", usage.InputTokens)
-	}
-	if usage.InputTokens > 100 {
-		t.Fatalf("simulated input should stay near cache breakpoint tail, got=%d", usage.InputTokens)
-	}
-	if usage.CacheCreation1hTokens <= 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("cache_creation_1h should be > 0, got=%d", usage.CacheCreation1hTokens)
-	}
-	if usage.CacheCreationInputTokens != usage.CacheCreation1hTokens {
-		t.Fatalf("cache_creation_input_tokens mismatch: got=%d want=%d", usage.CacheCreationInputTokens, usage.CacheCreation1hTokens)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestComputeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
-	parsed := &ParsedRequest{
-		Model: "claude-opus-4-5",
-		Messages: []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"role": "user",
-				"content": []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":          "text",
-						"text":          "build context",
-						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
-					},
-					map[string]any{
-						"type": "text",
-						"text": "what is failing now",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	got1 := computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(4096, parsed)
-	got2 := computeClaudeMaxProjectedInputTokens(4096, parsed)
-	if got1 != got2 {
-		t.Fatalf("non-deterministic input tokens: %d != %d", got1, got2)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestShouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(t *testing.T) {
-	group := &Group{
-		Platform:                 PlatformAnthropic,
-		SimulateClaudeMaxEnabled: true,
-	}
-	input := &RecordUsageInput{
-		Result: &ForwardResult{
-			Model: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
-			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
-				InputTokens:              3000,
-				CacheCreationInputTokens: 0,
-				CacheCreation5mTokens:    0,
-				CacheCreation1hTokens:    0,
-			},
-		},
-		ParsedRequest: &ParsedRequest{
-			Messages: []any{
-				map[string]any{
-					"role": "user",
-					"content": []any{
-						map[string]any{
-							"type":          "text",
-							"text":          "cached",
-							"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
-						},
-						map[string]any{
-							"type": "text",
-							"text": "tail",
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		APIKey: &APIKey{Group: group},
-	}
-
-	if !shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected simulate=true for claude group with cache signal")
-	}
-
-	input.ParsedRequest = &ParsedRequest{
-		Messages: []any{
-			map[string]any{"role": "user", "content": "no cache signal"},
-		},
-	}
-	if shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected simulate=false when request has no cache signal")
-	}
-
-	input.ParsedRequest = &ParsedRequest{
-		Messages: []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"role": "user",
-				"content": []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":          "text",
-						"text":          "cached",
-						"cache_control": map[string]any{"type": "ephemeral"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	input.Result.Usage.CacheCreationInputTokens = 100
-	if shouldSimulateClaudeMaxUsage(input) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected simulate=false when cache creation already exists")
-	}
-}

backend/internal/service/claude_tokenizer.go

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-
-	tiktoken "github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go"
-	tiktokenloader "github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader"
-)
-
-var (
-	claudeTokenizerOnce sync.Once
-	claudeTokenizer     *tiktoken.Tiktoken
-)
-
-func getClaudeTokenizer() *tiktoken.Tiktoken {
-	claudeTokenizerOnce.Do(func() {
-		// Use offline loader to avoid runtime dictionary download.
-		tiktoken.SetBpeLoader(tiktokenloader.NewOfflineLoader())
-		// Use a high-capacity tokenizer as the default approximation for Claude payloads.
-		enc, err := tiktoken.GetEncoding(tiktoken.MODEL_O200K_BASE)
-		if err != nil {
-			enc, err = tiktoken.GetEncoding(tiktoken.MODEL_CL100K_BASE)
-		}
-		if err == nil {
-			claudeTokenizer = enc
-		}
-	})
-	return claudeTokenizer
-}
-
-func estimateTokensByThirdPartyTokenizer(text string) (int, bool) {
-	enc := getClaudeTokenizer()
-	if enc == nil {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-	tokens := len(enc.EncodeOrdinary(text))
-	if tokens <= 0 {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-	return tokens, true
-}

backend/internal/service/concurrency_service.go

@@ -343,9 +343,8 @@ func (s *ConcurrencyService) StartSlotCleanupWorker(accountRepo AccountRepositor
 	}()
 }
 
-// GetAccountConcurrencyBatch gets current concurrency counts for multiple accounts.
-// Uses a detached context with timeout to prevent HTTP request cancellation from
-// causing the entire batch to fail (which would show all concurrency as 0).
+// GetAccountConcurrencyBatch gets current concurrency counts for multiple accounts
+// Returns a map of accountID -> current concurrency count
 func (s *ConcurrencyService) GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(ctx context.Context, accountIDs []int64) (map[int64]int, error) {
 	if len(accountIDs) == 0 {
 		return map[int64]int{}, nil
@@ -357,11 +356,5 @@ func (s *ConcurrencyService) GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(ctx context.Context, acc
 		}
 		return result, nil
 	}
-
-	// Use a detached context so that a cancelled HTTP request doesn't cause
-	// the Redis pipeline to fail and return all-zero concurrency counts.
-	redisCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	return s.cache.GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(redisCtx, accountIDs)
+	return s.cache.GetAccountConcurrencyBatch(ctx, accountIDs)
 }

backend/internal/service/dashboard_aggregation_service.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type DashboardAggregationRepository interface {
 	UpdateAggregationWatermark(ctx context.Context, aggregatedAt time.Time) error
 	CleanupAggregates(ctx context.Context, hourlyCutoff, dailyCutoff time.Time) error
 	CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error
+	CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error
 	EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error
 }
 
@@ -296,6 +297,7 @@ func (s *DashboardAggregationService) maybeCleanupRetention(ctx context.Context,
 	hourlyCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.HourlyDays)
 	dailyCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.DailyDays)
 	usageCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.UsageLogsDays)
+	dedupCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays)
 
 	aggErr := s.repo.CleanupAggregates(ctx, hourlyCutoff, dailyCutoff)
 	if aggErr != nil {
@@ -305,7 +307,11 @@ func (s *DashboardAggregationService) maybeCleanupRetention(ctx context.Context,
 	if usageErr != nil {
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.dashboard_aggregation", "[DashboardAggregation] usage_logs 保留清理失败: %v", usageErr)
 	}
-	if aggErr == nil && usageErr == nil {
+	dedupErr := s.repo.CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx, dedupCutoff)
+	if dedupErr != nil {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.dashboard_aggregation", "[DashboardAggregation] usage_billing_dedup 保留清理失败: %v", dedupErr)
+	}
+	if aggErr == nil && usageErr == nil && dedupErr == nil {
 		s.lastRetentionCleanup.Store(now)
 	}
 }

backend/internal/service/dashboard_aggregation_service_test.go

@@ -12,12 +12,18 @@ import (
 
 type dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub struct {
 	aggregateCalls       int
+	recomputeCalls       int
+	cleanupUsageCalls    int
+	cleanupDedupCalls    int
+	ensurePartitionCalls int
 	lastStart            time.Time
 	lastEnd              time.Time
 	watermark            time.Time
 	aggregateErr         error
 	cleanupAggregatesErr error
 	cleanupUsageErr      error
+	cleanupDedupErr      error
+	ensurePartitionErr   error
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.Time) error {
@@ -28,6 +34,7 @@ func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, s
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) RecomputeRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.Time) error {
+	s.recomputeCalls++
 	return s.AggregateRange(ctx, start, end)
 }
 
@@ -44,11 +51,18 @@ func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) CleanupAggregates(ctx context.Context
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	s.cleanupUsageCalls++
 	return s.cleanupUsageErr
 }
 
+func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	s.cleanupDedupCalls++
+	return s.cleanupDedupErr
+}
+
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error {
-	return nil
+	s.ensurePartitionCalls++
+	return s.ensurePartitionErr
 }
 
 func TestDashboardAggregationService_RunScheduledAggregation_EpochUsesRetentionStart(t *testing.T) {
@@ -90,6 +104,50 @@ func TestDashboardAggregationService_CleanupRetentionFailure_DoesNotRecord(t *te
 	svc.maybeCleanupRetention(context.Background(), time.Now().UTC())
 
 	require.Nil(t, svc.lastRetentionCleanup.Load())
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.cleanupUsageCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.cleanupDedupCalls)
+}
+
+func TestDashboardAggregationService_CleanupDedupFailure_DoesNotRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub{cleanupDedupErr: errors.New("dedup cleanup failed")}
+	svc := &DashboardAggregationService{
+		repo: repo,
+		cfg: config.DashboardAggregationConfig{
+			Retention: config.DashboardAggregationRetentionConfig{
+				UsageLogsDays: 1,
+				HourlyDays:    1,
+				DailyDays:     1,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	svc.maybeCleanupRetention(context.Background(), time.Now().UTC())
+
+	require.Nil(t, svc.lastRetentionCleanup.Load())
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.cleanupDedupCalls)
+}
+
+func TestDashboardAggregationService_PartitionFailure_DoesNotAggregate(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub{ensurePartitionErr: errors.New("partition failed")}
+	svc := &DashboardAggregationService{
+		repo: repo,
+		cfg: config.DashboardAggregationConfig{
+			Enabled:         true,
+			IntervalSeconds: 60,
+			LookbackSeconds: 120,
+			Retention: config.DashboardAggregationRetentionConfig{
+				UsageLogsDays:         1,
+				UsageBillingDedupDays: 2,
+				HourlyDays:            1,
+				DailyDays:             1,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	svc.runScheduledAggregation()
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.ensurePartitionCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.aggregateCalls)
 }
 
 func TestDashboardAggregationService_TriggerBackfill_TooLarge(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/service/dashboard_service.go

@@ -327,6 +327,14 @@ func (s *DashboardService) GetUserUsageTrend(ctx context.Context, startTime, end
 	return trend, nil
 }
 
+func (s *DashboardService) GetUserSpendingRanking(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, limit int) (*usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse, error) {
+	ranking, err := s.usageRepo.GetUserSpendingRanking(ctx, startTime, endTime, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get user spending ranking: %w", err)
+	}
+	return ranking, nil
+}
+
 func (s *DashboardService) GetBatchUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userIDs []int64, startTime, endTime time.Time) (map[int64]*usagestats.BatchUserUsageStats, error) {
 	stats, err := s.usageRepo.GetBatchUserUsageStats(ctx, userIDs, startTime, endTime)
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/service/dashboard_service_test.go

@@ -124,6 +124,10 @@ func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cut
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error {
 	return nil
 }

backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go

@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ const (
 
 // Account type constants
 const (
-	AccountTypeOAuth      = domain.AccountTypeOAuth      // OAuth类型账号（full scope: profile + inference）
-	AccountTypeSetupToken = domain.AccountTypeSetupToken // Setup Token类型账号（inference only scope）
-	AccountTypeAPIKey     = domain.AccountTypeAPIKey     // API Key类型账号
-	AccountTypeUpstream   = domain.AccountTypeUpstream   // 上游透传类型账号（通过 Base URL + API Key 连接上游）
+	AccountTypeOAuth         = domain.AccountTypeOAuth         // OAuth类型账号（full scope: profile + inference）
+	AccountTypeSetupToken    = domain.AccountTypeSetupToken    // Setup Token类型账号（inference only scope）
+	AccountTypeAPIKey        = domain.AccountTypeAPIKey        // API Key类型账号
+	AccountTypeUpstream      = domain.AccountTypeUpstream      // 上游透传类型账号（通过 Base URL + API Key 连接上游）
+	AccountTypeBedrock       = domain.AccountTypeBedrock       // AWS Bedrock 类型账号（通过 SigV4 签名连接 Bedrock）
+	AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey = domain.AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey // AWS Bedrock API Key 类型账号（通过 Bearer Token 连接 Bedrock）
 )
 
 // Redeem type constants

backend/internal/service/error_passthrough_runtime_test.go

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func TestApplyErrorPassthroughRule_SkipMonitoringSetsContextKey(t *testing.T) {
 	v, exists := c.Get(OpsSkipPassthroughKey)
 	assert.True(t, exists, "OpsSkipPassthroughKey should be set when skip_monitoring=true")
 	boolVal, ok := v.(bool)
-	assert.True(t, ok, "value should be a bool")
+	assert.True(t, ok, "value should be bool")
 	assert.True(t, boolVal)
 }