chore: gpt-5.4示例配置修改model_reasoning_effort为xhigh

chore: 更新codex配置部分支持gpt-5.4的长上下文
Merge pull request #800 from mt21625457/pr/gpt54-support-upstream
2026-04-07 00:40:22 +08:00 · 2026-03-06 11:29:43 +08:00 · 2026-03-06 10:55:09 +08:00 · 2026-03-06 10:42:01 +08:00 · 2026-03-06 10:23:22 +08:00 · 2026-03-06 10:16:23 +08:00
59 changed files with 1674 additions and 215 deletions
--- a/backend/ent/account.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account.go
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ type Account struct {
 	ProxyID *int64 `json:"proxy_id,omitempty"`
 	// Concurrency holds the value of the "concurrency" field.
 	Concurrency int `json:"concurrency,omitempty"`
+	// LoadFactor holds the value of the "load_factor" field.
+	LoadFactor *int `json:"load_factor,omitempty"`
 	// Priority holds the value of the "priority" field.
 	Priority int `json:"priority,omitempty"`
 	// RateMultiplier holds the value of the "rate_multiplier" field.
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ func (*Account) scanValues(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullBool)
 		case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullFloat64)
-		case account.FieldID, account.FieldProxyID, account.FieldConcurrency, account.FieldPriority:
+		case account.FieldID, account.FieldProxyID, account.FieldConcurrency, account.FieldLoadFactor, account.FieldPriority:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullInt64)
 		case account.FieldName, account.FieldNotes, account.FieldPlatform, account.FieldType, account.FieldStatus, account.FieldErrorMessage, account.FieldTempUnschedulableReason, account.FieldSessionWindowStatus:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullString)
@@ -243,6 +245,13 @@ func (_m *Account) assignValues(columns []string, values []any) error {
 			} else if value.Valid {
 				_m.Concurrency = int(value.Int64)
 			}
+		case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field load_factor", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				_m.LoadFactor = new(int)
+				*_m.LoadFactor = int(value.Int64)
+			}
 		case account.FieldPriority:
 			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64); !ok {
 				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field priority", values[i])
@@ -445,6 +454,11 @@ func (_m *Account) String() string {
 	builder.WriteString("concurrency=")
 	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.Concurrency))
 	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	if v := _m.LoadFactor; v != nil {
+		builder.WriteString("load_factor=")
+		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", *v))
+	}
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
 	builder.WriteString("priority=")
 	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.Priority))
 	builder.WriteString(", ")
--- a/backend/ent/account/account.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account/account.go
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ const (
 	FieldProxyID = "proxy_id"
 	// FieldConcurrency holds the string denoting the concurrency field in the database.
 	FieldConcurrency = "concurrency"
+	// FieldLoadFactor holds the string denoting the load_factor field in the database.
+	FieldLoadFactor = "load_factor"
 	// FieldPriority holds the string denoting the priority field in the database.
 	FieldPriority = "priority"
 	// FieldRateMultiplier holds the string denoting the rate_multiplier field in the database.
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ var Columns = []string{
 	FieldExtra,
 	FieldProxyID,
 	FieldConcurrency,
+	FieldLoadFactor,
 	FieldPriority,
 	FieldRateMultiplier,
 	FieldStatus,
@@ -250,6 +253,11 @@ func ByConcurrency(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldConcurrency, opts...).ToFunc()
 }

+// ByLoadFactor orders the results by the load_factor field.
+func ByLoadFactor(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
+	return sql.OrderByField(FieldLoadFactor, opts...).ToFunc()
+}
+
 // ByPriority orders the results by the priority field.
 func ByPriority(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldPriority, opts...).ToFunc()
--- a/backend/ent/account/where.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account/where.go
@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ func Concurrency(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldConcurrency, v))
 }

+// LoadFactor applies equality check predicate on the "load_factor" field. It's identical to LoadFactorEQ.
+func LoadFactor(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
 // Priority applies equality check predicate on the "priority" field. It's identical to PriorityEQ.
 func Priority(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldPriority, v))
@@ -650,6 +655,56 @@ func ConcurrencyLTE(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLTE(FieldConcurrency, v))
 }

+// LoadFactorEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorEQ(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorNEQ(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNEQ(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorIn applies the In predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorIn(vs ...int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldIn(FieldLoadFactor, vs...))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorNotIn(vs ...int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNotIn(FieldLoadFactor, vs...))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorGT applies the GT predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorGT(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldGT(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorGTE applies the GTE predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorGTE(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldGTE(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorLT applies the LT predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorLT(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLT(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorLTE applies the LTE predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorLTE(v int) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLTE(FieldLoadFactor, v))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorIsNil applies the IsNil predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorIsNil() predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldIsNull(FieldLoadFactor))
+}
+
+// LoadFactorNotNil applies the NotNil predicate on the "load_factor" field.
+func LoadFactorNotNil() predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNotNull(FieldLoadFactor))
+}
+
 // PriorityEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "priority" field.
 func PriorityEQ(v int) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldPriority, v))
--- a/backend/ent/account_create.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account_create.go
@@ -139,6 +139,20 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) SetNillableConcurrency(v *int) *AccountCreate {
 	return _c
 }

+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountCreate {
+	_c.mutation.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	return _c
+}
+
+// SetNillableLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetNillableLoadFactor(v *int) *AccountCreate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_c.SetLoadFactor(*v)
+	}
+	return _c
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (_c *AccountCreate) SetPriority(v int) *AccountCreate {
 	_c.mutation.SetPriority(v)
@@ -623,6 +637,10 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) createSpec() (*Account, *sqlgraph.CreateSpec) {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldConcurrency, field.TypeInt, value)
 		_node.Concurrency = value
 	}
+	if value, ok := _c.mutation.LoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+		_node.LoadFactor = &value
+	}
 	if value, ok := _c.mutation.Priority(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldPriority, field.TypeInt, value)
 		_node.Priority = value
@@ -936,6 +954,30 @@ func (u *AccountUpsert) AddConcurrency(v int) *AccountUpsert {
 	return u
 }

+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsert {
+	u.Set(account.FieldLoadFactor, v)
+	return u
+}
+
+// UpdateLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) UpdateLoadFactor() *AccountUpsert {
+	u.SetExcluded(account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	return u
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds v to the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsert {
+	u.Add(account.FieldLoadFactor, v)
+	return u
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpsert {
+	u.SetNull(account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	return u
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsert) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpsert {
 	u.Set(account.FieldPriority, v)
@@ -1419,6 +1461,34 @@ func (u *AccountUpsertOne) UpdateConcurrency() *AccountUpsertOne {
 	})
 }

+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds v to the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) UpdateLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.ClearLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsertOne) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpsertOne {
 	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
@@ -2113,6 +2183,34 @@ func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) UpdateConcurrency() *AccountUpsertBulk {
 	})
 }

+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds v to the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) UpdateLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.ClearLoadFactor()
+	})
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpsertBulk {
 	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
--- a/backend/ent/account_update.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account_update.go
@@ -172,6 +172,33 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdate) AddConcurrency(v int) *AccountUpdate {
 	return _u
 }

+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.ResetLoadFactor()
+	_u.mutation.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetNillableLoadFactor(v *int) *AccountUpdate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetLoadFactor(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds value to the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.ClearLoadFactor()
+	return _u
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpdate {
 	_u.mutation.ResetPriority()
@@ -684,6 +711,15 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node int, err error) {
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedConcurrency(); ok {
 		_spec.AddField(account.FieldConcurrency, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.LoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedLoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if _u.mutation.LoadFactorCleared() {
+		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt)
+	}
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.Priority(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldPriority, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
@@ -1063,6 +1099,33 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) AddConcurrency(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
 	return _u
 }

+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.ResetLoadFactor()
+	_u.mutation.SetLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetNillableLoadFactor(v *int) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetLoadFactor(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds value to the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) AddLoadFactor(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.AddLoadFactor(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) ClearLoadFactor() *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.ClearLoadFactor()
+	return _u
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetPriority(v int) *AccountUpdateOne {
 	_u.mutation.ResetPriority()
@@ -1605,6 +1668,15 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node *Account, err er
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedConcurrency(); ok {
 		_spec.AddField(account.FieldConcurrency, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.LoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AddedLoadFactor(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if _u.mutation.LoadFactorCleared() {
+		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldLoadFactor, field.TypeInt)
+	}
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.Priority(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldPriority, field.TypeInt, value)
 	}
--- a/backend/ent/migrate/schema.go
+++ b/backend/ent/migrate/schema.go
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ var (
 		{Name: "credentials", Type: field.TypeJSON, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "jsonb"}},
 		{Name: "extra", Type: field.TypeJSON, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "jsonb"}},
 		{Name: "concurrency", Type: field.TypeInt, Default: 3},
+		{Name: "load_factor", Type: field.TypeInt, Nullable: true},
 		{Name: "priority", Type: field.TypeInt, Default: 50},
 		{Name: "rate_multiplier", Type: field.TypeFloat64, Default: 1, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "decimal(10,4)"}},
 		{Name: "status", Type: field.TypeString, Size: 20, Default: "active"},
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ var (
 		ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
 			{
 				Symbol:     "accounts_proxies_proxy",
-				Columns:    []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[27]},
+				Columns:    []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[28]},
 				RefColumns: []*schema.Column{ProxiesColumns[0]},
 				OnDelete:   schema.SetNull,
 			},
@@ -151,52 +152,52 @@ var (
 			{
 				Name:    "account_status",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[13]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[14]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_proxy_id",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[27]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[28]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_priority",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[11]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[12]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_last_used_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[15]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[16]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_schedulable",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[18]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[19]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_rate_limited_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[19]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[20]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_rate_limit_reset_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[20]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[21]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_overload_until",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[21]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[22]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_platform_priority",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[6], AccountsColumns[11]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[6], AccountsColumns[12]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_priority_status",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[11], AccountsColumns[13]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[12], AccountsColumns[14]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_deleted_at",
--- a/backend/ent/mutation.go
+++ b/backend/ent/mutation.go
@@ -2260,6 +2260,8 @@ type AccountMutation struct {
 	extra                     *map[string]interface{}
 	concurrency               *int
 	addconcurrency            *int
+	load_factor               *int
+	addload_factor            *int
 	priority                  *int
 	addpriority               *int
 	rate_multiplier           *float64
@@ -2845,6 +2847,76 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ResetConcurrency() {
 	m.addconcurrency = nil
 }

+// SetLoadFactor sets the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) SetLoadFactor(i int) {
+	m.load_factor = &i
+	m.addload_factor = nil
+}
+
+// LoadFactor returns the value of the "load_factor" field in the mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) LoadFactor() (r int, exists bool) {
+	v := m.load_factor
+	if v == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return *v, true
+}
+
+// OldLoadFactor returns the old "load_factor" field's value of the Account entity.
+// If the Account object wasn't provided to the builder, the object is fetched from the database.
+// An error is returned if the mutation operation is not UpdateOne, or the database query fails.
+func (m *AccountMutation) OldLoadFactor(ctx context.Context) (v *int, err error) {
+	if !m.op.Is(OpUpdateOne) {
+		return v, errors.New("OldLoadFactor is only allowed on UpdateOne operations")
+	}
+	if m.id == nil || m.oldValue == nil {
+		return v, errors.New("OldLoadFactor requires an ID field in the mutation")
+	}
+	oldValue, err := m.oldValue(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return v, fmt.Errorf("querying old value for OldLoadFactor: %w", err)
+	}
+	return oldValue.LoadFactor, nil
+}
+
+// AddLoadFactor adds i to the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) AddLoadFactor(i int) {
+	if m.addload_factor != nil {
+		*m.addload_factor += i
+	} else {
+		m.addload_factor = &i
+	}
+}
+
+// AddedLoadFactor returns the value that was added to the "load_factor" field in this mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) AddedLoadFactor() (r int, exists bool) {
+	v := m.addload_factor
+	if v == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return *v, true
+}
+
+// ClearLoadFactor clears the value of the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ClearLoadFactor() {
+	m.load_factor = nil
+	m.addload_factor = nil
+	m.clearedFields[account.FieldLoadFactor] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+// LoadFactorCleared returns if the "load_factor" field was cleared in this mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) LoadFactorCleared() bool {
+	_, ok := m.clearedFields[account.FieldLoadFactor]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// ResetLoadFactor resets all changes to the "load_factor" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ResetLoadFactor() {
+	m.load_factor = nil
+	m.addload_factor = nil
+	delete(m.clearedFields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+}
+
 // SetPriority sets the "priority" field.
 func (m *AccountMutation) SetPriority(i int) {
 	m.priority = &i
@@ -3773,7 +3845,7 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Type() string {
 // order to get all numeric fields that were incremented/decremented, call
 // AddedFields().
 func (m *AccountMutation) Fields() []string {
-	fields := make([]string, 0, 27)
+	fields := make([]string, 0, 28)
 	if m.created_at != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldCreatedAt)
 	}
@@ -3807,6 +3879,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Fields() []string {
 	if m.concurrency != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldConcurrency)
 	}
+	if m.load_factor != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	}
 	if m.priority != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldPriority)
 	}
@@ -3885,6 +3960,8 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Field(name string) (ent.Value, bool) {
 		return m.ProxyID()
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		return m.Concurrency()
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		return m.LoadFactor()
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		return m.Priority()
 	case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
@@ -3948,6 +4025,8 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) OldField(ctx context.Context, name string) (ent.Value,
 		return m.OldProxyID(ctx)
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		return m.OldConcurrency(ctx)
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		return m.OldLoadFactor(ctx)
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		return m.OldPriority(ctx)
 	case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
@@ -4066,6 +4145,13 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) SetField(name string, value ent.Value) error {
 		}
 		m.SetConcurrency(v)
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		v, ok := value.(int)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
+		}
+		m.SetLoadFactor(v)
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		v, ok := value.(int)
 		if !ok {
@@ -4189,6 +4275,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) AddedFields() []string {
 	if m.addconcurrency != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldConcurrency)
 	}
+	if m.addload_factor != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	}
 	if m.addpriority != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldPriority)
 	}
@@ -4205,6 +4294,8 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) AddedField(name string) (ent.Value, bool) {
 	switch name {
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		return m.AddedConcurrency()
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		return m.AddedLoadFactor()
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		return m.AddedPriority()
 	case account.FieldRateMultiplier:
@@ -4225,6 +4316,13 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) AddField(name string, value ent.Value) error {
 		}
 		m.AddConcurrency(v)
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		v, ok := value.(int)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
+		}
+		m.AddLoadFactor(v)
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		v, ok := value.(int)
 		if !ok {
@@ -4256,6 +4354,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ClearedFields() []string {
 	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldProxyID) {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldProxyID)
 	}
+	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldLoadFactor) {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLoadFactor)
+	}
 	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldErrorMessage) {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldErrorMessage)
 	}
@@ -4312,6 +4413,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ClearField(name string) error {
 	case account.FieldProxyID:
 		m.ClearProxyID()
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		m.ClearLoadFactor()
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldErrorMessage:
 		m.ClearErrorMessage()
 		return nil
@@ -4386,6 +4490,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ResetField(name string) error {
 	case account.FieldConcurrency:
 		m.ResetConcurrency()
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldLoadFactor:
+		m.ResetLoadFactor()
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldPriority:
 		m.ResetPriority()
 		return nil
@@ -10191,7 +10298,7 @@ func (m *GroupMutation) Type() string {
 // order to get all numeric fields that were incremented/decremented, call
 // AddedFields().
 func (m *GroupMutation) Fields() []string {
-	fields := make([]string, 0, 30)
+	fields := make([]string, 0, 31)
 	if m.created_at != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, group.FieldCreatedAt)
 	}
--- a/backend/ent/runtime/runtime.go
+++ b/backend/ent/runtime/runtime.go
@@ -212,29 +212,29 @@ func init() {
 	// account.DefaultConcurrency holds the default value on creation for the concurrency field.
 	account.DefaultConcurrency = accountDescConcurrency.Default.(int)
 	// accountDescPriority is the schema descriptor for priority field.
-	accountDescPriority := accountFields[8].Descriptor()
+	accountDescPriority := accountFields[9].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultPriority holds the default value on creation for the priority field.
 	account.DefaultPriority = accountDescPriority.Default.(int)
 	// accountDescRateMultiplier is the schema descriptor for rate_multiplier field.
-	accountDescRateMultiplier := accountFields[9].Descriptor()
+	accountDescRateMultiplier := accountFields[10].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultRateMultiplier holds the default value on creation for the rate_multiplier field.
 	account.DefaultRateMultiplier = accountDescRateMultiplier.Default.(float64)
 	// accountDescStatus is the schema descriptor for status field.
-	accountDescStatus := accountFields[10].Descriptor()
+	accountDescStatus := accountFields[11].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultStatus holds the default value on creation for the status field.
 	account.DefaultStatus = accountDescStatus.Default.(string)
 	// account.StatusValidator is a validator for the "status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	account.StatusValidator = accountDescStatus.Validators[0].(func(string) error)
 	// accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired is the schema descriptor for auto_pause_on_expired field.
-	accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired := accountFields[14].Descriptor()
+	accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired := accountFields[15].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired holds the default value on creation for the auto_pause_on_expired field.
 	account.DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired = accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired.Default.(bool)
 	// accountDescSchedulable is the schema descriptor for schedulable field.
-	accountDescSchedulable := accountFields[15].Descriptor()
+	accountDescSchedulable := accountFields[16].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultSchedulable holds the default value on creation for the schedulable field.
 	account.DefaultSchedulable = accountDescSchedulable.Default.(bool)
 	// accountDescSessionWindowStatus is the schema descriptor for session_window_status field.
-	accountDescSessionWindowStatus := accountFields[23].Descriptor()
+	accountDescSessionWindowStatus := accountFields[24].Descriptor()
 	// account.SessionWindowStatusValidator is a validator for the "session_window_status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	account.SessionWindowStatusValidator = accountDescSessionWindowStatus.Validators[0].(func(string) error)
 	accountgroupFields := schema.AccountGroup{}.Fields()
--- a/backend/ent/schema/account.go
+++ b/backend/ent/schema/account.go
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ func (Account) Fields() []ent.Field {
 		field.Int("concurrency").
 			Default(3),

+		field.Int("load_factor").Optional().Nillable(),
+
 		// priority: 账户优先级，数值越小优先级越高
 		// 调度器会优先使用高优先级的账户
 		field.Int("priority").
--- a/backend/go.sum
+++ b/backend/go.sum
@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f h1:lO4WD4F/r
 github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f/go.mod h1:cuUVRXasLTGF7a8hSLbxyZXjz+1KgoB3wDUb6vlszIc=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5QvfrDyIgxBk=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
+github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0 h1:+/GIL799phkJqYW+3YbOd8LCcbHzT0Pbo8zl70MHsq0=
+github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.10.0/go.mod h1:DHkYz0B9wPfa6wondMfaivmHpzrQ3v9q8cnmRbL6yW8=
 github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible h1:Bm8DchhSD2J6PsFzxC35TZo4TLGR2PdW/E69rU45NhM=
 github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 h1:LlMG9azAe1TqfR7sO+NJttz1gy6KO7VJBh+pMmjSD94=
@@ -171,8 +173,6 @@ github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 h1:CrxCmQqYDkv1z7lO7Wbh2HN93uovUHgrECaO5ZrCXAU=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 h1:Rl4B7itRWVtYIHFrSNd7vhTiz9UpLdi6gZhZ3wEeDy8=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2/go.mod h1:pqrtFR0X4osieyHYxtmOUWsAWrfe1Q5UVIyoH402zdk=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0/go.mod h1:Kcdr2DB4koayq7X8pmAG4sNG59So17
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e h1:ijClszYn+mADRFY17kjQEVQ1XRhq2/JR1M3sGqeJoxs=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e/go.mod h1:boTsfXsheKC2y+lKOCMpSfarhxDeIzfZG1jqGcPl3cA=
-github.com/google/subcommands v1.2.0 h1:vWQspBTo2nEqTUFita5/KeEWlUL8kQObDFbub/EN9oE=
 github.com/google/subcommands v1.2.0/go.mod h1:ZjhPrFU+Olkh9WazFPsl27BQ4UPiG37m3yTrtFlrHVk=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
@@ -203,6 +202,8 @@ github.com/icholy/digest v1.1.0 h1:HfGg9Irj7i+IX1o1QAmPfIBNu/Q5A5Tu3n/MED9k9H4=
 github.com/icholy/digest v1.1.0/go.mod h1:QNrsSGQ5v7v9cReDI0+eyjsXGUoRSUZQHeQ5C4XLa0Y=
 github.com/imroc/req/v3 v3.57.0 h1:LMTUjNRUybUkTPn8oJDq8Kg3JRBOBTcnDhKu7mzupKI=
 github.com/imroc/req/v3 v3.57.0/go.mod h1:JL62ey1nvSLq81HORNcosvlf7SxZStONNqOprg0Pz00=
+github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
+github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 h1:/6Hmqy13Ss2zCq62VdNG8tM1wchn8zjSGOBJ6icpsIM=
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CEx0iS5ambNFdcRtxPj5JhEz+xB6uRky5eyVu/W2HEg=
 github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 h1:iCEnooe7UlwOQYpKFhBabPMi4aNAfoODPEFNiAnClxo=
@@ -285,6 +286,10 @@ github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 h1:aYUidT7k73Pcl9nb2gScu7NSrKCSHIDE89b3+6
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:1t835xjRzz80PqgE6HHgN2JOsmgYu/h4qDAS4n929Rs=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8 h1:85ENo+3FpWgAACBaEUVp+lctuTcYUO7BtmfhlN/QTRo=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go v0.1.8/go.mod h1:9NiV+i9mJKGj1rYOT+njbv+ZwA/zJxYdewGl6qVatpg=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2 h1:LUKws63GV3pVHwH1srkBplBv+7URgmOmhSkRxsIvsK4=
+github.com/pkoukk/tiktoken-go-loader v0.0.2/go.mod h1:4mIkYyZooFlnenDlormIo6cd5wrlUKNr97wp9nGgEKo=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRIccs7FGNTlIRMkT8wgtp5eCXdBlqhYGL6U=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
@@ -398,8 +403,6 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0 h1:mvwbQS5m0tbmqML4NqK+e3aDiO02vsf/Wgbsd
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0/go.mod h1:04wGrZurHYKOc+RKeye86GwKiTb9FKm1WHtO+4EVr2E=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.37.0 h1:ItB0QUqnjesGRvNcmAcU0LyvkVyGJ2xftD29bWdDvKI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.37.0/go.mod h1:VredYzxUvuo2q3WRcDnKDjbdvmO0sCzOvVAiY+yUkAg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.37.0 h1:90lI228XrB9jCMuSdA0673aubgRobVZFhbjxHHspCPc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.37.0/go.mod h1:cNen4ZWfiD37l5NhS+Keb5RXVWZWpRE+9WyVCpbo5ps=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0 h1:HLdcFNbRQBE2imdSEgm/kwqmQj1Or1l/7bW6mxVK7z4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0/go.mod h1:TlgrlQ+PtQO5XFerSPUYG0JSgGyryXewPGyayAWSBS0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 h1:TrMUixzpM0yuc/znrFTP9MMRh8trP93mkCiDVeXrui0=
@@ -455,8 +458,6 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGm
 golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0 h1:a9b8iMweWG+S0OBnlU36rzLp20z1Rp10w+IY2czHTQc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0/go.mod h1:XSY6eDqxVNiYgezAVqqCeihT4j1U2CCsqvH3WhQpnlg=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20231106174013-bbf56f31fb17 h1:wpZ8pe2x1Q3f2KyT5f8oP/fa9rHAKgFPr/HZdNuS+PQ=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4 h1:8XJ4pajGwOlasW+L13MnEGA8W4115jJySQtVfS2/IBU=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4/go.mod h1:NnuHhy+bxcg30o7FnVAZbXsPHUDQ9qKWAQKCD7VxFtk=
--- a/backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ type CreateAccountRequest struct {
 	Concurrency             int            `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority                int            `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier          *float64       `json:"rate_multiplier"`
+	LoadFactor              *int           `json:"load_factor"`
 	GroupIDs                []int64        `json:"group_ids"`
 	ExpiresAt               *int64         `json:"expires_at"`
 	AutoPauseOnExpired      *bool          `json:"auto_pause_on_expired"`
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
 	Concurrency             *int           `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority                *int           `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier          *float64       `json:"rate_multiplier"`
+	LoadFactor              *int           `json:"load_factor"`
 	Status                  string         `json:"status" binding:"omitempty,oneof=active inactive"`
 	GroupIDs                *[]int64       `json:"group_ids"`
 	ExpiresAt               *int64         `json:"expires_at"`
@@ -135,6 +137,7 @@ type BulkUpdateAccountsRequest struct {
 	Concurrency             *int           `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority                *int           `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier          *float64       `json:"rate_multiplier"`
+	LoadFactor              *int           `json:"load_factor"`
 	Status                  string         `json:"status" binding:"omitempty,oneof=active inactive error"`
 	Schedulable             *bool          `json:"schedulable"`
 	GroupIDs                *[]int64       `json:"group_ids"`
@@ -285,32 +288,48 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) List(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}

-	// 仅非 lite 模式获取窗口费用（PostgreSQL 聚合查询，高开销）
-	if !lite && len(windowCostAccountIDs) > 0 {
-		windowCosts = make(map[int64]float64)
-		var mu sync.Mutex
-		g, gctx := errgroup.WithContext(c.Request.Context())
-		g.SetLimit(10) // 限制并发数
-
-		for i := range accounts {
-			acc := &accounts[i]
-			if !acc.IsAnthropicOAuthOrSetupToken() || acc.GetWindowCostLimit() <= 0 {
-				continue
-			}
-			accCopy := acc // 闭包捕获
-			g.Go(func() error {
-				// 使用统一的窗口开始时间计算逻辑（考虑窗口过期情况）
-				startTime := accCopy.GetCurrentWindowStartTime()
-				stats, err := h.accountUsageService.GetAccountWindowStats(gctx, accCopy.ID, startTime)
-				if err == nil && stats != nil {
-					mu.Lock()
-					windowCosts[accCopy.ID] = stats.StandardCost // 使用标准费用
-					mu.Unlock()
+	// 窗口费用获取：lite 模式从快照缓存读取，非 lite 模式执行 PostgreSQL 查询后写入缓存
+	if len(windowCostAccountIDs) > 0 {
+		if lite {
+			// lite 模式：尝试从快照缓存读取
+			cacheKey := buildWindowCostCacheKey(windowCostAccountIDs)
+			if cached, ok := accountWindowCostCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+				if costs, ok := cached.Payload.(map[int64]float64); ok {
+					windowCosts = costs
 				}
-				return nil // 不返回错误，允许部分失败
-			})
+			}
+			// 缓存未命中则 windowCosts 保持 nil（仅发生在服务刚启动时）
+		} else {
+			// 非 lite 模式：执行 PostgreSQL 聚合查询（高开销）
+			windowCosts = make(map[int64]float64)
+			var mu sync.Mutex
+			g, gctx := errgroup.WithContext(c.Request.Context())
+			g.SetLimit(10) // 限制并发数
+
+			for i := range accounts {
+				acc := &accounts[i]
+				if !acc.IsAnthropicOAuthOrSetupToken() || acc.GetWindowCostLimit() <= 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				accCopy := acc // 闭包捕获
+				g.Go(func() error {
+					// 使用统一的窗口开始时间计算逻辑（考虑窗口过期情况）
+					startTime := accCopy.GetCurrentWindowStartTime()
+					stats, err := h.accountUsageService.GetAccountWindowStats(gctx, accCopy.ID, startTime)
+					if err == nil && stats != nil {
+						mu.Lock()
+						windowCosts[accCopy.ID] = stats.StandardCost // 使用标准费用
+						mu.Unlock()
+					}
+					return nil // 不返回错误，允许部分失败
+				})
+			}
+			_ = g.Wait()
+
+			// 查询完毕后写入快照缓存，供 lite 模式使用
+			cacheKey := buildWindowCostCacheKey(windowCostAccountIDs)
+			accountWindowCostCache.Set(cacheKey, windowCosts)
 		}
-		_ = g.Wait()
 	}

 	// Build response with concurrency info
@@ -506,6 +525,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Create(c *gin.Context) {
 			Concurrency:           req.Concurrency,
 			Priority:              req.Priority,
 			RateMultiplier:        req.RateMultiplier,
+			LoadFactor:            req.LoadFactor,
 			GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
 			ExpiresAt:             req.ExpiresAt,
 			AutoPauseOnExpired:    req.AutoPauseOnExpired,
@@ -575,6 +595,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Update(c *gin.Context) {
 		Concurrency:           req.Concurrency, // 指针类型，nil 表示未提供
 		Priority:              req.Priority,    // 指针类型，nil 表示未提供
 		RateMultiplier:        req.RateMultiplier,
+		LoadFactor:            req.LoadFactor,
 		Status:                req.Status,
 		GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
 		ExpiresAt:             req.ExpiresAt,
@@ -1101,6 +1122,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) BulkUpdate(c *gin.Context) {
 		req.Concurrency != nil ||
 		req.Priority != nil ||
 		req.RateMultiplier != nil ||
+		req.LoadFactor != nil ||
 		req.Status != "" ||
 		req.Schedulable != nil ||
 		req.GroupIDs != nil ||
@@ -1119,6 +1141,7 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) BulkUpdate(c *gin.Context) {
 		Concurrency:           req.Concurrency,
 		Priority:              req.Priority,
 		RateMultiplier:        req.RateMultiplier,
+		LoadFactor:            req.LoadFactor,
 		Status:                req.Status,
 		Schedulable:           req.Schedulable,
 		GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
@@ -1328,6 +1351,29 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) ClearRateLimit(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Success(c, h.buildAccountResponseWithRuntime(c.Request.Context(), account))
 }

+// ResetQuota handles resetting account quota usage
+// POST /api/v1/admin/accounts/:id/reset-quota
+func (h *AccountHandler) ResetQuota(c *gin.Context) {
+	accountID, err := strconv.ParseInt(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid account ID")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.adminService.ResetAccountQuota(c.Request.Context(), accountID); err != nil {
+		response.InternalError(c, "Failed to reset account quota: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	account, err := h.adminService.GetAccount(c.Request.Context(), accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response.Success(c, h.buildAccountResponseWithRuntime(c.Request.Context(), account))
+}
+
 // GetTempUnschedulable handles getting temporary unschedulable status
 // GET /api/v1/admin/accounts/:id/temp-unschedulable
 func (h *AccountHandler) GetTempUnschedulable(c *gin.Context) {
--- a/backend/internal/handler/admin/account_window_cost_cache.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/admin/account_window_cost_cache.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package admin
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var accountWindowCostCache = newSnapshotCache(30 * time.Second)
+
+func buildWindowCostCacheKey(accountIDs []int64) string {
+	if len(accountIDs) == 0 {
+		return "accounts_window_cost_empty"
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(len(accountIDs) * 6)
+	_, _ = b.WriteString("accounts_window_cost:")
+	for i, id := range accountIDs {
+		if i > 0 {
+			_ = b.WriteByte(',')
+		}
+		_, _ = b.WriteString(strconv.FormatInt(id, 10))
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
--- a/backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_service_stub_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/admin/admin_service_stub_test.go
@@ -425,5 +425,9 @@ func (s *stubAdminService) AdminUpdateAPIKeyGroupID(ctx context.Context, keyID i
 	return nil, service.ErrAPIKeyNotFound
 }

+func (s *stubAdminService) ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Ensure stub implements interface.
 var _ service.AdminService = (*stubAdminService)(nil)
--- a/backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers.go
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ func AccountFromServiceShallow(a *service.Account) *Account {
 		Extra:                   a.Extra,
 		ProxyID:                 a.ProxyID,
 		Concurrency:             a.Concurrency,
+		LoadFactor:              a.LoadFactor,
 		Priority:                a.Priority,
 		RateMultiplier:          a.BillingRateMultiplier(),
 		Status:                  a.Status,
@@ -248,6 +249,17 @@ func AccountFromServiceShallow(a *service.Account) *Account {
 		}
 	}

+	// 提取 API Key 账号配额限制（仅 apikey 类型有效）
+	if a.Type == service.AccountTypeAPIKey {
+		if limit := a.GetQuotaLimit(); limit > 0 {
+			out.QuotaLimit = &limit
+		}
+		used := a.GetQuotaUsed()
+		if out.QuotaLimit != nil {
+			out.QuotaUsed = &used
+		}
+	}
+
 	return out
 }

--- a/backend/internal/handler/dto/types.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/dto/types.go
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ type Account struct {
 	Extra              map[string]any `json:"extra"`
 	ProxyID            *int64         `json:"proxy_id"`
 	Concurrency        int            `json:"concurrency"`
+	LoadFactor         *int           `json:"load_factor,omitempty"`
 	Priority           int            `json:"priority"`
 	RateMultiplier     float64        `json:"rate_multiplier"`
 	Status             string         `json:"status"`
@@ -185,6 +186,10 @@ type Account struct {
 	CacheTTLOverrideEnabled *bool   `json:"cache_ttl_override_enabled,omitempty"`
 	CacheTTLOverrideTarget  *string `json:"cache_ttl_override_target,omitempty"`

+	// API Key 账号配额限制
+	QuotaLimit *float64 `json:"quota_limit,omitempty"`
+	QuotaUsed  *float64 `json:"quota_used,omitempty"`
+
 	Proxy         *Proxy         `json:"proxy,omitempty"`
 	AccountGroups []AccountGroup `json:"account_groups,omitempty"`

--- a/backend/internal/handler/sora_client_handler_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/sora_client_handler_test.go
@@ -2132,6 +2132,14 @@ func (r *stubAccountRepoForHandler) BulkUpdate(context.Context, []int64, service
 	return 0, nil
 }

+func (r *stubAccountRepoForHandler) IncrementQuotaUsed(context.Context, int64, float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *stubAccountRepoForHandler) ResetQuotaUsed(context.Context, int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ==================== Stub: SoraClient (用于 SoraGatewayService) ====================

 var _ service.SoraClient = (*stubSoraClientForHandler)(nil)
--- a/backend/internal/handler/sora_gateway_handler_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/sora_gateway_handler_test.go
@@ -216,6 +216,14 @@ func (r *stubAccountRepo) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates s
 	return 0, nil
 }

+func (r *stubAccountRepo) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *stubAccountRepo) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (r *stubAccountRepo) listSchedulable() []service.Account {
 	var result []service.Account
 	for _, acc := range r.accounts {
--- a/backend/internal/pkg/openai/constants.go
+++ b/backend/internal/pkg/openai/constants.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ type Model struct {

 // DefaultModels OpenAI models list
 var DefaultModels = []Model{
+	{ID: "gpt-5.4", Object: "model", Created: 1738368000, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.4"},
 	{ID: "gpt-5.3-codex", Object: "model", Created: 1735689600, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.3 Codex"},
 	{ID: "gpt-5.3-codex-spark", Object: "model", Created: 1735689600, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.3 Codex Spark"},
 	{ID: "gpt-5.2", Object: "model", Created: 1733875200, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.2"},
--- a/backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 	if account.RateMultiplier != nil {
 		builder.SetRateMultiplier(*account.RateMultiplier)
 	}
+	if account.LoadFactor != nil {
+		builder.SetLoadFactor(*account.LoadFactor)
+	}

 	if account.ProxyID != nil {
 		builder.SetProxyID(*account.ProxyID)
@@ -318,6 +321,11 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 	if account.RateMultiplier != nil {
 		builder.SetRateMultiplier(*account.RateMultiplier)
 	}
+	if account.LoadFactor != nil {
+		builder.SetLoadFactor(*account.LoadFactor)
+	} else {
+		builder.ClearLoadFactor()
+	}

 	if account.ProxyID != nil {
 		builder.SetProxyID(*account.ProxyID)
@@ -1223,6 +1231,15 @@ func (r *accountRepository) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates
 		args = append(args, *updates.RateMultiplier)
 		idx++
 	}
+	if updates.LoadFactor != nil {
+		if *updates.LoadFactor <= 0 {
+			setClauses = append(setClauses, "load_factor = NULL")
+		} else {
+			setClauses = append(setClauses, "load_factor = $"+itoa(idx))
+			args = append(args, *updates.LoadFactor)
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
 	if updates.Status != nil {
 		setClauses = append(setClauses, "status = $"+itoa(idx))
 		args = append(args, *updates.Status)
@@ -1545,6 +1562,7 @@ func accountEntityToService(m *dbent.Account) *service.Account {
 		Concurrency:             m.Concurrency,
 		Priority:                m.Priority,
 		RateMultiplier:          &rateMultiplier,
+		LoadFactor:              m.LoadFactor,
 		Status:                  m.Status,
 		ErrorMessage:            derefString(m.ErrorMessage),
 		LastUsedAt:              m.LastUsedAt,
@@ -1657,3 +1675,60 @@ func (r *accountRepository) FindByExtraField(ctx context.Context, key string, va

 	return r.accountsToService(ctx, accounts)
 }
+
+// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增账号的 extra.quota_used 字段
+func (r *accountRepository) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	rows, err := r.sql.QueryContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = jsonb_set(
+			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb),
+			'{quota_used}',
+			to_jsonb(COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0) + $1)
+		), updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+		RETURNING
+			COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0),
+			COALESCE((extra->>'quota_limit')::numeric, 0)`,
+		amount, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
+
+	var newUsed, limit float64
+	if rows.Next() {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&newUsed, &limit); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 配额刚超限时触发调度快照刷新，使账号及时从调度候选中移除
+	if limit > 0 && newUsed >= limit && (newUsed-amount) < limit {
+		if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue quota exceeded failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ResetQuotaUsed 重置账号的 extra.quota_used 为 0
+func (r *accountRepository) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	_, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = jsonb_set(
+			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb),
+			'{quota_used}',
+			'0'::jsonb
+		), updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
+		id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// 重置配额后触发调度快照刷新，使账号重新参与调度
+	if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue quota reset failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/backend/internal/repository/claude_usage_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/claude_usage_service.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"time"

+	infraerrors "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/httpclient"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 )
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@ func (s *claudeUsageService) FetchUsageWithOptions(ctx context.Context, opts *se

 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+		return nil, infraerrors.New(http.StatusInternalServerError, "UPSTREAM_ERROR", msg)
 	}

 	var usageResp service.ClaudeUsageResponse
--- a/backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go
@@ -1096,6 +1096,14 @@ func (s *stubAccountRepo) UpdateExtra(ctx context.Context, id int64, updates map
 	return errors.New("not implemented")
 }

+func (s *stubAccountRepo) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return errors.New("not implemented")
+}
+
+func (s *stubAccountRepo) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return errors.New("not implemented")
+}
+
 func (s *stubAccountRepo) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates service.AccountBulkUpdate) (int64, error) {
 	s.bulkUpdateIDs = append([]int64{}, ids...)
 	return int64(len(ids)), nil
--- a/backend/internal/server/routes/admin.go
+++ b/backend/internal/server/routes/admin.go
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ func registerAccountRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup, h *handler.Handlers) {
 		accounts.GET("/:id/today-stats", h.Admin.Account.GetTodayStats)
 		accounts.POST("/today-stats/batch", h.Admin.Account.GetBatchTodayStats)
 		accounts.POST("/:id/clear-rate-limit", h.Admin.Account.ClearRateLimit)
+		accounts.POST("/:id/reset-quota", h.Admin.Account.ResetQuota)
 		accounts.GET("/:id/temp-unschedulable", h.Admin.Account.GetTempUnschedulable)
 		accounts.DELETE("/:id/temp-unschedulable", h.Admin.Account.ClearTempUnschedulable)
 		accounts.POST("/:id/schedulable", h.Admin.Account.SetSchedulable)
--- a/backend/internal/service/account.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type Account struct {
 	// RateMultiplier 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0 表示该账号计费为 0）。
 	// 使用指针用于兼容旧版本调度缓存（Redis）中缺字段的情况：nil 表示按 1.0 处理。
 	RateMultiplier     *float64
+	LoadFactor         *int // 调度负载因子；nil 表示使用 Concurrency
 	Status             string
 	ErrorMessage       string
 	LastUsedAt         *time.Time
@@ -88,6 +89,19 @@ func (a *Account) BillingRateMultiplier() float64 {
 	return *a.RateMultiplier
 }

+func (a *Account) EffectiveLoadFactor() int {
+	if a == nil {
+		return 1
+	}
+	if a.LoadFactor != nil && *a.LoadFactor > 0 {
+		return *a.LoadFactor
+	}
+	if a.Concurrency > 0 {
+		return a.Concurrency
+	}
+	return 1
+}
+
 func (a *Account) IsSchedulable() bool {
 	if !a.IsActive() || !a.Schedulable {
 		return false
@@ -1117,6 +1131,38 @@ func (a *Account) GetCacheTTLOverrideTarget() string {
 	return "5m"
 }

+// GetQuotaLimit 获取 API Key 账号的配额限制（美元）
+// 返回 0 表示未启用
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaLimit() float64 {
+	if a.Extra == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if v, ok := a.Extra["quota_limit"]; ok {
+		return parseExtraFloat64(v)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// GetQuotaUsed 获取 API Key 账号的已用配额（美元）
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaUsed() float64 {
+	if a.Extra == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if v, ok := a.Extra["quota_used"]; ok {
+		return parseExtraFloat64(v)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// IsQuotaExceeded 检查 API Key 账号配额是否已超限
+func (a *Account) IsQuotaExceeded() bool {
+	limit := a.GetQuotaLimit()
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return a.GetQuotaUsed() >= limit
+}
+
 // GetWindowCostLimit 获取 5h 窗口费用阈值（美元）
 // 返回 0 表示未启用
 func (a *Account) GetWindowCostLimit() float64 {
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_load_factor_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_load_factor_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func intPtrHelper(v int) *int { return &v }
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NilAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	var a *Account
+	require.Equal(t, 1, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NilLoadFactor_PositiveConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 5}
+	require.Equal(t, 5, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NilLoadFactor_ZeroConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 0}
+	require.Equal(t, 1, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_PositiveLoadFactor(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 5, LoadFactor: intPtrHelper(20)}
+	require.Equal(t, 20, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_ZeroLoadFactor_FallbackToConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 5, LoadFactor: intPtrHelper(0)}
+	require.Equal(t, 5, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_NegativeLoadFactor_FallbackToConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 3, LoadFactor: intPtrHelper(-1)}
+	require.Equal(t, 3, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveLoadFactor_ZeroLoadFactor_ZeroConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Account{Concurrency: 0, LoadFactor: intPtrHelper(0)}
+	require.Equal(t, 1, a.EffectiveLoadFactor())
+}
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_service.go
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ type AccountRepository interface {
 	UpdateSessionWindow(ctx context.Context, id int64, start, end *time.Time, status string) error
 	UpdateExtra(ctx context.Context, id int64, updates map[string]any) error
 	BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates AccountBulkUpdate) (int64, error)
+	// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增 API Key 账号的配额用量
+	IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error
+	// ResetQuotaUsed 重置 API Key 账号的配额用量为 0
+	ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 }

 // AccountBulkUpdate describes the fields that can be updated in a bulk operation.
@@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ type AccountBulkUpdate struct {
 	Concurrency    *int
 	Priority       *int
 	RateMultiplier *float64
+	LoadFactor     *int
 	Status         *string
 	Schedulable    *bool
 	Credentials    map[string]any
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_service_delete_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_service_delete_test.go
@@ -199,6 +199,14 @@ func (s *accountRepoStub) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates A
 	panic("unexpected BulkUpdate call")
 }

+func (s *accountRepoStub) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *accountRepoStub) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // TestAccountService_Delete_NotFound 测试删除不存在的账号时返回正确的错误。
 // 预期行为：
 //   - ExistsByID 返回 false（账号不存在）
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) TestAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, accountID int
 	}

 	if account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity {
-		return s.testAntigravityAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+		return s.routeAntigravityTest(c, account, modelID)
 	}

 	if account.Platform == PlatformSora {
@@ -1177,6 +1177,18 @@ func truncateSoraErrorBody(body []byte, max int) string {
 	return soraerror.TruncateBody(body, max)
 }

+// routeAntigravityTest 路由 Antigravity 账号的测试请求。
+// APIKey 类型走原生协议（与 gateway_handler 路由一致），OAuth/Upstream 走 CRS 中转。
+func (s *AccountTestService) routeAntigravityTest(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string) error {
+	if account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(modelID, "gemini-") {
+			return s.testGeminiAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+		}
+		return s.testClaudeAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+	}
+	return s.testAntigravityAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
+}
+
 // testAntigravityAccountConnection tests an Antigravity account's connection
 // 支持 Claude 和 Gemini 两种协议，使用非流式请求
 func (s *AccountTestService) testAntigravityAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string) error {
--- a/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ type AdminService interface {
 	DeleteRedeemCode(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 	BatchDeleteRedeemCodes(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) (int64, error)
 	ExpireRedeemCode(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*RedeemCode, error)
+	ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 }

 // CreateUserInput represents input for creating a new user via admin operations.
@@ -195,6 +196,7 @@ type CreateAccountInput struct {
 	Concurrency        int
 	Priority           int
 	RateMultiplier     *float64 // 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0）
+	LoadFactor         *int
 	GroupIDs           []int64
 	ExpiresAt          *int64
 	AutoPauseOnExpired *bool
@@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ type UpdateAccountInput struct {
 	Concurrency           *int     // 使用指针区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
 	Priority              *int     // 使用指针区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
 	RateMultiplier        *float64 // 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0）
+	LoadFactor            *int
 	Status                string
 	GroupIDs              *[]int64
 	ExpiresAt             *int64
@@ -230,6 +233,7 @@ type BulkUpdateAccountsInput struct {
 	Concurrency    *int
 	Priority       *int
 	RateMultiplier *float64 // 账号计费倍率（>=0，允许 0）
+	LoadFactor     *int
 	Status         string
 	Schedulable    *bool
 	GroupIDs       *[]int64
@@ -1413,6 +1417,12 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateAccount(ctx context.Context, input *CreateAccou
 		}
 		account.RateMultiplier = input.RateMultiplier
 	}
+	if input.LoadFactor != nil && *input.LoadFactor > 0 {
+		if *input.LoadFactor > 10000 {
+			return nil, errors.New("load_factor must be <= 10000")
+		}
+		account.LoadFactor = input.LoadFactor
+	}
 	if err := s.accountRepo.Create(ctx, account); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1458,6 +1468,10 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateAccount(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *U
 		account.Credentials = input.Credentials
 	}
 	if len(input.Extra) > 0 {
+		// 保留 quota_used，防止编辑账号时意外重置配额用量
+		if oldQuotaUsed, ok := account.Extra["quota_used"]; ok {
+			input.Extra["quota_used"] = oldQuotaUsed
+		}
 		account.Extra = input.Extra
 	}
 	if input.ProxyID != nil {
@@ -1483,6 +1497,15 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateAccount(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *U
 		}
 		account.RateMultiplier = input.RateMultiplier
 	}
+	if input.LoadFactor != nil {
+		if *input.LoadFactor <= 0 {
+			account.LoadFactor = nil // 0 或负数表示清除
+		} else if *input.LoadFactor > 10000 {
+			return nil, errors.New("load_factor must be <= 10000")
+		} else {
+			account.LoadFactor = input.LoadFactor
+		}
+	}
 	if input.Status != "" {
 		account.Status = input.Status
 	}
@@ -1616,6 +1639,15 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) BulkUpdateAccounts(ctx context.Context, input *BulkUp
 	if input.RateMultiplier != nil {
 		repoUpdates.RateMultiplier = input.RateMultiplier
 	}
+	if input.LoadFactor != nil {
+		if *input.LoadFactor <= 0 {
+			repoUpdates.LoadFactor = nil // 0 或负数表示清除
+		} else if *input.LoadFactor > 10000 {
+			return nil, errors.New("load_factor must be <= 10000")
+		} else {
+			repoUpdates.LoadFactor = input.LoadFactor
+		}
+	}
 	if input.Status != "" {
 		repoUpdates.Status = &input.Status
 	}
@@ -2439,3 +2471,7 @@ func (e *MixedChannelError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("mixed_channel_warning: Group '%s' contains both %s and %s accounts. Using mixed channels in the same context may cause thinking block signature validation issues, which will fallback to non-thinking mode for historical messages.",
 		e.GroupName, e.CurrentPlatform, e.OtherPlatform)
 }
+
+func (s *adminServiceImpl) ResetAccountQuota(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return s.accountRepo.ResetQuotaUsed(ctx, id)
+}
--- a/backend/internal/service/billing_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/billing_service.go
@@ -43,15 +43,24 @@ type BillingCache interface {

 // ModelPricing 模型价格配置（per-token价格，与LiteLLM格式一致）
 type ModelPricing struct {
-	InputPricePerToken         float64 // 每token输入价格 (USD)
-	OutputPricePerToken        float64 // 每token输出价格 (USD)
-	CacheCreationPricePerToken float64 // 缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
-	CacheReadPricePerToken     float64 // 缓存读取每token价格 (USD)
-	CacheCreation5mPrice       float64 // 5分钟缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
-	CacheCreation1hPrice       float64 // 1小时缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
-	SupportsCacheBreakdown     bool    // 是否支持详细的缓存分类
+	InputPricePerToken          float64 // 每token输入价格 (USD)
+	OutputPricePerToken         float64 // 每token输出价格 (USD)
+	CacheCreationPricePerToken  float64 // 缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
+	CacheReadPricePerToken      float64 // 缓存读取每token价格 (USD)
+	CacheCreation5mPrice        float64 // 5分钟缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
+	CacheCreation1hPrice        float64 // 1小时缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
+	SupportsCacheBreakdown      bool    // 是否支持详细的缓存分类
+	LongContextInputThreshold   int     // 超过阈值后按整次会话提升输入价格
+	LongContextInputMultiplier  float64 // 长上下文整次会话输入倍率
+	LongContextOutputMultiplier float64 // 长上下文整次会话输出倍率
 }

+const (
+	openAIGPT54LongContextInputThreshold   = 272000
+	openAIGPT54LongContextInputMultiplier  = 2.0
+	openAIGPT54LongContextOutputMultiplier = 1.5
+)
+
 // UsageTokens 使用的token数量
 type UsageTokens struct {
 	InputTokens           int
@@ -161,6 +170,35 @@ func (s *BillingService) initFallbackPricing() {
 		CacheReadPricePerToken:     0.2e-6, // $0.20 per MTok
 		SupportsCacheBreakdown:     false,
 	}
+
+	// OpenAI GPT-5.1（本地兜底，防止动态定价不可用时拒绝计费）
+	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1"] = &ModelPricing{
+		InputPricePerToken:         1.25e-6, // $1.25 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerToken:        10e-6,   // $10 per MTok
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken: 1.25e-6, // $1.25 per MTok
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:     0.125e-6,
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:     false,
+	}
+	// OpenAI GPT-5.4（业务指定价格）
+	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.4"] = &ModelPricing{
+		InputPricePerToken:          2.5e-6,  // $2.5 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerToken:         15e-6,   // $15 per MTok
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken:  2.5e-6,  // $2.5 per MTok
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:      0.25e-6, // $0.25 per MTok
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:      false,
+		LongContextInputThreshold:   openAIGPT54LongContextInputThreshold,
+		LongContextInputMultiplier:  openAIGPT54LongContextInputMultiplier,
+		LongContextOutputMultiplier: openAIGPT54LongContextOutputMultiplier,
+	}
+	// Codex 族兜底统一按 GPT-5.1 Codex 价格计费
+	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1-codex"] = &ModelPricing{
+		InputPricePerToken:         1.5e-6, // $1.5 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerToken:        12e-6,  // $12 per MTok
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken: 1.5e-6, // $1.5 per MTok
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:     0.15e-6,
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:     false,
+	}
+	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.3-codex"] = s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1-codex"]
 }

 // getFallbackPricing 根据模型系列获取回退价格
@@ -189,12 +227,30 @@ func (s *BillingService) getFallbackPricing(model string) *ModelPricing {
 		}
 		return s.fallbackPrices["claude-3-haiku"]
 	}
+	// Claude 未知型号统一回退到 Sonnet，避免计费中断。
+	if strings.Contains(modelLower, "claude") {
+		return s.fallbackPrices["claude-sonnet-4"]
+	}
 	if strings.Contains(modelLower, "gemini-3.1-pro") || strings.Contains(modelLower, "gemini-3-1-pro") {
 		return s.fallbackPrices["gemini-3.1-pro"]
 	}

-	// 默认使用Sonnet价格
-	return s.fallbackPrices["claude-sonnet-4"]
+	// OpenAI 仅匹配已知 GPT-5/Codex 族，避免未知 OpenAI 型号误计价。
+	if strings.Contains(modelLower, "gpt-5") || strings.Contains(modelLower, "codex") {
+		normalized := normalizeCodexModel(modelLower)
+		switch normalized {
+		case "gpt-5.4":
+			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.4"]
+		case "gpt-5.3-codex":
+			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.3-codex"]
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex", "gpt-5.1-codex-max", "gpt-5.1-codex-mini", "codex-mini-latest":
+			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1-codex"]
+		case "gpt-5.1":
+			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1"]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

 // GetModelPricing 获取模型价格配置
@@ -212,15 +268,18 @@ func (s *BillingService) GetModelPricing(model string) (*ModelPricing, error) {
 			price5m := litellmPricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCost
 			price1h := litellmPricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCostAbove1hr
 			enableBreakdown := price1h > 0 && price1h > price5m
-			return &ModelPricing{
-				InputPricePerToken:         litellmPricing.InputCostPerToken,
-				OutputPricePerToken:        litellmPricing.OutputCostPerToken,
-				CacheCreationPricePerToken: litellmPricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCost,
-				CacheReadPricePerToken:     litellmPricing.CacheReadInputTokenCost,
-				CacheCreation5mPrice:       price5m,
-				CacheCreation1hPrice:       price1h,
-				SupportsCacheBreakdown:     enableBreakdown,
-			}, nil
+			return s.applyModelSpecificPricingPolicy(model, &ModelPricing{
+				InputPricePerToken:          litellmPricing.InputCostPerToken,
+				OutputPricePerToken:         litellmPricing.OutputCostPerToken,
+				CacheCreationPricePerToken:  litellmPricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCost,
+				CacheReadPricePerToken:      litellmPricing.CacheReadInputTokenCost,
+				CacheCreation5mPrice:        price5m,
+				CacheCreation1hPrice:        price1h,
+				SupportsCacheBreakdown:      enableBreakdown,
+				LongContextInputThreshold:   litellmPricing.LongContextInputTokenThreshold,
+				LongContextInputMultiplier:  litellmPricing.LongContextInputCostMultiplier,
+				LongContextOutputMultiplier: litellmPricing.LongContextOutputCostMultiplier,
+			}), nil
 		}
 	}

@@ -228,7 +287,7 @@ func (s *BillingService) GetModelPricing(model string) (*ModelPricing, error) {
 	fallback := s.getFallbackPricing(model)
 	if fallback != nil {
 		log.Printf("[Billing] Using fallback pricing for model: %s", model)
-		return fallback, nil
+		return s.applyModelSpecificPricingPolicy(model, fallback), nil
 	}

 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("pricing not found for model: %s", model)
@@ -242,12 +301,18 @@ func (s *BillingService) CalculateCost(model string, tokens UsageTokens, rateMul
 	}

 	breakdown := &CostBreakdown{}
+	inputPricePerToken := pricing.InputPricePerToken
+	outputPricePerToken := pricing.OutputPricePerToken
+	if s.shouldApplySessionLongContextPricing(tokens, pricing) {
+		inputPricePerToken *= pricing.LongContextInputMultiplier
+		outputPricePerToken *= pricing.LongContextOutputMultiplier
+	}

 	// 计算输入token费用（使用per-token价格）
-	breakdown.InputCost = float64(tokens.InputTokens) * pricing.InputPricePerToken
+	breakdown.InputCost = float64(tokens.InputTokens) * inputPricePerToken

 	// 计算输出token费用
-	breakdown.OutputCost = float64(tokens.OutputTokens) * pricing.OutputPricePerToken
+	breakdown.OutputCost = float64(tokens.OutputTokens) * outputPricePerToken

 	// 计算缓存费用
 	if pricing.SupportsCacheBreakdown && (pricing.CacheCreation5mPrice > 0 || pricing.CacheCreation1hPrice > 0) {
@@ -279,6 +344,45 @@ func (s *BillingService) CalculateCost(model string, tokens UsageTokens, rateMul
 	return breakdown, nil
 }

+func (s *BillingService) applyModelSpecificPricingPolicy(model string, pricing *ModelPricing) *ModelPricing {
+	if pricing == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !isOpenAIGPT54Model(model) {
+		return pricing
+	}
+	if pricing.LongContextInputThreshold > 0 && pricing.LongContextInputMultiplier > 0 && pricing.LongContextOutputMultiplier > 0 {
+		return pricing
+	}
+	cloned := *pricing
+	if cloned.LongContextInputThreshold <= 0 {
+		cloned.LongContextInputThreshold = openAIGPT54LongContextInputThreshold
+	}
+	if cloned.LongContextInputMultiplier <= 0 {
+		cloned.LongContextInputMultiplier = openAIGPT54LongContextInputMultiplier
+	}
+	if cloned.LongContextOutputMultiplier <= 0 {
+		cloned.LongContextOutputMultiplier = openAIGPT54LongContextOutputMultiplier
+	}
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+func (s *BillingService) shouldApplySessionLongContextPricing(tokens UsageTokens, pricing *ModelPricing) bool {
+	if pricing == nil || pricing.LongContextInputThreshold <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if pricing.LongContextInputMultiplier <= 1 && pricing.LongContextOutputMultiplier <= 1 {
+		return false
+	}
+	totalInputTokens := tokens.InputTokens + tokens.CacheReadTokens
+	return totalInputTokens > pricing.LongContextInputThreshold
+}
+
+func isOpenAIGPT54Model(model string) bool {
+	normalized := normalizeCodexModel(strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(model)))
+	return normalized == "gpt-5.4"
+}
+
 // CalculateCostWithConfig 使用配置中的默认倍率计算费用
 func (s *BillingService) CalculateCostWithConfig(model string, tokens UsageTokens) (*CostBreakdown, error) {
 	multiplier := s.cfg.Default.RateMultiplier
--- a/backend/internal/service/billing_service_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/billing_service_test.go
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func TestGetModelPricing_CaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, p1.InputPricePerToken, p2.InputPricePerToken)
 }

-func TestGetModelPricing_UnknownModelFallsBackToSonnet(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGetModelPricing_UnknownClaudeModelFallsBackToSonnet(t *testing.T) {
 	svc := newTestBillingService()

 	// 不包含 opus/sonnet/haiku 关键词的 Claude 模型会走默认 Sonnet 价格
@@ -142,6 +142,93 @@ func TestGetModelPricing_UnknownModelFallsBackToSonnet(t *testing.T) {
 	require.InDelta(t, 3e-6, pricing.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
 }

+func TestGetModelPricing_UnknownOpenAIModelReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+
+	pricing, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-unknown-model")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, pricing)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "pricing not found")
+}
+
+func TestGetModelPricing_OpenAIGPT51Fallback(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+
+	pricing, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, pricing)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.25e-6, pricing.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+}
+
+func TestGetModelPricing_OpenAIGPT54Fallback(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+
+	pricing, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.4")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, pricing)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.5e-6, pricing.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 15e-6, pricing.OutputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.25e-6, pricing.CacheReadPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.Equal(t, 272000, pricing.LongContextInputThreshold)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.0, pricing.LongContextInputMultiplier, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.5, pricing.LongContextOutputMultiplier, 1e-12)
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCost_OpenAIGPT54LongContextAppliesWholeSessionMultipliers(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+
+	tokens := UsageTokens{
+		InputTokens:  300000,
+		OutputTokens: 4000,
+	}
+
+	cost, err := svc.CalculateCost("gpt-5.4-2026-03-05", tokens, 1.0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	expectedInput := float64(tokens.InputTokens) * 2.5e-6 * 2.0
+	expectedOutput := float64(tokens.OutputTokens) * 15e-6 * 1.5
+	require.InDelta(t, expectedInput, cost.InputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, expectedOutput, cost.OutputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, expectedInput+expectedOutput, cost.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, expectedInput+expectedOutput, cost.ActualCost, 1e-10)
+}
+
+func TestGetFallbackPricing_FamilyMatching(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		model            string
+		expectedInput    float64
+		expectNilPricing bool
+	}{
+		{name: "empty model", model: "   ", expectNilPricing: true},
+		{name: "claude opus 4.6", model: "claude-opus-4.6-20260201", expectedInput: 5e-6},
+		{name: "claude opus 4.5 alt separator", model: "claude-opus-4-5-20260101", expectedInput: 5e-6},
+		{name: "claude generic model fallback sonnet", model: "claude-foo-bar", expectedInput: 3e-6},
+		{name: "gemini explicit fallback", model: "gemini-3-1-pro", expectedInput: 2e-6},
+		{name: "gemini unknown no fallback", model: "gemini-2.0-pro", expectNilPricing: true},
+		{name: "openai gpt5.1", model: "gpt-5.1", expectedInput: 1.25e-6},
+		{name: "openai gpt5.4", model: "gpt-5.4", expectedInput: 2.5e-6},
+		{name: "openai gpt5.3 codex", model: "gpt-5.3-codex", expectedInput: 1.5e-6},
+		{name: "openai gpt5.1 codex max alias", model: "gpt-5.1-codex-max", expectedInput: 1.5e-6},
+		{name: "openai codex mini latest alias", model: "codex-mini-latest", expectedInput: 1.5e-6},
+		{name: "openai unknown no fallback", model: "gpt-unknown-model", expectNilPricing: true},
+		{name: "non supported family", model: "qwen-max", expectNilPricing: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			pricing := svc.getFallbackPricing(tt.model)
+			if tt.expectNilPricing {
+				require.Nil(t, pricing)
+				return
+			}
+			require.NotNil(t, pricing)
+			require.InDelta(t, tt.expectedInput, pricing.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+		})
+	}
+}
 func TestCalculateCostWithLongContext_BelowThreshold(t *testing.T) {
 	svc := newTestBillingService()

--- a/backend/internal/service/gateway_multiplatform_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/gateway_multiplatform_test.go
@@ -187,6 +187,14 @@ func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64
 	return 0, nil
 }

+func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Verify interface implementation
 var _ AccountRepository = (*mockAccountRepoForPlatform)(nil)

--- a/backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go
@@ -1228,6 +1228,10 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 				modelScopeSkippedIDs = append(modelScopeSkippedIDs, account.ID)
 				continue
 			}
+			// 配额检查
+			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) {
+				continue
+			}
 			// 窗口费用检查（非粘性会话路径）
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, false) {
 				filteredWindowCost++
@@ -1260,6 +1264,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 							s.isAccountAllowedForPlatform(stickyAccount, platform, useMixed) &&
 							(requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, stickyAccount, requestedModel)) &&
 							s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, stickyAccount, requestedModel) &&
+							s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(stickyAccount) &&
 							s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, stickyAccount, true) &&

 							s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, stickyAccount, true) { // 粘性会话窗口费用+RPM 检查
@@ -1311,7 +1316,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 			for _, acc := range routingCandidates {
 				routingLoads = append(routingLoads, AccountWithConcurrency{
 					ID:             acc.ID,
-					MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+					MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 				})
 			}
 			routingLoadMap, _ := s.concurrencyService.GetAccountsLoadBatch(ctx, routingLoads)
@@ -1416,6 +1421,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 					s.isAccountAllowedForPlatform(account, platform, useMixed) &&
 					(requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) &&
 					s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) &&
+					s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) &&
 					s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) &&

 					s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) { // 粘性会话窗口费用+RPM 检查
@@ -1480,6 +1486,10 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 			continue
 		}
+		// 配额检查
+		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+			continue
+		}
 		// 窗口费用检查（非粘性会话路径）
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 			continue
@@ -1499,7 +1509,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Context, gro
 	for _, acc := range candidates {
 		accountLoads = append(accountLoads, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}

@@ -2113,6 +2123,15 @@ func (s *GatewayService) withWindowCostPrefetch(ctx context.Context, accounts []
 	return context.WithValue(ctx, windowCostPrefetchContextKey, costs)
 }

+// isAccountSchedulableForQuota 检查 API Key 账号是否在配额限制内
+// 仅适用于配置了 quota_limit 的 apikey 类型账号
+func (s *GatewayService) isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account *Account) bool {
+	if account.Type != AccountTypeAPIKey {
+		return true
+	}
+	return !account.IsQuotaExceeded()
+}
+
 // isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost 检查账号是否可根据窗口费用进行调度
 // 仅适用于 Anthropic OAuth/SetupToken 账号
 // 返回 true 表示可调度，false 表示不可调度
@@ -2590,7 +2609,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 						if clearSticky {
 							_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 						}
-						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 							if s.debugModelRoutingEnabled() {
 								logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[ModelRoutingDebug] legacy routed sticky hit: group_id=%v model=%s session=%s account=%d", derefGroupID(groupID), requestedModel, shortSessionHash(sessionHash), accountID)
 							}
@@ -2644,6 +2663,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 				continue
 			}
+			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+				continue
+			}
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -2700,7 +2722,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 					if clearSticky {
 						_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 					}
-					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && account.Platform == platform && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 						return account, nil
 					}
 				}
@@ -2743,6 +2765,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithPlatform(ctx context.Context,
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+			continue
+		}
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -2818,7 +2843,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 						if clearSticky {
 							_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 						}
-						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+						if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 							if account.Platform == nativePlatform || (account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity && account.IsMixedSchedulingEnabled()) {
 								if s.debugModelRoutingEnabled() {
 									logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[ModelRoutingDebug] legacy mixed routed sticky hit: group_id=%v model=%s session=%s account=%d", derefGroupID(groupID), requestedModel, shortSessionHash(sessionHash), accountID)
@@ -2874,6 +2899,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 				continue
 			}
+			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+				continue
+			}
 			if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -2930,7 +2958,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 					if clearSticky {
 						_ = s.cache.DeleteSessionAccountID(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), sessionHash)
 					}
-					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
+					if !clearSticky && s.isAccountInGroup(account, groupID) && (requestedModel == "" || s.isModelSupportedByAccountWithContext(ctx, account, requestedModel)) && s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, account, requestedModel) && s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(account) && s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, account, true) && s.isAccountSchedulableForRPM(ctx, account, true) {
 						if account.Platform == nativePlatform || (account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity && account.IsMixedSchedulingEnabled()) {
 							return account, nil
 						}
@@ -2975,6 +3003,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) selectAccountWithMixedScheduling(ctx context.Context, g
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForModelSelection(ctx, acc, requestedModel) {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForQuota(acc) {
+			continue
+		}
 		if !s.isAccountSchedulableForWindowCost(ctx, acc, false) {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -6379,6 +6410,89 @@ type APIKeyQuotaUpdater interface {
 	UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error
 }

+// postUsageBillingParams 统一扣费所需的参数
+type postUsageBillingParams struct {
+	Cost                  *CostBreakdown
+	User                  *User
+	APIKey                *APIKey
+	Account               *Account
+	Subscription          *UserSubscription
+	IsSubscriptionBill    bool
+	AccountRateMultiplier float64
+	APIKeyService         APIKeyQuotaUpdater
+}
+
+// postUsageBilling 统一处理使用量记录后的扣费逻辑：
+//   - 订阅/余额扣费
+//   - API Key 配额更新
+//   - API Key 限速用量更新
+//   - 账号配额用量更新（账号口径：TotalCost × 账号计费倍率）
+func postUsageBilling(ctx context.Context, p *postUsageBillingParams, deps *billingDeps) {
+	cost := p.Cost
+
+	// 1. 订阅 / 余额扣费
+	if p.IsSubscriptionBill {
+		if cost.TotalCost > 0 {
+			if err := deps.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, p.Subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("increment subscription usage failed", "subscription_id", p.Subscription.ID, "error", err)
+			}
+			deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(p.User.ID, *p.APIKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if cost.ActualCost > 0 {
+			if err := deps.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, p.User.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("deduct balance failed", "user_id", p.User.ID, "error", err)
+			}
+			deps.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(p.User.ID, cost.ActualCost)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. API Key 配额
+	if cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.Quota > 0 && p.APIKeyService != nil {
+		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("update api key quota failed", "api_key_id", p.APIKey.ID, "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 3. API Key 限速用量
+	if cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.HasRateLimits() && p.APIKeyService != nil {
+		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("update api key rate limit usage failed", "api_key_id", p.APIKey.ID, "error", err)
+		}
+		deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
+	}
+
+	// 4. 账号配额用量（账号口径：TotalCost × 账号计费倍率）
+	if cost.TotalCost > 0 && p.Account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey && p.Account.GetQuotaLimit() > 0 {
+		accountCost := cost.TotalCost * p.AccountRateMultiplier
+		if err := deps.accountRepo.IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx, p.Account.ID, accountCost); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("increment account quota used failed", "account_id", p.Account.ID, "cost", accountCost, "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 5. 更新账号最近使用时间
+	deps.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(p.Account.ID)
+}
+
+// billingDeps 扣费逻辑依赖的服务（由各 gateway service 提供）
+type billingDeps struct {
+	accountRepo         AccountRepository
+	userRepo            UserRepository
+	userSubRepo         UserSubscriptionRepository
+	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService
+	deferredService     *DeferredService
+}
+
+func (s *GatewayService) billingDeps() *billingDeps {
+	return &billingDeps{
+		accountRepo:         s.accountRepo,
+		userRepo:            s.userRepo,
+		userSubRepo:         s.userSubRepo,
+		billingCacheService: s.billingCacheService,
+		deferredService:     s.deferredService,
+	}
+}
+
 // RecordUsage 记录使用量并扣费（或更新订阅用量）
 func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInput) error {
 	result := input.Result
@@ -6542,45 +6656,21 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInpu

 	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil

-	// 根据计费类型执行扣费
-	if isSubscriptionBilling {
-		// 订阅模式：更新订阅用量（使用 TotalCost 原始费用，不考虑倍率）
-		if shouldBill && cost.TotalCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Increment subscription usage failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新订阅缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(user.ID, *apiKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
-		}
+	if shouldBill {
+		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+			Cost:                  cost,
+			User:                  user,
+			APIKey:                apiKey,
+			Account:               account,
+			Subscription:          subscription,
+			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
+			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
+			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
+		}, s.billingDeps())
 	} else {
-		// 余额模式：扣除用户余额（使用 ActualCost 考虑倍率后的费用）
-		if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, user.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Deduct balance failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新余额缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-		}
+		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 	}

-	// 更新 API Key 配额（如果设置了配额限制）
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.Quota > 0 && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Update API key quota failed: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update API Key rate limit usage
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.HasRateLimits() && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Update API key rate limit usage failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-	}
-
-	// Schedule batch update for account last_used_at
-	s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
-
 	return nil
 }

@@ -6740,44 +6830,21 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsageWithLongContext(ctx context.Context, input *

 	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil

-	// 根据计费类型执行扣费
-	if isSubscriptionBilling {
-		// 订阅模式：更新订阅用量（使用 TotalCost 原始费用，不考虑倍率）
-		if shouldBill && cost.TotalCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Increment subscription usage failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新订阅缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(user.ID, *apiKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
-		}
+	if shouldBill {
+		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+			Cost:                  cost,
+			User:                  user,
+			APIKey:                apiKey,
+			Account:               account,
+			Subscription:          subscription,
+			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
+			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
+			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
+		}, s.billingDeps())
 	} else {
-		// 余额模式：扣除用户余额（使用 ActualCost 考虑倍率后的费用）
-		if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 {
-			if err := s.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, user.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Deduct balance failed: %v", err)
-			}
-			// 异步更新余额缓存
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-			// API Key 独立配额扣费
-			if input.APIKeyService != nil && apiKey.Quota > 0 {
-				if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Add API key quota used failed: %v", err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 	}

-	// Update API Key rate limit usage
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.HasRateLimits() && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Update API key rate limit usage failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-	}
-
-	// Schedule batch update for account last_used_at
-	s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
-
 	return nil
 }

--- a/backend/internal/service/gemini_multiplatform_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/gemini_multiplatform_test.go
@@ -176,6 +176,14 @@ func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64,
 	return 0, nil
 }

+func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Verify interface implementation
 var _ AccountRepository = (*mockAccountRepoForGemini)(nil)

--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_account_scheduler.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_account_scheduler.go
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectBySessionHash(
 	}

 	cfg := s.service.schedulingConfig()
+	// WaitPlan.MaxConcurrency 使用 Concurrency（非 EffectiveLoadFactor），因为 WaitPlan 控制的是 Redis 实际并发槽位等待。
 	if s.service.concurrencyService != nil {
 		return &AccountSelectionResult{
 			Account: account,
@@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectByLoadBalance(
 		filtered = append(filtered, account)
 		loadReq = append(loadReq, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             account.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: account.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: account.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 	if len(filtered) == 0 {
@@ -703,6 +704,7 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectByLoadBalance(
 	}

 	cfg := s.service.schedulingConfig()
+	// WaitPlan.MaxConcurrency 使用 Concurrency（非 EffectiveLoadFactor），因为 WaitPlan 控制的是 Redis 实际并发槽位等待。
 	candidate := selectionOrder[0]
 	return &AccountSelectionResult{
 		Account: candidate.account,
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_codex_transform.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_codex_transform.go
@@ -9,6 +9,13 @@ import (
 var codexCLIInstructions string

 var codexModelMap = map[string]string{
+	"gpt-5.4":                    "gpt-5.4",
+	"gpt-5.4-none":               "gpt-5.4",
+	"gpt-5.4-low":                "gpt-5.4",
+	"gpt-5.4-medium":             "gpt-5.4",
+	"gpt-5.4-high":               "gpt-5.4",
+	"gpt-5.4-xhigh":              "gpt-5.4",
+	"gpt-5.4-chat-latest":        "gpt-5.4",
 	"gpt-5.3":                    "gpt-5.3-codex",
 	"gpt-5.3-none":               "gpt-5.3-codex",
 	"gpt-5.3-low":                "gpt-5.3-codex",
@@ -154,6 +161,9 @@ func normalizeCodexModel(model string) string {

 	normalized := strings.ToLower(modelID)

+	if strings.Contains(normalized, "gpt-5.4") || strings.Contains(normalized, "gpt 5.4") {
+		return "gpt-5.4"
+	}
 	if strings.Contains(normalized, "gpt-5.2-codex") || strings.Contains(normalized, "gpt 5.2 codex") {
 		return "gpt-5.2-codex"
 	}
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_codex_transform_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_codex_transform_test.go
@@ -167,6 +167,10 @@ func TestApplyCodexOAuthTransform_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {

 func TestNormalizeCodexModel_Gpt53(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := map[string]string{
+		"gpt-5.4":                   "gpt-5.4",
+		"gpt-5.4-high":              "gpt-5.4",
+		"gpt-5.4-chat-latest":       "gpt-5.4",
+		"gpt 5.4":                   "gpt-5.4",
 		"gpt-5.3":                   "gpt-5.3-codex",
 		"gpt-5.3-codex":             "gpt-5.3-codex",
 		"gpt-5.3-codex-xhigh":       "gpt-5.3-codex",
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
@@ -319,6 +319,16 @@ func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 	return svc
 }

+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) billingDeps() *billingDeps {
+	return &billingDeps{
+		accountRepo:         s.accountRepo,
+		userRepo:            s.userRepo,
+		userSubRepo:         s.userSubRepo,
+		billingCacheService: s.billingCacheService,
+		deferredService:     s.deferredService,
+	}
+}
+
 // CloseOpenAIWSPool 关闭 OpenAI WebSocket 连接池的后台 worker 和空闲连接。
 // 应在应用优雅关闭时调用。
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) CloseOpenAIWSPool() {
@@ -1242,7 +1252,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Contex
 	for _, acc := range candidates {
 		accountLoads = append(accountLoads, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}

@@ -3474,37 +3484,21 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec

 	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil

-	// Deduct based on billing type
-	if isSubscriptionBilling {
-		if shouldBill && cost.TotalCost > 0 {
-			_ = s.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost)
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(user.ID, *apiKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
-		}
+	if shouldBill {
+		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+			Cost:                  cost,
+			User:                  user,
+			APIKey:                apiKey,
+			Account:               account,
+			Subscription:          subscription,
+			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
+			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
+			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
+		}, s.billingDeps())
 	} else {
-		if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 {
-			_ = s.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-			s.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(user.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-		}
+		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 	}

-	// Update API key quota if applicable (only for balance mode with quota set)
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.Quota > 0 && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Update API key quota failed: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update API Key rate limit usage
-	if shouldBill && cost.ActualCost > 0 && apiKey.HasRateLimits() && input.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := input.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Update API key rate limit usage failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		s.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(apiKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
-	}
-
-	// Schedule batch update for account last_used_at
-	s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
-
 	return nil
 }

--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go
@@ -864,7 +864,8 @@ func isOpenAIWSClientDisconnectError(err error) bool {
 		strings.Contains(message, "unexpected eof") ||
 		strings.Contains(message, "use of closed network connection") ||
 		strings.Contains(message, "connection reset by peer") ||
-		strings.Contains(message, "broken pipe")
+		strings.Contains(message, "broken pipe") ||
+		strings.Contains(message, "an established connection was aborted")
 }

 func classifyOpenAIWSReadFallbackReason(err error) string {
--- a/backend/internal/service/ops_concurrency.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/ops_concurrency.go
@@ -64,8 +64,12 @@ func (s *OpsService) getAccountsLoadMapBestEffort(ctx context.Context, accounts
 		if acc.ID <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		if prev, ok := unique[acc.ID]; !ok || acc.Concurrency > prev {
-			unique[acc.ID] = acc.Concurrency
+		c := acc.Concurrency
+		if c <= 0 {
+			c = 1
+		}
+		if prev, ok := unique[acc.ID]; !ok || c > prev {
+			unique[acc.ID] = c
 		}
 	}

--- a/backend/internal/service/ops_metrics_collector.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/ops_metrics_collector.go
@@ -389,13 +389,9 @@ func (c *OpsMetricsCollector) collectConcurrencyQueueDepth(parentCtx context.Con
 		if acc.ID <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		maxConc := acc.Concurrency
-		if maxConc < 0 {
-			maxConc = 0
-		}
 		batch = append(batch, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: maxConc,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
 		})
 	}
 	if len(batch) == 0 {
--- a/backend/internal/service/pricing_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/pricing_service.go
@@ -21,8 +21,19 @@ import (
 )

 var (
-	openAIModelDatePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`-\d{8}$`)
-	openAIModelBasePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^(gpt-\d+(?:\.\d+)?)(?:-|$)`)
+	openAIModelDatePattern     = regexp.MustCompile(`-\d{8}$`)
+	openAIModelBasePattern     = regexp.MustCompile(`^(gpt-\d+(?:\.\d+)?)(?:-|$)`)
+	openAIGPT54FallbackPricing = &LiteLLMModelPricing{
+		InputCostPerToken:               2.5e-06, // $2.5 per MTok
+		OutputCostPerToken:              1.5e-05, // $15 per MTok
+		CacheReadInputTokenCost:         2.5e-07, // $0.25 per MTok
+		LongContextInputTokenThreshold:  272000,
+		LongContextInputCostMultiplier:  2.0,
+		LongContextOutputCostMultiplier: 1.5,
+		LiteLLMProvider:                 "openai",
+		Mode:                            "chat",
+		SupportsPromptCaching:           true,
+	}
 )

 // LiteLLMModelPricing LiteLLM价格数据结构
@@ -33,6 +44,9 @@ type LiteLLMModelPricing struct {
 	CacheCreationInputTokenCost         float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost"`
 	CacheCreationInputTokenCostAbove1hr float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost_above_1hr"`
 	CacheReadInputTokenCost             float64 `json:"cache_read_input_token_cost"`
+	LongContextInputTokenThreshold      int     `json:"long_context_input_token_threshold,omitempty"`
+	LongContextInputCostMultiplier      float64 `json:"long_context_input_cost_multiplier,omitempty"`
+	LongContextOutputCostMultiplier     float64 `json:"long_context_output_cost_multiplier,omitempty"`
 	LiteLLMProvider                     string  `json:"litellm_provider"`
 	Mode                                string  `json:"mode"`
 	SupportsPromptCaching               bool    `json:"supports_prompt_caching"`
@@ -660,7 +674,8 @@ func (s *PricingService) matchByModelFamily(model string) *LiteLLMModelPricing {
 // 2. gpt-5.2-codex -> gpt-5.2（去掉后缀如 -codex, -mini, -max 等）
 // 3. gpt-5.2-20251222 -> gpt-5.2（去掉日期版本号）
 // 4. gpt-5.3-codex -> gpt-5.2-codex
-// 5. 最终回退到 DefaultTestModel (gpt-5.1-codex)
+// 5. gpt-5.4* -> 业务静态兜底价
+// 6. 最终回退到 DefaultTestModel (gpt-5.1-codex)
 func (s *PricingService) matchOpenAIModel(model string) *LiteLLMModelPricing {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(model, "gpt-5.3-codex-spark") {
 		if pricing, ok := s.pricingData["gpt-5.1-codex"]; ok {
@@ -690,6 +705,12 @@ func (s *PricingService) matchOpenAIModel(model string) *LiteLLMModelPricing {
 		}
 	}

+	if strings.HasPrefix(model, "gpt-5.4") {
+		logger.With(zap.String("component", "service.pricing")).
+			Info(fmt.Sprintf("[Pricing] OpenAI fallback matched %s -> %s", model, "gpt-5.4(static)"))
+		return openAIGPT54FallbackPricing
+	}
+
 	// 最终回退到 DefaultTestModel
 	defaultModel := strings.ToLower(openai.DefaultTestModel)
 	if pricing, ok := s.pricingData[defaultModel]; ok {
--- a/backend/internal/service/pricing_service_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/pricing_service_test.go
@@ -51,3 +51,20 @@ func TestGetModelPricing_OpenAIFallbackMatchedLoggedAsInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, logSink.ContainsMessageAtLevel("[Pricing] OpenAI fallback matched gpt-5.3-codex -> gpt-5.2-codex", "info"))
 	require.False(t, logSink.ContainsMessageAtLevel("[Pricing] OpenAI fallback matched gpt-5.3-codex -> gpt-5.2-codex", "warn"))
 }
+
+func TestGetModelPricing_Gpt54UsesStaticFallbackWhenRemoteMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &PricingService{
+		pricingData: map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing{
+			"gpt-5.1-codex": &LiteLLMModelPricing{InputCostPerToken: 1.25e-6},
+		},
+	}
+
+	got := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.4")
+	require.NotNil(t, got)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.5e-6, got.InputCostPerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.5e-5, got.OutputCostPerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.5e-7, got.CacheReadInputTokenCost, 1e-12)
+	require.Equal(t, 272000, got.LongContextInputTokenThreshold)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.0, got.LongContextInputCostMultiplier, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.5, got.LongContextOutputCostMultiplier, 1e-12)
+}
--- a/backend/internal/service/subscription_calculate_progress_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/subscription_calculate_progress_test.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestCalculateProgress_BasicFields(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(100), progress.ID)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Premium", progress.GroupName)
 	assert.Equal(t, sub.ExpiresAt, progress.ExpiresAt)
-	assert.Equal(t, 29, progress.ExpiresInDays) // 约 30 天
+	assert.True(t, progress.ExpiresInDays == 29 || progress.ExpiresInDays == 30, "ExpiresInDays should be 29 or 30, got %d", progress.ExpiresInDays)
 	assert.Nil(t, progress.Daily, "无日限额时 Daily 应为 nil")
 	assert.Nil(t, progress.Weekly, "无周限额时 Weekly 应为 nil")
 	assert.Nil(t, progress.Monthly, "无月限额时 Monthly 应为 nil")
--- a/backend/migrations/067_add_account_load_factor.sql
+++ b/backend/migrations/067_add_account_load_factor.sql
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE accounts ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS load_factor INTEGER;
--- a/backend/resources/model-pricing/model_prices_and_context_window.json
+++ b/backend/resources/model-pricing/model_prices_and_context_window.json
@@ -5140,6 +5140,39 @@
    "supports_vision": true,
    "supports_web_search": true
  },
+  "gpt-5.4": {
+    "cache_read_input_token_cost": 2.5e-07,
+    "input_cost_per_token": 2.5e-06,
+    "litellm_provider": "openai",
+    "max_input_tokens": 1050000,
+    "max_output_tokens": 128000,
+    "max_tokens": 128000,
+    "mode": "chat",
+    "output_cost_per_token": 1.5e-05,
+    "supported_endpoints": [
+      "/v1/chat/completions",
+      "/v1/responses"
+    ],
+    "supported_modalities": [
+      "text",
+      "image"
+    ],
+    "supported_output_modalities": [
+      "text",
+      "image"
+    ],
+    "supports_function_calling": true,
+    "supports_native_streaming": true,
+    "supports_parallel_function_calling": true,
+    "supports_pdf_input": true,
+    "supports_prompt_caching": true,
+    "supports_reasoning": true,
+    "supports_response_schema": true,
+    "supports_service_tier": true,
+    "supports_system_messages": true,
+    "supports_tool_choice": true,
+    "supports_vision": true
+  },
  "gpt-5.3-codex": {
    "cache_read_input_token_cost": 1.75e-07,
    "cache_read_input_token_cost_priority": 3.5e-07,
--- a/frontend/src/api/admin/accounts.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api/admin/accounts.ts
@@ -240,6 +240,18 @@ export async function clearRateLimit(id: number): Promise<Account> {
  return data
 }

+/**
+ * Reset account quota usage
+ * @param id - Account ID
+ * @returns Updated account
+ */
+export async function resetAccountQuota(id: number): Promise<Account> {
+  const { data } = await apiClient.post<Account>(
+    `/admin/accounts/${id}/reset-quota`
+  )
+  return data
+}
+
 /**
 * Get temporary unschedulable status
 * @param id - Account ID
@@ -576,6 +588,7 @@ export const accountsAPI = {
  getTodayStats,
  getBatchTodayStats,
  clearRateLimit,
+  resetAccountQuota,
  getTempUnschedulableStatus,
  resetTempUnschedulable,
  setSchedulable,
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/AccountCapacityCell.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/AccountCapacityCell.vue
@@ -71,6 +71,24 @@
        <span class="text-[9px] opacity-60">{{ rpmStrategyTag }}</span>
      </span>
    </div>
+
+    <!-- API Key 账号配额限制 -->
+    <div v-if="showQuotaLimit" class="flex items-center gap-1">
+      <span
+        :class="[
+          'inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[10px] font-medium',
+          quotaClass
+        ]"
+        :title="quotaTooltip"
+      >
+        <svg class="h-2.5 w-2.5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
+          <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M2.25 18.75a60.07 60.07 0 0115.797 2.101c.727.198 1.453-.342 1.453-1.096V18.75M3.75 4.5v.75A.75.75 0 013 6h-.75m0 0v-.375c0-.621.504-1.125 1.125-1.125H20.25M2.25 6v9m18-10.5v.75c0 .414.336.75.75.75h.75m-1.5-1.5h.375c.621 0 1.125.504 1.125 1.125v9.75c0 .621-.504 1.125-1.125 1.125h-.375m1.5-1.5H21a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v.75m0 0H3.75m0 0h-.375a1.125 1.125 0 01-1.125-1.125V15m1.5 1.5v-.75A.75.75 0 003 15h-.75M15 10.5a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm3 0h.008v.008H18V10.5zm-12 0h.008v.008H6V10.5z" />
+        </svg>
+        <span class="font-mono">${{ formatCost(currentQuotaUsed) }}</span>
+        <span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">/</span>
+        <span class="font-mono">${{ formatCost(account.quota_limit) }}</span>
+      </span>
+    </div>
  </div>
 </template>

@@ -286,6 +304,48 @@ const rpmTooltip = computed(() => {
  }
 })

+// 是否显示配额限制（仅 apikey 类型且设置了 quota_limit）
+const showQuotaLimit = computed(() => {
+  return (
+    props.account.type === 'apikey' &&
+    props.account.quota_limit !== undefined &&
+    props.account.quota_limit !== null &&
+    props.account.quota_limit > 0
+  )
+})
+
+// 当前已用配额
+const currentQuotaUsed = computed(() => props.account.quota_used ?? 0)
+
+// 配额状态样式
+const quotaClass = computed(() => {
+  if (!showQuotaLimit.value) return ''
+
+  const used = currentQuotaUsed.value
+  const limit = props.account.quota_limit || 0
+
+  if (used >= limit) {
+    return 'bg-red-100 text-red-700 dark:bg-red-900/30 dark:text-red-400'
+  }
+  if (used >= limit * 0.8) {
+    return 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 dark:bg-yellow-900/30 dark:text-yellow-400'
+  }
+  return 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/30 dark:text-emerald-400'
+})
+
+// 配额提示文字
+const quotaTooltip = computed(() => {
+  if (!showQuotaLimit.value) return ''
+
+  const used = currentQuotaUsed.value
+  const limit = props.account.quota_limit || 0
+
+  if (used >= limit) {
+    return t('admin.accounts.capacity.quota.exceeded')
+  }
+  return t('admin.accounts.capacity.quota.normal')
+})
+
 // 格式化费用显示
 const formatCost = (value: number | null | undefined) => {
  if (value === null || value === undefined) return '0'
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/BulkEditAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/BulkEditAccountModal.vue
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
      </div>

      <!-- Concurrency & Priority -->
-      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 lg:grid-cols-3">
+      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 lg:grid-cols-4">
        <div>
          <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
            <label
@@ -496,8 +496,39 @@
            class="input"
            :class="!enableConcurrency && 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-50'"
            aria-labelledby="bulk-edit-concurrency-label"
+            @input="concurrency = Math.max(1, concurrency || 1)"
          />
        </div>
+        <div>
+          <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+            <label
+              id="bulk-edit-load-factor-label"
+              class="input-label mb-0"
+              for="bulk-edit-load-factor-enabled"
+            >
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactor') }}
+            </label>
+            <input
+              v-model="enableLoadFactor"
+              id="bulk-edit-load-factor-enabled"
+              type="checkbox"
+              aria-controls="bulk-edit-load-factor"
+              class="rounded border-gray-300 text-primary-600 focus:ring-primary-500"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <input
+            v-model.number="loadFactor"
+            id="bulk-edit-load-factor"
+            type="number"
+            min="1"
+            :disabled="!enableLoadFactor"
+            class="input"
+            :class="!enableLoadFactor && 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-50'"
+            aria-labelledby="bulk-edit-load-factor-label"
+            @input="loadFactor = (loadFactor &amp;&amp; loadFactor >= 1) ? loadFactor : null"
+          />
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactorHint') }}</p>
+        </div>
        <div>
          <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
            <label
@@ -869,6 +900,7 @@ const enableCustomErrorCodes = ref(false)
 const enableInterceptWarmup = ref(false)
 const enableProxy = ref(false)
 const enableConcurrency = ref(false)
+const enableLoadFactor = ref(false)
 const enablePriority = ref(false)
 const enableRateMultiplier = ref(false)
 const enableStatus = ref(false)
@@ -889,6 +921,7 @@ const customErrorCodeInput = ref<number | null>(null)
 const interceptWarmupRequests = ref(false)
 const proxyId = ref<number | null>(null)
 const concurrency = ref(1)
+const loadFactor = ref<number | null>(null)
 const priority = ref(1)
 const rateMultiplier = ref(1)
 const status = ref<'active' | 'inactive'>('active')
@@ -918,6 +951,7 @@ const allModels = [
  { value: 'claude-3-haiku-20240307', label: 'Claude 3 Haiku' },
  { value: 'gpt-5.3-codex', label: 'GPT-5.3 Codex' },
  { value: 'gpt-5.3-codex-spark', label: 'GPT-5.3 Codex Spark' },
+  { value: 'gpt-5.4', label: 'GPT-5.4' },
  { value: 'gpt-5.2-2025-12-11', label: 'GPT-5.2' },
  { value: 'gpt-5.2-codex', label: 'GPT-5.2 Codex' },
  { value: 'gpt-5.1-codex-max', label: 'GPT-5.1 Codex Max' },
@@ -1032,6 +1066,12 @@ const presetMappings = [
    to: 'gpt-5.3-codex-spark',
    color: 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700 hover:bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-900/30 dark:text-emerald-400'
  },
+  {
+    label: 'GPT-5.4',
+    from: 'gpt-5.4',
+    to: 'gpt-5.4',
+    color: 'bg-rose-100 text-rose-700 hover:bg-rose-200 dark:bg-rose-900/30 dark:text-rose-400'
+  },
  {
    label: '5.2→5.3',
    from: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
@@ -1195,6 +1235,12 @@ const buildUpdatePayload = (): Record<string, unknown> | null => {
    updates.concurrency = concurrency.value
  }

+  if (enableLoadFactor.value) {
+    // 空值/NaN/0 时发送 0（后端约定 <= 0 表示清除）
+    const lf = loadFactor.value
+    updates.load_factor = (lf != null && !Number.isNaN(lf) && lf > 0) ? lf : 0
+  }
+
  if (enablePriority.value) {
    updates.priority = priority.value
  }
@@ -1340,6 +1386,7 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
    enableInterceptWarmup.value ||
    enableProxy.value ||
    enableConcurrency.value ||
+    enableLoadFactor.value ||
    enablePriority.value ||
    enableRateMultiplier.value ||
    enableStatus.value ||
@@ -1430,6 +1477,7 @@ watch(
      enableInterceptWarmup.value = false
      enableProxy.value = false
      enableConcurrency.value = false
+      enableLoadFactor.value = false
      enablePriority.value = false
      enableRateMultiplier.value = false
      enableStatus.value = false
@@ -1446,6 +1494,7 @@ watch(
      interceptWarmupRequests.value = false
      proxyId.value = null
      concurrency.value = 1
+      loadFactor.value = null
      priority.value = 1
      rateMultiplier.value = 1
      status.value = 'active'
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue
@@ -1227,6 +1227,9 @@

      </div>

+      <!-- API Key 账号配额限制 -->
+      <QuotaLimitCard v-if="form.type === 'apikey'" v-model="editQuotaLimit" />
+
      <!-- Temp Unschedulable Rules -->
      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 space-y-4">
        <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
@@ -1749,10 +1752,18 @@
        <ProxySelector v-model="form.proxy_id" :proxies="proxies" />
      </div>

-      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-3">
+      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-4">
        <div>
          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.concurrency') }}</label>
-          <input v-model.number="form.concurrency" type="number" min="1" class="input" />
+          <input v-model.number="form.concurrency" type="number" min="1" class="input"
+            @input="form.concurrency = Math.max(1, form.concurrency || 1)" />
+        </div>
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactor') }}</label>
+          <input v-model.number="form.load_factor" type="number" min="1"
+            class="input" :placeholder="String(form.concurrency || 1)"
+            @input="form.load_factor = (form.load_factor &amp;&amp; form.load_factor >= 1) ? form.load_factor : null" />
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactorHint') }}</p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.priority') }}</label>
@@ -2337,6 +2348,7 @@ import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 import ProxySelector from '@/components/common/ProxySelector.vue'
 import GroupSelector from '@/components/common/GroupSelector.vue'
 import ModelWhitelistSelector from '@/components/account/ModelWhitelistSelector.vue'
+import QuotaLimitCard from '@/components/account/QuotaLimitCard.vue'
 import { applyInterceptWarmup } from '@/components/account/credentialsBuilder'
 import { formatDateTimeLocalInput, parseDateTimeLocalInput } from '@/utils/format'
 import { createStableObjectKeyResolver } from '@/utils/stableObjectKey'
@@ -2460,6 +2472,7 @@ const accountCategory = ref<'oauth-based' | 'apikey'>('oauth-based') // UI selec
 const addMethod = ref<AddMethod>('oauth') // For oauth-based: 'oauth' or 'setup-token'
 const apiKeyBaseUrl = ref('https://api.anthropic.com')
 const apiKeyValue = ref('')
+const editQuotaLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
 const modelMappings = ref<ModelMapping[]>([])
 const modelRestrictionMode = ref<'whitelist' | 'mapping'>('whitelist')
 const allowedModels = ref<string[]>([])
@@ -2633,6 +2646,7 @@ const form = reactive({
  credentials: {} as Record<string, unknown>,
  proxy_id: null as number | null,
  concurrency: 10,
+  load_factor: null as number | null,
  priority: 1,
  rate_multiplier: 1,
  group_ids: [] as number[],
@@ -3112,6 +3126,7 @@ const resetForm = () => {
  form.credentials = {}
  form.proxy_id = null
  form.concurrency = 10
+  form.load_factor = null
  form.priority = 1
  form.rate_multiplier = 1
  form.group_ids = []
@@ -3120,6 +3135,7 @@ const resetForm = () => {
  addMethod.value = 'oauth'
  apiKeyBaseUrl.value = 'https://api.anthropic.com'
  apiKeyValue.value = ''
+  editQuotaLimit.value = null
  modelMappings.value = []
  modelRestrictionMode.value = 'whitelist'
  allowedModels.value = [...claudeModels] // Default fill related models
@@ -3483,6 +3499,7 @@ const handleImportAccessToken = async (accessTokenInput: string) => {
          extra: soraExtra,
          proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
          concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
          priority: form.priority,
          rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
          group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3533,15 +3550,21 @@ const createAccountAndFinish = async (
  if (!applyTempUnschedConfig(credentials)) {
    return
  }
+  // Inject quota_limit for apikey accounts
+  let finalExtra = extra
+  if (type === 'apikey' && editQuotaLimit.value != null && editQuotaLimit.value > 0) {
+    finalExtra = { ...(extra || {}), quota_limit: editQuotaLimit.value }
+  }
  await doCreateAccount({
    name: form.name,
    notes: form.notes,
    platform,
    type,
    credentials,
-    extra,
+    extra: finalExtra,
    proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
    concurrency: form.concurrency,
+    load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
    priority: form.priority,
    rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
    group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3597,6 +3620,7 @@ const handleOpenAIExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
        extra,
        proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
        concurrency: form.concurrency,
+        load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
        priority: form.priority,
        rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
        group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3626,6 +3650,7 @@ const handleOpenAIExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
        extra: soraExtra,
        proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
        concurrency: form.concurrency,
+        load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
        priority: form.priority,
        rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
        group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3703,6 +3728,7 @@ const handleOpenAIValidateRT = async (refreshTokenInput: string) => {
            extra,
            proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
            concurrency: form.concurrency,
+            load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
            priority: form.priority,
            rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
            group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3730,6 +3756,7 @@ const handleOpenAIValidateRT = async (refreshTokenInput: string) => {
            extra: soraExtra,
            proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
            concurrency: form.concurrency,
+            load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
            priority: form.priority,
            rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
            group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3818,6 +3845,7 @@ const handleSoraValidateST = async (sessionTokenInput: string) => {
          extra: soraExtra,
          proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
          concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
          priority: form.priority,
          rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
          group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3906,6 +3934,7 @@ const handleAntigravityValidateRT = async (refreshTokenInput: string) => {
          extra: {},
          proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
          concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
          priority: form.priority,
          rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
          group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -4064,8 +4093,11 @@ const handleAnthropicExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
    }

    // Add RPM limit settings
-    if (rpmLimitEnabled.value && baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0) {
-      extra.base_rpm = baseRpm.value
+    if (rpmLimitEnabled.value) {
+      const DEFAULT_BASE_RPM = 15
+      extra.base_rpm = (baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0)
+        ? baseRpm.value
+        : DEFAULT_BASE_RPM
      extra.rpm_strategy = rpmStrategy.value
      if (rpmStickyBuffer.value != null && rpmStickyBuffer.value > 0) {
        extra.rpm_sticky_buffer = rpmStickyBuffer.value
@@ -4176,8 +4208,11 @@ const handleCookieAuth = async (sessionKey: string) => {
        }

        // Add RPM limit settings
-        if (rpmLimitEnabled.value && baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0) {
-          extra.base_rpm = baseRpm.value
+        if (rpmLimitEnabled.value) {
+          const DEFAULT_BASE_RPM = 15
+          extra.base_rpm = (baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0)
+            ? baseRpm.value
+            : DEFAULT_BASE_RPM
          extra.rpm_strategy = rpmStrategy.value
          if (rpmStickyBuffer.value != null && rpmStickyBuffer.value > 0) {
            extra.rpm_sticky_buffer = rpmStickyBuffer.value
@@ -4223,6 +4258,7 @@ const handleCookieAuth = async (sessionKey: string) => {
          extra,
          proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
          concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor ?? undefined,
          priority: form.priority,
          rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
          group_ids: form.group_ids,
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/EditAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/EditAccountModal.vue
@@ -650,10 +650,18 @@
        <ProxySelector v-model="form.proxy_id" :proxies="proxies" />
      </div>

-      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-3">
+      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-4">
        <div>
          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.concurrency') }}</label>
-          <input v-model.number="form.concurrency" type="number" min="1" class="input" />
+          <input v-model.number="form.concurrency" type="number" min="1" class="input"
+            @input="form.concurrency = Math.max(1, form.concurrency || 1)" />
+        </div>
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactor') }}</label>
+          <input v-model.number="form.load_factor" type="number" min="1"
+            class="input" :placeholder="String(form.concurrency || 1)"
+            @input="form.load_factor = (form.load_factor &amp;&amp; form.load_factor >= 1) ? form.load_factor : null" />
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactorHint') }}</p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.priority') }}</label>
@@ -759,6 +767,9 @@
        </div>
      </div>

+      <!-- API Key 账号配额限制 -->
+      <QuotaLimitCard v-if="account?.type === 'apikey'" v-model="editQuotaLimit" />
+
      <!-- OpenAI OAuth Codex 官方客户端限制开关 -->
      <div
        v-if="account?.platform === 'openai' && account?.type === 'oauth'"
@@ -1269,6 +1280,7 @@ import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 import ProxySelector from '@/components/common/ProxySelector.vue'
 import GroupSelector from '@/components/common/GroupSelector.vue'
 import ModelWhitelistSelector from '@/components/account/ModelWhitelistSelector.vue'
+import QuotaLimitCard from '@/components/account/QuotaLimitCard.vue'
 import { applyInterceptWarmup } from '@/components/account/credentialsBuilder'
 import { formatDateTimeLocalInput, parseDateTimeLocalInput } from '@/utils/format'
 import { createStableObjectKeyResolver } from '@/utils/stableObjectKey'
@@ -1386,6 +1398,7 @@ const openaiOAuthResponsesWebSocketV2Mode = ref<OpenAIWSMode>(OPENAI_WS_MODE_OFF
 const openaiAPIKeyResponsesWebSocketV2Mode = ref<OpenAIWSMode>(OPENAI_WS_MODE_OFF)
 const codexCLIOnlyEnabled = ref(false)
 const anthropicPassthroughEnabled = ref(false)
+const editQuotaLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
 const openAIWSModeOptions = computed(() => [
  { value: OPENAI_WS_MODE_OFF, label: t('admin.accounts.openai.wsModeOff') },
  // TODO: ctx_pool 选项暂时隐藏，待测试完成后恢复
@@ -1465,6 +1478,7 @@ const form = reactive({
  notes: '',
  proxy_id: null as number | null,
  concurrency: 1,
+  load_factor: null as number | null,
  priority: 1,
  rate_multiplier: 1,
  status: 'active' as 'active' | 'inactive',
@@ -1498,9 +1512,12 @@ watch(
      form.notes = newAccount.notes || ''
      form.proxy_id = newAccount.proxy_id
      form.concurrency = newAccount.concurrency
+      form.load_factor = newAccount.load_factor ?? null
      form.priority = newAccount.priority
      form.rate_multiplier = newAccount.rate_multiplier ?? 1
-      form.status = newAccount.status as 'active' | 'inactive'
+      form.status = (newAccount.status === 'active' || newAccount.status === 'inactive')
+        ? newAccount.status
+        : 'active'
      form.group_ids = newAccount.group_ids || []
      form.expires_at = newAccount.expires_at ?? null

@@ -1541,6 +1558,14 @@ watch(
        anthropicPassthroughEnabled.value = extra?.anthropic_passthrough === true
      }

+      // Load quota limit for apikey accounts
+      if (newAccount.type === 'apikey') {
+        const quotaVal = extra?.quota_limit as number | undefined
+        editQuotaLimit.value = (quotaVal && quotaVal > 0) ? quotaVal : null
+      } else {
+        editQuotaLimit.value = null
+      }
+
      // Load antigravity model mapping (Antigravity 只支持映射模式)
      if (newAccount.platform === 'antigravity') {
        const credentials = newAccount.credentials as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
@@ -2040,6 +2065,11 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
  if (!props.account) return
  const accountID = props.account.id

+  if (form.status !== 'active' && form.status !== 'inactive') {
+    appStore.showError(t('admin.accounts.pleaseSelectStatus'))
+    return
+  }
+
  const updatePayload: Record<string, unknown> = { ...form }
  try {
    // 后端期望 proxy_id: 0 表示清除代理，而不是 null
@@ -2049,6 +2079,11 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
    if (form.expires_at === null) {
      updatePayload.expires_at = 0
    }
+    // load_factor: 空值/NaN/0/负数 时发送 0（后端约定 <= 0 = 清除）
+    const lf = form.load_factor
+    if (lf == null || Number.isNaN(lf) || lf <= 0) {
+      updatePayload.load_factor = 0
+    }
    updatePayload.auto_pause_on_expired = autoPauseOnExpired.value

    // For apikey type, handle credentials update
@@ -2188,8 +2223,11 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
      }

      // RPM limit settings
-      if (rpmLimitEnabled.value && baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0) {
-        newExtra.base_rpm = baseRpm.value
+      if (rpmLimitEnabled.value) {
+        const DEFAULT_BASE_RPM = 15
+        newExtra.base_rpm = (baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0)
+          ? baseRpm.value
+          : DEFAULT_BASE_RPM
        newExtra.rpm_strategy = rpmStrategy.value
        if (rpmStickyBuffer.value != null && rpmStickyBuffer.value > 0) {
          newExtra.rpm_sticky_buffer = rpmStickyBuffer.value
@@ -2283,6 +2321,19 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
      updatePayload.extra = newExtra
    }

+    // For apikey accounts, handle quota_limit in extra
+    if (props.account.type === 'apikey') {
+      const currentExtra = (updatePayload.extra as Record<string, unknown>) ||
+        (props.account.extra as Record<string, unknown>) || {}
+      const newExtra: Record<string, unknown> = { ...currentExtra }
+      if (editQuotaLimit.value != null && editQuotaLimit.value > 0) {
+        newExtra.quota_limit = editQuotaLimit.value
+      } else {
+        delete newExtra.quota_limit
+      }
+      updatePayload.extra = newExtra
+    }
+
    const canContinue = await ensureAntigravityMixedChannelConfirmed(async () => {
      await submitUpdateAccount(accountID, updatePayload)
    })
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/QuotaLimitCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/QuotaLimitCard.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { ref, watch } from 'vue'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
+
+const { t } = useI18n()
+
+const props = defineProps<{
+  modelValue: number | null
+}>()
+
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+  'update:modelValue': [value: number | null]
+}>()
+
+const enabled = ref(props.modelValue != null && props.modelValue > 0)
+
+// Sync enabled state when modelValue changes externally (e.g. account load)
+watch(
+  () => props.modelValue,
+  (val) => {
+    enabled.value = val != null && val > 0
+  }
+)
+
+// When toggle is turned off, clear the value
+watch(enabled, (val) => {
+  if (!val) {
+    emit('update:modelValue', null)
+  }
+})
+
+const onInput = (e: Event) => {
+  const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).valueAsNumber
+  emit('update:modelValue', Number.isNaN(raw) ? null : raw)
+}
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 space-y-4">
+    <div class="mb-3">
+      <h3 class="input-label mb-0 text-base font-semibold">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimit') }}</h3>
+      <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+        {{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitHint') }}
+      </p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 p-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+      <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitToggle') }}</label>
+          <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            {{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitToggleHint') }}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          @click="enabled = !enabled"
+          :class="[
+            'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
+            enabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+          ]"
+        >
+          <span
+            :class="[
+              'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
+              enabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+            ]"
+          />
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div v-if="enabled" class="space-y-3">
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitAmount') }}</label>
+          <div class="relative">
+            <span class="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">$</span>
+            <input
+              :value="modelValue"
+              @input="onInput"
+              type="number"
+              min="0"
+              step="0.01"
+              class="input pl-7"
+              :placeholder="t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitPlaceholder')"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitAmountHint') }}</p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
--- a/frontend/src/components/admin/account/AccountActionMenu.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/admin/account/AccountActionMenu.vue
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@
              <Icon name="clock" size="sm" />
              {{ t('admin.accounts.clearRateLimit') }}
            </button>
+            <button v-if="hasQuotaLimit" @click="$emit('reset-quota', account); $emit('close')" class="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 text-sm text-teal-600 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-dark-700">
+              <Icon name="refresh" size="sm" />
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.resetQuota') }}
+            </button>
          </template>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ import { Icon } from '@/components/icons'
 import type { Account } from '@/types'

 const props = defineProps<{ show: boolean; account: Account | null; position: { top: number; left: number } | null }>()
-const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'test', 'stats', 'schedule', 'reauth', 'refresh-token', 'reset-status', 'clear-rate-limit'])
+const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'test', 'stats', 'schedule', 'reauth', 'refresh-token', 'reset-status', 'clear-rate-limit', 'reset-quota'])
 const { t } = useI18n()
 const isRateLimited = computed(() => {
  if (props.account?.rate_limit_reset_at && new Date(props.account.rate_limit_reset_at) > new Date()) {
@@ -71,6 +75,12 @@ const isRateLimited = computed(() => {
  return false
 })
 const isOverloaded = computed(() => props.account?.overload_until && new Date(props.account.overload_until) > new Date())
+const hasQuotaLimit = computed(() => {
+  return props.account?.type === 'apikey' &&
+    props.account?.quota_limit !== undefined &&
+    props.account?.quota_limit !== null &&
+    props.account?.quota_limit > 0
+})

 const handleKeydown = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {
  if (event.key === 'Escape') emit('close')
--- a/frontend/src/components/keys/UseKeyModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/keys/UseKeyModal.vue
@@ -512,12 +512,14 @@ function generateOpenAIFiles(baseUrl: string, apiKey: string): FileConfig[] {

  // config.toml content
  const configContent = `model_provider = "OpenAI"
-model = "gpt-5.3-codex"
-review_model = "gpt-5.3-codex"
+model = "gpt-5.4"
+review_model = "gpt-5.4"
 model_reasoning_effort = "xhigh"
 disable_response_storage = true
 network_access = "enabled"
 windows_wsl_setup_acknowledged = true
+model_context_window = 1000000
+model_auto_compact_token_limit = 900000

 [model_providers.OpenAI]
 name = "OpenAI"
@@ -549,12 +551,14 @@ function generateOpenAIWsFiles(baseUrl: string, apiKey: string): FileConfig[] {

  // config.toml content with WebSocket v2
  const configContent = `model_provider = "OpenAI"
-model = "gpt-5.3-codex"
-review_model = "gpt-5.3-codex"
+model = "gpt-5.4"
+review_model = "gpt-5.4"
 model_reasoning_effort = "xhigh"
 disable_response_storage = true
 network_access = "enabled"
 windows_wsl_setup_acknowledged = true
+model_context_window = 1000000
+model_auto_compact_token_limit = 900000

 [model_providers.OpenAI]
 name = "OpenAI"
@@ -670,6 +674,22 @@ function generateOpenCodeConfig(platform: string, baseUrl: string, apiKey: strin
        xhigh: {}
      }
    },
+    'gpt-5.4': {
+      name: 'GPT-5.4',
+      limit: {
+        context: 1050000,
+        output: 128000
+      },
+      options: {
+        store: false
+      },
+      variants: {
+        low: {},
+        medium: {},
+        high: {},
+        xhigh: {}
+      }
+    },
    'gpt-5.3-codex-spark': {
      name: 'GPT-5.3 Codex Spark',
      limit: {
--- a/frontend/src/composables/tests/useModelWhitelist.spec.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/composables/tests/useModelWhitelist.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { buildModelMappingObject, getModelsByPlatform } from '../useModelWhitelist'

 describe('useModelWhitelist', () => {
+  it('openai 模型列表包含 GPT-5.4 官方快照', () => {
+    const models = getModelsByPlatform('openai')
+
+    expect(models).toContain('gpt-5.4')
+    expect(models).toContain('gpt-5.4-2026-03-05')
+  })
+
  it('antigravity 模型列表包含图片模型兼容项', () => {
    const models = getModelsByPlatform('antigravity')

@@ -15,4 +22,12 @@ describe('useModelWhitelist', () => {
      'gemini-3.1-flash-image': 'gemini-3.1-flash-image'
    })
  })
+
+  it('whitelist 模式会保留 GPT-5.4 官方快照的精确映射', () => {
+    const mapping = buildModelMappingObject('whitelist', ['gpt-5.4-2026-03-05'], [])
+
+    expect(mapping).toEqual({
+      'gpt-5.4-2026-03-05': 'gpt-5.4-2026-03-05'
+    })
+  })
 })
--- a/frontend/src/composables/useModelWhitelist.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/composables/useModelWhitelist.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ const openaiModels = [
  // GPT-5.2 系列
  'gpt-5.2', 'gpt-5.2-2025-12-11', 'gpt-5.2-chat-latest',
  'gpt-5.2-codex', 'gpt-5.2-pro', 'gpt-5.2-pro-2025-12-11',
+  // GPT-5.4 系列
+  'gpt-5.4', 'gpt-5.4-2026-03-05',
  // GPT-5.3 系列
  'gpt-5.3-codex', 'gpt-5.3-codex-spark',
  'chatgpt-4o-latest',
@@ -277,6 +279,7 @@ const openaiPresetMappings = [
  { label: 'GPT-5.3 Codex Spark', from: 'gpt-5.3-codex-spark', to: 'gpt-5.3-codex-spark', color: 'bg-teal-100 text-teal-700 hover:bg-teal-200 dark:bg-teal-900/30 dark:text-teal-400' },
  { label: 'GPT-5.1', from: 'gpt-5.1', to: 'gpt-5.1', color: 'bg-orange-100 text-orange-700 hover:bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-900/30 dark:text-orange-400' },
  { label: 'GPT-5.2', from: 'gpt-5.2', to: 'gpt-5.2', color: 'bg-red-100 text-red-700 hover:bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-900/30 dark:text-red-400' },
+  { label: 'GPT-5.4', from: 'gpt-5.4', to: 'gpt-5.4', color: 'bg-rose-100 text-rose-700 hover:bg-rose-200 dark:bg-rose-900/30 dark:text-rose-400' },
  { label: 'GPT-5.1 Codex', from: 'gpt-5.1-codex', to: 'gpt-5.1-codex', color: 'bg-cyan-100 text-cyan-700 hover:bg-cyan-200 dark:bg-cyan-900/30 dark:text-cyan-400' }
 ]

--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
@@ -1734,6 +1734,10 @@ export default {
          stickyExemptWarning: 'RPM limit (Sticky Exempt) - Approaching limit',
          stickyExemptOver: 'RPM limit (Sticky Exempt) - Over limit, sticky only'
        },
+        quota: {
+          exceeded: 'Quota exceeded, account paused',
+          normal: 'Quota normal'
+        },
      },
      tempUnschedulable: {
        title: 'Temp Unschedulable',
@@ -1779,6 +1783,14 @@ export default {
        }
      },
      clearRateLimit: 'Clear Rate Limit',
+      resetQuota: 'Reset Quota',
+      quotaLimit: 'Quota Limit',
+      quotaLimitPlaceholder: '0 means unlimited',
+      quotaLimitHint: 'Set max spending limit (USD). Account will be paused when reached. Changing limit won\'t reset usage.',
+      quotaLimitToggle: 'Enable Quota Limit',
+      quotaLimitToggleHint: 'When enabled, account will be paused when usage reaches the set limit',
+      quotaLimitAmount: 'Limit Amount',
+      quotaLimitAmountHint: 'Maximum spending limit (USD). Account will be auto-paused when reached. Changing limit won\'t reset usage.',
      testConnection: 'Test Connection',
      reAuthorize: 'Re-Authorize',
      refreshToken: 'Refresh Token',
@@ -1991,10 +2003,12 @@ export default {
      proxy: 'Proxy',
      noProxy: 'No Proxy',
      concurrency: 'Concurrency',
+      loadFactor: 'Load Factor',
+      loadFactorHint: 'Higher load factor increases scheduling frequency',
      priority: 'Priority',
      priorityHint: 'Lower value accounts are used first',
      billingRateMultiplier: 'Billing Rate Multiplier',
-      billingRateMultiplierHint: '>=0, 0 means free. Affects account billing only',
+      billingRateMultiplierHint: '0 = free, affects account billing only',
      expiresAt: 'Expires At',
      expiresAtHint: 'Leave empty for no expiration',
      higherPriorityFirst: 'Lower value means higher priority',
@@ -2010,6 +2024,7 @@ export default {
      accountUpdated: 'Account updated successfully',
      failedToCreate: 'Failed to create account',
      failedToUpdate: 'Failed to update account',
+      pleaseSelectStatus: 'Please select a valid account status',
      mixedChannelWarningTitle: 'Mixed Channel Warning',
      mixedChannelWarning: 'Warning: Group "{groupName}" contains both {currentPlatform} and {otherPlatform} accounts. Mixing different channels may cause thinking block signature validation issues, which will fallback to non-thinking mode. Are you sure you want to continue?',
      pleaseEnterAccountName: 'Please enter account name',
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
@@ -1784,8 +1784,20 @@ export default {
          stickyExemptWarning: 'RPM 限制 (粘性豁免) - 接近阈值',
          stickyExemptOver: 'RPM 限制 (粘性豁免) - 超限，仅粘性会话'
        },
+        quota: {
+          exceeded: '配额已用完，账号暂停调度',
+          normal: '配额正常'
+        },
      },
      clearRateLimit: '清除速率限制',
+      resetQuota: '重置配额',
+      quotaLimit: '配额限制',
+      quotaLimitPlaceholder: '0 表示不限制',
+      quotaLimitHint: '设置最大使用额度（美元），达到后账号暂停调度。修改限额不会重置已用额度。',
+      quotaLimitToggle: '启用配额限制',
+      quotaLimitToggleHint: '开启后，当账号用量达到设定额度时自动暂停调度',
+      quotaLimitAmount: '限额金额',
+      quotaLimitAmountHint: '账号最大可用额度（美元），达到后自动暂停。修改限额不会重置已用额度。',
      testConnection: '测试连接',
      reAuthorize: '重新授权',
      refreshToken: '刷新令牌',
@@ -2133,10 +2145,12 @@ export default {
      proxy: '代理',
      noProxy: '无代理',
      concurrency: '并发数',
+      loadFactor: '负载因子',
+      loadFactorHint: '提高负载因子可以提高对账号的调度频率',
      priority: '优先级',
      priorityHint: '优先级越小的账号优先使用',
      billingRateMultiplier: '账号计费倍率',
-      billingRateMultiplierHint: '>=0，0 表示该账号计费为 0；仅影响账号计费口径',
+      billingRateMultiplierHint: '0 表示不计费，仅影响账号计费',
      expiresAt: '过期时间',
      expiresAtHint: '留空表示不过期',
      higherPriorityFirst: '数值越小优先级越高',
@@ -2152,6 +2166,7 @@ export default {
      accountUpdated: '账号更新成功',
      failedToCreate: '创建账号失败',
      failedToUpdate: '更新账号失败',
+      pleaseSelectStatus: '请选择有效的账号状态',
      mixedChannelWarningTitle: '混合渠道警告',
      mixedChannelWarning: '警告：分组 "{groupName}" 中同时包含 {currentPlatform} 和 {otherPlatform} 账号。混合使用不同渠道可能导致 thinking block 签名验证问题，会自动回退到非 thinking 模式。确定要继续吗？',
      pleaseEnterAccountName: '请输入账号名称',
--- a/frontend/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types/index.ts
@@ -653,6 +653,7 @@ export interface Account {
  } & Record<string, unknown>)
  proxy_id: number | null
  concurrency: number
+  load_factor?: number | null
  current_concurrency?: number // Real-time concurrency count from Redis
  priority: number
  rate_multiplier?: number // Account billing multiplier (>=0, 0 means free)
@@ -705,6 +706,10 @@ export interface Account {
  cache_ttl_override_enabled?: boolean | null
  cache_ttl_override_target?: string | null

+  // API Key 账号配额限制
+  quota_limit?: number | null
+  quota_used?: number | null
+
  // 运行时状态（仅当启用对应限制时返回）
  current_window_cost?: number | null // 当前窗口费用
  active_sessions?: number | null // 当前活跃会话数
@@ -783,6 +788,7 @@ export interface CreateAccountRequest {
  extra?: Record<string, unknown>
  proxy_id?: number | null
  concurrency?: number
+  load_factor?: number | null
  priority?: number
  rate_multiplier?: number // Account billing multiplier (>=0, 0 means free)
  group_ids?: number[]
@@ -799,6 +805,7 @@ export interface UpdateAccountRequest {
  extra?: Record<string, unknown>
  proxy_id?: number | null
  concurrency?: number
+  load_factor?: number | null
  priority?: number
  rate_multiplier?: number // Account billing multiplier (>=0, 0 means free)
  schedulable?: boolean
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/AccountsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/AccountsView.vue
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
    <AccountTestModal :show="showTest" :account="testingAcc" @close="closeTestModal" />
    <AccountStatsModal :show="showStats" :account="statsAcc" @close="closeStatsModal" />
    <ScheduledTestsPanel :show="showSchedulePanel" :account-id="scheduleAcc?.id ?? null" :model-options="scheduleModelOptions" @close="closeSchedulePanel" />
-    <AccountActionMenu :show="menu.show" :account="menu.acc" :position="menu.pos" @close="menu.show = false" @test="handleTest" @stats="handleViewStats" @schedule="handleSchedule" @reauth="handleReAuth" @refresh-token="handleRefresh" @reset-status="handleResetStatus" @clear-rate-limit="handleClearRateLimit" />
+    <AccountActionMenu :show="menu.show" :account="menu.acc" :position="menu.pos" @close="menu.show = false" @test="handleTest" @stats="handleViewStats" @schedule="handleSchedule" @reauth="handleReAuth" @refresh-token="handleRefresh" @reset-status="handleResetStatus" @clear-rate-limit="handleClearRateLimit" @reset-quota="handleResetQuota" />
    <SyncFromCrsModal :show="showSync" @close="showSync = false" @synced="reload" />
    <ImportDataModal :show="showImportData" @close="showImportData = false" @imported="handleDataImported" />
    <BulkEditAccountModal :show="showBulkEdit" :account-ids="selIds" :selected-platforms="selPlatforms" :selected-types="selTypes" :proxies="proxies" :groups="groups" @close="showBulkEdit = false" @updated="handleBulkUpdated" />
@@ -1125,6 +1125,16 @@ const handleClearRateLimit = async (a: Account) => {
    console.error('Failed to clear rate limit:', error)
  }
 }
+const handleResetQuota = async (a: Account) => {
+  try {
+    const updated = await adminAPI.accounts.resetAccountQuota(a.id)
+    patchAccountInList(updated)
+    enterAutoRefreshSilentWindow()
+    appStore.showSuccess(t('common.success'))
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to reset quota:', error)
+  }
+}
 const handleDelete = (a: Account) => { deletingAcc.value = a; showDeleteDialog.value = true }
 const confirmDelete = async () => { if(!deletingAcc.value) return; try { await adminAPI.accounts.delete(deletingAcc.value.id); showDeleteDialog.value = false; deletingAcc.value = null; reload() } catch (error) { console.error('Failed to delete account:', error) } }
 const handleToggleSchedulable = async (a: Account) => {
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
shaw	0cce0a8877	chore: gpt-5.4示例配置修改model_reasoning_effort为xhigh	2026-03-06 11:29:43 +08:00
shaw	225fd035ae	chore: 更新codex配置部分支持gpt-5.4的长上下文	2026-03-06 10:55:09 +08:00
Wesley Liddick	fb7d1346b5	Merge pull request #800 from mt21625457/pr/gpt54-support-upstream feat(openai): 增加 GPT-5.4 支持并修复长上下文计费与白名单回归	2026-03-06 10:42:01 +08:00
shaw	491a744481	fix: 修复账号列表首次加载窗口费用显示 $0.00 lite 模式下从快照缓存读取窗口费用，非 lite 模式查询后写入缓存	2026-03-06 10:23:22 +08:00
yangjianbo	f366026435	fix(openai): 修复 gpt-5.4 长上下文计费与快照白名单补齐 gpt-5.4 fallback 的长上下文计费元信息，\n确保超过 272000 输入 token 时对整次会话应用\n2x 输入与 1.5x 输出计费规则。\n\n同时将官方快照 gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 加入前端\n白名单候选与回归测试，避免 whitelist 模式误拦截。\n\nCo-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com> (cherry picked from commit d95497af87f608c6dadcbe7d6e851de9413ae147)	2026-03-06 10:16:23 +08:00
yangjianbo	1a0d4ed668	feat(openai): 增加 gpt-5.4 模型支持与定价配置 - 接入 gpt-5.4 模型识别与规范化，补充默认模型列表 - 增加 gpt-5.4 输入/缓存命中/输出价格与计费兜底逻辑 - 同步前端模型白名单与 OpenCode 上下文窗口（1050000/128000） Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com> (cherry picked from commit 924476dcac6181cd0f3ee731ec7b73672ff03793)	2026-03-06 10:16:23 +08:00
Wesley Liddick	63a8c76946	Merge pull request #798 from touwaeriol/feature/account-load-factor feat: add account load_factor for scheduling load calculation	2026-03-06 09:42:10 +08:00
Wesley Liddick	f355a68bc9	Merge pull request #796 from touwaeriol/feature/apikey-quota-limit feat: add configurable spending limit for API Key accounts	2026-03-06 09:37:52 +08:00
erio	c87e6526c1	fix: use real Concurrency instead of LoadFactor for metrics and monitoring LoadFactor should only affect scheduling weight, not load rate reporting.	2026-03-06 05:18:45 +08:00
erio	af3a5076d6	fix: add load_factor upper bound validation to BulkUpdateAccounts	2026-03-06 05:17:52 +08:00
erio	18f2e21414	fix: use HTML-safe expressions for @input handlers in Vue templates Replace `<` comparisons with Math.max/ternary+>= to avoid Vue template parser treating `<` as HTML tag start in attribute values.	2026-03-06 05:07:52 +08:00
erio	8a8cdeebb4	fix: prevent negative values for concurrency and load_factor inputs	2026-03-06 05:07:52 +08:00
erio	12b33f4ea4	fix: address load_factor code review findings - Fix bulk edit: send 0 instead of null/NaN to clear load_factor - Fix edit modal: explicit NaN check instead of implicit falsy - Fix create modal: use ?? instead of \|\| for load_factor - Add load_factor upper limit validation (max 10000) - Add //go:build unit tag and self-contained intPtrHelper in test - Add design intent comments on WaitPlan.MaxConcurrency	2026-03-06 05:07:52 +08:00
erio	01b3a09d7d	fix: validate account status before update and update load factor hint - Normalize non-standard status (e.g. "error") to "active" on edit load - Add pre-submit validation for status field to prevent 400 errors - Update load factor hint: "提高负载因子可以提高对账号的调度频率"	2026-03-06 05:07:40 +08:00
erio	0d6c1c7790	feat: add independent load_factor field for scheduling load calculation	2026-03-06 05:07:10 +08:00
erio	95e366b6c6	fix: add missing IncrementQuotaUsed and ResetQuotaUsed to stubAccountRepo in api_contract_test	2026-03-06 04:37:56 +08:00
erio	77701143bf	fix: use range assertion for time-sensitive ExpiresInDays test The test could flake depending on exact execution time near midnight boundaries. Use a range check (29 or 30) instead of exact equality.	2026-03-06 01:07:28 +08:00
erio	02dea7b09b	refactor: unify post-usage billing logic and fix account quota calculation - Extract postUsageBilling() to consolidate billing logic across GatewayService.RecordUsage, RecordUsageWithLongContext, and OpenAIGatewayService.RecordUsage, eliminating ~120 lines of duplicated code - Fix account quota to use TotalCost × accountRateMultiplier (was using raw TotalCost, inconsistent with account cost stats) - Fix RecordUsageWithLongContext API Key quota only updating in balance mode (now updates regardless of billing type) - Fix WebSocket client disconnect detection on Windows by adding "an established connection was aborted" to known disconnect errors	2026-03-06 00:54:17 +08:00
erio	c26f93c4a0	fix: route antigravity apikey account test to native protocol Antigravity APIKey accounts were incorrectly routed to testAntigravityAccountConnection which calls AntigravityTokenProvider, but the token provider only handles OAuth and Upstream types, causing "not an antigravity oauth account" error. Extract routeAntigravityTest to route APIKey accounts to native Claude/Gemini test paths based on model prefix, matching the gateway_handler routing logic for normal requests.	2026-03-06 00:36:13 +08:00
erio	c826ac28ef	refactor: extract QuotaLimitCard component for reuse in create and edit modals - Extract quota limit card/toggle UI into QuotaLimitCard.vue component - Use v-model pattern for clean parent-child data flow - Integrate into both EditAccountModal and CreateAccountModal - All apikey accounts (all platforms) now support quota limit on creation - Bump version to 0.1.90.6	2026-03-06 00:36:00 +08:00
erio	1893b0eb30	feat: restyle API Key quota limit UI to card/toggle format - Redesign quota limit section with card layout and toggle switch - Add watch to clear quota value when toggle is disabled - Add i18n keys for toggle labels and hints (zh/en) - Bump version to 0.1.90.5	2026-03-06 00:35:35 +08:00
erio	05527b13db	feat: add quota limit for API key accounts - Add configurable spending limit (quota_limit) for apikey-type accounts - Atomic quota accumulation via PostgreSQL JSONB operations on TotalCost - Scheduler filters out over-quota accounts with outbox-triggered snapshot refresh - Display quota usage ($used / $limit) in account capacity column - Add "Reset Quota" action in account menu to reset usage to zero - Editing account settings preserves quota_used (no accidental reset) - Covers all 3 billing paths: Anthropic, Gemini, OpenAI RecordUsage chore: bump version to 0.1.90.4	2026-03-06 00:35:09 +08:00
Wesley Liddick	ae5d9c8bfc	Merge pull request #788 from touwaeriol/fix/usage-error-passthrough fix: pass through upstream HTTP status in usage API errors	2026-03-05 22:05:36 +08:00
erio	9117c2a4ec	fix: include upstream error details in usage API error response When FetchUsageWithOptions receives a non-200 response from the Anthropic API (e.g. 429 Rate Limited, 401 Unauthorized), the error was wrapped with fmt.Errorf which infraerrors.FromError cannot recognize, causing a generic "internal error" message with no details. Replace fmt.Errorf with infraerrors.New(500, "UPSTREAM_ERROR", msg) so the upstream error details (status code + body) are included in the 500 response message. The HTTP status remains 500 to avoid interfering with frontend auth routing (e.g. 401 would trigger JWT expiry redirect).	2026-03-05 21:02:11 +08:00
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`ALTER TABLE accounts ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS load_factor INTEGER;`