fix: 修复gpt->claude同步请求返回sse的bug

fix(billing): 修复 OpenAI fast 档位计费并补齐展示

.github/workflows/backend-ci.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
-          version: v2.11
+          version: v2.9
           args: --timeout=30m
           working-directory: backend

backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	deferredService := service.ProvideDeferredService(accountRepository, timingWheelService)
 	claudeTokenProvider := service.NewClaudeTokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, oAuthService)
 	digestSessionStore := service.NewDigestSessionStore()
-	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, groupRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, httpUpstream, deferredService, claudeTokenProvider, sessionLimitCache, rpmCache, digestSessionStore)
+	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, groupRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, httpUpstream, deferredService, claudeTokenProvider, sessionLimitCache, rpmCache, digestSessionStore, settingService)
 	openAITokenProvider := service.NewOpenAITokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, openAIOAuthService)
 	openAIGatewayService := service.NewOpenAIGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, userGroupRateRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, schedulerSnapshotService, concurrencyService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, httpUpstream, deferredService, openAITokenProvider)
 	geminiMessagesCompatService := service.NewGeminiMessagesCompatService(accountRepository, groupRepository, gatewayCache, schedulerSnapshotService, geminiTokenProvider, rateLimitService, httpUpstream, antigravityGatewayService, configConfig)
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, soraAccountRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, compositeTokenCacheInvalidator, schedulerCache, configConfig, tempUnschedCache)
 	accountExpiryService := service.ProvideAccountExpiryService(accountRepository)
 	subscriptionExpiryService := service.ProvideSubscriptionExpiryService(userSubscriptionRepository)
-	scheduledTestRunnerService := service.ProvideScheduledTestRunnerService(scheduledTestPlanRepository, scheduledTestService, accountTestService, configConfig)
+	scheduledTestRunnerService := service.ProvideScheduledTestRunnerService(scheduledTestPlanRepository, scheduledTestService, accountTestService, rateLimitService, configConfig)
 	v := provideCleanup(client, redisClient, opsMetricsCollector, opsAggregationService, opsAlertEvaluatorService, opsCleanupService, opsScheduledReportService, opsSystemLogSink, soraMediaCleanupService, schedulerSnapshotService, tokenRefreshService, accountExpiryService, subscriptionExpiryService, usageCleanupService, idempotencyCleanupService, pricingService, emailQueueService, billingCacheService, usageRecordWorkerPool, subscriptionService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, openAIGatewayService, scheduledTestRunnerService)
 	application := &Application{
 		Server:  httpServer,

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ func setDefaults() {
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.concurrency_slot_ttl_minutes", 30) // 并发槽位过期时间（支持超长请求）
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.stream_data_interval_timeout", 180)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.stream_keepalive_interval", 10)
-	viper.SetDefault("gateway.max_line_size", 40*1024*1024)
+	viper.SetDefault("gateway.max_line_size", 500*1024*1024)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.scheduling.sticky_session_max_waiting", 3)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.scheduling.sticky_session_wait_timeout", 120*time.Second)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.scheduling.fallback_wait_timeout", 30*time.Second)

backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go

@@ -660,6 +660,42 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Test(c *gin.Context) {
 		// Error already sent via SSE, just log
 		return
 	}
+
+	if h.rateLimitService != nil {
+		if _, err := h.rateLimitService.RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest(c.Request.Context(), accountID); err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// RecoverState handles unified recovery of recoverable account runtime state.
+// POST /api/v1/admin/accounts/:id/recover-state
+func (h *AccountHandler) RecoverState(c *gin.Context) {
+	accountID, err := strconv.ParseInt(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid account ID")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if h.rateLimitService == nil {
+		response.Error(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "Rate limit service unavailable")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := h.rateLimitService.RecoverAccountState(c.Request.Context(), accountID, service.AccountRecoveryOptions{
+		InvalidateToken: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	account, err := h.adminService.GetAccount(c.Request.Context(), accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response.Success(c, h.buildAccountResponseWithRuntime(c.Request.Context(), account))
 }
 
 // SyncFromCRS handles syncing accounts from claude-relay-service (CRS)

backend/internal/handler/admin/scheduled_test_handler.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ type createScheduledTestPlanRequest struct {
 	CronExpression string `json:"cron_expression" binding:"required"`
 	Enabled        *bool  `json:"enabled"`
 	MaxResults     int    `json:"max_results"`
+	AutoRecover    *bool  `json:"auto_recover"`
 }
 
 type updateScheduledTestPlanRequest struct {
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ type updateScheduledTestPlanRequest struct {
 	CronExpression string `json:"cron_expression"`
 	Enabled        *bool  `json:"enabled"`
 	MaxResults     int    `json:"max_results"`
+	AutoRecover    *bool  `json:"auto_recover"`
 }
 
 // ListByAccount GET /admin/accounts/:id/scheduled-test-plans
@@ -68,6 +70,9 @@ func (h *ScheduledTestHandler) Create(c *gin.Context) {
 	if req.Enabled != nil {
 		plan.Enabled = *req.Enabled
 	}
+	if req.AutoRecover != nil {
+		plan.AutoRecover = *req.AutoRecover
+	}
 
 	created, err := h.scheduledTestSvc.CreatePlan(c.Request.Context(), plan)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -109,6 +114,9 @@ func (h *ScheduledTestHandler) Update(c *gin.Context) {
 	if req.MaxResults > 0 {
 		existing.MaxResults = req.MaxResults
 	}
+	if req.AutoRecover != nil {
+		existing.AutoRecover = *req.AutoRecover
+	}
 
 	updated, err := h.scheduledTestSvc.UpdatePlan(c.Request.Context(), existing)
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler.go

@@ -1348,6 +1348,63 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) TestSoraS3Connection(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Success(c, gin.H{"message": "S3 连接成功"})
 }
 
+// GetRectifierSettings 获取请求整流器配置
+// GET /api/v1/admin/settings/rectifier
+func (h *SettingHandler) GetRectifierSettings(c *gin.Context) {
+	settings, err := h.settingService.GetRectifierSettings(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response.Success(c, dto.RectifierSettings{
+		Enabled:                  settings.Enabled,
+		ThinkingSignatureEnabled: settings.ThinkingSignatureEnabled,
+		ThinkingBudgetEnabled:    settings.ThinkingBudgetEnabled,
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateRectifierSettingsRequest 更新整流器配置请求
+type UpdateRectifierSettingsRequest struct {
+	Enabled                  bool `json:"enabled"`
+	ThinkingSignatureEnabled bool `json:"thinking_signature_enabled"`
+	ThinkingBudgetEnabled    bool `json:"thinking_budget_enabled"`
+}
+
+// UpdateRectifierSettings 更新请求整流器配置
+// PUT /api/v1/admin/settings/rectifier
+func (h *SettingHandler) UpdateRectifierSettings(c *gin.Context) {
+	var req UpdateRectifierSettingsRequest
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "Invalid request: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	settings := &service.RectifierSettings{
+		Enabled:                  req.Enabled,
+		ThinkingSignatureEnabled: req.ThinkingSignatureEnabled,
+		ThinkingBudgetEnabled:    req.ThinkingBudgetEnabled,
+	}
+
+	if err := h.settingService.SetRectifierSettings(c.Request.Context(), settings); err != nil {
+		response.BadRequest(c, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 重新获取设置返回
+	updatedSettings, err := h.settingService.GetRectifierSettings(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response.Success(c, dto.RectifierSettings{
+		Enabled:                  updatedSettings.Enabled,
+		ThinkingSignatureEnabled: updatedSettings.ThinkingSignatureEnabled,
+		ThinkingBudgetEnabled:    updatedSettings.ThinkingBudgetEnabled,
+	})
+}
+
 // UpdateStreamTimeoutSettingsRequest 更新流超时配置请求
 type UpdateStreamTimeoutSettingsRequest struct {
 	Enabled                bool   `json:"enabled"`

backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func APIKeyFromService(k *service.APIKey) *APIKey {
 	if k == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return &APIKey{
+	out := &APIKey{
 		ID:            k.ID,
 		UserID:        k.UserID,
 		Key:           k.Key,
@@ -98,6 +98,19 @@ func APIKeyFromService(k *service.APIKey) *APIKey {
 		User:          UserFromServiceShallow(k.User),
 		Group:         GroupFromServiceShallow(k.Group),
 	}
+	if k.Window5hStart != nil && !service.IsWindowExpired(k.Window5hStart, service.RateLimitWindow5h) {
+		t := k.Window5hStart.Add(service.RateLimitWindow5h)
+		out.Reset5hAt = &t
+	}
+	if k.Window1dStart != nil && !service.IsWindowExpired(k.Window1dStart, service.RateLimitWindow1d) {
+		t := k.Window1dStart.Add(service.RateLimitWindow1d)
+		out.Reset1dAt = &t
+	}
+	if k.Window7dStart != nil && !service.IsWindowExpired(k.Window7dStart, service.RateLimitWindow7d) {
+		t := k.Window7dStart.Add(service.RateLimitWindow7d)
+		out.Reset7dAt = &t
+	}
+	return out
 }
 
 func GroupFromServiceShallow(g *service.Group) *Group {
@@ -125,9 +138,9 @@ func GroupFromServiceAdmin(g *service.Group) *AdminGroup {
 		Group:                groupFromServiceBase(g),
 		ModelRouting:         g.ModelRouting,
 		ModelRoutingEnabled:  g.ModelRoutingEnabled,
-		MCPXMLInject:       g.MCPXMLInject,
-		DefaultMappedModel: g.DefaultMappedModel,
-		SupportedModelScopes:  g.SupportedModelScopes,
+		MCPXMLInject:         g.MCPXMLInject,
+		DefaultMappedModel:   g.DefaultMappedModel,
+		SupportedModelScopes: g.SupportedModelScopes,
 		AccountCount:         g.AccountCount,
 		SortOrder:            g.SortOrder,
 	}
@@ -255,11 +268,19 @@ func AccountFromServiceShallow(a *service.Account) *Account {
 	if a.Type == service.AccountTypeAPIKey {
 		if limit := a.GetQuotaLimit(); limit > 0 {
 			out.QuotaLimit = &limit
-		}
-		used := a.GetQuotaUsed()
-		if out.QuotaLimit != nil {
+			used := a.GetQuotaUsed()
 			out.QuotaUsed = &used
 		}
+		if limit := a.GetQuotaDailyLimit(); limit > 0 {
+			out.QuotaDailyLimit = &limit
+			used := a.GetQuotaDailyUsed()
+			out.QuotaDailyUsed = &used
+		}
+		if limit := a.GetQuotaWeeklyLimit(); limit > 0 {
+			out.QuotaWeeklyLimit = &limit
+			used := a.GetQuotaWeeklyUsed()
+			out.QuotaWeeklyUsed = &used
+		}
 	}
 
 	return out
@@ -475,6 +496,7 @@ func usageLogFromServiceUser(l *service.UsageLog) UsageLog {
 		AccountID:             l.AccountID,
 		RequestID:             l.RequestID,
 		Model:                 l.Model,
+		ServiceTier:           l.ServiceTier,
 		ReasoningEffort:       l.ReasoningEffort,
 		GroupID:               l.GroupID,
 		SubscriptionID:        l.SubscriptionID,

backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers_usage_test.go

@@ -71,3 +71,29 @@ func TestRequestTypeStringPtrNil(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	require.Nil(t, requestTypeStringPtr(nil))
 }
+
+func TestUsageLogFromService_IncludesServiceTierForUserAndAdmin(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	serviceTier := "priority"
+	log := &service.UsageLog{
+		RequestID:             "req_3",
+		Model:                 "gpt-5.4",
+		ServiceTier:           &serviceTier,
+		AccountRateMultiplier: f64Ptr(1.5),
+	}
+
+	userDTO := UsageLogFromService(log)
+	adminDTO := UsageLogFromServiceAdmin(log)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, userDTO.ServiceTier)
+	require.Equal(t, serviceTier, *userDTO.ServiceTier)
+	require.NotNil(t, adminDTO.ServiceTier)
+	require.Equal(t, serviceTier, *adminDTO.ServiceTier)
+	require.NotNil(t, adminDTO.AccountRateMultiplier)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.5, *adminDTO.AccountRateMultiplier, 1e-12)
+}
+
+func f64Ptr(value float64) *float64 {
+	return &value
+}

backend/internal/handler/dto/settings.go

@@ -161,6 +161,13 @@ type StreamTimeoutSettings struct {
 	ThresholdWindowMinutes int    `json:"threshold_window_minutes"`
 }
 
+// RectifierSettings 请求整流器配置 DTO
+type RectifierSettings struct {
+	Enabled                  bool `json:"enabled"`
+	ThinkingSignatureEnabled bool `json:"thinking_signature_enabled"`
+	ThinkingBudgetEnabled    bool `json:"thinking_budget_enabled"`
+}
+
 // ParseCustomMenuItems parses a JSON string into a slice of CustomMenuItem.
 // Returns empty slice on empty/invalid input.
 func ParseCustomMenuItems(raw string) []CustomMenuItem {

backend/internal/handler/dto/types.go

@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ type APIKey struct {
 	Window5hStart *time.Time `json:"window_5h_start"`
 	Window1dStart *time.Time `json:"window_1d_start"`
 	Window7dStart *time.Time `json:"window_7d_start"`
+	Reset5hAt     *time.Time `json:"reset_5h_at,omitempty"`
+	Reset1dAt     *time.Time `json:"reset_1d_at,omitempty"`
+	Reset7dAt     *time.Time `json:"reset_7d_at,omitempty"`
 
 	User  *User  `json:"user,omitempty"`
 	Group *Group `json:"group,omitempty"`
@@ -193,8 +196,12 @@ type Account struct {
 	CacheTTLOverrideTarget  *string `json:"cache_ttl_override_target,omitempty"`
 
 	// API Key 账号配额限制
-	QuotaLimit *float64 `json:"quota_limit,omitempty"`
-	QuotaUsed  *float64 `json:"quota_used,omitempty"`
+	QuotaLimit       *float64 `json:"quota_limit,omitempty"`
+	QuotaUsed        *float64 `json:"quota_used,omitempty"`
+	QuotaDailyLimit  *float64 `json:"quota_daily_limit,omitempty"`
+	QuotaDailyUsed   *float64 `json:"quota_daily_used,omitempty"`
+	QuotaWeeklyLimit *float64 `json:"quota_weekly_limit,omitempty"`
+	QuotaWeeklyUsed  *float64 `json:"quota_weekly_used,omitempty"`
 
 	Proxy         *Proxy         `json:"proxy,omitempty"`
 	AccountGroups []AccountGroup `json:"account_groups,omitempty"`
@@ -315,6 +322,8 @@ type UsageLog struct {
 	AccountID int64  `json:"account_id"`
 	RequestID string `json:"request_id"`
 	Model     string `json:"model"`
+	// ServiceTier records the OpenAI service tier used for billing, e.g. "priority" / "flex".
+	ServiceTier *string `json:"service_tier,omitempty"`
 	// ReasoningEffort is the request's reasoning effort level (OpenAI Responses API).
 	// nil means not provided / not applicable.
 	ReasoningEffort *string `json:"reasoning_effort,omitempty"`

backend/internal/handler/failover_loop.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const (
 
 const (
 	// maxSameAccountRetries 同账号重试次数上限（针对 RetryableOnSameAccount 错误）
-	maxSameAccountRetries = 2
+	maxSameAccountRetries = 3
 	// sameAccountRetryDelay 同账号重试间隔
 	sameAccountRetryDelay = 500 * time.Millisecond
 	// singleAccountBackoffDelay 单账号分组 503 退避重试固定延时。

backend/internal/handler/failover_loop_test.go

@@ -291,35 +291,31 @@ func TestHandleFailoverError_SameAccountRetry(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Less(t, elapsed, 2*time.Second)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("第二次重试仍返回FailoverContinue", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("达到最大重试次数前均返回FailoverContinue", func(t *testing.T) {
 		mock := &mockTempUnscheduler{}
 		fs := NewFailoverState(3, false)
 		err := newTestFailoverErr(400, true, false)
 
-		// 第一次
-		action := fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
-		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, fs.SameAccountRetryCount[100])
+		for i := 1; i <= maxSameAccountRetries; i++ {
+			action := fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
+			require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
+			require.Equal(t, i, fs.SameAccountRetryCount[100])
+		}
 
-		// 第二次
-		action = fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
-		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, fs.SameAccountRetryCount[100])
-
-		require.Empty(t, mock.calls, "两次重试期间均不应调用 TempUnschedule")
+		require.Empty(t, mock.calls, "达到最大重试次数前均不应调用 TempUnschedule")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("第三次重试耗尽_触发TempUnschedule并切换", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("超过最大重试次数后触发TempUnschedule并切换", func(t *testing.T) {
 		mock := &mockTempUnscheduler{}
 		fs := NewFailoverState(3, false)
 		err := newTestFailoverErr(400, true, false)
 
-		// 第一次、第二次重试
-		fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
-		fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, fs.SameAccountRetryCount[100])
+		for i := 0; i < maxSameAccountRetries; i++ {
+			fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
+		}
+		require.Equal(t, maxSameAccountRetries, fs.SameAccountRetryCount[100])
 
-		// 第三次：重试已达到 maxSameAccountRetries(2)，应切换账号
+		// 第 maxSameAccountRetries+1 次：重试耗尽，应切换账号
 		action := fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
 		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
 		require.Equal(t, 1, fs.SwitchCount)
@@ -354,13 +350,14 @@ func TestHandleFailoverError_SameAccountRetry(t *testing.T) {
 		err := newTestFailoverErr(400, true, false)
 
 		// 耗尽账号 100 的重试
-		fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
-		fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
-		// 第三次: 重试耗尽 → 切换
+		for i := 0; i < maxSameAccountRetries; i++ {
+			fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
+		}
+		// 第 maxSameAccountRetries+1 次: 重试耗尽 → 切换
 		action := fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
 		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
 
-		// 再次遇到账号 100，计数仍为 2，条件不满足 → 直接切换
+		// 再次遇到账号 100，计数仍为 maxSameAccountRetries，条件不满足 → 直接切换
 		action = fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", err)
 		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
 		require.Len(t, mock.calls, 2, "第二次耗尽也应调用 TempUnschedule")
@@ -386,9 +383,10 @@ func TestHandleFailoverError_TempUnschedule(t *testing.T) {
 		fs := NewFailoverState(3, false)
 		err := newTestFailoverErr(502, true, false)
 
-		// 耗尽重试
-		fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 42, "openai", err)
-		fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 42, "openai", err)
+		for i := 0; i < maxSameAccountRetries; i++ {
+			fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 42, "openai", err)
+		}
+		// 再次触发时才会执行 TempUnschedule + 切换
 		fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 42, "openai", err)
 
 		require.Len(t, mock.calls, 1)
@@ -521,17 +519,16 @@ func TestHandleFailoverError_IntegrationScenario(t *testing.T) {
 		mock := &mockTempUnscheduler{}
 		fs := NewFailoverState(3, true) // hasBoundSession=true
 
-		// 1. 账号 100 遇到可重试错误，同账号重试 2 次
+		// 1. 账号 100 遇到可重试错误，同账号重试 maxSameAccountRetries 次
 		retryErr := newTestFailoverErr(400, true, false)
-		action := fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", retryErr)
-		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
+		for i := 0; i < maxSameAccountRetries; i++ {
+			action := fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", retryErr)
+			require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
+		}
 		require.True(t, fs.ForceCacheBilling, "hasBoundSession=true 应设置 ForceCacheBilling")
 
-		action = fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", retryErr)
-		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
-
-		// 2. 账号 100 重试耗尽 → TempUnschedule + 切换
-		action = fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", retryErr)
+		// 2. 账号 100 超过重试上限 → TempUnschedule + 切换
+		action := fs.HandleFailoverError(context.Background(), mock, 100, "openai", retryErr)
 		require.Equal(t, FailoverContinue, action)
 		require.Equal(t, 1, fs.SwitchCount)
 		require.Len(t, mock.calls, 1)

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler.go

@@ -972,33 +972,45 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) usageQuotaLimited(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context,
 			var rateLimits []gin.H
 			if apiKey.RateLimit5h > 0 {
 				used := rateLimitData.EffectiveUsage5h()
-				rateLimits = append(rateLimits, gin.H{
+				entry := gin.H{
 					"window":       "5h",
 					"limit":        apiKey.RateLimit5h,
 					"used":         used,
 					"remaining":    max(0, apiKey.RateLimit5h-used),
 					"window_start": rateLimitData.Window5hStart,
-				})
+				}
+				if rateLimitData.Window5hStart != nil && !service.IsWindowExpired(rateLimitData.Window5hStart, service.RateLimitWindow5h) {
+					entry["reset_at"] = rateLimitData.Window5hStart.Add(service.RateLimitWindow5h)
+				}
+				rateLimits = append(rateLimits, entry)
 			}
 			if apiKey.RateLimit1d > 0 {
 				used := rateLimitData.EffectiveUsage1d()
-				rateLimits = append(rateLimits, gin.H{
+				entry := gin.H{
 					"window":       "1d",
 					"limit":        apiKey.RateLimit1d,
 					"used":         used,
 					"remaining":    max(0, apiKey.RateLimit1d-used),
 					"window_start": rateLimitData.Window1dStart,
-				})
+				}
+				if rateLimitData.Window1dStart != nil && !service.IsWindowExpired(rateLimitData.Window1dStart, service.RateLimitWindow1d) {
+					entry["reset_at"] = rateLimitData.Window1dStart.Add(service.RateLimitWindow1d)
+				}
+				rateLimits = append(rateLimits, entry)
 			}
 			if apiKey.RateLimit7d > 0 {
 				used := rateLimitData.EffectiveUsage7d()
-				rateLimits = append(rateLimits, gin.H{
+				entry := gin.H{
 					"window":       "7d",
 					"limit":        apiKey.RateLimit7d,
 					"used":         used,
 					"remaining":    max(0, apiKey.RateLimit7d-used),
 					"window_start": rateLimitData.Window7dStart,
-				})
+				}
+				if rateLimitData.Window7dStart != nil && !service.IsWindowExpired(rateLimitData.Window7dStart, service.RateLimitWindow7d) {
+					entry["reset_at"] = rateLimitData.Window7dStart.Add(service.RateLimitWindow7d)
+				}
+				rateLimits = append(rateLimits, entry)
 			}
 			if len(rateLimits) > 0 {
 				resp["rate_limits"] = rateLimits

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler_warmup_intercept_unit_test.go

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ func newTestGatewayHandler(t *testing.T, group *service.Group, accounts []*servi
 		nil, // sessionLimitCache
 		nil, // rpmCache
 		nil, // digestStore
+		nil, // settingService
 	)
 
 	// RunModeSimple：跳过计费检查，避免引入 repo/cache 依赖。

backend/internal/handler/openai_gateway_handler.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 
 	coderws "github.com/coder/websocket"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Responses(c *gin.Context) {
 	maxAccountSwitches := h.maxAccountSwitches
 	switchCount := 0
 	failedAccountIDs := make(map[int64]struct{})
+	sameAccountRetryCount := make(map[int64]int)
 	var lastFailoverErr *service.UpstreamFailoverError
 
 	for {
@@ -259,6 +261,7 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Responses(c *gin.Context) {
 			zap.Float64("load_skew", scheduleDecision.LoadSkew),
 		)
 		account := selection.Account
+		sessionHash = ensureOpenAIPoolModeSessionHash(sessionHash, account)
 		reqLog.Debug("openai.account_selected", zap.Int64("account_id", account.ID), zap.String("account_name", account.Name))
 		setOpsSelectedAccount(c, account.ID, account.Platform)
 
@@ -288,6 +291,25 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Responses(c *gin.Context) {
 			var failoverErr *service.UpstreamFailoverError
 			if errors.As(err, &failoverErr) {
 				h.gatewayService.ReportOpenAIAccountScheduleResult(account.ID, false, nil)
+				// 池模式：同账号重试
+				if failoverErr.RetryableOnSameAccount {
+					retryLimit := account.GetPoolModeRetryCount()
+					if sameAccountRetryCount[account.ID] < retryLimit {
+						sameAccountRetryCount[account.ID]++
+						reqLog.Warn("openai.pool_mode_same_account_retry",
+							zap.Int64("account_id", account.ID),
+							zap.Int("upstream_status", failoverErr.StatusCode),
+							zap.Int("retry_limit", retryLimit),
+							zap.Int("retry_count", sameAccountRetryCount[account.ID]),
+						)
+						select {
+						case <-c.Request.Context().Done():
+							return
+						case <-time.After(sameAccountRetryDelay):
+						}
+						continue
+					}
+				}
 				h.gatewayService.RecordOpenAIAccountSwitch()
 				failedAccountIDs[account.ID] = struct{}{}
 				lastFailoverErr = failoverErr
@@ -538,9 +560,25 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 	sessionHash := h.gatewayService.GenerateSessionHash(c, body)
 	promptCacheKey := h.gatewayService.ExtractSessionID(c, body)
 
+	// Anthropic 格式的请求在 metadata.user_id 中携带 session 标识，
+	// 而非 OpenAI 的 session_id/conversation_id headers。
+	// 从中派生 sessionHash（sticky session）和 promptCacheKey（upstream cache）。
+	if sessionHash == "" || promptCacheKey == "" {
+		if userID := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(body, "metadata.user_id").String()); userID != "" {
+			seed := reqModel + "-" + userID
+			if promptCacheKey == "" {
+				promptCacheKey = service.GenerateSessionUUID(seed)
+			}
+			if sessionHash == "" {
+				sessionHash = service.DeriveSessionHashFromSeed(seed)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	maxAccountSwitches := h.maxAccountSwitches
 	switchCount := 0
 	failedAccountIDs := make(map[int64]struct{})
+	sameAccountRetryCount := make(map[int64]int)
 	var lastFailoverErr *service.UpstreamFailoverError
 
 	for {
@@ -602,6 +640,7 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 		account := selection.Account
+		sessionHash = ensureOpenAIPoolModeSessionHash(sessionHash, account)
 		reqLog.Debug("openai_messages.account_selected", zap.Int64("account_id", account.ID), zap.String("account_name", account.Name))
 		_ = scheduleDecision
 		setOpsSelectedAccount(c, account.ID, account.Platform)
@@ -641,6 +680,25 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 			var failoverErr *service.UpstreamFailoverError
 			if errors.As(err, &failoverErr) {
 				h.gatewayService.ReportOpenAIAccountScheduleResult(account.ID, false, nil)
+				// 池模式：同账号重试
+				if failoverErr.RetryableOnSameAccount {
+					retryLimit := account.GetPoolModeRetryCount()
+					if sameAccountRetryCount[account.ID] < retryLimit {
+						sameAccountRetryCount[account.ID]++
+						reqLog.Warn("openai_messages.pool_mode_same_account_retry",
+							zap.Int64("account_id", account.ID),
+							zap.Int("upstream_status", failoverErr.StatusCode),
+							zap.Int("retry_limit", retryLimit),
+							zap.Int("retry_count", sameAccountRetryCount[account.ID]),
+						)
+						select {
+						case <-c.Request.Context().Done():
+							return
+						case <-time.After(sameAccountRetryDelay):
+						}
+						continue
+					}
+				}
 				h.gatewayService.RecordOpenAIAccountSwitch()
 				failedAccountIDs[account.ID] = struct{}{}
 				lastFailoverErr = failoverErr
@@ -1456,6 +1514,14 @@ func setOpenAIClientTransportWS(c *gin.Context) {
 	service.SetOpenAIClientTransport(c, service.OpenAIClientTransportWS)
 }
 
+func ensureOpenAIPoolModeSessionHash(sessionHash string, account *service.Account) string {
+	if sessionHash != "" || account == nil || !account.IsPoolMode() {
+		return sessionHash
+	}
+	// 为当前请求生成一次性粘性会话键，确保同账号重试不会重新负载均衡到其他账号。
+	return "openai-pool-retry-" + uuid.NewString()
+}
+
 func openAIWSIngressFallbackSessionSeed(userID, apiKeyID int64, groupID *int64) string {
 	gid := int64(0)
 	if groupID != nil {

backend/internal/handler/sora_client_handler_test.go

@@ -2207,7 +2207,7 @@ func (s *stubSoraClientForHandler) GetVideoTask(_ context.Context, _ *service.Ac
 func newMinimalGatewayService(accountRepo service.AccountRepository) *service.GatewayService {
 	return service.NewGatewayService(
 		accountRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
-		nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
+		nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
 	)
 }
 

backend/internal/handler/sora_gateway_handler_test.go

@@ -445,6 +445,7 @@ func TestSoraGatewayHandler_ChatCompletions(t *testing.T) {
 		testutil.StubSessionLimitCache{},
 		nil, // rpmCache
 		nil, // digestStore
+		nil, // settingService
 	)
 
 	soraClient := &stubSoraClient{imageURLs: []string{"https://example.com/a.png"}}

backend/internal/pkg/antigravity/oauth.go

@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ const (
 	antigravityDailyBaseURL = "https://daily-cloudcode-pa.sandbox.googleapis.com"
 )
 
-// defaultUserAgentVersion 可通过环境变量 ANTIGRAVITY_USER_AGENT_VERSION 配置，默认 1.19.6
-var defaultUserAgentVersion = "1.19.6"
+// defaultUserAgentVersion 可通过环境变量 ANTIGRAVITY_USER_AGENT_VERSION 配置，默认 1.20.4
+var defaultUserAgentVersion = "1.20.4"
 
 // defaultClientSecret 可通过环境变量 ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET 配置
 var defaultClientSecret = "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"

backend/internal/pkg/antigravity/oauth_test.go

@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ func TestConstants_值正确(t *testing.T) {
 	if RedirectURI != "http://localhost:8085/callback" {
 		t.Errorf("RedirectURI 不匹配: got %s", RedirectURI)
 	}
-	if GetUserAgent() != "antigravity/1.19.6 windows/amd64" {
+	if GetUserAgent() != "antigravity/1.20.4 windows/amd64" {
 		t.Errorf("UserAgent 不匹配: got %s", GetUserAgent())
 	}
 	if SessionTTL != 30*time.Minute {

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/anthropic_responses_test.go

@@ -631,7 +631,8 @@ func TestAnthropicToResponses_ThinkingEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
-	assert.Equal(t, "high", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
+	// thinking.type is ignored for effort; default xhigh applies.
+	assert.Equal(t, "xhigh", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
 	assert.Equal(t, "auto", resp.Reasoning.Summary)
 	assert.Contains(t, resp.Include, "reasoning.encrypted_content")
 	assert.NotContains(t, resp.Include, "reasoning.summary")
@@ -648,7 +649,8 @@ func TestAnthropicToResponses_ThinkingAdaptive(t *testing.T) {
 	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
-	assert.Equal(t, "medium", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
+	// thinking.type is ignored for effort; default xhigh applies.
+	assert.Equal(t, "xhigh", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
 	assert.Equal(t, "auto", resp.Reasoning.Summary)
 	assert.NotContains(t, resp.Include, "reasoning.summary")
 }
@@ -663,8 +665,9 @@ func TestAnthropicToResponses_ThinkingDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 
 	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Nil(t, resp.Reasoning)
-	assert.NotContains(t, resp.Include, "reasoning.summary")
+	// Default effort applies (high → xhigh) even when thinking is disabled.
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	assert.Equal(t, "xhigh", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
 }
 
 func TestAnthropicToResponses_NoThinking(t *testing.T) {
@@ -676,7 +679,93 @@ func TestAnthropicToResponses_NoThinking(t *testing.T) {
 
 	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Nil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	// Default effort applies (high → xhigh) when no thinking/output_config is set.
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	assert.Equal(t, "xhigh", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// output_config.effort override tests
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_OutputConfigOverridesDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	// Default is xhigh, but output_config.effort="low" overrides. low→low after mapping.
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:        "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens:    1024,
+		Messages:     []AnthropicMessage{{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Hello"`)}},
+		Thinking:     &AnthropicThinking{Type: "enabled", BudgetTokens: 10000},
+		OutputConfig: &AnthropicOutputConfig{Effort: "low"},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	assert.Equal(t, "low", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
+	assert.Equal(t, "auto", resp.Reasoning.Summary)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_OutputConfigWithoutThinking(t *testing.T) {
+	// No thinking field, but output_config.effort="medium" → creates reasoning.
+	// medium→high after mapping.
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:        "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens:    1024,
+		Messages:     []AnthropicMessage{{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Hello"`)}},
+		OutputConfig: &AnthropicOutputConfig{Effort: "medium"},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	assert.Equal(t, "high", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
+	assert.Equal(t, "auto", resp.Reasoning.Summary)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_OutputConfigHigh(t *testing.T) {
+	// output_config.effort="high" → mapped to "xhigh".
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:        "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens:    1024,
+		Messages:     []AnthropicMessage{{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Hello"`)}},
+		OutputConfig: &AnthropicOutputConfig{Effort: "high"},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	assert.Equal(t, "xhigh", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
+	assert.Equal(t, "auto", resp.Reasoning.Summary)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_NoOutputConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	// No output_config → default xhigh regardless of thinking.type.
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:     "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages:  []AnthropicMessage{{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Hello"`)}},
+		Thinking:  &AnthropicThinking{Type: "enabled", BudgetTokens: 10000},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	assert.Equal(t, "xhigh", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_OutputConfigWithoutEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	// output_config present but effort empty (e.g. only format set) → default xhigh.
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:        "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens:    1024,
+		Messages:     []AnthropicMessage{{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Hello"`)}},
+		OutputConfig: &AnthropicOutputConfig{},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Reasoning)
+	assert.Equal(t, "xhigh", resp.Reasoning.Effort)
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -733,3 +822,188 @@ func TestAnthropicToResponses_ToolChoiceSpecific(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "get_weather", fn["name"])
 }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Image content block conversion tests
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_UserImageBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:     "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []AnthropicMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`[
+				{"type":"text","text":"What is in this image?"},
+				{"type":"image","source":{"type":"base64","media_type":"image/png","data":"iVBOR"}}
+			]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	require.Len(t, items, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "user", items[0].Role)
+
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(items[0].Content, &parts))
+	require.Len(t, parts, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "input_text", parts[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "What is in this image?", parts[0].Text)
+	assert.Equal(t, "input_image", parts[1].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "data:image/png;base64,iVBOR", parts[1].ImageURL)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_ImageOnlyUserMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:     "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []AnthropicMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`[
+				{"type":"image","source":{"type":"base64","media_type":"image/jpeg","data":"/9j/4AAQ"}}
+			]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	require.Len(t, items, 1)
+
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(items[0].Content, &parts))
+	require.Len(t, parts, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "input_image", parts[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQ", parts[0].ImageURL)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_ToolResultWithImage(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:     "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []AnthropicMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Read the screenshot"`)},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: json.RawMessage(`[{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_1","name":"Read","input":{"file_path":"/tmp/screen.png"}}]`)},
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`[
+				{"type":"tool_result","tool_use_id":"toolu_1","content":[
+					{"type":"image","source":{"type":"base64","media_type":"image/png","data":"iVBOR"}}
+				]}
+			]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	// user + function_call + function_call_output + user(image) = 4
+	require.Len(t, items, 4)
+
+	// function_call_output should have text-only output (no image).
+	assert.Equal(t, "function_call_output", items[2].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "fc_toolu_1", items[2].CallID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "(empty)", items[2].Output)
+
+	// Image should be in a separate user message.
+	assert.Equal(t, "user", items[3].Role)
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(items[3].Content, &parts))
+	require.Len(t, parts, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "input_image", parts[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "data:image/png;base64,iVBOR", parts[0].ImageURL)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_ToolResultMixed(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:     "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []AnthropicMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Describe the file"`)},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: json.RawMessage(`[{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_2","name":"Read","input":{"file_path":"/tmp/photo.png"}}]`)},
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`[
+				{"type":"tool_result","tool_use_id":"toolu_2","content":[
+					{"type":"text","text":"File metadata: 800x600 PNG"},
+					{"type":"image","source":{"type":"base64","media_type":"image/png","data":"AAAA"}}
+				]}
+			]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	// user + function_call + function_call_output + user(image) = 4
+	require.Len(t, items, 4)
+
+	// function_call_output should have text-only output.
+	assert.Equal(t, "function_call_output", items[2].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "File metadata: 800x600 PNG", items[2].Output)
+
+	// Image should be in a separate user message.
+	assert.Equal(t, "user", items[3].Role)
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(items[3].Content, &parts))
+	require.Len(t, parts, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "input_image", parts[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "data:image/png;base64,AAAA", parts[0].ImageURL)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_TextOnlyToolResultBackwardCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:     "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []AnthropicMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`"Check weather"`)},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: json.RawMessage(`[{"type":"tool_use","id":"call_1","name":"get_weather","input":{"city":"NYC"}}]`)},
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`[
+				{"type":"tool_result","tool_use_id":"call_1","content":[
+					{"type":"text","text":"Sunny, 72°F"}
+				]}
+			]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	// user + function_call + function_call_output = 3
+	require.Len(t, items, 3)
+
+	// Text-only tool_result should produce a plain string.
+	assert.Equal(t, "Sunny, 72°F", items[2].Output)
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicToResponses_ImageEmptyMediaType(t *testing.T) {
+	req := &AnthropicRequest{
+		Model:     "gpt-5.2",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []AnthropicMessage{
+			{Role: "user", Content: json.RawMessage(`[
+				{"type":"image","source":{"type":"base64","media_type":"","data":"iVBOR"}}
+			]`)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := AnthropicToResponses(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var items []ResponsesInputItem
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(resp.Input, &items))
+	require.Len(t, items, 1)
+
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(items[0].Content, &parts))
+	require.Len(t, parts, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "input_image", parts[0].Type)
+	// Should default to image/png when media_type is empty.
+	assert.Equal(t, "data:image/png;base64,iVBOR", parts[0].ImageURL)
+}

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/anthropic_to_responses.go

@@ -45,18 +45,16 @@ func AnthropicToResponses(req *AnthropicRequest) (*ResponsesRequest, error) {
 		out.Tools = convertAnthropicToolsToResponses(req.Tools)
 	}
 
-	// Convert thinking → reasoning.
-	// generate_summary="auto" causes the upstream to emit reasoning_summary_text
-	// streaming events; the include array only needs reasoning.encrypted_content
-	// (already set above) for content continuity.
-	if req.Thinking != nil {
-		switch req.Thinking.Type {
-		case "enabled":
-			out.Reasoning = &ResponsesReasoning{Effort: "high", Summary: "auto"}
-		case "adaptive":
-			out.Reasoning = &ResponsesReasoning{Effort: "medium", Summary: "auto"}
-		}
-		// "disabled" or unknown → omit reasoning
+	// Determine reasoning effort: only output_config.effort controls the
+	// level; thinking.type is ignored. Default is xhigh when unset.
+	// Anthropic levels map to OpenAI: low→low, medium→high, high→xhigh.
+	effort := "high" // default → maps to xhigh
+	if req.OutputConfig != nil && req.OutputConfig.Effort != "" {
+		effort = req.OutputConfig.Effort
+	}
+	out.Reasoning = &ResponsesReasoning{
+		Effort:  mapAnthropicEffortToResponses(effort),
+		Summary: "auto",
 	}
 
 	// Convert tool_choice
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ func anthropicMsgToResponsesItems(m AnthropicMessage) ([]ResponsesInputItem, err
 
 // anthropicUserToResponses handles an Anthropic user message. Content can be a
 // plain string or an array of blocks. tool_result blocks are extracted into
-// function_call_output items.
+// function_call_output items. Image blocks are converted to input_image parts.
 func anthropicUserToResponses(raw json.RawMessage) ([]ResponsesInputItem, error) {
 	// Try plain string.
 	var s string
@@ -184,28 +182,46 @@ func anthropicUserToResponses(raw json.RawMessage) ([]ResponsesInputItem, error)
 	}
 
 	var out []ResponsesInputItem
+	var toolResultImageParts []ResponsesContentPart
 
 	// Extract tool_result blocks → function_call_output items.
+	// Images inside tool_results are extracted separately because the
+	// Responses API function_call_output.output only accepts strings.
 	for _, b := range blocks {
 		if b.Type != "tool_result" {
 			continue
 		}
-		text := extractAnthropicToolResultText(b)
-		if text == "" {
-			// OpenAI Responses API requires "output" field; use placeholder for empty results.
-			text = "(empty)"
-		}
+		outputText, imageParts := convertToolResultOutput(b)
 		out = append(out, ResponsesInputItem{
 			Type:   "function_call_output",
 			CallID: toResponsesCallID(b.ToolUseID),
-			Output: text,
+			Output: outputText,
 		})
+		toolResultImageParts = append(toolResultImageParts, imageParts...)
 	}
 
-	// Remaining text blocks → user message.
-	text := extractAnthropicTextFromBlocks(blocks)
-	if text != "" {
-		content, _ := json.Marshal(text)
+	// Remaining text + image blocks → user message with content parts.
+	// Also include images extracted from tool_results so the model can see them.
+	var parts []ResponsesContentPart
+	for _, b := range blocks {
+		switch b.Type {
+		case "text":
+			if b.Text != "" {
+				parts = append(parts, ResponsesContentPart{Type: "input_text", Text: b.Text})
+			}
+		case "image":
+			if uri := anthropicImageToDataURI(b.Source); uri != "" {
+				parts = append(parts, ResponsesContentPart{Type: "input_image", ImageURL: uri})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	parts = append(parts, toolResultImageParts...)
+
+	if len(parts) > 0 {
+		content, err := json.Marshal(parts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		out = append(out, ResponsesInputItem{Role: "user", Content: content})
 	}
 
@@ -290,26 +306,64 @@ func fromResponsesCallID(id string) string {
 	return id
 }
 
-// extractAnthropicToolResultText gets the text content from a tool_result block.
-func extractAnthropicToolResultText(b AnthropicContentBlock) string {
-	if len(b.Content) == 0 {
+// anthropicImageToDataURI converts an AnthropicImageSource to a data URI string.
+// Returns "" if the source is nil or has no data.
+func anthropicImageToDataURI(src *AnthropicImageSource) string {
+	if src == nil || src.Data == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
+	mediaType := src.MediaType
+	if mediaType == "" {
+		mediaType = "image/png"
+	}
+	return "data:" + mediaType + ";base64," + src.Data
+}
+
+// convertToolResultOutput extracts text and image content from a tool_result
+// block. Returns the text as a string for the function_call_output Output
+// field, plus any image parts that must be sent in a separate user message
+// (the Responses API output field only accepts strings).
+func convertToolResultOutput(b AnthropicContentBlock) (string, []ResponsesContentPart) {
+	if len(b.Content) == 0 {
+		return "(empty)", nil
+	}
+
+	// Try plain string content.
 	var s string
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(b.Content, &s); err == nil {
-		return s
+		if s == "" {
+			s = "(empty)"
+		}
+		return s, nil
 	}
+
+	// Array of content blocks — may contain text and/or images.
 	var inner []AnthropicContentBlock
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(b.Content, &inner); err == nil {
-		var parts []string
-		for _, ib := range inner {
-			if ib.Type == "text" && ib.Text != "" {
-				parts = append(parts, ib.Text)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b.Content, &inner); err != nil {
+		return "(empty)", nil
+	}
+
+	// Separate text (for function_call_output) from images (for user message).
+	var textParts []string
+	var imageParts []ResponsesContentPart
+	for _, ib := range inner {
+		switch ib.Type {
+		case "text":
+			if ib.Text != "" {
+				textParts = append(textParts, ib.Text)
+			}
+		case "image":
+			if uri := anthropicImageToDataURI(ib.Source); uri != "" {
+				imageParts = append(imageParts, ResponsesContentPart{Type: "input_image", ImageURL: uri})
 			}
 		}
-		return strings.Join(parts, "\n\n")
 	}
-	return ""
+
+	text := strings.Join(textParts, "\n\n")
+	if text == "" {
+		text = "(empty)"
+	}
+	return text, imageParts
 }
 
 // extractAnthropicTextFromBlocks joins all text blocks, ignoring thinking/
@@ -324,6 +378,23 @@ func extractAnthropicTextFromBlocks(blocks []AnthropicContentBlock) string {
 	return strings.Join(parts, "\n\n")
 }
 
+// mapAnthropicEffortToResponses converts Anthropic reasoning effort levels to
+// OpenAI Responses API effort levels.
+//
+//	low    → low
+//	medium → high
+//	high   → xhigh
+func mapAnthropicEffortToResponses(effort string) string {
+	switch effort {
+	case "medium":
+		return "high"
+	case "high":
+		return "xhigh"
+	default:
+		return effort // "low" and any unknown values pass through unchanged
+	}
+}
+
 // convertAnthropicToolsToResponses maps Anthropic tool definitions to
 // Responses API tools. Server-side tools like web_search are mapped to their
 // OpenAI equivalents; regular tools become function tools.

backend/internal/pkg/apicompat/types.go

@@ -12,17 +12,23 @@ import "encoding/json"
 
 // AnthropicRequest is the request body for POST /v1/messages.
 type AnthropicRequest struct {
-	Model       string             `json:"model"`
-	MaxTokens   int                `json:"max_tokens"`
-	System      json.RawMessage    `json:"system,omitempty"` // string or []AnthropicContentBlock
-	Messages    []AnthropicMessage `json:"messages"`
-	Tools       []AnthropicTool    `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	Stream      bool               `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	Temperature *float64           `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
-	TopP        *float64           `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
-	StopSeqs    []string           `json:"stop_sequences,omitempty"`
-	Thinking    *AnthropicThinking `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
-	ToolChoice  json.RawMessage    `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	Model        string                 `json:"model"`
+	MaxTokens    int                    `json:"max_tokens"`
+	System       json.RawMessage        `json:"system,omitempty"` // string or []AnthropicContentBlock
+	Messages     []AnthropicMessage     `json:"messages"`
+	Tools        []AnthropicTool        `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	Stream       bool                   `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Temperature  *float64               `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
+	TopP         *float64               `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
+	StopSeqs     []string               `json:"stop_sequences,omitempty"`
+	Thinking     *AnthropicThinking     `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice   json.RawMessage        `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	OutputConfig *AnthropicOutputConfig `json:"output_config,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AnthropicOutputConfig controls output generation parameters.
+type AnthropicOutputConfig struct {
+	Effort string `json:"effort,omitempty"` // "low" | "medium" | "high"
 }
 
 // AnthropicThinking configures extended thinking in the Anthropic API.
@@ -47,6 +53,9 @@ type AnthropicContentBlock struct {
 	// type=thinking
 	Thinking string `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
 
+	// type=image
+	Source *AnthropicImageSource `json:"source,omitempty"`
+
 	// type=tool_use
 	ID    string          `json:"id,omitempty"`
 	Name  string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
@@ -58,9 +67,16 @@ type AnthropicContentBlock struct {
 	IsError   bool            `json:"is_error,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// AnthropicImageSource describes the source data for an image content block.
+type AnthropicImageSource struct {
+	Type      string `json:"type"` // "base64"
+	MediaType string `json:"media_type"`
+	Data      string `json:"data"`
+}
+
 // AnthropicTool describes a tool available to the model.
 type AnthropicTool struct {
-	Type        string          `json:"type,omitempty"`        // e.g. "web_search_20250305" for server tools
+	Type        string          `json:"type,omitempty"` // e.g. "web_search_20250305" for server tools
 	Name        string          `json:"name"`
 	Description string          `json:"description,omitempty"`
 	InputSchema json.RawMessage `json:"input_schema"` // JSON Schema object
@@ -146,6 +162,7 @@ type ResponsesRequest struct {
 	Store           *bool               `json:"store,omitempty"`
 	Reasoning       *ResponsesReasoning `json:"reasoning,omitempty"`
 	ToolChoice      json.RawMessage     `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	ServiceTier     string              `json:"service_tier,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ResponsesReasoning configures reasoning effort in the Responses API.
@@ -176,8 +193,9 @@ type ResponsesInputItem struct {
 
 // ResponsesContentPart is a typed content part in a Responses message.
 type ResponsesContentPart struct {
-	Type string `json:"type"` // "input_text" | "output_text" | "input_image"
-	Text string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	Type     string `json:"type"` // "input_text" | "output_text" | "input_image"
+	Text     string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	ImageURL string `json:"image_url,omitempty"` // data URI for input_image
 }
 
 // ResponsesTool describes a tool in the Responses API.

backend/internal/pkg/claude/constants.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const (
 
 // DroppedBetas 是转发时需要从 anthropic-beta header 中移除的 beta token 列表。
 // 这些 token 是客户端特有的，不应透传给上游 API。
-var DroppedBetas = []string{BetaContext1M, BetaFastMode}
+var DroppedBetas = []string{BetaFastMode}
 
 // DefaultBetaHeader Claude Code 客户端默认的 anthropic-beta header
 const DefaultBetaHeader = BetaClaudeCode + "," + BetaOAuth + "," + BetaInterleavedThinking + "," + BetaFineGrainedToolStreaming

backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go

@@ -659,13 +659,10 @@ func (r *accountRepository) ClearError(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	// 清除临时不可调度状态，重置 401 升级链
-	_, _ = r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, `
-		UPDATE accounts
-		SET temp_unschedulable_until = NULL,
-		    temp_unschedulable_reason = NULL
-		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL
-	`, id)
+	if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue clear error failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
+	}
+	r.syncSchedulerAccountSnapshot(ctx, id)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -925,6 +922,7 @@ func (r *accountRepository) SetRateLimited(ctx context.Context, id int64, resetA
 	if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue rate limit failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
 	}
+	r.syncSchedulerAccountSnapshot(ctx, id)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1040,6 +1038,7 @@ func (r *accountRepository) ClearRateLimit(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 	if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue clear rate limit failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
 	}
+	r.syncSchedulerAccountSnapshot(ctx, id)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1676,13 +1675,47 @@ func (r *accountRepository) FindByExtraField(ctx context.Context, key string, va
 	return r.accountsToService(ctx, accounts)
 }
 
-// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增账号的 extra.quota_used 字段
+// nowUTC is a SQL expression to generate a UTC RFC3339 timestamp string.
+const nowUTC = `to_char(NOW() AT TIME ZONE 'UTC', 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS.US"Z"')`
+
+// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增账号的配额用量（总/日/周三个维度）
+// 日/周额度在周期过期时自动重置为 0 再递增。
 func (r *accountRepository) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
 	rows, err := r.sql.QueryContext(ctx,
-		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = jsonb_set(
-			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb),
-			'{quota_used}',
-			to_jsonb(COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0) + $1)
+		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = (
+			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb)
+			-- 总额度：始终递增
+			|| jsonb_build_object('quota_used', COALESCE((extra->>'quota_used')::numeric, 0) + $1)
+			-- 日额度：仅在 quota_daily_limit > 0 时处理
+			|| CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_limit')::numeric, 0) > 0 THEN
+				jsonb_build_object(
+					'quota_daily_used',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '24 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN $1
+					ELSE COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_used')::numeric, 0) + $1 END,
+					'quota_daily_start',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_daily_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '24 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN `+nowUTC+`
+					ELSE COALESCE(extra->>'quota_daily_start', `+nowUTC+`) END
+				)
+			ELSE '{}'::jsonb END
+			-- 周额度：仅在 quota_weekly_limit > 0 时处理
+			|| CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_limit')::numeric, 0) > 0 THEN
+				jsonb_build_object(
+					'quota_weekly_used',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '168 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN $1
+					ELSE COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_used')::numeric, 0) + $1 END,
+					'quota_weekly_start',
+					CASE WHEN COALESCE((extra->>'quota_weekly_start')::timestamptz, '1970-01-01'::timestamptz)
+						+ '168 hours'::interval <= NOW()
+					THEN `+nowUTC+`
+					ELSE COALESCE(extra->>'quota_weekly_start', `+nowUTC+`) END
+				)
+			ELSE '{}'::jsonb END
 		), updated_at = NOW()
 		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL
 		RETURNING
@@ -1704,7 +1737,7 @@ func (r *accountRepository) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, am
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// 配额刚超限时触发调度快照刷新，使账号及时从调度候选中移除
+	// 任一维度配额刚超限时触发调度快照刷新
 	if limit > 0 && newUsed >= limit && (newUsed-amount) < limit {
 		if err := enqueueSchedulerOutbox(ctx, r.sql, service.SchedulerOutboxEventAccountChanged, &id, nil, nil); err != nil {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.account", "[SchedulerOutbox] enqueue quota exceeded failed: account=%d err=%v", id, err)
@@ -1713,14 +1746,13 @@ func (r *accountRepository) IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, am
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ResetQuotaUsed 重置账号的 extra.quota_used 为 0
+// ResetQuotaUsed 重置账号所有维度的配额用量为 0
 func (r *accountRepository) ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	_, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx,
-		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = jsonb_set(
-			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb),
-			'{quota_used}',
-			'0'::jsonb
-		), updated_at = NOW()
+		`UPDATE accounts SET extra = (
+			COALESCE(extra, '{}'::jsonb)
+			|| '{"quota_used": 0, "quota_daily_used": 0, "quota_weekly_used": 0}'::jsonb
+		) - 'quota_daily_start' - 'quota_weekly_start', updated_at = NOW()
 		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
 		id)
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/repository/account_repo_integration_test.go

@@ -558,6 +558,26 @@ func (s *AccountRepoSuite) TestSetError() {
 	s.Require().Equal("something went wrong", got.ErrorMessage)
 }
 
+func (s *AccountRepoSuite) TestClearError_SyncSchedulerSnapshotOnRecovery() {
+	account := mustCreateAccount(s.T(), s.client, &service.Account{
+		Name:         "acc-clear-err",
+		Status:       service.StatusError,
+		ErrorMessage: "temporary error",
+	})
+	cacheRecorder := &schedulerCacheRecorder{}
+	s.repo.schedulerCache = cacheRecorder
+
+	s.Require().NoError(s.repo.ClearError(s.ctx, account.ID))
+
+	got, err := s.repo.GetByID(s.ctx, account.ID)
+	s.Require().NoError(err)
+	s.Require().Equal(service.StatusActive, got.Status)
+	s.Require().Empty(got.ErrorMessage)
+	s.Require().Len(cacheRecorder.setAccounts, 1)
+	s.Require().Equal(account.ID, cacheRecorder.setAccounts[0].ID)
+	s.Require().Equal(service.StatusActive, cacheRecorder.setAccounts[0].Status)
+}
+
 // --- UpdateSessionWindow ---
 
 func (s *AccountRepoSuite) TestUpdateSessionWindow() {

backend/internal/repository/api_key_repo.go

@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ func (r *apiKeyRepository) GetByKeyForAuth(ctx context.Context, key string) (*se
 				group.FieldModelRouting,
 				group.FieldMcpXMLInject,
 				group.FieldSupportedModelScopes,
-			group.FieldAllowMessagesDispatch,
-			group.FieldDefaultMappedModel,
+				group.FieldAllowMessagesDispatch,
+				group.FieldDefaultMappedModel,
 			)
 		}).
 		Only(ctx)
@@ -476,8 +476,8 @@ func (r *apiKeyRepository) IncrementRateLimitUsage(ctx context.Context, id int64
 			usage_1d = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN $1 ELSE usage_1d + $1 END,
 			usage_7d = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN $1 ELSE usage_7d + $1 END,
 			window_5h_start = CASE WHEN window_5h_start IS NULL OR window_5h_start + INTERVAL '5 hours' <= NOW() THEN NOW() ELSE window_5h_start END,
-			window_1d_start = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NULL OR window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN NOW() ELSE window_1d_start END,
-			window_7d_start = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NULL OR window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN NOW() ELSE window_7d_start END,
+			window_1d_start = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NULL OR window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN date_trunc('day', NOW()) ELSE window_1d_start END,
+			window_7d_start = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NULL OR window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN date_trunc('day', NOW()) ELSE window_7d_start END,
 			updated_at = NOW()
 		WHERE id = $2 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
 		cost, id)
@@ -491,9 +491,9 @@ func (r *apiKeyRepository) ResetRateLimitWindows(ctx context.Context, id int64)
 			usage_5h = CASE WHEN window_5h_start IS NOT NULL AND window_5h_start + INTERVAL '5 hours' <= NOW() THEN 0 ELSE usage_5h END,
 			window_5h_start = CASE WHEN window_5h_start IS NOT NULL AND window_5h_start + INTERVAL '5 hours' <= NOW() THEN NOW() ELSE window_5h_start END,
 			usage_1d = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN 0 ELSE usage_1d END,
-			window_1d_start = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN NOW() ELSE window_1d_start END,
+			window_1d_start = CASE WHEN window_1d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_1d_start + INTERVAL '24 hours' <= NOW() THEN date_trunc('day', NOW()) ELSE window_1d_start END,
 			usage_7d = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN 0 ELSE usage_7d END,
-			window_7d_start = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN NOW() ELSE window_7d_start END,
+			window_7d_start = CASE WHEN window_7d_start IS NOT NULL AND window_7d_start + INTERVAL '7 days' <= NOW() THEN date_trunc('day', NOW()) ELSE window_7d_start END,
 			updated_at = NOW()
 		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
 		id)

backend/internal/repository/ent.go

@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ func InitEnt(cfg *config.Config) (*ent.Client, *sql.DB, error) {
 			_ = client.Close()
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
+		if err := ensureSimpleModeAdminConcurrency(seedCtx, client); err != nil {
+			_ = client.Close()
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
 	}
 
 	return client, drv.DB(), nil

backend/internal/repository/scheduled_test_repo.go

@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ func NewScheduledTestPlanRepository(db *sql.DB) service.ScheduledTestPlanReposit
 
 func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, plan *service.ScheduledTestPlan) (*service.ScheduledTestPlan, error) {
 	row := r.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
-		INSERT INTO scheduled_test_plans (account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at)
-		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, NOW(), NOW())
-		RETURNING id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
-	`, plan.AccountID, plan.ModelID, plan.CronExpression, plan.Enabled, plan.MaxResults, plan.NextRunAt)
+		INSERT INTO scheduled_test_plans (account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, auto_recover, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, NOW(), NOW())
+		RETURNING id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, auto_recover, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
+	`, plan.AccountID, plan.ModelID, plan.CronExpression, plan.Enabled, plan.MaxResults, plan.AutoRecover, plan.NextRunAt)
 	return scanPlan(row)
 }
 
 func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*service.ScheduledTestPlan, error) {
 	row := r.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
-		SELECT id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
+		SELECT id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, auto_recover, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
 		FROM scheduled_test_plans WHERE id = $1
 	`, id)
 	return scanPlan(row)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*s
 
 func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) ListByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) ([]*service.ScheduledTestPlan, error) {
 	rows, err := r.db.QueryContext(ctx, `
-		SELECT id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
+		SELECT id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, auto_recover, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
 		FROM scheduled_test_plans WHERE account_id = $1
 		ORDER BY created_at DESC
 	`, accountID)
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) ListByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accou
 
 func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) ListDue(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) ([]*service.ScheduledTestPlan, error) {
 	rows, err := r.db.QueryContext(ctx, `
-		SELECT id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
+		SELECT id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, auto_recover, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
 		FROM scheduled_test_plans
 		WHERE enabled = true AND next_run_at <= $1
 		ORDER BY next_run_at ASC
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) ListDue(ctx context.Context, now time.Time
 func (r *scheduledTestPlanRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, plan *service.ScheduledTestPlan) (*service.ScheduledTestPlan, error) {
 	row := r.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
 		UPDATE scheduled_test_plans
-		SET model_id = $2, cron_expression = $3, enabled = $4, max_results = $5, next_run_at = $6, updated_at = NOW()
+		SET model_id = $2, cron_expression = $3, enabled = $4, max_results = $5, auto_recover = $6, next_run_at = $7, updated_at = NOW()
 		WHERE id = $1
-		RETURNING id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
-	`, plan.ID, plan.ModelID, plan.CronExpression, plan.Enabled, plan.MaxResults, plan.NextRunAt)
+		RETURNING id, account_id, model_id, cron_expression, enabled, max_results, auto_recover, last_run_at, next_run_at, created_at, updated_at
+	`, plan.ID, plan.ModelID, plan.CronExpression, plan.Enabled, plan.MaxResults, plan.AutoRecover, plan.NextRunAt)
 	return scanPlan(row)
 }
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ type scannable interface {
 func scanPlan(row scannable) (*service.ScheduledTestPlan, error) {
 	p := &service.ScheduledTestPlan{}
 	if err := row.Scan(
-		&p.ID, &p.AccountID, &p.ModelID, &p.CronExpression, &p.Enabled, &p.MaxResults,
+		&p.ID, &p.AccountID, &p.ModelID, &p.CronExpression, &p.Enabled, &p.MaxResults, &p.AutoRecover,
 		&p.LastRunAt, &p.NextRunAt, &p.CreatedAt, &p.UpdatedAt,
 	); err != nil {
 		return nil, err

backend/internal/repository/simple_mode_admin_concurrency.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	dbent "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent/setting"
+	dbuser "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent/user"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+const (
+	simpleModeAdminConcurrencyUpgradeKey = "simple_mode_admin_concurrency_upgraded_30"
+	simpleModeLegacyAdminConcurrency     = 5
+	simpleModeTargetAdminConcurrency     = 30
+)
+
+func ensureSimpleModeAdminConcurrency(ctx context.Context, client *dbent.Client) error {
+	if client == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("nil ent client")
+	}
+
+	upgraded, err := client.Setting.Query().Where(setting.KeyEQ(simpleModeAdminConcurrencyUpgradeKey)).Exist(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("check admin concurrency upgrade marker: %w", err)
+	}
+	if upgraded {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if _, err := client.User.Update().
+		Where(
+			dbuser.RoleEQ(service.RoleAdmin),
+			dbuser.ConcurrencyEQ(simpleModeLegacyAdminConcurrency),
+		).
+		SetConcurrency(simpleModeTargetAdminConcurrency).
+		Save(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("upgrade simple mode admin concurrency: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	if err := client.Setting.Create().
+		SetKey(simpleModeAdminConcurrencyUpgradeKey).
+		SetValue(now.Format(time.RFC3339)).
+		SetUpdatedAt(now).
+		OnConflictColumns(setting.FieldKey).
+		UpdateNewValues().
+		Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("persist admin concurrency upgrade marker: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/lib/pq"
 )
 
-const usageLogSelectColumns = "id, user_id, api_key_id, account_id, request_id, model, group_id, subscription_id, input_tokens, output_tokens, cache_creation_tokens, cache_read_tokens, cache_creation_5m_tokens, cache_creation_1h_tokens, input_cost, output_cost, cache_creation_cost, cache_read_cost, total_cost, actual_cost, rate_multiplier, account_rate_multiplier, billing_type, request_type, stream, openai_ws_mode, duration_ms, first_token_ms, user_agent, ip_address, image_count, image_size, media_type, reasoning_effort, cache_ttl_overridden, created_at"
+const usageLogSelectColumns = "id, user_id, api_key_id, account_id, request_id, model, group_id, subscription_id, input_tokens, output_tokens, cache_creation_tokens, cache_read_tokens, cache_creation_5m_tokens, cache_creation_1h_tokens, input_cost, output_cost, cache_creation_cost, cache_read_cost, total_cost, actual_cost, rate_multiplier, account_rate_multiplier, billing_type, request_type, stream, openai_ws_mode, duration_ms, first_token_ms, user_agent, ip_address, image_count, image_size, media_type, service_tier, reasoning_effort, cache_ttl_overridden, created_at"
 
 // dateFormatWhitelist 将 granularity 参数映射为 PostgreSQL TO_CHAR 格式字符串，防止外部输入直接拼入 SQL
 var dateFormatWhitelist = map[string]string{
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ func (r *usageLogRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, log *service.UsageLog)
 			image_count,
 			image_size,
 			media_type,
+			service_tier,
 			reasoning_effort,
 			cache_ttl_overridden,
 			created_at
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ func (r *usageLogRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, log *service.UsageLog)
 			$8, $9, $10, $11,
 			$12, $13,
 			$14, $15, $16, $17, $18, $19,
-			$20, $21, $22, $23, $24, $25, $26, $27, $28, $29, $30, $31, $32, $33, $34, $35
+			$20, $21, $22, $23, $24, $25, $26, $27, $28, $29, $30, $31, $32, $33, $34, $35, $36
 		)
 		ON CONFLICT (request_id, api_key_id) DO NOTHING
 		RETURNING id, created_at
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@ func (r *usageLogRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, log *service.UsageLog)
 	ipAddress := nullString(log.IPAddress)
 	imageSize := nullString(log.ImageSize)
 	mediaType := nullString(log.MediaType)
+	serviceTier := nullString(log.ServiceTier)
 	reasoningEffort := nullString(log.ReasoningEffort)
 
 	var requestIDArg any
@@ -198,6 +200,7 @@ func (r *usageLogRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, log *service.UsageLog)
 		log.ImageCount,
 		imageSize,
 		mediaType,
+		serviceTier,
 		reasoningEffort,
 		log.CacheTTLOverridden,
 		createdAt,
@@ -2505,6 +2508,7 @@ func scanUsageLog(scanner interface{ Scan(...any) error }) (*service.UsageLog, e
 		imageCount            int
 		imageSize             sql.NullString
 		mediaType             sql.NullString
+		serviceTier           sql.NullString
 		reasoningEffort       sql.NullString
 		cacheTTLOverridden    bool
 		createdAt             time.Time
@@ -2544,6 +2548,7 @@ func scanUsageLog(scanner interface{ Scan(...any) error }) (*service.UsageLog, e
 		&imageCount,
 		&imageSize,
 		&mediaType,
+		&serviceTier,
 		&reasoningEffort,
 		&cacheTTLOverridden,
 		&createdAt,
@@ -2614,6 +2619,9 @@ func scanUsageLog(scanner interface{ Scan(...any) error }) (*service.UsageLog, e
 	if mediaType.Valid {
 		log.MediaType = &mediaType.String
 	}
+	if serviceTier.Valid {
+		log.ServiceTier = &serviceTier.String
+	}
 	if reasoningEffort.Valid {
 		log.ReasoningEffort = &reasoningEffort.String
 	}

backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_request_type_test.go

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreateSyncRequestTypeAndLegacyFields(t *testing.T) {
 			log.ImageCount,
 			sqlmock.AnyArg(), // image_size
 			sqlmock.AnyArg(), // media_type
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(), // service_tier
 			sqlmock.AnyArg(), // reasoning_effort
 			log.CacheTTLOverridden,
 			createdAt,
@@ -81,12 +82,76 @@ func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreateSyncRequestTypeAndLegacyFields(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.True(t, inserted)
 	require.Equal(t, int64(99), log.ID)
+	require.Nil(t, log.ServiceTier)
 	require.Equal(t, service.RequestTypeWSV2, log.RequestType)
 	require.True(t, log.Stream)
 	require.True(t, log.OpenAIWSMode)
 	require.NoError(t, mock.ExpectationsWereMet())
 }
 
+func TestUsageLogRepositoryCreate_PersistsServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	db, mock := newSQLMock(t)
+	repo := &usageLogRepository{sql: db}
+
+	createdAt := time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	serviceTier := "priority"
+	log := &service.UsageLog{
+		UserID:      1,
+		APIKeyID:    2,
+		AccountID:   3,
+		RequestID:   "req-service-tier",
+		Model:       "gpt-5.4",
+		ServiceTier: &serviceTier,
+		CreatedAt:   createdAt,
+	}
+
+	mock.ExpectQuery("INSERT INTO usage_logs").
+		WithArgs(
+			log.UserID,
+			log.APIKeyID,
+			log.AccountID,
+			log.RequestID,
+			log.Model,
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			log.InputTokens,
+			log.OutputTokens,
+			log.CacheCreationTokens,
+			log.CacheReadTokens,
+			log.CacheCreation5mTokens,
+			log.CacheCreation1hTokens,
+			log.InputCost,
+			log.OutputCost,
+			log.CacheCreationCost,
+			log.CacheReadCost,
+			log.TotalCost,
+			log.ActualCost,
+			log.RateMultiplier,
+			log.AccountRateMultiplier,
+			log.BillingType,
+			int16(service.RequestTypeSync),
+			false,
+			false,
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			log.ImageCount,
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			serviceTier,
+			sqlmock.AnyArg(),
+			log.CacheTTLOverridden,
+			createdAt,
+		).
+		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"id", "created_at"}).AddRow(int64(100), createdAt))
+
+	inserted, err := repo.Create(context.Background(), log)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, inserted)
+	require.NoError(t, mock.ExpectationsWereMet())
+}
+
 func TestUsageLogRepositoryListWithFiltersRequestTypePriority(t *testing.T) {
 	db, mock := newSQLMock(t)
 	repo := &usageLogRepository{sql: db}
@@ -280,11 +345,14 @@ func TestScanUsageLogRequestTypeAndLegacyFallback(t *testing.T) {
 			0,
 			sql.NullString{},
 			sql.NullString{},
+			sql.NullString{Valid: true, String: "priority"},
 			sql.NullString{},
 			false,
 			now,
 		}})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, log.ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, "priority", *log.ServiceTier)
 		require.Equal(t, service.RequestTypeWSV2, log.RequestType)
 		require.True(t, log.Stream)
 		require.True(t, log.OpenAIWSMode)
@@ -316,13 +384,53 @@ func TestScanUsageLogRequestTypeAndLegacyFallback(t *testing.T) {
 			0,
 			sql.NullString{},
 			sql.NullString{},
+			sql.NullString{Valid: true, String: "flex"},
 			sql.NullString{},
 			false,
 			now,
 		}})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, log.ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, "flex", *log.ServiceTier)
 		require.Equal(t, service.RequestTypeStream, log.RequestType)
 		require.True(t, log.Stream)
 		require.False(t, log.OpenAIWSMode)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("service_tier_is_scanned", func(t *testing.T) {
+		now := time.Now().UTC()
+		log, err := scanUsageLog(usageLogScannerStub{values: []any{
+			int64(3),
+			int64(12),
+			int64(22),
+			int64(32),
+			sql.NullString{Valid: true, String: "req-3"},
+			"gpt-5.4",
+			sql.NullInt64{},
+			sql.NullInt64{},
+			1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
+			0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 1.0, 0.9,
+			1.0,
+			sql.NullFloat64{},
+			int16(service.BillingTypeBalance),
+			int16(service.RequestTypeSync),
+			false,
+			false,
+			sql.NullInt64{},
+			sql.NullInt64{},
+			sql.NullString{},
+			sql.NullString{},
+			0,
+			sql.NullString{},
+			sql.NullString{},
+			sql.NullString{Valid: true, String: "priority"},
+			sql.NullString{},
+			false,
+			now,
+		}})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, log.ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, "priority", *log.ServiceTier)
+	})
+
 }

backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go

@@ -210,8 +210,10 @@ func TestAPIContracts(t *testing.T) {
 							"sora_video_price_per_request": null,
 							"sora_video_price_per_request_hd": null,
 							"claude_code_only": false,
+						"allow_messages_dispatch": false,
 						"fallback_group_id": null,
 						"fallback_group_id_on_invalid_request": null,
+						"allow_messages_dispatch": false,
 						"created_at": "2025-01-02T03:04:05Z",
 						"updated_at": "2025-01-02T03:04:05Z"
 					}

backend/internal/server/routes/admin.go

@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ func registerAccountRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup, h *handler.Handlers) {
 		accounts.PUT("/:id", h.Admin.Account.Update)
 		accounts.DELETE("/:id", h.Admin.Account.Delete)
 		accounts.POST("/:id/test", h.Admin.Account.Test)
+		accounts.POST("/:id/recover-state", h.Admin.Account.RecoverState)
 		accounts.POST("/:id/refresh", h.Admin.Account.Refresh)
 		accounts.POST("/:id/refresh-tier", h.Admin.Account.RefreshTier)
 		accounts.GET("/:id/stats", h.Admin.Account.GetStats)
@@ -392,6 +393,9 @@ func registerSettingsRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup, h *handler.Handlers) {
 		// 流超时处理配置
 		adminSettings.GET("/stream-timeout", h.Admin.Setting.GetStreamTimeoutSettings)
 		adminSettings.PUT("/stream-timeout", h.Admin.Setting.UpdateStreamTimeoutSettings)
+		// 请求整流器配置
+		adminSettings.GET("/rectifier", h.Admin.Setting.GetRectifierSettings)
+		adminSettings.PUT("/rectifier", h.Admin.Setting.UpdateRectifierSettings)
 		// Sora S3 存储配置
 		adminSettings.GET("/sora-s3", h.Admin.Setting.GetSoraS3Settings)
 		adminSettings.PUT("/sora-s3", h.Admin.Setting.UpdateSoraS3Settings)

backend/internal/service/account.go

@@ -647,6 +647,75 @@ func (a *Account) IsCustomErrorCodesEnabled() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// IsPoolMode 检查 API Key 账号是否启用池模式。
+// 池模式下，上游错误不标记本地账号状态，而是在同一账号上重试。
+func (a *Account) IsPoolMode() bool {
+	if a.Type != AccountTypeAPIKey || a.Credentials == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if v, ok := a.Credentials["pool_mode"]; ok {
+		if enabled, ok := v.(bool); ok {
+			return enabled
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+const (
+	defaultPoolModeRetryCount = 3
+	maxPoolModeRetryCount     = 10
+)
+
+// GetPoolModeRetryCount 返回池模式同账号重试次数。
+// 未配置或配置非法时回退为默认值 3；小于 0 按 0 处理；过大则截断到 10。
+func (a *Account) GetPoolModeRetryCount() int {
+	if a == nil || !a.IsPoolMode() || a.Credentials == nil {
+		return defaultPoolModeRetryCount
+	}
+	raw, ok := a.Credentials["pool_mode_retry_count"]
+	if !ok || raw == nil {
+		return defaultPoolModeRetryCount
+	}
+	count := parsePoolModeRetryCount(raw)
+	if count < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if count > maxPoolModeRetryCount {
+		return maxPoolModeRetryCount
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+func parsePoolModeRetryCount(value any) int {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return v
+	case int64:
+		return int(v)
+	case float64:
+		return int(v)
+	case json.Number:
+		if i, err := v.Int64(); err == nil {
+			return int(i)
+		}
+	case string:
+		if i, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(v)); err == nil {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return defaultPoolModeRetryCount
+}
+
+// isPoolModeRetryableStatus 池模式下应触发同账号重试的状态码
+func isPoolModeRetryableStatus(statusCode int) bool {
+	switch statusCode {
+	case 401, 403, 429:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 func (a *Account) GetCustomErrorCodes() []int {
 	if a.Credentials == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -1134,33 +1203,97 @@ func (a *Account) GetCacheTTLOverrideTarget() string {
 // GetQuotaLimit 获取 API Key 账号的配额限制（美元）
 // 返回 0 表示未启用
 func (a *Account) GetQuotaLimit() float64 {
-	if a.Extra == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	if v, ok := a.Extra["quota_limit"]; ok {
-		return parseExtraFloat64(v)
-	}
-	return 0
+	return a.getExtraFloat64("quota_limit")
 }
 
 // GetQuotaUsed 获取 API Key 账号的已用配额（美元）
 func (a *Account) GetQuotaUsed() float64 {
+	return a.getExtraFloat64("quota_used")
+}
+
+// GetQuotaDailyLimit 获取日额度限制（美元），0 表示未启用
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaDailyLimit() float64 {
+	return a.getExtraFloat64("quota_daily_limit")
+}
+
+// GetQuotaDailyUsed 获取当日已用额度（美元）
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaDailyUsed() float64 {
+	return a.getExtraFloat64("quota_daily_used")
+}
+
+// GetQuotaWeeklyLimit 获取周额度限制（美元），0 表示未启用
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaWeeklyLimit() float64 {
+	return a.getExtraFloat64("quota_weekly_limit")
+}
+
+// GetQuotaWeeklyUsed 获取本周已用额度（美元）
+func (a *Account) GetQuotaWeeklyUsed() float64 {
+	return a.getExtraFloat64("quota_weekly_used")
+}
+
+// getExtraFloat64 从 Extra 中读取指定 key 的 float64 值
+func (a *Account) getExtraFloat64(key string) float64 {
 	if a.Extra == nil {
 		return 0
 	}
-	if v, ok := a.Extra["quota_used"]; ok {
+	if v, ok := a.Extra[key]; ok {
 		return parseExtraFloat64(v)
 	}
 	return 0
 }
 
-// IsQuotaExceeded 检查 API Key 账号配额是否已超限
-func (a *Account) IsQuotaExceeded() bool {
-	limit := a.GetQuotaLimit()
-	if limit <= 0 {
-		return false
+// getExtraTime 从 Extra 中读取 RFC3339 时间戳
+func (a *Account) getExtraTime(key string) time.Time {
+	if a.Extra == nil {
+		return time.Time{}
 	}
-	return a.GetQuotaUsed() >= limit
+	if v, ok := a.Extra[key]; ok {
+		if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
+			if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, s); err == nil {
+				return t
+			}
+			if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, s); err == nil {
+				return t
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return time.Time{}
+}
+
+// HasAnyQuotaLimit 检查是否配置了任一维度的配额限制
+func (a *Account) HasAnyQuotaLimit() bool {
+	return a.GetQuotaLimit() > 0 || a.GetQuotaDailyLimit() > 0 || a.GetQuotaWeeklyLimit() > 0
+}
+
+// isPeriodExpired 检查指定周期（自 periodStart 起经过 dur）是否已过期
+func isPeriodExpired(periodStart time.Time, dur time.Duration) bool {
+	if periodStart.IsZero() {
+		return true // 从未使用过，视为过期（下次 increment 会初始化）
+	}
+	return time.Since(periodStart) >= dur
+}
+
+// IsQuotaExceeded 检查 API Key 账号配额是否已超限（任一维度超限即返回 true）
+func (a *Account) IsQuotaExceeded() bool {
+	// 总额度
+	if limit := a.GetQuotaLimit(); limit > 0 && a.GetQuotaUsed() >= limit {
+		return true
+	}
+	// 日额度（周期过期视为未超限，下次 increment 会重置）
+	if limit := a.GetQuotaDailyLimit(); limit > 0 {
+		start := a.getExtraTime("quota_daily_start")
+		if !isPeriodExpired(start, 24*time.Hour) && a.GetQuotaDailyUsed() >= limit {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	// 周额度
+	if limit := a.GetQuotaWeeklyLimit(); limit > 0 {
+		start := a.getExtraTime("quota_weekly_start")
+		if !isPeriodExpired(start, 7*24*time.Hour) && a.GetQuotaWeeklyUsed() >= limit {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // GetWindowCostLimit 获取 5h 窗口费用阈值（美元）

backend/internal/service/account_pool_mode_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGetPoolModeRetryCount(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		account  *Account
+		expected int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "default_when_not_pool_mode",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{},
+			},
+			expected: defaultPoolModeRetryCount,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "default_when_missing_retry_count",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode": true,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: defaultPoolModeRetryCount,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "supports_float64_from_json_credentials",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode":             true,
+					"pool_mode_retry_count": float64(5),
+				},
+			},
+			expected: 5,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "supports_json_number",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode":             true,
+					"pool_mode_retry_count": json.Number("4"),
+				},
+			},
+			expected: 4,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "supports_string_value",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode":             true,
+					"pool_mode_retry_count": "2",
+				},
+			},
+			expected: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "negative_value_is_clamped_to_zero",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode":             true,
+					"pool_mode_retry_count": -1,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "oversized_value_is_clamped_to_max",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode":             true,
+					"pool_mode_retry_count": 99,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: maxPoolModeRetryCount,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid_value_falls_back_to_default",
+			account: &Account{
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode":             true,
+					"pool_mode_retry_count": "oops",
+				},
+			},
+			expected: defaultPoolModeRetryCount,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.expected, tt.account.GetPoolModeRetryCount())
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/account_service.go

@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ type AccountRepository interface {
 	UpdateSessionWindow(ctx context.Context, id int64, start, end *time.Time, status string) error
 	UpdateExtra(ctx context.Context, id int64, updates map[string]any) error
 	BulkUpdate(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, updates AccountBulkUpdate) (int64, error)
-	// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增 API Key 账号的配额用量
+	// IncrementQuotaUsed 原子递增 API Key 账号的配额用量（总/日/周）
 	IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error
-	// ResetQuotaUsed 重置 API Key 账号的配额用量为 0
+	// ResetQuotaUsed 重置 API Key 账号所有维度的配额用量为 0
 	ResetQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, id int64) error
 }
 

backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go

@@ -406,8 +406,27 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
+	if isOAuth && s.accountRepo != nil {
+		if updates, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp); err == nil && len(updates) > 0 {
+			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, updates)
+			mergeAccountExtra(account, updates)
+		}
+		if snapshot := ParseCodexRateLimitHeaders(resp.Header); snapshot != nil {
+			if resetAt := codexRateLimitResetAtFromSnapshot(snapshot, time.Now()); resetAt != nil {
+				_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt)
+				account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if isOAuth && s.accountRepo != nil {
+			if resetAt := (&RateLimitService{}).calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(resp.Header); resetAt != nil {
+				_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt)
+				account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
+			}
+		}
 		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type openAIAccountTestRepo struct {
+	mockAccountRepoForGemini
+	updatedExtra  map[string]any
+	rateLimitedID int64
+	rateLimitedAt *time.Time
+}
+
+func (r *openAIAccountTestRepo) UpdateExtra(_ context.Context, _ int64, updates map[string]any) error {
+	r.updatedExtra = updates
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *openAIAccountTestRepo) SetRateLimited(_ context.Context, id int64, resetAt time.Time) error {
+	r.rateLimitedID = id
+	r.rateLimitedAt = &resetAt
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestAccountTestService_OpenAISuccessPersistsSnapshotFromHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	ctx, recorder := newSoraTestContext()
+
+	resp := newJSONResponse(http.StatusOK, "")
+	resp.Body = io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`data: {"type":"response.completed"}
+
+`))
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "88")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-reset-after-seconds", "604800")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-window-minutes", "10080")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-secondary-used-percent", "42")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-secondary-reset-after-seconds", "18000")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-secondary-window-minutes", "300")
+
+	repo := &openAIAccountTestRepo{}
+	upstream := &queuedHTTPUpstream{responses: []*http.Response{resp}}
+	svc := &AccountTestService{accountRepo: repo, httpUpstream: upstream}
+	account := &Account{
+		ID:          89,
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{"access_token": "test-token"},
+	}
+
+	err := svc.testOpenAIAccountConnection(ctx, account, "gpt-5.4")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, repo.updatedExtra)
+	require.Equal(t, 42.0, repo.updatedExtra["codex_5h_used_percent"])
+	require.Equal(t, 88.0, repo.updatedExtra["codex_7d_used_percent"])
+	require.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "test_complete")
+}
+
+func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotAndRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	ctx, _ := newSoraTestContext()
+
+	resp := newJSONResponse(http.StatusTooManyRequests, `{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached","message":"limit reached"}}`)
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "100")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-reset-after-seconds", "604800")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-window-minutes", "10080")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-secondary-used-percent", "100")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-secondary-reset-after-seconds", "18000")
+	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-secondary-window-minutes", "300")
+
+	repo := &openAIAccountTestRepo{}
+	upstream := &queuedHTTPUpstream{responses: []*http.Response{resp}}
+	svc := &AccountTestService{accountRepo: repo, httpUpstream: upstream}
+	account := &Account{
+		ID:          88,
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{"access_token": "test-token"},
+	}
+
+	err := svc.testOpenAIAccountConnection(ctx, account, "gpt-5.4")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, repo.updatedExtra)
+	require.Equal(t, 100.0, repo.updatedExtra["codex_5h_used_percent"])
+	require.Equal(t, int64(88), repo.rateLimitedID)
+	require.NotNil(t, repo.rateLimitedAt)
+	require.NotNil(t, account.RateLimitResetAt)
+	if account.RateLimitResetAt != nil && repo.rateLimitedAt != nil {
+		require.WithinDuration(t, *repo.rateLimitedAt, *account.RateLimitResetAt, time.Second)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go

@@ -359,6 +359,7 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) getOpenAIUsage(ctx context.Context, account *Accou
 	if account == nil {
 		return usage, nil
 	}
+	syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, now)
 
 	if progress := buildCodexUsageProgressFromExtra(account.Extra, "5h", now); progress != nil {
 		usage.FiveHour = progress
@@ -367,7 +368,7 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) getOpenAIUsage(ctx context.Context, account *Accou
 		usage.SevenDay = progress
 	}
 
-	if (usage.FiveHour == nil || usage.SevenDay == nil) && s.shouldProbeOpenAICodexSnapshot(account.ID, now) {
+	if shouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(account, usage, now) && s.shouldProbeOpenAICodexSnapshot(account.ID, now) {
 		if updates, err := s.probeOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx, account); err == nil && len(updates) > 0 {
 			mergeAccountExtra(account, updates)
 			if usage.UpdatedAt == nil {
@@ -409,6 +410,40 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) getOpenAIUsage(ctx context.Context, account *Accou
 	return usage, nil
 }
 
+func shouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(account *Account, usage *UsageInfo, now time.Time) bool {
+	if account == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if usage == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if usage.FiveHour == nil || usage.SevenDay == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if account.IsRateLimited() {
+		return true
+	}
+	return isOpenAICodexSnapshotStale(account, now)
+}
+
+func isOpenAICodexSnapshotStale(account *Account, now time.Time) bool {
+	if account == nil || !account.IsOpenAIOAuth() || !account.IsOpenAIResponsesWebSocketV2Enabled() {
+		return false
+	}
+	if account.Extra == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	raw, ok := account.Extra["codex_usage_updated_at"]
+	if !ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	ts, err := parseTime(fmt.Sprint(raw))
+	if err != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return now.Sub(ts) >= openAIProbeCacheTTL
+}
+
 func (s *AccountUsageService) shouldProbeOpenAICodexSnapshot(accountID int64, now time.Time) bool {
 	if s == nil || s.cache == nil || accountID <= 0 {
 		return true
@@ -478,20 +513,34 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) probeOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx context.Context, acco
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
-	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("openai codex probe returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	updates, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(updates) > 0 {
+		go func(accountID int64, updates map[string]any) {
+			updateCtx, updateCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+			defer updateCancel()
+			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
+		}(account.ID, updates)
+		return updates, nil
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp *http.Response) (map[string]any, error) {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	if snapshot := ParseCodexRateLimitHeaders(resp.Header); snapshot != nil {
 		updates := buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot, time.Now())
 		if len(updates) > 0 {
-			go func(accountID int64, updates map[string]any) {
-				updateCtx, updateCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-				defer updateCancel()
-				_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
-			}(account.ID, updates)
 			return updates, nil
 		}
 	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("openai codex probe returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

backend/internal/service/account_usage_service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestShouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	rateLimitedUntil := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Minute)
+	now := time.Now()
+	usage := &UsageInfo{
+		FiveHour: &UsageProgress{Utilization: 0},
+		SevenDay: &UsageProgress{Utilization: 0},
+	}
+
+	if !shouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(&Account{RateLimitResetAt: &rateLimitedUntil}, usage, now) {
+		t.Fatal("expected rate-limited account to force codex snapshot refresh")
+	}
+
+	if shouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(&Account{}, usage, now) {
+		t.Fatal("expected complete non-rate-limited usage to skip codex snapshot refresh")
+	}
+
+	if !shouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(&Account{}, &UsageInfo{FiveHour: nil, SevenDay: &UsageProgress{}}, now) {
+		t.Fatal("expected missing 5h snapshot to require refresh")
+	}
+
+	staleAt := now.Add(-(openAIProbeCacheTTL + time.Minute)).Format(time.RFC3339)
+	if !shouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(&Account{
+		Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"openai_oauth_responses_websockets_v2_enabled": true,
+			"codex_usage_updated_at":                       staleAt,
+		},
+	}, usage, now) {
+		t.Fatal("expected stale ws snapshot to trigger refresh")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractOpenAICodexProbeUpdatesAccepts429WithCodexHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	headers := make(http.Header)
+	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "100")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-reset-after-seconds", "604800")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-window-minutes", "10080")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-used-percent", "100")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-reset-after-seconds", "18000")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-window-minutes", "300")
+
+	updates, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(&http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusTooManyRequests, Header: headers})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(updates) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected codex probe updates from 429 headers")
+	}
+	if got := updates["codex_5h_used_percent"]; got != 100.0 {
+		t.Fatalf("codex_5h_used_percent = %v, want 100", got)
+	}
+	if got := updates["codex_7d_used_percent"]; got != 100.0 {
+		t.Fatalf("codex_7d_used_percent = %v, want 100", got)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/admin_service.go

@@ -1349,6 +1349,10 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) ListAccounts(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	for i := range accounts {
+		syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx, s.accountRepo, &accounts[i], now)
+	}
 	return accounts, result.Total, nil
 }
 
@@ -1484,9 +1488,11 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateAccount(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *U
 		account.Credentials = input.Credentials
 	}
 	if len(input.Extra) > 0 {
-		// 保留 quota_used，防止编辑账号时意外重置配额用量
-		if oldQuotaUsed, ok := account.Extra["quota_used"]; ok {
-			input.Extra["quota_used"] = oldQuotaUsed
+		// 保留配额用量字段，防止编辑账号时意外重置
+		for _, key := range []string{"quota_used", "quota_daily_used", "quota_daily_start", "quota_weekly_used", "quota_weekly_start"} {
+			if v, ok := account.Extra[key]; ok {
+				input.Extra[key] = v
+			}
 		}
 		account.Extra = input.Extra
 	}
@@ -1717,16 +1723,10 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) RefreshAccountCredentials(ctx context.Context, id int
 }
 
 func (s *adminServiceImpl) ClearAccountError(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*Account, error) {
-	account, err := s.accountRepo.GetByID(ctx, id)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := s.accountRepo.ClearError(ctx, id); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	account.Status = StatusActive
-	account.ErrorMessage = ""
-	if err := s.accountRepo.Update(ctx, account); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return account, nil
+	return s.accountRepo.GetByID(ctx, id)
 }
 
 func (s *adminServiceImpl) SetAccountError(ctx context.Context, id int64, errorMsg string) error {

backend/internal/service/antigravity_gateway_service.go

@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		// 优先检测 thinking block 的 signature 相关错误（400）并重试一次：
 		// Antigravity /v1internal 链路在部分场景会对 thought/thinking signature 做严格校验，
 		// 当历史消息携带的 signature 不合法时会直接 400；去除 thinking 后可继续完成请求。
-		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest && isSignatureRelatedError(respBody) {
+		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest && isSignatureRelatedError(respBody) && s.settingService.IsSignatureRectifierEnabled(ctx) {
 			upstreamMsg := strings.TrimSpace(extractAntigravityErrorMessage(respBody))
 			upstreamMsg = sanitizeUpstreamErrorMessage(upstreamMsg)
 			logBody, maxBytes := s.getLogConfig()
@@ -1517,6 +1517,80 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 			}
 		}
 
+		// Budget 整流：检测 budget_tokens 约束错误并自动修正重试
+		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest && respBody != nil && !isSignatureRelatedError(respBody) {
+			errMsg := strings.TrimSpace(extractAntigravityErrorMessage(respBody))
+			if isThinkingBudgetConstraintError(errMsg) && s.settingService.IsBudgetRectifierEnabled(ctx) {
+				appendOpsUpstreamError(c, OpsUpstreamErrorEvent{
+					Platform:           account.Platform,
+					AccountID:          account.ID,
+					AccountName:        account.Name,
+					UpstreamStatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
+					UpstreamRequestID:  resp.Header.Get("x-request-id"),
+					Kind:               "budget_constraint_error",
+					Message:            errMsg,
+					Detail:             s.getUpstreamErrorDetail(respBody),
+				})
+
+				// 修正 claudeReq 的 thinking 参数（adaptive 模式不修正）
+				if claudeReq.Thinking == nil || claudeReq.Thinking.Type != "adaptive" {
+					retryClaudeReq := claudeReq
+					retryClaudeReq.Messages = append([]antigravity.ClaudeMessage(nil), claudeReq.Messages...)
+					// 创建新的 ThinkingConfig 避免修改原始 claudeReq.Thinking 指针
+					retryClaudeReq.Thinking = &antigravity.ThinkingConfig{
+						Type:         "enabled",
+						BudgetTokens: BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens,
+					}
+					if retryClaudeReq.MaxTokens < BudgetRectifyMinMaxTokens {
+						retryClaudeReq.MaxTokens = BudgetRectifyMaxTokens
+					}
+
+					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.antigravity_gateway", "Antigravity account %d: detected budget_tokens constraint error, retrying with rectified budget (budget_tokens=%d, max_tokens=%d)", account.ID, BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens, BudgetRectifyMaxTokens)
+
+					retryGeminiBody, txErr := antigravity.TransformClaudeToGeminiWithOptions(&retryClaudeReq, projectID, mappedModel, transformOpts)
+					if txErr == nil {
+						retryResult, retryErr := s.antigravityRetryLoop(antigravityRetryLoopParams{
+							ctx:             ctx,
+							prefix:          prefix,
+							account:         account,
+							proxyURL:        proxyURL,
+							accessToken:     accessToken,
+							action:          action,
+							body:            retryGeminiBody,
+							c:               c,
+							httpUpstream:    s.httpUpstream,
+							settingService:  s.settingService,
+							accountRepo:     s.accountRepo,
+							handleError:     s.handleUpstreamError,
+							requestedModel:  originalModel,
+							isStickySession: isStickySession,
+							groupID:         0,
+							sessionHash:     "",
+						})
+						if retryErr == nil {
+							retryResp := retryResult.resp
+							if retryResp.StatusCode < 400 {
+								_ = resp.Body.Close()
+								resp = retryResp
+								respBody = nil
+							} else {
+								retryBody, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(retryResp.Body, 2<<20))
+								_ = retryResp.Body.Close()
+								respBody = retryBody
+								resp = &http.Response{
+									StatusCode: retryResp.StatusCode,
+									Header:     retryResp.Header.Clone(),
+									Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(retryBody)),
+								}
+							}
+						} else {
+							logger.LegacyPrintf("service.antigravity_gateway", "Antigravity account %d: budget rectifier retry failed: %v", account.ID, retryErr)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
 		// 处理错误响应（重试后仍失败或不触发重试）
 		if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
 			// 检测 prompt too long 错误，返回特殊错误类型供上层 fallback

backend/internal/service/api_key_rate_limit_test.go

@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ func TestAPIKey_EffectiveUsage(t *testing.T) {
 	now := time.Now()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		key       APIKey
-		want5h    float64
-		want1d    float64
-		want7d    float64
+		name   string
+		key    APIKey
+		want5h float64
+		want1d float64
+		want7d float64
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "all windows active",

backend/internal/service/billing_service.go

@@ -43,16 +43,19 @@ type BillingCache interface {
 
 // ModelPricing 模型价格配置（per-token价格，与LiteLLM格式一致）
 type ModelPricing struct {
-	InputPricePerToken          float64 // 每token输入价格 (USD)
-	OutputPricePerToken         float64 // 每token输出价格 (USD)
-	CacheCreationPricePerToken  float64 // 缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
-	CacheReadPricePerToken      float64 // 缓存读取每token价格 (USD)
-	CacheCreation5mPrice        float64 // 5分钟缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
-	CacheCreation1hPrice        float64 // 1小时缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
-	SupportsCacheBreakdown      bool    // 是否支持详细的缓存分类
-	LongContextInputThreshold   int     // 超过阈值后按整次会话提升输入价格
-	LongContextInputMultiplier  float64 // 长上下文整次会话输入倍率
-	LongContextOutputMultiplier float64 // 长上下文整次会话输出倍率
+	InputPricePerToken             float64 // 每token输入价格 (USD)
+	InputPricePerTokenPriority     float64 // priority service tier 下每token输入价格 (USD)
+	OutputPricePerToken            float64 // 每token输出价格 (USD)
+	OutputPricePerTokenPriority    float64 // priority service tier 下每token输出价格 (USD)
+	CacheCreationPricePerToken     float64 // 缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
+	CacheReadPricePerToken         float64 // 缓存读取每token价格 (USD)
+	CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority float64 // priority service tier 下缓存读取每token价格 (USD)
+	CacheCreation5mPrice           float64 // 5分钟缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
+	CacheCreation1hPrice           float64 // 1小时缓存创建每token价格 (USD)
+	SupportsCacheBreakdown         bool    // 是否支持详细的缓存分类
+	LongContextInputThreshold      int     // 超过阈值后按整次会话提升输入价格
+	LongContextInputMultiplier     float64 // 长上下文整次会话输入倍率
+	LongContextOutputMultiplier    float64 // 长上下文整次会话输出倍率
 }
 
 const (
@@ -61,6 +64,28 @@ const (
 	openAIGPT54LongContextOutputMultiplier = 1.5
 )
 
+func normalizeBillingServiceTier(serviceTier string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(serviceTier))
+}
+
+func usePriorityServiceTierPricing(serviceTier string, pricing *ModelPricing) bool {
+	if pricing == nil || normalizeBillingServiceTier(serviceTier) != "priority" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return pricing.InputPricePerTokenPriority > 0 || pricing.OutputPricePerTokenPriority > 0 || pricing.CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority > 0
+}
+
+func serviceTierCostMultiplier(serviceTier string) float64 {
+	switch normalizeBillingServiceTier(serviceTier) {
+	case "priority":
+		return 2.0
+	case "flex":
+		return 0.5
+	default:
+		return 1.0
+	}
+}
+
 // UsageTokens 使用的token数量
 type UsageTokens struct {
 	InputTokens           int
@@ -173,30 +198,60 @@ func (s *BillingService) initFallbackPricing() {
 
 	// OpenAI GPT-5.1（本地兜底，防止动态定价不可用时拒绝计费）
 	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1"] = &ModelPricing{
-		InputPricePerToken:         1.25e-6, // $1.25 per MTok
-		OutputPricePerToken:        10e-6,   // $10 per MTok
-		CacheCreationPricePerToken: 1.25e-6, // $1.25 per MTok
-		CacheReadPricePerToken:     0.125e-6,
-		SupportsCacheBreakdown:     false,
+		InputPricePerToken:             1.25e-6, // $1.25 per MTok
+		InputPricePerTokenPriority:     2.5e-6,  // $2.5 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerToken:            10e-6,   // $10 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerTokenPriority:    20e-6,   // $20 per MTok
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken:     1.25e-6, // $1.25 per MTok
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:         0.125e-6,
+		CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority: 0.25e-6,
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:         false,
 	}
 	// OpenAI GPT-5.4（业务指定价格）
 	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.4"] = &ModelPricing{
-		InputPricePerToken:          2.5e-6,  // $2.5 per MTok
-		OutputPricePerToken:         15e-6,   // $15 per MTok
-		CacheCreationPricePerToken:  2.5e-6,  // $2.5 per MTok
-		CacheReadPricePerToken:      0.25e-6, // $0.25 per MTok
-		SupportsCacheBreakdown:      false,
-		LongContextInputThreshold:   openAIGPT54LongContextInputThreshold,
-		LongContextInputMultiplier:  openAIGPT54LongContextInputMultiplier,
-		LongContextOutputMultiplier: openAIGPT54LongContextOutputMultiplier,
+		InputPricePerToken:             2.5e-6,  // $2.5 per MTok
+		InputPricePerTokenPriority:     5e-6,    // $5 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerToken:            15e-6,   // $15 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerTokenPriority:    30e-6,   // $30 per MTok
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken:     2.5e-6,  // $2.5 per MTok
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:         0.25e-6, // $0.25 per MTok
+		CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority: 0.5e-6,  // $0.5 per MTok
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:         false,
+		LongContextInputThreshold:      openAIGPT54LongContextInputThreshold,
+		LongContextInputMultiplier:     openAIGPT54LongContextInputMultiplier,
+		LongContextOutputMultiplier:    openAIGPT54LongContextOutputMultiplier,
+	}
+	// OpenAI GPT-5.2（本地兜底）
+	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.2"] = &ModelPricing{
+		InputPricePerToken:             1.75e-6,
+		InputPricePerTokenPriority:     3.5e-6,
+		OutputPricePerToken:            14e-6,
+		OutputPricePerTokenPriority:    28e-6,
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken:     1.75e-6,
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:         0.175e-6,
+		CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority: 0.35e-6,
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:         false,
 	}
 	// Codex 族兜底统一按 GPT-5.1 Codex 价格计费
 	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1-codex"] = &ModelPricing{
-		InputPricePerToken:         1.5e-6, // $1.5 per MTok
-		OutputPricePerToken:        12e-6,  // $12 per MTok
-		CacheCreationPricePerToken: 1.5e-6, // $1.5 per MTok
-		CacheReadPricePerToken:     0.15e-6,
-		SupportsCacheBreakdown:     false,
+		InputPricePerToken:             1.5e-6, // $1.5 per MTok
+		InputPricePerTokenPriority:     3e-6,   // $3 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerToken:            12e-6,  // $12 per MTok
+		OutputPricePerTokenPriority:    24e-6,  // $24 per MTok
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken:     1.5e-6, // $1.5 per MTok
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:         0.15e-6,
+		CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority: 0.3e-6,
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:         false,
+	}
+	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.2-codex"] = &ModelPricing{
+		InputPricePerToken:             1.75e-6,
+		InputPricePerTokenPriority:     3.5e-6,
+		OutputPricePerToken:            14e-6,
+		OutputPricePerTokenPriority:    28e-6,
+		CacheCreationPricePerToken:     1.75e-6,
+		CacheReadPricePerToken:         0.175e-6,
+		CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority: 0.35e-6,
+		SupportsCacheBreakdown:         false,
 	}
 	s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.3-codex"] = s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.1-codex"]
 }
@@ -241,6 +296,10 @@ func (s *BillingService) getFallbackPricing(model string) *ModelPricing {
 		switch normalized {
 		case "gpt-5.4":
 			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.4"]
+		case "gpt-5.2":
+			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.2"]
+		case "gpt-5.2-codex":
+			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.2-codex"]
 		case "gpt-5.3-codex":
 			return s.fallbackPrices["gpt-5.3-codex"]
 		case "gpt-5.1-codex", "gpt-5.1-codex-max", "gpt-5.1-codex-mini", "codex-mini-latest":
@@ -269,16 +328,19 @@ func (s *BillingService) GetModelPricing(model string) (*ModelPricing, error) {
 			price1h := litellmPricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCostAbove1hr
 			enableBreakdown := price1h > 0 && price1h > price5m
 			return s.applyModelSpecificPricingPolicy(model, &ModelPricing{
-				InputPricePerToken:          litellmPricing.InputCostPerToken,
-				OutputPricePerToken:         litellmPricing.OutputCostPerToken,
-				CacheCreationPricePerToken:  litellmPricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCost,
-				CacheReadPricePerToken:      litellmPricing.CacheReadInputTokenCost,
-				CacheCreation5mPrice:        price5m,
-				CacheCreation1hPrice:        price1h,
-				SupportsCacheBreakdown:      enableBreakdown,
-				LongContextInputThreshold:   litellmPricing.LongContextInputTokenThreshold,
-				LongContextInputMultiplier:  litellmPricing.LongContextInputCostMultiplier,
-				LongContextOutputMultiplier: litellmPricing.LongContextOutputCostMultiplier,
+				InputPricePerToken:             litellmPricing.InputCostPerToken,
+				InputPricePerTokenPriority:     litellmPricing.InputCostPerTokenPriority,
+				OutputPricePerToken:            litellmPricing.OutputCostPerToken,
+				OutputPricePerTokenPriority:    litellmPricing.OutputCostPerTokenPriority,
+				CacheCreationPricePerToken:     litellmPricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCost,
+				CacheReadPricePerToken:         litellmPricing.CacheReadInputTokenCost,
+				CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority: litellmPricing.CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority,
+				CacheCreation5mPrice:           price5m,
+				CacheCreation1hPrice:           price1h,
+				SupportsCacheBreakdown:         enableBreakdown,
+				LongContextInputThreshold:      litellmPricing.LongContextInputTokenThreshold,
+				LongContextInputMultiplier:     litellmPricing.LongContextInputCostMultiplier,
+				LongContextOutputMultiplier:    litellmPricing.LongContextOutputCostMultiplier,
 			}), nil
 		}
 	}
@@ -295,6 +357,10 @@ func (s *BillingService) GetModelPricing(model string) (*ModelPricing, error) {
 
 // CalculateCost 计算使用费用
 func (s *BillingService) CalculateCost(model string, tokens UsageTokens, rateMultiplier float64) (*CostBreakdown, error) {
+	return s.CalculateCostWithServiceTier(model, tokens, rateMultiplier, "")
+}
+
+func (s *BillingService) CalculateCostWithServiceTier(model string, tokens UsageTokens, rateMultiplier float64, serviceTier string) (*CostBreakdown, error) {
 	pricing, err := s.GetModelPricing(model)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -303,6 +369,21 @@ func (s *BillingService) CalculateCost(model string, tokens UsageTokens, rateMul
 	breakdown := &CostBreakdown{}
 	inputPricePerToken := pricing.InputPricePerToken
 	outputPricePerToken := pricing.OutputPricePerToken
+	cacheReadPricePerToken := pricing.CacheReadPricePerToken
+	tierMultiplier := 1.0
+	if usePriorityServiceTierPricing(serviceTier, pricing) {
+		if pricing.InputPricePerTokenPriority > 0 {
+			inputPricePerToken = pricing.InputPricePerTokenPriority
+		}
+		if pricing.OutputPricePerTokenPriority > 0 {
+			outputPricePerToken = pricing.OutputPricePerTokenPriority
+		}
+		if pricing.CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority > 0 {
+			cacheReadPricePerToken = pricing.CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority
+		}
+	} else {
+		tierMultiplier = serviceTierCostMultiplier(serviceTier)
+	}
 	if s.shouldApplySessionLongContextPricing(tokens, pricing) {
 		inputPricePerToken *= pricing.LongContextInputMultiplier
 		outputPricePerToken *= pricing.LongContextOutputMultiplier
@@ -329,7 +410,14 @@ func (s *BillingService) CalculateCost(model string, tokens UsageTokens, rateMul
 		breakdown.CacheCreationCost = float64(tokens.CacheCreationTokens) * pricing.CacheCreationPricePerToken
 	}
 
-	breakdown.CacheReadCost = float64(tokens.CacheReadTokens) * pricing.CacheReadPricePerToken
+	breakdown.CacheReadCost = float64(tokens.CacheReadTokens) * cacheReadPricePerToken
+
+	if tierMultiplier != 1.0 {
+		breakdown.InputCost *= tierMultiplier
+		breakdown.OutputCost *= tierMultiplier
+		breakdown.CacheCreationCost *= tierMultiplier
+		breakdown.CacheReadCost *= tierMultiplier
+	}
 
 	// 计算总费用
 	breakdown.TotalCost = breakdown.InputCost + breakdown.OutputCost +

backend/internal/service/billing_service_test.go

@@ -522,3 +522,189 @@ func TestCalculateCost_LargeTokenCount(t *testing.T) {
 	require.False(t, math.IsNaN(cost.TotalCost))
 	require.False(t, math.IsInf(cost.TotalCost, 0))
 }
+
+func TestServiceTierCostMultiplier(t *testing.T) {
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.0, serviceTierCostMultiplier("priority"), 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.0, serviceTierCostMultiplier(" Priority "), 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.5, serviceTierCostMultiplier("flex"), 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.0, serviceTierCostMultiplier(""), 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.0, serviceTierCostMultiplier("default"), 1e-12)
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCostWithServiceTier_OpenAIPriorityUsesPriorityPricing(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+	tokens := UsageTokens{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50, CacheReadTokens: 20}
+
+	baseCost, err := svc.CalculateCost("gpt-5.1-codex", tokens, 1.0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	priorityCost, err := svc.CalculateCostWithServiceTier("gpt-5.1-codex", tokens, 1.0, "priority")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.InputCost*2, priorityCost.InputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.OutputCost*2, priorityCost.OutputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.CacheReadCost*2, priorityCost.CacheReadCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.TotalCost*2, priorityCost.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCostWithServiceTier_FlexAppliesHalfMultiplier(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+	tokens := UsageTokens{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50, CacheCreationTokens: 40, CacheReadTokens: 20}
+
+	baseCost, err := svc.CalculateCost("gpt-5.4", tokens, 1.0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	flexCost, err := svc.CalculateCostWithServiceTier("gpt-5.4", tokens, 1.0, "flex")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.InputCost*0.5, flexCost.InputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.OutputCost*0.5, flexCost.OutputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.CacheCreationCost*0.5, flexCost.CacheCreationCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.CacheReadCost*0.5, flexCost.CacheReadCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.TotalCost*0.5, flexCost.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCostWithServiceTier_PriorityFallsBackToTierMultiplierWithoutExplicitPriorityPrice(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+	tokens := UsageTokens{InputTokens: 120, OutputTokens: 30, CacheCreationTokens: 12, CacheReadTokens: 8}
+
+	baseCost, err := svc.CalculateCost("claude-sonnet-4", tokens, 1.0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	priorityCost, err := svc.CalculateCostWithServiceTier("claude-sonnet-4", tokens, 1.0, "priority")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.InputCost*2, priorityCost.InputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.OutputCost*2, priorityCost.OutputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.CacheCreationCost*2, priorityCost.CacheCreationCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.CacheReadCost*2, priorityCost.CacheReadCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.TotalCost*2, priorityCost.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+}
+
+func TestBillingServiceGetModelPricing_UsesDynamicPriorityFields(t *testing.T) {
+	pricingSvc := &PricingService{
+		pricingData: map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing{
+			"gpt-5.4": {
+				InputCostPerToken:               2.5e-6,
+				InputCostPerTokenPriority:       5e-6,
+				OutputCostPerToken:              15e-6,
+				OutputCostPerTokenPriority:      30e-6,
+				CacheCreationInputTokenCost:     2.5e-6,
+				CacheReadInputTokenCost:         0.25e-6,
+				CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority: 0.5e-6,
+				LongContextInputTokenThreshold:  272000,
+				LongContextInputCostMultiplier:  2.0,
+				LongContextOutputCostMultiplier: 1.5,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	svc := NewBillingService(&config.Config{}, pricingSvc)
+
+	pricing, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.4")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.5e-6, pricing.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 5e-6, pricing.InputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 15e-6, pricing.OutputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 30e-6, pricing.OutputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.25e-6, pricing.CacheReadPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.5e-6, pricing.CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.Equal(t, 272000, pricing.LongContextInputThreshold)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.0, pricing.LongContextInputMultiplier, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.5, pricing.LongContextOutputMultiplier, 1e-12)
+}
+
+func TestBillingServiceGetModelPricing_OpenAIFallbackGpt52Variants(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+
+	gpt52, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, gpt52)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.75e-6, gpt52.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 3.5e-6, gpt52.InputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+
+	gpt52Codex, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.2-codex")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, gpt52Codex)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.75e-6, gpt52Codex.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 3.5e-6, gpt52Codex.InputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 28e-6, gpt52Codex.OutputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCostWithServiceTier_PriorityFallsBackToTierMultiplierWhenExplicitPriceMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := NewBillingService(&config.Config{}, &PricingService{
+		pricingData: map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing{
+			"custom-no-priority": {
+				InputCostPerToken:           1e-6,
+				OutputCostPerToken:          2e-6,
+				CacheCreationInputTokenCost: 0.5e-6,
+				CacheReadInputTokenCost:     0.25e-6,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	tokens := UsageTokens{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50, CacheCreationTokens: 40, CacheReadTokens: 20}
+
+	baseCost, err := svc.CalculateCost("custom-no-priority", tokens, 1.0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	priorityCost, err := svc.CalculateCostWithServiceTier("custom-no-priority", tokens, 1.0, "priority")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.InputCost*2, priorityCost.InputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.OutputCost*2, priorityCost.OutputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.CacheCreationCost*2, priorityCost.CacheCreationCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.CacheReadCost*2, priorityCost.CacheReadCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.TotalCost*2, priorityCost.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+}
+
+func TestGetModelPricing_OpenAIGpt52FallbacksExposePriorityPrices(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newTestBillingService()
+
+	gpt52, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.75e-6, gpt52.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 3.5e-6, gpt52.InputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 14e-6, gpt52.OutputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 28e-6, gpt52.OutputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+
+	gpt52Codex, err := svc.GetModelPricing("gpt-5.2-codex")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.75e-6, gpt52Codex.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 3.5e-6, gpt52Codex.InputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 14e-6, gpt52Codex.OutputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 28e-6, gpt52Codex.OutputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+}
+
+func TestGetModelPricing_MapsDynamicPriorityFieldsIntoBillingPricing(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := NewBillingService(&config.Config{}, &PricingService{
+		pricingData: map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing{
+			"dynamic-tier-model": {
+				InputCostPerToken:                   1e-6,
+				InputCostPerTokenPriority:           2e-6,
+				OutputCostPerToken:                  3e-6,
+				OutputCostPerTokenPriority:          6e-6,
+				CacheCreationInputTokenCost:         4e-6,
+				CacheCreationInputTokenCostAbove1hr: 5e-6,
+				CacheReadInputTokenCost:             7e-7,
+				CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority:     8e-7,
+				LongContextInputTokenThreshold:      999,
+				LongContextInputCostMultiplier:      1.5,
+				LongContextOutputCostMultiplier:     1.25,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	pricing, err := svc.GetModelPricing("dynamic-tier-model")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1e-6, pricing.InputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2e-6, pricing.InputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 3e-6, pricing.OutputPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 6e-6, pricing.OutputPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 4e-6, pricing.CacheCreation5mPrice, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 5e-6, pricing.CacheCreation1hPrice, 1e-12)
+	require.True(t, pricing.SupportsCacheBreakdown)
+	require.InDelta(t, 7e-7, pricing.CacheReadPricePerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 8e-7, pricing.CacheReadPricePerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.Equal(t, 999, pricing.LongContextInputThreshold)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.5, pricing.LongContextInputMultiplier, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 1.25, pricing.LongContextOutputMultiplier, 1e-12)
+}

backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go

@@ -175,6 +175,13 @@ const (
 	// SettingKeyStreamTimeoutSettings stores JSON config for stream timeout handling.
 	SettingKeyStreamTimeoutSettings = "stream_timeout_settings"
 
+	// =========================
+	// Request Rectifier (请求整流器)
+	// =========================
+
+	// SettingKeyRectifierSettings stores JSON config for rectifier settings (thinking signature + budget).
+	SettingKeyRectifierSettings = "rectifier_settings"
+
 	// =========================
 	// Sora S3 存储配置
 	// =========================

backend/internal/service/error_policy_test.go

@@ -177,6 +177,36 @@ func TestCheckErrorPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 			body:       []byte(`overloaded`),
 			expected:   ErrorPolicyMatched, // custom codes take precedence
 		},
+		{
+			name: "pool_mode_custom_error_codes_hit_returns_matched",
+			account: &Account{
+				ID:       7,
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode":                  true,
+					"custom_error_codes_enabled": true,
+					"custom_error_codes":         []any{float64(401), float64(403)},
+				},
+			},
+			statusCode: 401,
+			body:       []byte(`unauthorized`),
+			expected:   ErrorPolicyMatched,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "pool_mode_without_custom_error_codes_returns_skipped",
+			account: &Account{
+				ID:       8,
+				Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+				Credentials: map[string]any{
+					"pool_mode": true,
+				},
+			},
+			statusCode: 401,
+			body:       []byte(`unauthorized`),
+			expected:   ErrorPolicySkipped,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -190,6 +220,48 @@ func TestCheckErrorPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHandleUpstreamError_PoolModeCustomErrorCodesOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("pool_mode_without_custom_error_codes_still_skips", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &errorPolicyRepoStub{}
+		svc := NewRateLimitService(repo, nil, &config.Config{}, nil, nil)
+		account := &Account{
+			ID:       30,
+			Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+			Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"pool_mode": true,
+			},
+		}
+
+		shouldDisable := svc.HandleUpstreamError(context.Background(), account, 401, http.Header{}, []byte("unauthorized"))
+
+		require.False(t, shouldDisable)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, repo.setErrCalls)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, repo.tempCalls)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("pool_mode_with_custom_error_codes_uses_local_error_policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		repo := &errorPolicyRepoStub{}
+		svc := NewRateLimitService(repo, nil, &config.Config{}, nil, nil)
+		account := &Account{
+			ID:       31,
+			Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+			Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+			Credentials: map[string]any{
+				"pool_mode":                  true,
+				"custom_error_codes_enabled": true,
+				"custom_error_codes":         []any{float64(401)},
+			},
+		}
+
+		shouldDisable := svc.HandleUpstreamError(context.Background(), account, 401, http.Header{}, []byte("unauthorized"))
+
+		require.True(t, shouldDisable)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, repo.setErrCalls)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, repo.tempCalls)
+	})
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // TestApplyErrorPolicy — 4 table-driven cases for the wrapper method
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

backend/internal/service/gateway_beta_test.go

@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ func TestStripBetaTokens(t *testing.T) {
 			want:   "oauth-2025-04-20,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14",
 		},
 		{
-			name:   "DroppedBetas removes both context-1m and fast-mode",
+			name:   "DroppedBetas removes fast-mode only",
 			header: "oauth-2025-04-20,context-1m-2025-08-07,fast-mode-2026-02-01,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14",
 			tokens: claude.DroppedBetas,
-			want:   "oauth-2025-04-20,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14",
+			want:   "oauth-2025-04-20,context-1m-2025-08-07,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14",
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -117,21 +117,21 @@ func TestMergeAnthropicBetaDropping_DroppedBetas(t *testing.T) {
 	drop := droppedBetaSet()
 
 	got := mergeAnthropicBetaDropping(required, incoming, drop)
-	require.Equal(t, "oauth-2025-04-20,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14,foo-beta", got)
-	require.NotContains(t, got, "context-1m-2025-08-07")
+	require.Equal(t, "oauth-2025-04-20,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14,context-1m-2025-08-07,foo-beta", got)
+	require.Contains(t, got, "context-1m-2025-08-07")
 	require.NotContains(t, got, "fast-mode-2026-02-01")
 }
 
 func TestDroppedBetaSet(t *testing.T) {
 	// Base set contains DroppedBetas
 	base := droppedBetaSet()
-	require.Contains(t, base, claude.BetaContext1M)
+	require.NotContains(t, base, claude.BetaContext1M)
 	require.Contains(t, base, claude.BetaFastMode)
 	require.Len(t, base, len(claude.DroppedBetas))
 
 	// With extra tokens
 	extended := droppedBetaSet(claude.BetaClaudeCode)
-	require.Contains(t, extended, claude.BetaContext1M)
+	require.NotContains(t, extended, claude.BetaContext1M)
 	require.Contains(t, extended, claude.BetaFastMode)
 	require.Contains(t, extended, claude.BetaClaudeCode)
 	require.Len(t, extended, len(claude.DroppedBetas)+1)
@@ -148,6 +148,32 @@ func TestBuildBetaTokenSet(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Empty(t, empty)
 }
 
+func TestContainsBetaToken(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		header string
+		token  string
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{"present in middle", "oauth-2025-04-20,fast-mode-2026-02-01,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", true},
+		{"present at start", "fast-mode-2026-02-01,oauth-2025-04-20", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", true},
+		{"present at end", "oauth-2025-04-20,fast-mode-2026-02-01", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", true},
+		{"only token", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", true},
+		{"not present", "oauth-2025-04-20,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", false},
+		{"with spaces", "oauth-2025-04-20, fast-mode-2026-02-01 , interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", true},
+		{"empty header", "", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", false},
+		{"empty token", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", "", false},
+		{"partial match", "fast-mode-2026-02-01-extra", "fast-mode-2026-02-01", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := containsBetaToken(tt.header, tt.token)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStripBetaTokensWithSet_EmptyDropSet(t *testing.T) {
 	header := "oauth-2025-04-20,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14"
 	got := stripBetaTokensWithSet(header, map[string]struct{}{})

backend/internal/service/gateway_request.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"strings"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/domain"
@@ -258,6 +259,7 @@ func FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(body []byte) []byte {
 	if !hasEmptyContent && !containsThinkingBlocks {
 		if topThinking := gjson.Get(jsonStr, "thinking"); topThinking.Exists() {
 			if out, err := sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "thinking"); err == nil {
+				out = removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(out)
 				return out
 			}
 			return body
@@ -395,6 +397,10 @@ func FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(body []byte) []byte {
 		} else {
 			return body
 		}
+		// Removing "thinking" makes any context_management strategy that requires it invalid
+		// (e.g. clear_thinking_20251015).  Strip those entries so the retry request does not
+		// receive a 400 "strategy requires thinking to be enabled or adaptive".
+		out = removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(out)
 	}
 	if modified {
 		msgsBytes, err := json.Marshal(messages)
@@ -409,6 +415,49 @@ func FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(body []byte) []byte {
 	return out
 }
 
+// removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies 从 context_management.edits 中移除
+// 需要 thinking 启用的策略（如 clear_thinking_20251015）。
+// 当顶层 "thinking" 字段被禁用时必须调用，否则上游会返回
+// "strategy requires thinking to be enabled or adaptive"。
+func removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(body []byte) []byte {
+	jsonStr := *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&body))
+	editsRes := gjson.Get(jsonStr, "context_management.edits")
+	if !editsRes.Exists() || !editsRes.IsArray() {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	var filtered []json.RawMessage
+	hasRemoved := false
+	editsRes.ForEach(func(_, v gjson.Result) bool {
+		if v.Get("type").String() == "clear_thinking_20251015" {
+			hasRemoved = true
+			return true
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, json.RawMessage(v.Raw))
+		return true
+	})
+
+	if !hasRemoved {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	if len(filtered) == 0 {
+		if b, err := sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "context_management.edits"); err == nil {
+			return b
+		}
+		return body
+	}
+
+	filteredBytes, err := json.Marshal(filtered)
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+	if b, err := sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "context_management.edits", filteredBytes); err == nil {
+		return b
+	}
+	return body
+}
+
 // FilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry is a stronger retry filter for cases where upstream errors indicate
 // signature/thought_signature validation issues involving tool blocks.
 //
@@ -444,6 +493,28 @@ func FilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry(body []byte) []byte {
 	if _, exists := req["thinking"]; exists {
 		delete(req, "thinking")
 		modified = true
+		// Remove context_management strategies that require thinking to be enabled
+		// (e.g. clear_thinking_20251015), otherwise upstream returns 400.
+		if cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any); ok {
+			if edits, ok := cm["edits"].([]any); ok {
+				filtered := make([]any, 0, len(edits))
+				for _, edit := range edits {
+					if editMap, ok := edit.(map[string]any); ok {
+						if editMap["type"] == "clear_thinking_20251015" {
+							continue
+						}
+					}
+					filtered = append(filtered, edit)
+				}
+				if len(filtered) != len(edits) {
+					if len(filtered) == 0 {
+						delete(cm, "edits")
+					} else {
+						cm["edits"] = filtered
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	messages, ok := req["messages"].([]any)
@@ -675,3 +746,90 @@ func filterThinkingBlocksInternal(body []byte, _ bool) []byte {
 	}
 	return newBody
 }
+
+// =========================
+// Thinking Budget Rectifier
+// =========================
+
+const (
+	// BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens is the budget_tokens value to set when rectifying.
+	BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens = 32000
+	// BudgetRectifyMaxTokens is the max_tokens value to set when rectifying.
+	BudgetRectifyMaxTokens = 64000
+	// BudgetRectifyMinMaxTokens is the minimum max_tokens that must exceed budget_tokens.
+	BudgetRectifyMinMaxTokens = 32001
+)
+
+// isThinkingBudgetConstraintError detects whether an upstream error message indicates
+// a budget_tokens constraint violation (e.g. "budget_tokens >= 1024").
+// Matches three conditions (all must be true):
+//  1. Contains "budget_tokens" or "budget tokens"
+//  2. Contains "thinking"
+//  3. Contains ">= 1024" or "greater than or equal to 1024" or ("1024" + "input should be")
+func isThinkingBudgetConstraintError(errMsg string) bool {
+	m := strings.ToLower(errMsg)
+
+	// Condition 1: budget_tokens or budget tokens
+	hasBudget := strings.Contains(m, "budget_tokens") || strings.Contains(m, "budget tokens")
+	if !hasBudget {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Condition 2: thinking
+	if !strings.Contains(m, "thinking") {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Condition 3: constraint indicator
+	if strings.Contains(m, ">= 1024") || strings.Contains(m, "greater than or equal to 1024") {
+		return true
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(m, "1024") && strings.Contains(m, "input should be") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// RectifyThinkingBudget modifies the request body to fix budget_tokens constraint errors.
+// It sets thinking.budget_tokens = 32000, thinking.type = "enabled" (unless adaptive),
+// and ensures max_tokens >= 32001.
+// Returns (modified body, true) if changes were applied, or (original body, false) if not.
+func RectifyThinkingBudget(body []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
+	// If thinking type is "adaptive", skip rectification entirely
+	thinkingType := gjson.GetBytes(body, "thinking.type").String()
+	if thinkingType == "adaptive" {
+		return body, false
+	}
+
+	modified := body
+	changed := false
+
+	// Set thinking.type = "enabled"
+	if thinkingType != "enabled" {
+		if result, err := sjson.SetBytes(modified, "thinking.type", "enabled"); err == nil {
+			modified = result
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set thinking.budget_tokens = 32000
+	currentBudget := gjson.GetBytes(modified, "thinking.budget_tokens").Int()
+	if currentBudget != BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens {
+		if result, err := sjson.SetBytes(modified, "thinking.budget_tokens", BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens); err == nil {
+			modified = result
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Ensure max_tokens >= BudgetRectifyMinMaxTokens
+	maxTokens := gjson.GetBytes(modified, "max_tokens").Int()
+	if maxTokens < int64(BudgetRectifyMinMaxTokens) {
+		if result, err := sjson.SetBytes(modified, "max_tokens", BudgetRectifyMaxTokens); err == nil {
+			modified = result
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return modified, changed
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_request_test.go

@@ -439,6 +439,210 @@ func TestFilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry_DowngradesTools(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Contains(t, content1["text"], "tool_result")
 }
 
+// ============ Group 6b: context_management.edits 清理测试 ============
+
+// removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies — 边界用例
+
+func TestRemoveThinkingDependentContextStrategies_NoContextManagement(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"thinking":{"type":"enabled"},"messages":[]}`)
+	out := removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(input)
+	require.Equal(t, input, out, "无 context_management 字段时应原样返回")
+}
+
+func TestRemoveThinkingDependentContextStrategies_EmptyEdits(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"context_management":{"edits":[]},"messages":[]}`)
+	out := removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(input)
+	require.Equal(t, input, out, "edits 为空数组时应原样返回")
+}
+
+func TestRemoveThinkingDependentContextStrategies_NoClearThinkingEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"other_strategy"}]},"messages":[]}`)
+	out := removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(input)
+	require.Equal(t, input, out, "edits 中无 clear_thinking_20251015 时应原样返回")
+}
+
+func TestRemoveThinkingDependentContextStrategies_RemovesSingleEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015"}]},"messages":[]}`)
+	out := removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+	cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	_, hasEdits := cm["edits"]
+	require.False(t, hasEdits, "所有 edits 均为 clear_thinking_20251015 时应删除 edits 键")
+}
+
+func TestRemoveThinkingDependentContextStrategies_MixedEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015"},{"type":"other_strategy","param":1}]},"messages":[]}`)
+	out := removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+	cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	edits, ok := cm["edits"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Len(t, edits, 1, "仅移除 clear_thinking_20251015，保留其他条目")
+	edit0, ok := edits[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, "other_strategy", edit0["type"])
+}
+
+// FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry — 包含 context_management 的场景
+
+func TestFilterThinkingBlocksForRetry_RemovesClearThinkingStrategy_FastPath(t *testing.T) {
+	// 快速路径：messages 中无 thinking 块，仅有顶层 thinking 字段
+	// 这条路径曾因提前 return 跳过 removeThinkingDependentContextStrategies 而存在 bug
+	input := []byte(`{
+		"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":1024},
+		"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015"}]},
+		"messages":[
+			{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello"}]}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	out := FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+	_, hasThinking := req["thinking"]
+	require.False(t, hasThinking, "顶层 thinking 应被移除")
+
+	cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	_, hasEdits := cm["edits"]
+	require.False(t, hasEdits, "fast path 下 clear_thinking_20251015 应被移除，edits 键应被删除")
+}
+
+func TestFilterThinkingBlocksForRetry_RemovesClearThinkingStrategy_WithThinkingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	// 完整路径：messages 中有 thinking 块（非 fast path）
+	input := []byte(`{
+		"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":1024},
+		"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015"},{"type":"keep_this"}]},
+		"messages":[
+			{"role":"assistant","content":[
+				{"type":"thinking","thinking":"some thought","signature":"sig"},
+				{"type":"text","text":"Answer"}
+			]}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	out := FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+	_, hasThinking := req["thinking"]
+	require.False(t, hasThinking, "顶层 thinking 应被移除")
+
+	cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	edits, ok := cm["edits"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Len(t, edits, 1, "仅移除 clear_thinking_20251015，保留 keep_this")
+	edit0, ok := edits[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, "keep_this", edit0["type"])
+}
+
+func TestFilterThinkingBlocksForRetry_NoContextManagement_Unaffected(t *testing.T) {
+	// 无 context_management 时不应报错，且 thinking 正常被移除
+	input := []byte(`{
+		"thinking":{"type":"enabled"},
+		"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hi"}]}]
+	}`)
+
+	out := FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+	_, hasThinking := req["thinking"]
+	require.False(t, hasThinking)
+	_, hasCM := req["context_management"]
+	require.False(t, hasCM)
+}
+
+// FilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry — 包含 context_management 的场景
+
+func TestFilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry_RemovesClearThinkingStrategy(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{
+		"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":1024},
+		"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015"}]},
+		"messages":[
+			{"role":"assistant","content":[
+				{"type":"thinking","thinking":"thought","signature":"sig"}
+			]}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	out := FilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+	_, hasThinking := req["thinking"]
+	require.False(t, hasThinking, "顶层 thinking 应被移除")
+
+	cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	if rawEdits, hasEdits := cm["edits"]; hasEdits {
+		edits, ok := rawEdits.([]any)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		for _, e := range edits {
+			em, ok := e.(map[string]any)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			require.NotEqual(t, "clear_thinking_20251015", em["type"], "clear_thinking_20251015 应被移除")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry_PreservesNonThinkingStrategies(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{
+		"thinking":{"type":"enabled"},
+		"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015"},{"type":"other_edit"}]},
+		"messages":[
+			{"role":"assistant","content":[
+				{"type":"thinking","thinking":"t","signature":"s"}
+			]}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	out := FilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+
+	cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	edits, ok := cm["edits"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Len(t, edits, 1, "仅移除 clear_thinking_20251015，保留 other_edit")
+	edit0, ok := edits[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, "other_edit", edit0["type"])
+}
+
+func TestFilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry_NoThinkingField_ContextManagementUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	// 没有顶层 thinking 字段时，context_management 不应被修改
+	input := []byte(`{
+		"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015"}]},
+		"messages":[
+			{"role":"assistant","content":[
+				{"type":"thinking","thinking":"t","signature":"s"}
+			]}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	out := FilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry(input)
+
+	var req map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &req))
+	cm, ok := req["context_management"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	edits, ok := cm["edits"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Len(t, edits, 1, "无顶层 thinking 时 context_management 不应被修改")
+}
+
 // ============ Group 7: ParseGatewayRequest 补充单元测试 ============
 
 // Task 7.1 — 类型校验边界测试

backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const (
 	claudeAPIURL            = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true"
 	claudeAPICountTokensURL = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages/count_tokens?beta=true"
 	stickySessionTTL        = time.Hour // 粘性会话TTL
-	defaultMaxLineSize      = 40 * 1024 * 1024
+	defaultMaxLineSize      = 500 * 1024 * 1024
 	// Canonical Claude Code banner. Keep it EXACT (no trailing whitespace/newlines)
 	// to match real Claude CLI traffic as closely as possible. When we need a visual
 	// separator between system blocks, we add "\n\n" at concatenation time.
@@ -526,6 +526,7 @@ type GatewayService struct {
 	userGroupRateSF       singleflight.Group
 	modelsListCache       *gocache.Cache
 	modelsListCacheTTL    time.Duration
+	settingService        *SettingService
 	responseHeaderFilter  *responseheaders.CompiledHeaderFilter
 	debugModelRouting     atomic.Bool
 	debugClaudeMimic      atomic.Bool
@@ -553,6 +554,7 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 	sessionLimitCache SessionLimitCache,
 	rpmCache RPMCache,
 	digestStore *DigestSessionStore,
+	settingService *SettingService,
 ) *GatewayService {
 	userGroupRateTTL := resolveUserGroupRateCacheTTL(cfg)
 	modelsListTTL := resolveModelsListCacheTTL(cfg)
@@ -579,6 +581,7 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 		sessionLimitCache:    sessionLimitCache,
 		rpmCache:             rpmCache,
 		userGroupRateCache:   gocache.New(userGroupRateTTL, time.Minute),
+		settingService:       settingService,
 		modelsListCache:      gocache.New(modelsListTTL, time.Minute),
 		modelsListCacheTTL:   modelsListTTL,
 		responseHeaderFilter: compileResponseHeaderFilter(cfg),
@@ -994,6 +997,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) buildOAuthMetadataUserID(parsed *ParsedRequest, account
 	return fmt.Sprintf("user_%s_account__session_%s", userID, sessionID)
 }
 
+// GenerateSessionUUID creates a deterministic UUID4 from a seed string.
+func GenerateSessionUUID(seed string) string {
+	return generateSessionUUID(seed)
+}
+
 func generateSessionUUID(seed string) string {
 	if seed == "" {
 		return uuid.NewString()
@@ -3328,10 +3336,6 @@ func (s *GatewayService) isModelSupportedByAccount(account *Account, requestedMo
 	if account.Platform == PlatformSora {
 		return s.isSoraModelSupportedByAccount(account, requestedModel)
 	}
-	// OpenAI 透传模式：仅替换认证，允许所有模型
-	if account.Platform == PlatformOpenAI && account.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled() {
-		return true
-	}
 	// OAuth/SetupToken 账号使用 Anthropic 标准映射（短ID → 长ID）
 	if account.Platform == PlatformAnthropic && account.Type != AccountTypeAPIKey {
 		requestedModel = claude.NormalizeModelID(requestedModel)
@@ -4069,7 +4073,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 			if readErr == nil {
 				_ = resp.Body.Close()
 
-				if s.isThinkingBlockSignatureError(respBody) {
+				if s.isThinkingBlockSignatureError(respBody) && s.settingService.IsSignatureRectifierEnabled(ctx) {
 					appendOpsUpstreamError(c, OpsUpstreamErrorEvent{
 						Platform:           account.Platform,
 						AccountID:          account.ID,
@@ -4186,7 +4190,45 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 					resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(respBody))
 					break
 				}
-				// 不是thinking签名错误，恢复响应体
+				// 不是签名错误（或整流器已关闭），继续检查 budget 约束
+				errMsg := extractUpstreamErrorMessage(respBody)
+				if isThinkingBudgetConstraintError(errMsg) && s.settingService.IsBudgetRectifierEnabled(ctx) {
+					appendOpsUpstreamError(c, OpsUpstreamErrorEvent{
+						Platform:           account.Platform,
+						AccountID:          account.ID,
+						AccountName:        account.Name,
+						UpstreamStatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
+						UpstreamRequestID:  resp.Header.Get("x-request-id"),
+						Kind:               "budget_constraint_error",
+						Message:            errMsg,
+						Detail: func() string {
+							if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.Gateway.LogUpstreamErrorBody {
+								return truncateString(string(respBody), s.cfg.Gateway.LogUpstreamErrorBodyMaxBytes)
+							}
+							return ""
+						}(),
+					})
+
+					rectifiedBody, applied := RectifyThinkingBudget(body)
+					if applied && time.Since(retryStart) < maxRetryElapsed {
+						logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Account %d: detected budget_tokens constraint error, retrying with rectified budget (budget_tokens=%d, max_tokens=%d)", account.ID, BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens, BudgetRectifyMaxTokens)
+						budgetRetryReq, buildErr := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, rectifiedBody, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+						if buildErr == nil {
+							budgetRetryResp, retryErr := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(budgetRetryReq, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, account.IsTLSFingerprintEnabled())
+							if retryErr == nil {
+								resp = budgetRetryResp
+								break
+							}
+							if budgetRetryResp != nil && budgetRetryResp.Body != nil {
+								_ = budgetRetryResp.Body.Close()
+							}
+							logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Account %d: budget rectifier retry failed: %v", account.ID, retryErr)
+						} else {
+							logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Account %d: budget rectifier retry build failed: %v", account.ID, buildErr)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
 				resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(respBody))
 			}
 		}
@@ -4278,7 +4320,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 					return ""
 				}(),
 			})
-			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode, ResponseBody: respBody}
+			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+				StatusCode:             resp.StatusCode,
+				ResponseBody:           respBody,
+				RetryableOnSameAccount: account.IsPoolMode() && isPoolModeRetryableStatus(resp.StatusCode),
+			}
 		}
 		return s.handleRetryExhaustedError(ctx, resp, c, account)
 	}
@@ -4308,7 +4354,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 				return ""
 			}(),
 		})
-		return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode, ResponseBody: respBody}
+		return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+			StatusCode:             resp.StatusCode,
+			ResponseBody:           respBody,
+			RetryableOnSameAccount: account.IsPoolMode() && isPoolModeRetryableStatus(resp.StatusCode),
+		}
 	}
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
 		// 可选：对部分 400 触发 failover（默认关闭以保持语义）
@@ -4543,7 +4593,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) forwardAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(
 					return ""
 				}(),
 			})
-			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode, ResponseBody: respBody}
+			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+				StatusCode:             resp.StatusCode,
+				ResponseBody:           respBody,
+				RetryableOnSameAccount: account.IsPoolMode() && isPoolModeRetryableStatus(resp.StatusCode),
+			}
 		}
 		return s.handleRetryExhaustedError(ctx, resp, c, account)
 	}
@@ -4573,7 +4627,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) forwardAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(
 				return ""
 			}(),
 		})
-		return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode, ResponseBody: respBody}
+		return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+			StatusCode:             resp.StatusCode,
+			ResponseBody:           respBody,
+			RetryableOnSameAccount: account.IsPoolMode() && isPoolModeRetryableStatus(resp.StatusCode),
+		}
 	}
 
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
@@ -5288,6 +5346,19 @@ func droppedBetaSet(extra ...string) map[string]struct{} {
 	return m
 }
 
+// containsBetaToken checks if a comma-separated header value contains the given token.
+func containsBetaToken(header, token string) bool {
+	if header == "" || token == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, p := range strings.Split(header, ",") {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(p) == token {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func buildBetaTokenSet(tokens []string) map[string]struct{} {
 	m := make(map[string]struct{}, len(tokens))
 	for _, t := range tokens {
@@ -6437,7 +6508,7 @@ func postUsageBilling(ctx context.Context, p *postUsageBillingParams, deps *bill
 	}
 
 	// 4. 账号配额用量（账号口径：TotalCost × 账号计费倍率）
-	if cost.TotalCost > 0 && p.Account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey && p.Account.GetQuotaLimit() > 0 {
+	if cost.TotalCost > 0 && p.Account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey && p.Account.HasAnyQuotaLimit() {
 		accountCost := cost.TotalCost * p.AccountRateMultiplier
 		if err := deps.accountRepo.IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx, p.Account.ID, accountCost); err != nil {
 			slog.Error("increment account quota used failed", "account_id", p.Account.ID, "cost", accountCost, "error", err)
@@ -6928,7 +6999,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) ForwardCountTokens(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 	}
 
 	// 检测 thinking block 签名错误（400）并重试一次（过滤 thinking blocks）
-	if resp.StatusCode == 400 && s.isThinkingBlockSignatureError(respBody) {
+	if resp.StatusCode == 400 && s.isThinkingBlockSignatureError(respBody) && s.settingService.IsSignatureRectifierEnabled(ctx) {
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Account %d: detected thinking block signature error on count_tokens, retrying with filtered thinking blocks", account.ID)
 
 		filteredBody := FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(body)

backend/internal/service/openai_account_scheduler.go

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectBySessionHash(
 		_ = s.service.deleteStickySessionAccountID(ctx, req.GroupID, sessionHash)
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if shouldClearStickySession(account, req.RequestedModel) || !account.IsOpenAI() {
+	if shouldClearStickySession(account, req.RequestedModel) || !account.IsOpenAI() || !account.IsSchedulable() {
 		_ = s.service.deleteStickySessionAccountID(ctx, req.GroupID, sessionHash)
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -687,16 +687,20 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectByLoadBalance(
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(selectionOrder); i++ {
 		candidate := selectionOrder[i]
-		result, acquireErr := s.service.tryAcquireAccountSlot(ctx, candidate.account.ID, candidate.account.Concurrency)
+		fresh := s.service.resolveFreshSchedulableOpenAIAccount(ctx, candidate.account, req.RequestedModel)
+		if fresh == nil || !s.isAccountTransportCompatible(fresh, req.RequiredTransport) {
+			continue
+		}
+		result, acquireErr := s.service.tryAcquireAccountSlot(ctx, fresh.ID, fresh.Concurrency)
 		if acquireErr != nil {
 			return nil, len(candidates), topK, loadSkew, acquireErr
 		}
 		if result != nil && result.Acquired {
 			if req.SessionHash != "" {
-				_ = s.service.BindStickySession(ctx, req.GroupID, req.SessionHash, candidate.account.ID)
+				_ = s.service.BindStickySession(ctx, req.GroupID, req.SessionHash, fresh.ID)
 			}
 			return &AccountSelectionResult{
-				Account:     candidate.account,
+				Account:     fresh,
 				Acquired:    true,
 				ReleaseFunc: result.ReleaseFunc,
 			}, len(candidates), topK, loadSkew, nil
@@ -705,16 +709,23 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectByLoadBalance(
 
 	cfg := s.service.schedulingConfig()
 	// WaitPlan.MaxConcurrency 使用 Concurrency（非 EffectiveLoadFactor），因为 WaitPlan 控制的是 Redis 实际并发槽位等待。
-	candidate := selectionOrder[0]
-	return &AccountSelectionResult{
-		Account: candidate.account,
-		WaitPlan: &AccountWaitPlan{
-			AccountID:      candidate.account.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: candidate.account.Concurrency,
-			Timeout:        cfg.FallbackWaitTimeout,
-			MaxWaiting:     cfg.FallbackMaxWaiting,
-		},
-	}, len(candidates), topK, loadSkew, nil
+	for _, candidate := range selectionOrder {
+		fresh := s.service.resolveFreshSchedulableOpenAIAccount(ctx, candidate.account, req.RequestedModel)
+		if fresh == nil || !s.isAccountTransportCompatible(fresh, req.RequiredTransport) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return &AccountSelectionResult{
+			Account: fresh,
+			WaitPlan: &AccountWaitPlan{
+				AccountID:      fresh.ID,
+				MaxConcurrency: fresh.Concurrency,
+				Timeout:        cfg.FallbackWaitTimeout,
+				MaxWaiting:     cfg.FallbackMaxWaiting,
+			},
+		}, len(candidates), topK, loadSkew, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, len(candidates), topK, loadSkew, errors.New("no available accounts")
 }
 
 func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) isAccountTransportCompatible(account *Account, requiredTransport OpenAIUpstreamTransport) bool {

backend/internal/service/openai_account_scheduler_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,78 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+type openAISnapshotCacheStub struct {
+	SchedulerCache
+	snapshotAccounts []*Account
+	accountsByID     map[int64]*Account
+}
+
+func (s *openAISnapshotCacheStub) GetSnapshot(ctx context.Context, bucket SchedulerBucket) ([]*Account, bool, error) {
+	if len(s.snapshotAccounts) == 0 {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*Account, 0, len(s.snapshotAccounts))
+	for _, account := range s.snapshotAccounts {
+		if account == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		cloned := *account
+		out = append(out, &cloned)
+	}
+	return out, true, nil
+}
+
+func (s *openAISnapshotCacheStub) GetAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) (*Account, error) {
+	if s.accountsByID == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	account := s.accountsByID[accountID]
+	if account == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	cloned := *account
+	return &cloned, nil
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_SelectAccountWithScheduler_SessionStickyRateLimitedAccountFallsBackToFreshCandidate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	groupID := int64(10101)
+	rateLimitedUntil := time.Now().Add(30 * time.Minute)
+	staleSticky := &Account{ID: 31001, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 0}
+	staleBackup := &Account{ID: 31002, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 5}
+	freshSticky := &Account{ID: 31001, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 0, RateLimitResetAt: &rateLimitedUntil}
+	freshBackup := &Account{ID: 31002, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 5}
+	cache := &stubGatewayCache{sessionBindings: map[string]int64{"openai:session_hash_rate_limited": 31001}}
+	snapshotCache := &openAISnapshotCacheStub{snapshotAccounts: []*Account{staleSticky, staleBackup}, accountsByID: map[int64]*Account{31001: freshSticky, 31002: freshBackup}}
+	snapshotService := &SchedulerSnapshotService{cache: snapshotCache}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{accountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{*freshSticky, *freshBackup}}, cache: cache, cfg: &config.Config{}, schedulerSnapshot: snapshotService, concurrencyService: NewConcurrencyService(stubConcurrencyCache{})}
+
+	selection, decision, err := svc.SelectAccountWithScheduler(ctx, &groupID, "", "session_hash_rate_limited", "gpt-5.1", nil, OpenAIUpstreamTransportAny)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, selection)
+	require.NotNil(t, selection.Account)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(31002), selection.Account.ID)
+	require.Equal(t, openAIAccountScheduleLayerLoadBalance, decision.Layer)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_SelectAccountForModelWithExclusions_SkipsFreshlyRateLimitedSnapshotCandidate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	groupID := int64(10102)
+	rateLimitedUntil := time.Now().Add(30 * time.Minute)
+	stalePrimary := &Account{ID: 32001, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 0}
+	staleSecondary := &Account{ID: 32002, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 5}
+	freshPrimary := &Account{ID: 32001, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 0, RateLimitResetAt: &rateLimitedUntil}
+	freshSecondary := &Account{ID: 32002, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth, Status: StatusActive, Schedulable: true, Concurrency: 1, Priority: 5}
+	snapshotCache := &openAISnapshotCacheStub{snapshotAccounts: []*Account{stalePrimary, staleSecondary}, accountsByID: map[int64]*Account{32001: freshPrimary, 32002: freshSecondary}}
+	snapshotService := &SchedulerSnapshotService{cache: snapshotCache}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{accountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{*freshPrimary, *freshSecondary}}, cfg: &config.Config{}, schedulerSnapshot: snapshotService}
+
+	account, err := svc.SelectAccountForModelWithExclusions(ctx, &groupID, "", "gpt-5.1", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, account)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(32002), account.ID)
+}
+
 func TestOpenAIGatewayService_SelectAccountWithScheduler_PreviousResponseSticky(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	groupID := int64(9)

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_messages.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/apicompat"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/claude"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/logger"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/util/responseheaders"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ForwardAsAnthropic(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse anthropic request: %w", err)
 	}
 	originalModel := anthropicReq.Model
-	isStream := anthropicReq.Stream
+	clientStream := anthropicReq.Stream // client's original stream preference
 
 	// 2. Convert Anthropic → Responses
 	responsesReq, err := apicompat.AnthropicToResponses(&anthropicReq)
@@ -46,6 +47,16 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ForwardAsAnthropic(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert anthropic to responses: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Upstream always uses streaming (upstream may not support sync mode).
+	// The client's original preference determines the response format.
+	responsesReq.Stream = true
+	isStream := true
+
+	// 2b. Handle BetaFastMode → service_tier: "priority"
+	if containsBetaToken(c.GetHeader("anthropic-beta"), claude.BetaFastMode) {
+		responsesReq.ServiceTier = "priority"
+	}
+
 	// 3. Model mapping
 	mappedModel := account.GetMappedModel(originalModel)
 	// 分组级降级：账号未映射时使用分组默认映射模型
@@ -72,7 +83,12 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ForwardAsAnthropic(
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(responsesBody, &reqBody); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal for codex transform: %w", err)
 		}
-		applyCodexOAuthTransform(reqBody, false, false)
+		codexResult := applyCodexOAuthTransform(reqBody, false, false)
+		if codexResult.PromptCacheKey != "" {
+			promptCacheKey = codexResult.PromptCacheKey
+		} else if promptCacheKey != "" {
+			reqBody["prompt_cache_key"] = promptCacheKey
+		}
 		// OAuth codex transform forces stream=true upstream, so always use
 		// the streaming response handler regardless of what the client asked.
 		isStream = true
@@ -94,6 +110,12 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ForwardAsAnthropic(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build upstream request: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Override session_id with a deterministic UUID derived from the sticky
+	// session key (buildUpstreamRequest may have set it to the raw value).
+	if promptCacheKey != "" {
+		upstreamReq.Header.Set("session_id", generateSessionUUID(promptCacheKey))
+	}
+
 	// 7. Send request
 	proxyURL := ""
 	if account.Proxy != nil {
@@ -152,12 +174,26 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ForwardAsAnthropic(
 	}
 
 	// 9. Handle normal response
+	// Upstream is always streaming; choose response format based on client preference.
 	var result *OpenAIForwardResult
 	var handleErr error
-	if isStream {
+	if clientStream {
 		result, handleErr = s.handleAnthropicStreamingResponse(resp, c, originalModel, mappedModel, startTime)
 	} else {
-		result, handleErr = s.handleAnthropicNonStreamingResponse(resp, c, originalModel, mappedModel, startTime)
+		// Client wants JSON: buffer the streaming response and assemble a JSON reply.
+		result, handleErr = s.handleAnthropicBufferedStreamingResponse(resp, c, originalModel, mappedModel, startTime)
+	}
+
+	// Propagate ServiceTier and ReasoningEffort to result for billing
+	if handleErr == nil && result != nil {
+		if responsesReq.ServiceTier != "" {
+			st := responsesReq.ServiceTier
+			result.ServiceTier = &st
+		}
+		if responsesReq.Reasoning != nil && responsesReq.Reasoning.Effort != "" {
+			re := responsesReq.Reasoning.Effort
+			result.ReasoningEffort = &re
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Extract and save Codex usage snapshot from response headers (for OAuth accounts)
@@ -227,9 +263,13 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicErrorResponse(
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("upstream error: %d %s", resp.StatusCode, upstreamMsg)
 }
 
-// handleAnthropicNonStreamingResponse reads a Responses API JSON response,
-// converts it to Anthropic Messages format, and writes it to the client.
-func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicNonStreamingResponse(
+// handleAnthropicBufferedStreamingResponse reads all Responses SSE events from
+// the upstream streaming response, finds the terminal event (response.completed
+// / response.incomplete / response.failed), converts the complete response to
+// Anthropic Messages JSON format, and writes it to the client.
+// This is used when the client requested stream=false but the upstream is always
+// streaming.
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicBufferedStreamingResponse(
 	resp *http.Response,
 	c *gin.Context,
 	originalModel string,
@@ -238,29 +278,61 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicNonStreamingResponse(
 ) (*OpenAIForwardResult, error) {
 	requestID := resp.Header.Get("x-request-id")
 
-	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read upstream response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var responsesResp apicompat.ResponsesResponse
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &responsesResp); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse responses response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	anthropicResp := apicompat.ResponsesToAnthropic(&responsesResp, originalModel)
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
+	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), 1024*1024)
 
+	var finalResponse *apicompat.ResponsesResponse
 	var usage OpenAIUsage
-	if responsesResp.Usage != nil {
-		usage = OpenAIUsage{
-			InputTokens:  responsesResp.Usage.InputTokens,
-			OutputTokens: responsesResp.Usage.OutputTokens,
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") || line == "data: [DONE]" {
+			continue
 		}
-		if responsesResp.Usage.InputTokensDetails != nil {
-			usage.CacheReadInputTokens = responsesResp.Usage.InputTokensDetails.CachedTokens
+		payload := line[6:]
+
+		var event apicompat.ResponsesStreamEvent
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(payload), &event); err != nil {
+			logger.L().Warn("openai messages buffered: failed to parse event",
+				zap.Error(err),
+				zap.String("request_id", requestID),
+			)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Terminal events carry the complete ResponsesResponse with output + usage.
+		if (event.Type == "response.completed" || event.Type == "response.incomplete" || event.Type == "response.failed") &&
+			event.Response != nil {
+			finalResponse = event.Response
+			if event.Response.Usage != nil {
+				usage = OpenAIUsage{
+					InputTokens:  event.Response.Usage.InputTokens,
+					OutputTokens: event.Response.Usage.OutputTokens,
+				}
+				if event.Response.Usage.InputTokensDetails != nil {
+					usage.CacheReadInputTokens = event.Response.Usage.InputTokensDetails.CachedTokens
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			logger.L().Warn("openai messages buffered: read error",
+				zap.Error(err),
+				zap.String("request_id", requestID),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if finalResponse == nil {
+		writeAnthropicError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "api_error", "Upstream stream ended without a terminal response event")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("upstream stream ended without terminal event")
+	}
+
+	anthropicResp := apicompat.ResponsesToAnthropic(finalResponse, originalModel)
+
 	if s.responseHeaderFilter != nil {
 		responseheaders.WriteFilteredHeaders(c.Writer.Header(), resp.Header, s.responseHeaderFilter)
 	}
@@ -278,6 +350,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicNonStreamingResponse(
 
 // handleAnthropicStreamingResponse reads Responses SSE events from upstream,
 // converts each to Anthropic SSE events, and writes them to the client.
+// When StreamKeepaliveInterval is configured, it uses a goroutine + channel
+// pattern to send Anthropic ping events during periods of upstream silence,
+// preventing proxy/client timeout disconnections.
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicStreamingResponse(
 	resp *http.Response,
 	c *gin.Context,
@@ -293,6 +368,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicStreamingResponse(
 	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
 	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
 	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
+	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
 	c.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 
 	state := apicompat.NewResponsesEventToAnthropicState()
@@ -304,28 +380,35 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicStreamingResponse(
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
 	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), 1024*1024)
 
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		line := scanner.Text()
-
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") || line == "data: [DONE]" {
-			continue
+	// resultWithUsage builds the final result snapshot.
+	resultWithUsage := func() *OpenAIForwardResult {
+		return &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID:    requestID,
+			Usage:        usage,
+			Model:        originalModel,
+			BillingModel: mappedModel,
+			Stream:       true,
+			Duration:     time.Since(startTime),
+			FirstTokenMs: firstTokenMs,
 		}
-		payload := line[6:]
+	}
 
+	// processDataLine handles a single "data: ..." SSE line from upstream.
+	// Returns (clientDisconnected bool).
+	processDataLine := func(payload string) bool {
 		if firstChunk {
 			firstChunk = false
 			ms := int(time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds())
 			firstTokenMs = &ms
 		}
 
-		// Parse the Responses SSE event
 		var event apicompat.ResponsesStreamEvent
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(payload), &event); err != nil {
 			logger.L().Warn("openai messages stream: failed to parse event",
 				zap.Error(err),
 				zap.String("request_id", requestID),
 			)
-			continue
+			return false
 		}
 
 		// Extract usage from completion events
@@ -352,28 +435,36 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicStreamingResponse(
 				continue
 			}
 			if _, err := fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, sse); err != nil {
-				// Client disconnected — return collected usage
 				logger.L().Info("openai messages stream: client disconnected",
 					zap.String("request_id", requestID),
 				)
-				return &OpenAIForwardResult{
-					RequestID:    requestID,
-					Usage:        usage,
-					Model:        originalModel,
-					BillingModel: mappedModel,
-					Stream:       true,
-					Duration:     time.Since(startTime),
-					FirstTokenMs: firstTokenMs,
-				}, nil
+				return true
 			}
 		}
 		if len(events) > 0 {
 			c.Writer.Flush()
 		}
+		return false
 	}
 
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+	// finalizeStream sends any remaining Anthropic events and returns the result.
+	finalizeStream := func() (*OpenAIForwardResult, error) {
+		if finalEvents := apicompat.FinalizeResponsesAnthropicStream(state); len(finalEvents) > 0 {
+			for _, evt := range finalEvents {
+				sse, err := apicompat.ResponsesAnthropicEventToSSE(evt)
+				if err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, sse) //nolint:errcheck
+			}
+			c.Writer.Flush()
+		}
+		return resultWithUsage(), nil
+	}
+
+	// handleScanErr logs scanner errors if meaningful.
+	handleScanErr := func(err error) {
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
 			logger.L().Warn("openai messages stream: read error",
 				zap.Error(err),
 				zap.String("request_id", requestID),
@@ -381,27 +472,94 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleAnthropicStreamingResponse(
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Ensure the Anthropic stream is properly terminated
-	if finalEvents := apicompat.FinalizeResponsesAnthropicStream(state); len(finalEvents) > 0 {
-		for _, evt := range finalEvents {
-			sse, err := apicompat.ResponsesAnthropicEventToSSE(evt)
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, sse) //nolint:errcheck
-		}
-		c.Writer.Flush()
+	// ── Determine keepalive interval ──
+	keepaliveInterval := time.Duration(0)
+	if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.Gateway.StreamKeepaliveInterval > 0 {
+		keepaliveInterval = time.Duration(s.cfg.Gateway.StreamKeepaliveInterval) * time.Second
 	}
 
-	return &OpenAIForwardResult{
-		RequestID:    requestID,
-		Usage:        usage,
-		Model:        originalModel,
-		BillingModel: mappedModel,
-		Stream:       true,
-		Duration:     time.Since(startTime),
-		FirstTokenMs: firstTokenMs,
-	}, nil
+	// ── No keepalive: fast synchronous path (no goroutine overhead) ──
+	if keepaliveInterval <= 0 {
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Text()
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") || line == "data: [DONE]" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if processDataLine(line[6:]) {
+				return resultWithUsage(), nil
+			}
+		}
+		handleScanErr(scanner.Err())
+		return finalizeStream()
+	}
+
+	// ── With keepalive: goroutine + channel + select ──
+	type scanEvent struct {
+		line string
+		err  error
+	}
+	events := make(chan scanEvent, 16)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	sendEvent := func(ev scanEvent) bool {
+		select {
+		case events <- ev:
+			return true
+		case <-done:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	go func() {
+		defer close(events)
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			if !sendEvent(scanEvent{line: scanner.Text()}) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+			_ = sendEvent(scanEvent{err: err})
+		}
+	}()
+	defer close(done)
+
+	keepaliveTicker := time.NewTicker(keepaliveInterval)
+	defer keepaliveTicker.Stop()
+	lastDataAt := time.Now()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case ev, ok := <-events:
+			if !ok {
+				// Upstream closed
+				return finalizeStream()
+			}
+			if ev.err != nil {
+				handleScanErr(ev.err)
+				return finalizeStream()
+			}
+			lastDataAt = time.Now()
+			line := ev.line
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") || line == "data: [DONE]" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if processDataLine(line[6:]) {
+				return resultWithUsage(), nil
+			}
+
+		case <-keepaliveTicker.C:
+			if time.Since(lastDataAt) < keepaliveInterval {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Send Anthropic-format ping event
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, "event: ping\ndata: {\"type\":\"ping\"}\n\n"); err != nil {
+				// Client disconnected
+				logger.L().Info("openai messages stream: client disconnected during keepalive",
+					zap.String("request_id", requestID),
+				)
+				return resultWithUsage(), nil
+			}
+			c.Writer.Flush()
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // writeAnthropicError writes an error response in Anthropic Messages API format.

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_record_usage_test.go

@@ -334,3 +334,225 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_ClampsActualInputTokensToZero(t *testin
 	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, usageRepo.lastLog.InputTokens)
 }
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_Gpt54LongContextBillsWholeSession(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: true}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_gpt54_long_context",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  300000,
+				OutputTokens: 2000,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.4-2026-03-05",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 1014},
+		User:    &User{ID: 2014},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 3014},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+
+	expectedInput := 300000 * 2.5e-6 * 2.0
+	expectedOutput := 2000 * 15e-6 * 1.5
+	require.InDelta(t, expectedInput, usageRepo.lastLog.InputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, expectedOutput, usageRepo.lastLog.OutputCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, expectedInput+expectedOutput, usageRepo.lastLog.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+	require.InDelta(t, (expectedInput+expectedOutput)*1.1, usageRepo.lastLog.ActualCost, 1e-10)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_ServiceTierPriorityUsesFastPricing(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: true}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+	serviceTier := "priority"
+	usage := OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50}
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID:   "resp_service_tier_priority",
+			ServiceTier: &serviceTier,
+			Usage:       usage,
+			Model:       "gpt-5.4",
+			Duration:    time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 1015},
+		User:    &User{ID: 2015},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 3015},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog.ServiceTier)
+	require.Equal(t, serviceTier, *usageRepo.lastLog.ServiceTier)
+
+	baseCost, calcErr := svc.billingService.CalculateCost("gpt-5.4", UsageTokens{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50}, 1.0)
+	require.NoError(t, calcErr)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.TotalCost*2, usageRepo.lastLog.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_ServiceTierFlexHalvesCost(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: true}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+	serviceTier := "flex"
+	usage := OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50, CacheReadInputTokens: 20}
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID:   "resp_service_tier_flex",
+			ServiceTier: &serviceTier,
+			Usage:       usage,
+			Model:       "gpt-5.4",
+			Duration:    time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 1016},
+		User:    &User{ID: 2016},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 3016},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+
+	baseCost, calcErr := svc.billingService.CalculateCost("gpt-5.4", UsageTokens{InputTokens: 80, OutputTokens: 50, CacheReadTokens: 20}, 1.0)
+	require.NoError(t, calcErr)
+	require.InDelta(t, baseCost.TotalCost*0.5, usageRepo.lastLog.TotalCost, 1e-10)
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeOpenAIServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("fast maps to priority", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(" fast ")
+		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		require.Equal(t, "priority", *got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("default ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.Nil(t, normalizeOpenAIServiceTier("default"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.Nil(t, normalizeOpenAIServiceTier("turbo"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestExtractOpenAIServiceTier(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "priority", *extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": "fast"}))
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", *extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": "flex"}))
+	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTier(map[string]any{"service_tier": 1}))
+	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTier(nil))
+}
+
+func TestExtractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "priority", *extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"fast"}`)))
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", *extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"flex"}`)))
+	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody([]byte(`{"service_tier":"default"}`)))
+	require.Nil(t, extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(nil))
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsesBillingModelAndMetadataFields(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: true}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+	serviceTier := "priority"
+	reasoning := "high"
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID:       "resp_billing_model_override",
+			BillingModel:    "gpt-5.1-codex",
+			Model:           "gpt-5.1",
+			ServiceTier:     &serviceTier,
+			ReasoningEffort: &reasoning,
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  20,
+				OutputTokens: 10,
+			},
+			Duration:     2 * time.Second,
+			FirstTokenMs: func() *int { v := 120; return &v }(),
+		},
+		APIKey:    &APIKey{ID: 10, GroupID: i64p(11), Group: &Group{ID: 11, RateMultiplier: 1.2}},
+		User:      &User{ID: 20},
+		Account:   &Account{ID: 30},
+		UserAgent: "codex-cli/1.0",
+		IPAddress: "127.0.0.1",
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-5.1-codex", usageRepo.lastLog.Model)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog.ServiceTier)
+	require.Equal(t, serviceTier, *usageRepo.lastLog.ServiceTier)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog.ReasoningEffort)
+	require.Equal(t, reasoning, *usageRepo.lastLog.ReasoningEffort)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog.UserAgent)
+	require.Equal(t, "codex-cli/1.0", *usageRepo.lastLog.UserAgent)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog.IPAddress)
+	require.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1", *usageRepo.lastLog.IPAddress)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog.GroupID)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(11), *usageRepo.lastLog.GroupID)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_SubscriptionBillingSetsSubscriptionFields(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: true}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+	subscription := &UserSubscription{ID: 99}
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_subscription_billing",
+			Usage:     OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
+			Model:     "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:       &APIKey{ID: 100, GroupID: i64p(88), Group: &Group{ID: 88, SubscriptionType: SubscriptionTypeSubscription}},
+		User:         &User{ID: 200},
+		Account:      &Account{ID: 300},
+		Subscription: subscription,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, BillingTypeSubscription, usageRepo.lastLog.BillingType)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog.SubscriptionID)
+	require.Equal(t, subscription.ID, *usageRepo.lastLog.SubscriptionID)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, userRepo.deductCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_SimpleModeSkipsBillingAfterPersist(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: true}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+	svc.cfg.RunMode = config.RunModeSimple
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_simple_mode",
+			Usage:     OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
+			Model:     "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 1000},
+		User:    &User{ID: 2000},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 3000},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+}

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go

@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ type OpenAIForwardResult struct {
 	// This is set by the Anthropic Messages conversion path where
 	// the mapped upstream model differs from the client-facing model.
 	BillingModel string
+	// ServiceTier records the OpenAI Responses API service tier, e.g. "priority" / "flex".
+	// Nil means the request did not specify a recognized tier.
+	ServiceTier *string
 	// ReasoningEffort is extracted from request body (reasoning.effort) or derived from model suffix.
 	// Stored for usage records display; nil means not provided / not applicable.
 	ReasoningEffort *string
@@ -1026,7 +1029,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) selectAccountForModelWithExclusions(ctx context.C
 
 	// 3. 按优先级 + LRU 选择最佳账号
 	// Select by priority + LRU
-	selected := s.selectBestAccount(accounts, requestedModel, excludedIDs)
+	selected := s.selectBestAccount(ctx, accounts, requestedModel, excludedIDs)
 
 	if selected == nil {
 		if requestedModel != "" {
@@ -1099,7 +1102,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) tryStickySessionHit(ctx context.Context, groupID
 //
 // selectBestAccount selects the best account from candidates (priority + LRU).
 // Returns nil if no available account.
-func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) selectBestAccount(accounts []Account, requestedModel string, excludedIDs map[int64]struct{}) *Account {
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) selectBestAccount(ctx context.Context, accounts []Account, requestedModel string, excludedIDs map[int64]struct{}) *Account {
 	var selected *Account
 
 	for i := range accounts {
@@ -1111,27 +1114,20 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) selectBestAccount(accounts []Account, requestedMo
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// 调度器快照可能暂时过时，这里重新检查可调度性和平台
-		// Scheduler snapshots can be temporarily stale; re-check schedulability and platform
-		if !acc.IsSchedulable() || !acc.IsOpenAI() {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// 检查模型支持
-		// Check model support
-		if requestedModel != "" && !acc.IsModelSupported(requestedModel) {
+		fresh := s.resolveFreshSchedulableOpenAIAccount(ctx, acc, requestedModel)
+		if fresh == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// 选择优先级最高且最久未使用的账号
 		// Select highest priority and least recently used
 		if selected == nil {
-			selected = acc
+			selected = fresh
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if s.isBetterAccount(acc, selected) {
-			selected = acc
+		if s.isBetterAccount(fresh, selected) {
+			selected = fresh
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1309,13 +1305,17 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Contex
 		ordered := append([]*Account(nil), candidates...)
 		sortAccountsByPriorityAndLastUsed(ordered, false)
 		for _, acc := range ordered {
-			result, err := s.tryAcquireAccountSlot(ctx, acc.ID, acc.Concurrency)
+			fresh := s.resolveFreshSchedulableOpenAIAccount(ctx, acc, requestedModel)
+			if fresh == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			result, err := s.tryAcquireAccountSlot(ctx, fresh.ID, fresh.Concurrency)
 			if err == nil && result.Acquired {
 				if sessionHash != "" {
-					_ = s.setStickySessionAccountID(ctx, groupID, sessionHash, acc.ID, openaiStickySessionTTL)
+					_ = s.setStickySessionAccountID(ctx, groupID, sessionHash, fresh.ID, openaiStickySessionTTL)
 				}
 				return &AccountSelectionResult{
-					Account:     acc,
+					Account:     fresh,
 					Acquired:    true,
 					ReleaseFunc: result.ReleaseFunc,
 				}, nil
@@ -1359,13 +1359,17 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Contex
 			shuffleWithinSortGroups(available)
 
 			for _, item := range available {
-				result, err := s.tryAcquireAccountSlot(ctx, item.account.ID, item.account.Concurrency)
+				fresh := s.resolveFreshSchedulableOpenAIAccount(ctx, item.account, requestedModel)
+				if fresh == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				result, err := s.tryAcquireAccountSlot(ctx, fresh.ID, fresh.Concurrency)
 				if err == nil && result.Acquired {
 					if sessionHash != "" {
-						_ = s.setStickySessionAccountID(ctx, groupID, sessionHash, item.account.ID, openaiStickySessionTTL)
+						_ = s.setStickySessionAccountID(ctx, groupID, sessionHash, fresh.ID, openaiStickySessionTTL)
 					}
 					return &AccountSelectionResult{
-						Account:     item.account,
+						Account:     fresh,
 						Acquired:    true,
 						ReleaseFunc: result.ReleaseFunc,
 					}, nil
@@ -1377,11 +1381,15 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Contex
 	// ============ Layer 3: Fallback wait ============
 	sortAccountsByPriorityAndLastUsed(candidates, false)
 	for _, acc := range candidates {
+		fresh := s.resolveFreshSchedulableOpenAIAccount(ctx, acc, requestedModel)
+		if fresh == nil {
+			continue
+		}
 		return &AccountSelectionResult{
-			Account: acc,
+			Account: fresh,
 			WaitPlan: &AccountWaitPlan{
-				AccountID:      acc.ID,
-				MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+				AccountID:      fresh.ID,
+				MaxConcurrency: fresh.Concurrency,
 				Timeout:        cfg.FallbackWaitTimeout,
 				MaxWaiting:     cfg.FallbackMaxWaiting,
 			},
@@ -1418,11 +1426,44 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) tryAcquireAccountSlot(ctx context.Context, accoun
 	return s.concurrencyService.AcquireAccountSlot(ctx, accountID, maxConcurrency)
 }
 
-func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) getSchedulableAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) (*Account, error) {
-	if s.schedulerSnapshot != nil {
-		return s.schedulerSnapshot.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) resolveFreshSchedulableOpenAIAccount(ctx context.Context, account *Account, requestedModel string) *Account {
+	if account == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
-	return s.accountRepo.GetByID(ctx, accountID)
+
+	fresh := account
+	if s.schedulerSnapshot != nil {
+		current, err := s.getSchedulableAccount(ctx, account.ID)
+		if err != nil || current == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		fresh = current
+	}
+
+	if !fresh.IsSchedulable() || !fresh.IsOpenAI() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if requestedModel != "" && !fresh.IsModelSupported(requestedModel) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fresh
+}
+
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) getSchedulableAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) (*Account, error) {
+	var (
+		account *Account
+		err     error
+	)
+	if s.schedulerSnapshot != nil {
+		account, err = s.schedulerSnapshot.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	} else {
+		account, err = s.accountRepo.GetByID(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	if err != nil || account == nil {
+		return account, err
+	}
+	syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, time.Now())
+	return account, nil
 }
 
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) schedulingConfig() config.GatewaySchedulingConfig {
@@ -2002,7 +2043,11 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 			})
 
 			s.handleFailoverSideEffects(ctx, resp, account)
-			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode, ResponseBody: respBody}
+			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+				StatusCode:             resp.StatusCode,
+				ResponseBody:           respBody,
+				RetryableOnSameAccount: account.IsPoolMode() && isPoolModeRetryableStatus(resp.StatusCode),
+			}
 		}
 		return s.handleErrorResponse(ctx, resp, c, account, body)
 	}
@@ -2036,11 +2081,13 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 	}
 
 	reasoningEffort := extractOpenAIReasoningEffort(reqBody, originalModel)
+	serviceTier := extractOpenAIServiceTier(reqBody)
 
 	return &OpenAIForwardResult{
 		RequestID:       resp.Header.Get("x-request-id"),
 		Usage:           *usage,
 		Model:           originalModel,
+		ServiceTier:     serviceTier,
 		ReasoningEffort: reasoningEffort,
 		Stream:          reqStream,
 		OpenAIWSMode:    false,
@@ -2195,6 +2242,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIPassthrough(
 		RequestID:       resp.Header.Get("x-request-id"),
 		Usage:           *usage,
 		Model:           reqModel,
+		ServiceTier:     extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(body),
 		ReasoningEffort: reasoningEffort,
 		Stream:          reqStream,
 		OpenAIWSMode:    false,
@@ -2815,7 +2863,11 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleErrorResponse(
 		Detail:             upstreamDetail,
 	})
 	if shouldDisable {
-		return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode, ResponseBody: body}
+		return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+			StatusCode:             resp.StatusCode,
+			ResponseBody:           body,
+			RetryableOnSameAccount: account.IsPoolMode() && isPoolModeRetryableStatus(resp.StatusCode),
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Return appropriate error response
@@ -3594,6 +3646,13 @@ type OpenAIRecordUsageInput struct {
 // RecordUsage records usage and deducts balance
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRecordUsageInput) error {
 	result := input.Result
+
+	// 跳过所有 token 均为零的用量记录——上游未返回 usage 时不应写入数据库
+	if result.Usage.InputTokens == 0 && result.Usage.OutputTokens == 0 &&
+		result.Usage.CacheCreationInputTokens == 0 && result.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	apiKey := input.APIKey
 	user := input.User
 	account := input.Account
@@ -3628,7 +3687,11 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec
 	if result.BillingModel != "" {
 		billingModel = result.BillingModel
 	}
-	cost, err := s.billingService.CalculateCost(billingModel, tokens, multiplier)
+	serviceTier := ""
+	if result.ServiceTier != nil {
+		serviceTier = strings.TrimSpace(*result.ServiceTier)
+	}
+	cost, err := s.billingService.CalculateCostWithServiceTier(billingModel, tokens, multiplier, serviceTier)
 	if err != nil {
 		cost = &CostBreakdown{ActualCost: 0}
 	}
@@ -3649,6 +3712,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec
 		AccountID:             account.ID,
 		RequestID:             result.RequestID,
 		Model:                 billingModel,
+		ServiceTier:           result.ServiceTier,
 		ReasoningEffort:       result.ReasoningEffort,
 		InputTokens:           actualInputTokens,
 		OutputTokens:          result.Usage.OutputTokens,
@@ -3871,6 +3935,69 @@ func buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot *OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot, fallbackNow
 	return updates
 }
 
+func codexUsagePercentExhausted(value *float64) bool {
+	return value != nil && *value >= 100-1e-9
+}
+
+func codexRateLimitResetAtFromSnapshot(snapshot *OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot, fallbackNow time.Time) *time.Time {
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	normalized := snapshot.Normalize()
+	if normalized == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	baseTime := codexSnapshotBaseTime(snapshot, fallbackNow)
+	if codexUsagePercentExhausted(normalized.Used7dPercent) && normalized.Reset7dSeconds != nil {
+		resetAt := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(*normalized.Reset7dSeconds) * time.Second)
+		return &resetAt
+	}
+	if codexUsagePercentExhausted(normalized.Used5hPercent) && normalized.Reset5hSeconds != nil {
+		resetAt := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(*normalized.Reset5hSeconds) * time.Second)
+		return &resetAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func codexRateLimitResetAtFromExtra(extra map[string]any, now time.Time) *time.Time {
+	if len(extra) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if progress := buildCodexUsageProgressFromExtra(extra, "7d", now); progress != nil && codexUsagePercentExhausted(&progress.Utilization) && progress.ResetsAt != nil && now.Before(*progress.ResetsAt) {
+		resetAt := progress.ResetsAt.UTC()
+		return &resetAt
+	}
+	if progress := buildCodexUsageProgressFromExtra(extra, "5h", now); progress != nil && codexUsagePercentExhausted(&progress.Utilization) && progress.ResetsAt != nil && now.Before(*progress.ResetsAt) {
+		resetAt := progress.ResetsAt.UTC()
+		return &resetAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func applyOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(account *Account, now time.Time) (*time.Time, bool) {
+	if account == nil || !account.IsOpenAI() {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	resetAt := codexRateLimitResetAtFromExtra(account.Extra, now)
+	if resetAt == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if account.RateLimitResetAt != nil && now.Before(*account.RateLimitResetAt) && !account.RateLimitResetAt.Before(*resetAt) {
+		return account.RateLimitResetAt, false
+	}
+	account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
+	return resetAt, true
+}
+
+func syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx context.Context, repo AccountRepository, account *Account, now time.Time) *time.Time {
+	resetAt, changed := applyOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(account, now)
+	if !changed || resetAt == nil || repo == nil || account == nil || account.ID <= 0 {
+		return resetAt
+	}
+	_ = repo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt)
+	return resetAt
+}
+
 // updateCodexUsageSnapshot saves the Codex usage snapshot to account's Extra field
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) updateCodexUsageSnapshot(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, snapshot *OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot) {
 	if snapshot == nil {
@@ -3880,16 +4007,22 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) updateCodexUsageSnapshot(ctx context.Context, acc
 		return
 	}
 
-	updates := buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot, time.Now())
-	if len(updates) == 0 {
+	now := time.Now()
+	updates := buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot, now)
+	resetAt := codexRateLimitResetAtFromSnapshot(snapshot, now)
+	if len(updates) == 0 && resetAt == nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Update account's Extra field asynchronously
 	go func() {
 		updateCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
-		_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
+		if len(updates) > 0 {
+			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
+		}
+		if resetAt != nil {
+			_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(updateCtx, accountID, *resetAt)
+		}
 	}()
 }
 
@@ -4047,6 +4180,40 @@ func extractOpenAIReasoningEffortFromBody(body []byte, requestedModel string) *s
 	return &value
 }
 
+func extractOpenAIServiceTier(reqBody map[string]any) *string {
+	if reqBody == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw, ok := reqBody["service_tier"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(raw)
+}
+
+func extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(body []byte) *string {
+	if len(body) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(gjson.GetBytes(body, "service_tier").String())
+}
+
+func normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(raw string) *string {
+	value := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if value == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if value == "fast" {
+		value = "priority"
+	}
+	switch value {
+	case "priority", "flex":
+		return &value
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 func getOpenAIRequestBodyMap(c *gin.Context, body []byte) (map[string]any, error) {
 	if c != nil {
 		if cached, ok := c.Get(OpenAIParsedRequestBodyKey); ok {

backend/internal/service/openai_oauth_passthrough_test.go

@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamingSetsFirstTokenMs(t *test
 	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/responses", bytes.NewReader(nil))
 	c.Request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "codex_cli_rs/0.1.0")
 
-	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":true,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
+	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":true,"service_tier":"fast","input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
 
 	upstreamSSE := strings.Join([]string{
 		`data: {"type":"response.output_text.delta","delta":"h"}`,
@@ -711,6 +711,8 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamingSetsFirstTokenMs(t *test
 	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, time.Since(start), time.Duration(0))
 	require.NotNil(t, result.FirstTokenMs)
 	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, *result.FirstTokenMs, 0)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.ServiceTier)
+	require.Equal(t, "priority", *result.ServiceTier)
 }
 
 func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamClientDisconnectStillCollectsUsage(t *testing.T) {
@@ -777,7 +779,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_APIKeyPassthrough_PreservesBodyAndUsesResponsesEnd
 	c.Request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "curl/8.0")
 	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Test", "keep")
 
-	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":false,"max_output_tokens":128,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
+	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":false,"service_tier":"flex","max_output_tokens":128,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
 	resp := &http.Response{
 		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
 		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}, "x-request-id": []string{"rid"}},
@@ -803,8 +805,11 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_APIKeyPassthrough_PreservesBodyAndUsesResponsesEnd
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
 	}
 
-	_, err := svc.Forward(context.Background(), c, account, originalBody)
+	result, err := svc.Forward(context.Background(), c, account, originalBody)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.ServiceTier)
+	require.Equal(t, "flex", *result.ServiceTier)
 	require.NotNil(t, upstream.lastReq)
 	require.Equal(t, originalBody, upstream.lastBody)
 	require.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com/v1/responses", upstream.lastReq.URL.String())

backend/internal/service/openai_sticky_compat.go

@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ func openAIStickyCompatStats() (legacyReadFallbackTotal, legacyReadFallbackHit,
 		openAIStickyLegacyDualWriteTotal.Load()
 }
 
+// DeriveSessionHashFromSeed computes the current-format sticky-session hash
+// from an arbitrary seed string.
+func DeriveSessionHashFromSeed(seed string) string {
+	currentHash, _ := deriveOpenAISessionHashes(seed)
+	return currentHash
+}
+
 func deriveOpenAISessionHashes(sessionID string) (currentHash string, legacyHash string) {
 	normalized := strings.TrimSpace(sessionID)
 	if normalized == "" {

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_account_sticky_test.go

@@ -48,6 +48,43 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_SelectAccountByPreviousResponseID_Hit(t *testing.T
 	}
 }
 
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_SelectAccountByPreviousResponseID_RateLimitedMiss(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	groupID := int64(23)
+	rateLimitedUntil := time.Now().Add(30 * time.Minute)
+	account := Account{
+		ID:               12,
+		Platform:         PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:             AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Status:           StatusActive,
+		Schedulable:      true,
+		Concurrency:      1,
+		RateLimitResetAt: &rateLimitedUntil,
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"openai_apikey_responses_websockets_v2_enabled": true,
+		},
+	}
+	cache := &stubGatewayCache{}
+	store := NewOpenAIWSStateStore(cache)
+	cfg := newOpenAIWSV2TestConfig()
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		accountRepo:        stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{account}},
+		cache:              cache,
+		cfg:                cfg,
+		concurrencyService: NewConcurrencyService(stubConcurrencyCache{}),
+		openaiWSStateStore: store,
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, store.BindResponseAccount(ctx, groupID, "resp_prev_rl", account.ID, time.Hour))
+
+	selection, err := svc.SelectAccountByPreviousResponseID(ctx, &groupID, "resp_prev_rl", "gpt-5.1", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, selection, "限额中的账号不应继续命中 previous_response_id 粘连")
+	boundAccountID, getErr := store.GetResponseAccount(ctx, groupID, "resp_prev_rl")
+	require.NoError(t, getErr)
+	require.Zero(t, boundAccountID)
+}
+
 func TestOpenAIGatewayService_SelectAccountByPreviousResponseID_Excluded(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	groupID := int64(23)

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder.go

@@ -1853,6 +1853,10 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIWSV2(
 			wsPath,
 			account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil,
 		)
+		var dialErr *openAIWSDialError
+		if errors.As(err, &dialErr) && dialErr != nil && dialErr.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+			s.persistOpenAIWSRateLimitSignal(ctx, account, dialErr.ResponseHeaders, nil, "rate_limit_exceeded", "rate_limit_error", strings.TrimSpace(err.Error()))
+		}
 		return nil, wrapOpenAIWSFallback(classifyOpenAIWSAcquireError(err), err)
 	}
 	defer lease.Release()
@@ -2136,6 +2140,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIWSV2(
 
 		if eventType == "error" {
 			errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw := parseOpenAIWSErrorEventFields(message)
+			s.persistOpenAIWSRateLimitSignal(ctx, account, lease.HandshakeHeaders(), message, errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw)
 			errMsg := strings.TrimSpace(errMsgRaw)
 			if errMsg == "" {
 				errMsg = "Upstream websocket error"
@@ -2302,6 +2307,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIWSV2(
 		RequestID:       responseID,
 		Usage:           *usage,
 		Model:           originalModel,
+		ServiceTier:     extractOpenAIServiceTier(reqBody),
 		ReasoningEffort: extractOpenAIReasoningEffort(reqBody, originalModel),
 		Stream:          reqStream,
 		OpenAIWSMode:    true,
@@ -2639,6 +2645,10 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(
 				wsPath,
 				account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil,
 			)
+			var dialErr *openAIWSDialError
+			if errors.As(acquireErr, &dialErr) && dialErr != nil && dialErr.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+				s.persistOpenAIWSRateLimitSignal(ctx, account, dialErr.ResponseHeaders, nil, "rate_limit_exceeded", "rate_limit_error", strings.TrimSpace(acquireErr.Error()))
+			}
 			if errors.Is(acquireErr, errOpenAIWSPreferredConnUnavailable) {
 				return nil, NewOpenAIWSClientCloseError(
 					coderws.StatusPolicyViolation,
@@ -2777,6 +2787,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(
 			}
 			if eventType == "error" {
 				errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw := parseOpenAIWSErrorEventFields(upstreamMessage)
+				s.persistOpenAIWSRateLimitSignal(ctx, account, lease.HandshakeHeaders(), upstreamMessage, errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw)
 				fallbackReason, _ := classifyOpenAIWSErrorEventFromRaw(errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw)
 				errCode, errType, errMessage := summarizeOpenAIWSErrorEventFieldsFromRaw(errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw)
 				recoverablePrevNotFound := fallbackReason == openAIWSIngressStagePreviousResponseNotFound &&
@@ -2913,6 +2924,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(
 					RequestID:       responseID,
 					Usage:           usage,
 					Model:           originalModel,
+					ServiceTier:     extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(payload),
 					ReasoningEffort: extractOpenAIReasoningEffortFromBody(payload, originalModel),
 					Stream:          reqStream,
 					OpenAIWSMode:    true,
@@ -3604,6 +3616,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) performOpenAIWSGeneratePrewarm(
 
 		if eventType == "error" {
 			errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw := parseOpenAIWSErrorEventFields(message)
+			s.persistOpenAIWSRateLimitSignal(ctx, account, lease.HandshakeHeaders(), message, errCodeRaw, errTypeRaw, errMsgRaw)
 			errMsg := strings.TrimSpace(errMsgRaw)
 			if errMsg == "" {
 				errMsg = "OpenAI websocket prewarm error"
@@ -3798,7 +3811,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) SelectAccountByPreviousResponseID(
 	if s.getOpenAIWSProtocolResolver().Resolve(account).Transport != OpenAIUpstreamTransportResponsesWebsocketV2 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if shouldClearStickySession(account, requestedModel) || !account.IsOpenAI() {
+	if shouldClearStickySession(account, requestedModel) || !account.IsOpenAI() || !account.IsSchedulable() {
 		_ = store.DeleteResponseAccount(ctx, derefGroupID(groupID), responseID)
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -3867,6 +3880,36 @@ func classifyOpenAIWSAcquireError(err error) string {
 	return "acquire_conn"
 }
 
+func isOpenAIWSRateLimitError(codeRaw, errTypeRaw, msgRaw string) bool {
+	code := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(codeRaw))
+	errType := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(errTypeRaw))
+	msg := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(msgRaw))
+
+	if strings.Contains(errType, "rate_limit") || strings.Contains(errType, "usage_limit") {
+		return true
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(code, "rate_limit") || strings.Contains(code, "usage_limit") || strings.Contains(code, "insufficient_quota") {
+		return true
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(msg, "usage limit") && strings.Contains(msg, "reached") {
+		return true
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(msg, "rate limit") && (strings.Contains(msg, "reached") || strings.Contains(msg, "exceeded")) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) persistOpenAIWSRateLimitSignal(ctx context.Context, account *Account, headers http.Header, responseBody []byte, codeRaw, errTypeRaw, msgRaw string) {
+	if s == nil || s.rateLimitService == nil || account == nil || account.Platform != PlatformOpenAI {
+		return
+	}
+	if !isOpenAIWSRateLimitError(codeRaw, errTypeRaw, msgRaw) {
+		return
+	}
+	s.rateLimitService.HandleUpstreamError(ctx, account, http.StatusTooManyRequests, headers, responseBody)
+}
+
 func classifyOpenAIWSErrorEventFromRaw(codeRaw, errTypeRaw, msgRaw string) (string, bool) {
 	code := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(codeRaw))
 	errType := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(errTypeRaw))
@@ -3882,6 +3925,9 @@ func classifyOpenAIWSErrorEventFromRaw(codeRaw, errTypeRaw, msgRaw string) (stri
 	case "previous_response_not_found":
 		return "previous_response_not_found", true
 	}
+	if isOpenAIWSRateLimitError(codeRaw, errTypeRaw, msgRaw) {
+		return "upstream_rate_limited", false
+	}
 	if strings.Contains(msg, "upgrade required") || strings.Contains(msg, "status 426") {
 		return "upgrade_required", true
 	}
@@ -3927,9 +3973,7 @@ func openAIWSErrorHTTPStatusFromRaw(codeRaw, errTypeRaw string) int {
 	case strings.Contains(errType, "permission"),
 		strings.Contains(code, "forbidden"):
 		return http.StatusForbidden
-	case strings.Contains(errType, "rate_limit"),
-		strings.Contains(code, "rate_limit"),
-		strings.Contains(code, "insufficient_quota"):
+	case isOpenAIWSRateLimitError(codeRaw, errTypeRaw, ""):
 		return http.StatusTooManyRequests
 	default:
 		return http.StatusBadGateway

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_forwarder_ingress_session_test.go

@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient_PassthroughModeR
 	}()
 
 	writeCtx, cancelWrite := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
-	err = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.1","stream":false}`))
+	err = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.1","stream":false,"service_tier":"fast"}`))
 	cancelWrite()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -424,6 +424,8 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient_PassthroughModeR
 		require.True(t, result.OpenAIWSMode)
 		require.Equal(t, 2, result.Usage.InputTokens)
 		require.Equal(t, 3, result.Usage.OutputTokens)
+		require.NotNil(t, result.ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, "priority", *result.ServiceTier)
 	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
 		t.Fatal("未收到 passthrough turn 结果回调")
 	}
@@ -2593,7 +2595,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient_ClientDisconnect
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	writeCtx, cancelWrite := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
-	err = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"custom-original-model","stream":false}`))
+	err = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"custom-original-model","stream":false,"service_tier":"flex"}`))
 	cancelWrite()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	// 立即关闭客户端，模拟客户端在 relay 期间断连。
@@ -2611,6 +2613,8 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient_ClientDisconnect
 		require.Equal(t, "resp_ingress_disconnect", result.RequestID)
 		require.Equal(t, 2, result.Usage.InputTokens)
 		require.Equal(t, 1, result.Usage.OutputTokens)
+		require.NotNil(t, result.ServiceTier)
+		require.Equal(t, "flex", *result.ServiceTier)
 	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
 		t.Fatal("未收到断连后的 turn 结果回调")
 	}

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_ratelimit_signal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/pagination"
+	coderws "github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type openAIWSRateLimitSignalRepo struct {
+	stubOpenAIAccountRepo
+	rateLimitCalls []time.Time
+	updateExtra    []map[string]any
+}
+
+type openAICodexSnapshotAsyncRepo struct {
+	stubOpenAIAccountRepo
+	updateExtraCh chan map[string]any
+	rateLimitCh   chan time.Time
+}
+
+type openAICodexExtraListRepo struct {
+	stubOpenAIAccountRepo
+	rateLimitCh chan time.Time
+}
+
+func (r *openAIWSRateLimitSignalRepo) SetRateLimited(_ context.Context, _ int64, resetAt time.Time) error {
+	r.rateLimitCalls = append(r.rateLimitCalls, resetAt)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *openAIWSRateLimitSignalRepo) UpdateExtra(_ context.Context, _ int64, updates map[string]any) error {
+	copied := make(map[string]any, len(updates))
+	for k, v := range updates {
+		copied[k] = v
+	}
+	r.updateExtra = append(r.updateExtra, copied)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *openAICodexSnapshotAsyncRepo) SetRateLimited(_ context.Context, _ int64, resetAt time.Time) error {
+	if r.rateLimitCh != nil {
+		r.rateLimitCh <- resetAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *openAICodexSnapshotAsyncRepo) UpdateExtra(_ context.Context, _ int64, updates map[string]any) error {
+	if r.updateExtraCh != nil {
+		copied := make(map[string]any, len(updates))
+		for k, v := range updates {
+			copied[k] = v
+		}
+		r.updateExtraCh <- copied
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *openAICodexExtraListRepo) SetRateLimited(_ context.Context, _ int64, resetAt time.Time) error {
+	if r.rateLimitCh != nil {
+		r.rateLimitCh <- resetAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *openAICodexExtraListRepo) ListWithFilters(_ context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, platform, accountType, status, search string, groupID int64) ([]Account, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
+	_ = platform
+	_ = accountType
+	_ = status
+	_ = search
+	_ = groupID
+	return r.accounts, &pagination.PaginationResult{Total: int64(len(r.accounts)), Page: params.Page, PageSize: params.PageSize}, nil
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_Forward_WSv2ErrorEventUsageLimitPersistsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	resetAt := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour).Unix()
+	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool { return true }}
+	wsServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("upgrade websocket failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.Close() }()
+
+		var req map[string]any
+		if err := conn.ReadJSON(&req); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("read ws request failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		_ = conn.WriteJSON(map[string]any{
+			"type": "error",
+			"error": map[string]any{
+				"code":      "rate_limit_exceeded",
+				"type":      "usage_limit_reached",
+				"message":   "The usage limit has been reached",
+				"resets_at": resetAt,
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer wsServer.Close()
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/openai/v1/responses", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "unit-test-agent/1.0")
+
+	upstream := &httpUpstreamRecorder{
+		resp: &http.Response{
+			StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+			Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+			Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"id":"resp_http_should_not_run"}`)),
+		},
+	}
+
+	cfg := newOpenAIWSV2TestConfig()
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.Enabled = false
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.AllowInsecureHTTP = true
+
+	account := Account{
+		ID:          501,
+		Name:        "openai-ws-rate-limit-event",
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Status:      StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{
+			"api_key":  "sk-test",
+			"base_url": wsServer.URL,
+		},
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"responses_websockets_v2_enabled": true,
+		},
+	}
+	repo := &openAIWSRateLimitSignalRepo{stubOpenAIAccountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{account}}}
+	rateSvc := &RateLimitService{accountRepo: repo}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		accountRepo:      repo,
+		rateLimitService: rateSvc,
+		httpUpstream:     upstream,
+		cache:            &stubGatewayCache{},
+		cfg:              cfg,
+		openaiWSResolver: NewOpenAIWSProtocolResolver(cfg),
+		toolCorrector:    NewCodexToolCorrector(),
+	}
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.1","stream":false,"input":[{"type":"input_text","text":"hello"}]}`)
+	result, err := svc.Forward(context.Background(), c, &account, body)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, result)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, rec.Code)
+	require.Nil(t, upstream.lastReq, "WS 限流 error event 不应回退到同账号 HTTP")
+	require.Len(t, repo.rateLimitCalls, 1)
+	require.WithinDuration(t, time.Unix(resetAt, 0), repo.rateLimitCalls[0], 2*time.Second)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_Forward_WSv2Handshake429PersistsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "100")
+		w.Header().Set("x-codex-primary-reset-after-seconds", "7200")
+		w.Header().Set("x-codex-primary-window-minutes", "10080")
+		w.Header().Set("x-codex-secondary-used-percent", "3")
+		w.Header().Set("x-codex-secondary-reset-after-seconds", "1800")
+		w.Header().Set("x-codex-secondary-window-minutes", "300")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":{"type":"rate_limit_exceeded","message":"rate limited"}}`))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/openai/v1/responses", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "unit-test-agent/1.0")
+
+	upstream := &httpUpstreamRecorder{
+		resp: &http.Response{
+			StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+			Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+			Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"id":"resp_http_should_not_run"}`)),
+		},
+	}
+
+	cfg := newOpenAIWSV2TestConfig()
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.Enabled = false
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.AllowInsecureHTTP = true
+
+	account := Account{
+		ID:          502,
+		Name:        "openai-ws-rate-limit-handshake",
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Status:      StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{
+			"api_key":  "sk-test",
+			"base_url": server.URL,
+		},
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"responses_websockets_v2_enabled": true,
+		},
+	}
+	repo := &openAIWSRateLimitSignalRepo{stubOpenAIAccountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{account}}}
+	rateSvc := &RateLimitService{accountRepo: repo}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		accountRepo:      repo,
+		rateLimitService: rateSvc,
+		httpUpstream:     upstream,
+		cache:            &stubGatewayCache{},
+		cfg:              cfg,
+		openaiWSResolver: NewOpenAIWSProtocolResolver(cfg),
+		toolCorrector:    NewCodexToolCorrector(),
+	}
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.1","stream":false,"input":[{"type":"input_text","text":"hello"}]}`)
+	result, err := svc.Forward(context.Background(), c, &account, body)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, result)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, rec.Code)
+	require.Nil(t, upstream.lastReq, "WS 握手 429 不应回退到同账号 HTTP")
+	require.Len(t, repo.rateLimitCalls, 1)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, repo.updateExtra, "握手 429 的 x-codex 头应立即落库")
+	require.Contains(t, repo.updateExtra[0], "codex_usage_updated_at")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient_ErrorEventUsageLimitPersistsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	cfg := newOpenAIWSV2TestConfig()
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.Enabled = false
+	cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.AllowInsecureHTTP = true
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MaxConnsPerAccount = 1
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MinIdlePerAccount = 0
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.MaxIdlePerAccount = 1
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.QueueLimitPerConn = 8
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.DialTimeoutSeconds = 3
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.ReadTimeoutSeconds = 3
+	cfg.Gateway.OpenAIWS.WriteTimeoutSeconds = 3
+
+	resetAt := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Minute).Unix()
+	captureConn := &openAIWSCaptureConn{
+		events: [][]byte{
+			[]byte(`{"type":"error","error":{"code":"rate_limit_exceeded","type":"usage_limit_reached","message":"The usage limit has been reached","resets_at":PLACEHOLDER}}`),
+		},
+	}
+	captureConn.events[0] = []byte(strings.ReplaceAll(string(captureConn.events[0]), "PLACEHOLDER", strconv.FormatInt(resetAt, 10)))
+	captureDialer := &openAIWSCaptureDialer{conn: captureConn}
+	pool := newOpenAIWSConnPool(cfg)
+	pool.setClientDialerForTest(captureDialer)
+
+	account := Account{
+		ID:          503,
+		Name:        "openai-ingress-rate-limit",
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Status:      StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{
+			"api_key": "sk-test",
+		},
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"responses_websockets_v2_enabled": true,
+		},
+	}
+	repo := &openAIWSRateLimitSignalRepo{stubOpenAIAccountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{account}}}
+	rateSvc := &RateLimitService{accountRepo: repo}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		accountRepo:      repo,
+		rateLimitService: rateSvc,
+		httpUpstream:     &httpUpstreamRecorder{},
+		cache:            &stubGatewayCache{},
+		cfg:              cfg,
+		openaiWSResolver: NewOpenAIWSProtocolResolver(cfg),
+		toolCorrector:    NewCodexToolCorrector(),
+		openaiWSPool:     pool,
+	}
+
+	serverErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	wsServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		conn, err := coderws.Accept(w, r, &coderws.AcceptOptions{CompressionMode: coderws.CompressionContextTakeover})
+		if err != nil {
+			serverErrCh <- err
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.CloseNow() }()
+
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		ginCtx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+		req := r.Clone(r.Context())
+		req.Header = req.Header.Clone()
+		req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "unit-test-agent/1.0")
+		ginCtx.Request = req
+
+		readCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 3*time.Second)
+		msgType, firstMessage, readErr := conn.Read(readCtx)
+		cancel()
+		if readErr != nil {
+			serverErrCh <- readErr
+			return
+		}
+		if msgType != coderws.MessageText && msgType != coderws.MessageBinary {
+			serverErrCh <- io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			return
+		}
+
+		serverErrCh <- svc.ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient(r.Context(), ginCtx, conn, &account, "sk-test", firstMessage, nil)
+	}))
+	defer wsServer.Close()
+
+	dialCtx, cancelDial := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	clientConn, _, err := coderws.Dial(dialCtx, "ws"+strings.TrimPrefix(wsServer.URL, "http"), nil)
+	cancelDial()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = clientConn.CloseNow() }()
+
+	writeCtx, cancelWrite := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	err = clientConn.Write(writeCtx, coderws.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"response.create","model":"gpt-5.1","stream":false}`))
+	cancelWrite()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case serverErr := <-serverErrCh:
+		require.Error(t, serverErr)
+		require.Len(t, repo.rateLimitCalls, 1)
+		require.WithinDuration(t, time.Unix(resetAt, 0), repo.rateLimitCalls[0], 2*time.Second)
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待 ingress websocket 结束超时")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_ExhaustedSnapshotSetsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &openAICodexSnapshotAsyncRepo{
+		updateExtraCh: make(chan map[string]any, 1),
+		rateLimitCh:   make(chan time.Time, 1),
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{accountRepo: repo}
+	snapshot := &OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot{
+		PrimaryUsedPercent:         ptrFloat64WS(100),
+		PrimaryResetAfterSeconds:   ptrIntWS(3600),
+		PrimaryWindowMinutes:       ptrIntWS(10080),
+		SecondaryUsedPercent:       ptrFloat64WS(12),
+		SecondaryResetAfterSeconds: ptrIntWS(1200),
+		SecondaryWindowMinutes:     ptrIntWS(300),
+	}
+	before := time.Now()
+	svc.updateCodexUsageSnapshot(context.Background(), 601, snapshot)
+
+	select {
+	case updates := <-repo.updateExtraCh:
+		require.Equal(t, 100.0, updates["codex_7d_used_percent"])
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待 codex 快照落库超时")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case resetAt := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
+		require.WithinDuration(t, before.Add(time.Hour), resetAt, 2*time.Second)
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待 codex 100% 自动切换限流超时")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_NonExhaustedSnapshotDoesNotSetRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &openAICodexSnapshotAsyncRepo{
+		updateExtraCh: make(chan map[string]any, 1),
+		rateLimitCh:   make(chan time.Time, 1),
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{accountRepo: repo}
+	snapshot := &OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot{
+		PrimaryUsedPercent:         ptrFloat64WS(94),
+		PrimaryResetAfterSeconds:   ptrIntWS(3600),
+		PrimaryWindowMinutes:       ptrIntWS(10080),
+		SecondaryUsedPercent:       ptrFloat64WS(22),
+		SecondaryResetAfterSeconds: ptrIntWS(1200),
+		SecondaryWindowMinutes:     ptrIntWS(300),
+	}
+	svc.updateCodexUsageSnapshot(context.Background(), 602, snapshot)
+
+	select {
+	case <-repo.updateExtraCh:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待 codex 快照落库超时")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case resetAt := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected rate limit reset at: %v", resetAt)
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
+func ptrFloat64WS(v float64) *float64 { return &v }
+func ptrIntWS(v int) *int             { return &v }
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_GetSchedulableAccount_ExhaustedCodexExtraSetsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	resetAt := time.Now().Add(6 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	account := Account{
+		ID:          701,
+		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:        AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Status:      StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"codex_7d_used_percent": 100.0,
+			"codex_7d_reset_at":     resetAt.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		},
+	}
+	repo := &openAICodexExtraListRepo{stubOpenAIAccountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{account}}, rateLimitCh: make(chan time.Time, 1)}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{accountRepo: repo}
+
+	fresh, err := svc.getSchedulableAccount(context.Background(), account.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, fresh)
+	require.NotNil(t, fresh.RateLimitResetAt)
+	require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), *fresh.RateLimitResetAt, time.Second)
+	select {
+	case persisted := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
+		require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), persisted, time.Second)
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待旧快照补写限流状态超时")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminService_ListAccounts_ExhaustedCodexExtraReturnsRateLimitedAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	resetAt := time.Now().Add(4 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	repo := &openAICodexExtraListRepo{
+		stubOpenAIAccountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{{
+			ID:          702,
+			Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:        AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Status:      StatusActive,
+			Schedulable: true,
+			Concurrency: 1,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"codex_7d_used_percent": 100.0,
+				"codex_7d_reset_at":     resetAt.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+			},
+		}}},
+		rateLimitCh: make(chan time.Time, 1),
+	}
+	svc := &adminServiceImpl{accountRepo: repo}
+
+	accounts, total, err := svc.ListAccounts(context.Background(), 1, 20, PlatformOpenAI, AccountTypeOAuth, "", "", 0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), total)
+	require.Len(t, accounts, 1)
+	require.NotNil(t, accounts[0].RateLimitResetAt)
+	require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), *accounts[0].RateLimitResetAt, time.Second)
+	select {
+	case persisted := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
+		require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), persisted, time.Second)
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("等待列表补写限流状态超时")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIWSErrorHTTPStatusFromRaw_UsageLimitReachedIs429(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, openAIWSErrorHTTPStatusFromRaw("", "usage_limit_reached"))
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, openAIWSErrorHTTPStatusFromRaw("rate_limit_exceeded", ""))
+}

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_v2_passthrough_adapter.go

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 		return errors.New("token is empty")
 	}
 	requestModel := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(firstClientMessage, "model").String())
+	requestServiceTier := extractOpenAIServiceTierFromBody(firstClientMessage)
 	requestPreviousResponseID := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(firstClientMessage, "previous_response_id").String())
 	logOpenAIWSV2Passthrough(
 		"relay_start account_id=%d model=%s previous_response_id=%s first_message_type=%s first_message_bytes=%d",
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 						CacheReadInputTokens:     turn.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens,
 					},
 					Model:           turn.RequestModel,
+					ServiceTier:     requestServiceTier,
 					Stream:          true,
 					OpenAIWSMode:    true,
 					ResponseHeaders: cloneHeader(handshakeHeaders),
@@ -225,6 +227,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) proxyResponsesWebSocketV2Passthrough(
 			CacheReadInputTokens:     relayResult.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens,
 		},
 		Model:           relayResult.RequestModel,
+		ServiceTier:     requestServiceTier,
 		Stream:          true,
 		OpenAIWSMode:    true,
 		ResponseHeaders: cloneHeader(handshakeHeaders),

backend/internal/service/pricing_service.go

@@ -40,13 +40,17 @@ var (
 // 只保留我们需要的字段，使用指针来处理可能缺失的值
 type LiteLLMModelPricing struct {
 	InputCostPerToken                   float64 `json:"input_cost_per_token"`
+	InputCostPerTokenPriority           float64 `json:"input_cost_per_token_priority"`
 	OutputCostPerToken                  float64 `json:"output_cost_per_token"`
+	OutputCostPerTokenPriority          float64 `json:"output_cost_per_token_priority"`
 	CacheCreationInputTokenCost         float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost"`
 	CacheCreationInputTokenCostAbove1hr float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost_above_1hr"`
 	CacheReadInputTokenCost             float64 `json:"cache_read_input_token_cost"`
+	CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority     float64 `json:"cache_read_input_token_cost_priority"`
 	LongContextInputTokenThreshold      int     `json:"long_context_input_token_threshold,omitempty"`
 	LongContextInputCostMultiplier      float64 `json:"long_context_input_cost_multiplier,omitempty"`
 	LongContextOutputCostMultiplier     float64 `json:"long_context_output_cost_multiplier,omitempty"`
+	SupportsServiceTier                 bool    `json:"supports_service_tier"`
 	LiteLLMProvider                     string  `json:"litellm_provider"`
 	Mode                                string  `json:"mode"`
 	SupportsPromptCaching               bool    `json:"supports_prompt_caching"`
@@ -62,10 +66,14 @@ type PricingRemoteClient interface {
 // LiteLLMRawEntry 用于解析原始JSON数据
 type LiteLLMRawEntry struct {
 	InputCostPerToken                   *float64 `json:"input_cost_per_token"`
+	InputCostPerTokenPriority           *float64 `json:"input_cost_per_token_priority"`
 	OutputCostPerToken                  *float64 `json:"output_cost_per_token"`
+	OutputCostPerTokenPriority          *float64 `json:"output_cost_per_token_priority"`
 	CacheCreationInputTokenCost         *float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost"`
 	CacheCreationInputTokenCostAbove1hr *float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost_above_1hr"`
 	CacheReadInputTokenCost             *float64 `json:"cache_read_input_token_cost"`
+	CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority     *float64 `json:"cache_read_input_token_cost_priority"`
+	SupportsServiceTier                 bool     `json:"supports_service_tier"`
 	LiteLLMProvider                     string   `json:"litellm_provider"`
 	Mode                                string   `json:"mode"`
 	SupportsPromptCaching               bool     `json:"supports_prompt_caching"`
@@ -324,14 +332,21 @@ func (s *PricingService) parsePricingData(body []byte) (map[string]*LiteLLMModel
 			LiteLLMProvider:       entry.LiteLLMProvider,
 			Mode:                  entry.Mode,
 			SupportsPromptCaching: entry.SupportsPromptCaching,
+			SupportsServiceTier:   entry.SupportsServiceTier,
 		}
 
 		if entry.InputCostPerToken != nil {
 			pricing.InputCostPerToken = *entry.InputCostPerToken
 		}
+		if entry.InputCostPerTokenPriority != nil {
+			pricing.InputCostPerTokenPriority = *entry.InputCostPerTokenPriority
+		}
 		if entry.OutputCostPerToken != nil {
 			pricing.OutputCostPerToken = *entry.OutputCostPerToken
 		}
+		if entry.OutputCostPerTokenPriority != nil {
+			pricing.OutputCostPerTokenPriority = *entry.OutputCostPerTokenPriority
+		}
 		if entry.CacheCreationInputTokenCost != nil {
 			pricing.CacheCreationInputTokenCost = *entry.CacheCreationInputTokenCost
 		}
@@ -341,6 +356,9 @@ func (s *PricingService) parsePricingData(body []byte) (map[string]*LiteLLMModel
 		if entry.CacheReadInputTokenCost != nil {
 			pricing.CacheReadInputTokenCost = *entry.CacheReadInputTokenCost
 		}
+		if entry.CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority != nil {
+			pricing.CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority = *entry.CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority
+		}
 		if entry.OutputCostPerImage != nil {
 			pricing.OutputCostPerImage = *entry.OutputCostPerImage
 		}

backend/internal/service/pricing_service_test.go

@@ -1,11 +1,40 @@
 package service
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func TestParsePricingData_ParsesPriorityAndServiceTierFields(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &PricingService{}
+	body := []byte(`{
+		"gpt-5.4": {
+			"input_cost_per_token": 0.0000025,
+			"input_cost_per_token_priority": 0.000005,
+			"output_cost_per_token": 0.000015,
+			"output_cost_per_token_priority": 0.00003,
+			"cache_creation_input_token_cost": 0.0000025,
+			"cache_read_input_token_cost": 0.00000025,
+			"cache_read_input_token_cost_priority": 0.0000005,
+			"supports_service_tier": true,
+			"supports_prompt_caching": true,
+			"litellm_provider": "openai",
+			"mode": "chat"
+		}
+	}`)
+
+	data, err := svc.parsePricingData(body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	pricing := data["gpt-5.4"]
+	require.NotNil(t, pricing)
+	require.InDelta(t, 5e-6, pricing.InputCostPerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 3e-5, pricing.OutputCostPerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 5e-7, pricing.CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.True(t, pricing.SupportsServiceTier)
+}
+
 func TestGetModelPricing_Gpt53CodexSparkUsesGpt51CodexPricing(t *testing.T) {
 	sparkPricing := &LiteLLMModelPricing{InputCostPerToken: 1}
 	gpt53Pricing := &LiteLLMModelPricing{InputCostPerToken: 9}
@@ -68,3 +97,64 @@ func TestGetModelPricing_Gpt54UsesStaticFallbackWhenRemoteMissing(t *testing.T)
 	require.InDelta(t, 2.0, got.LongContextInputCostMultiplier, 1e-12)
 	require.InDelta(t, 1.5, got.LongContextOutputCostMultiplier, 1e-12)
 }
+
+func TestParsePricingData_PreservesPriorityAndServiceTierFields(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := map[string]any{
+		"gpt-5.4": map[string]any{
+			"input_cost_per_token":                 2.5e-6,
+			"input_cost_per_token_priority":        5e-6,
+			"output_cost_per_token":                15e-6,
+			"output_cost_per_token_priority":       30e-6,
+			"cache_read_input_token_cost":          0.25e-6,
+			"cache_read_input_token_cost_priority": 0.5e-6,
+			"supports_service_tier":                true,
+			"supports_prompt_caching":              true,
+			"litellm_provider":                     "openai",
+			"mode":                                 "chat",
+		},
+	}
+	body, err := json.Marshal(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	svc := &PricingService{}
+	pricingMap, err := svc.parsePricingData(body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pricing := pricingMap["gpt-5.4"]
+	require.NotNil(t, pricing)
+	require.InDelta(t, 2.5e-6, pricing.InputCostPerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 5e-6, pricing.InputCostPerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 15e-6, pricing.OutputCostPerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 30e-6, pricing.OutputCostPerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.25e-6, pricing.CacheReadInputTokenCost, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.5e-6, pricing.CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.True(t, pricing.SupportsServiceTier)
+}
+
+func TestParsePricingData_PreservesServiceTierPriorityFields(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &PricingService{}
+	pricingData, err := svc.parsePricingData([]byte(`{
+		"gpt-5.4": {
+			"input_cost_per_token": 0.0000025,
+			"input_cost_per_token_priority": 0.000005,
+			"output_cost_per_token": 0.000015,
+			"output_cost_per_token_priority": 0.00003,
+			"cache_read_input_token_cost": 0.00000025,
+			"cache_read_input_token_cost_priority": 0.0000005,
+			"supports_service_tier": true,
+			"litellm_provider": "openai",
+			"mode": "chat"
+		}
+	}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pricing := pricingData["gpt-5.4"]
+	require.NotNil(t, pricing)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.0000025, pricing.InputCostPerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.000005, pricing.InputCostPerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.000015, pricing.OutputCostPerToken, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.00003, pricing.OutputCostPerTokenPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.00000025, pricing.CacheReadInputTokenCost, 1e-12)
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.0000005, pricing.CacheReadInputTokenCostPriority, 1e-12)
+	require.True(t, pricing.SupportsServiceTier)
+}

backend/internal/service/ratelimit_service.go

@@ -28,6 +28,17 @@ type RateLimitService struct {
 	usageCache            map[int64]*geminiUsageCacheEntry
 }
 
+// SuccessfulTestRecoveryResult 表示测试成功后恢复了哪些运行时状态。
+type SuccessfulTestRecoveryResult struct {
+	ClearedError     bool
+	ClearedRateLimit bool
+}
+
+// AccountRecoveryOptions 控制账号恢复时的附加行为。
+type AccountRecoveryOptions struct {
+	InvalidateToken bool
+}
+
 type geminiUsageCacheEntry struct {
 	windowStart time.Time
 	cachedAt    time.Time
@@ -87,6 +98,9 @@ func (s *RateLimitService) CheckErrorPolicy(ctx context.Context, account *Accoun
 		slog.Info("account_error_code_skipped", "account_id", account.ID, "status_code", statusCode)
 		return ErrorPolicySkipped
 	}
+	if account.IsPoolMode() {
+		return ErrorPolicySkipped
+	}
 	if s.tryTempUnschedulable(ctx, account, statusCode, responseBody) {
 		return ErrorPolicyTempUnscheduled
 	}
@@ -96,9 +110,16 @@ func (s *RateLimitService) CheckErrorPolicy(ctx context.Context, account *Accoun
 // HandleUpstreamError 处理上游错误响应，标记账号状态
 // 返回是否应该停止该账号的调度
 func (s *RateLimitService) HandleUpstreamError(ctx context.Context, account *Account, statusCode int, headers http.Header, responseBody []byte) (shouldDisable bool) {
+	customErrorCodesEnabled := account.IsCustomErrorCodesEnabled()
+
+	// 池模式默认不标记本地账号状态；仅当用户显式配置自定义错误码时按本地策略处理。
+	if account.IsPoolMode() && !customErrorCodesEnabled {
+		slog.Info("pool_mode_error_skipped", "account_id", account.ID, "status_code", statusCode)
+		return false
+	}
+
 	// apikey 类型账号：检查自定义错误码配置
 	// 如果启用且错误码不在列表中，则不处理（不停止调度、不标记限流/过载）
-	customErrorCodesEnabled := account.IsCustomErrorCodesEnabled()
 	if !account.ShouldHandleErrorCode(statusCode) {
 		slog.Info("account_error_code_skipped", "account_id", account.ID, "status_code", statusCode)
 		return false
@@ -615,6 +636,7 @@ func (s *RateLimitService) handleCustomErrorCode(ctx context.Context, account *A
 func (s *RateLimitService) handle429(ctx context.Context, account *Account, headers http.Header, responseBody []byte) {
 	// 1. OpenAI 平台：优先尝试解析 x-codex-* 响应头（用于 rate_limit_exceeded）
 	if account.Platform == PlatformOpenAI {
+		s.persistOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx, account, headers)
 		if resetAt := s.calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers); resetAt != nil {
 			if err := s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt); err != nil {
 				slog.Warn("rate_limit_set_failed", "account_id", account.ID, "error", err)
@@ -878,6 +900,23 @@ func pickSooner(a, b *time.Time) *time.Time {
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *RateLimitService) persistOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx context.Context, account *Account, headers http.Header) {
+	if s == nil || s.accountRepo == nil || account == nil || headers == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	snapshot := ParseCodexRateLimitHeaders(headers)
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	updates := buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot, time.Now())
+	if len(updates) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, updates); err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("openai_codex_snapshot_persist_failed", "account_id", account.ID, "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // parseOpenAIRateLimitResetTime 解析 OpenAI 格式的 429 响应，返回重置时间的 Unix 时间戳
 // OpenAI 的 usage_limit_reached 错误格式：
 //
@@ -1022,6 +1061,42 @@ func (s *RateLimitService) ClearRateLimit(ctx context.Context, accountID int64)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// RecoverAccountState 按需恢复账号的可恢复运行时状态。
+func (s *RateLimitService) RecoverAccountState(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, options AccountRecoveryOptions) (*SuccessfulTestRecoveryResult, error) {
+	account, err := s.accountRepo.GetByID(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	result := &SuccessfulTestRecoveryResult{}
+	if account.Status == StatusError {
+		if err := s.accountRepo.ClearError(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		result.ClearedError = true
+		if options.InvalidateToken && s.tokenCacheInvalidator != nil && account.IsOAuth() {
+			if invalidateErr := s.tokenCacheInvalidator.InvalidateToken(ctx, account); invalidateErr != nil {
+				slog.Warn("recover_account_state_invalidate_token_failed", "account_id", accountID, "error", invalidateErr)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if hasRecoverableRuntimeState(account) {
+		if err := s.ClearRateLimit(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		result.ClearedRateLimit = true
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest 将一次成功测试视为正常请求，
+// 按需恢复 error / rate-limit / overload / temp-unsched / model-rate-limit 等运行时状态。
+func (s *RateLimitService) RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) (*SuccessfulTestRecoveryResult, error) {
+	return s.RecoverAccountState(ctx, accountID, AccountRecoveryOptions{})
+}
+
 func (s *RateLimitService) ClearTempUnschedulable(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) error {
 	if err := s.accountRepo.ClearTempUnschedulable(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -1038,6 +1113,36 @@ func (s *RateLimitService) ClearTempUnschedulable(ctx context.Context, accountID
 	return nil
 }
 
+func hasRecoverableRuntimeState(account *Account) bool {
+	if account == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if account.RateLimitedAt != nil || account.RateLimitResetAt != nil || account.OverloadUntil != nil || account.TempUnschedulableUntil != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if len(account.Extra) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return hasNonEmptyMapValue(account.Extra, "model_rate_limits") || hasNonEmptyMapValue(account.Extra, "antigravity_quota_scopes")
+}
+
+func hasNonEmptyMapValue(extra map[string]any, key string) bool {
+	raw, ok := extra[key]
+	if !ok || raw == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch typed := raw.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		return len(typed) > 0
+	case map[string]string:
+		return len(typed) > 0
+	case []any:
+		return len(typed) > 0
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *RateLimitService) GetTempUnschedStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID int64) (*TempUnschedState, error) {
 	now := time.Now().Unix()
 	if s.tempUnschedCache != nil {

backend/internal/service/ratelimit_service_clear_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -13,16 +14,34 @@ import (
 
 type rateLimitClearRepoStub struct {
 	mockAccountRepoForGemini
+	getByIDAccount            *Account
+	getByIDErr                error
+	getByIDCalls              int
+	clearErrorCalls           int
 	clearRateLimitCalls       int
 	clearAntigravityCalls     int
 	clearModelRateLimitCalls  int
 	clearTempUnschedCalls     int
+	clearErrorErr             error
 	clearRateLimitErr         error
 	clearAntigravityErr       error
 	clearModelRateLimitErr    error
 	clearTempUnschedulableErr error
 }
 
+func (r *rateLimitClearRepoStub) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*Account, error) {
+	r.getByIDCalls++
+	if r.getByIDErr != nil {
+		return nil, r.getByIDErr
+	}
+	return r.getByIDAccount, nil
+}
+
+func (r *rateLimitClearRepoStub) ClearError(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	r.clearErrorCalls++
+	return r.clearErrorErr
+}
+
 func (r *rateLimitClearRepoStub) ClearRateLimit(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	r.clearRateLimitCalls++
 	return r.clearRateLimitErr
@@ -48,6 +67,11 @@ type tempUnschedCacheRecorder struct {
 	deleteErr  error
 }
 
+type recoverTokenInvalidatorStub struct {
+	accounts []*Account
+	err      error
+}
+
 func (c *tempUnschedCacheRecorder) SetTempUnsched(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, state *TempUnschedState) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -61,6 +85,11 @@ func (c *tempUnschedCacheRecorder) DeleteTempUnsched(ctx context.Context, accoun
 	return c.deleteErr
 }
 
+func (s *recoverTokenInvalidatorStub) InvalidateToken(ctx context.Context, account *Account) error {
+	s.accounts = append(s.accounts, account)
+	return s.err
+}
+
 func TestRateLimitService_ClearRateLimit_AlsoClearsTempUnschedulable(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := &rateLimitClearRepoStub{}
 	cache := &tempUnschedCacheRecorder{}
@@ -170,3 +199,108 @@ func TestRateLimitService_ClearRateLimit_WithoutTempUnschedCache(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearModelRateLimitCalls)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearTempUnschedCalls)
 }
+
+func TestRateLimitService_RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest_ClearsErrorAndRateLimitRelatedState(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	repo := &rateLimitClearRepoStub{
+		getByIDAccount: &Account{
+			ID:                     42,
+			Status:                 StatusError,
+			RateLimitedAt:          &now,
+			TempUnschedulableUntil: &now,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"model_rate_limits": map[string]any{
+					"claude-sonnet-4-5": map[string]any{
+						"rate_limit_reset_at": now.Format(time.RFC3339),
+					},
+				},
+				"antigravity_quota_scopes": map[string]any{"gemini": true},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	cache := &tempUnschedCacheRecorder{}
+	svc := NewRateLimitService(repo, nil, &config.Config{}, nil, cache)
+
+	result, err := svc.RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest(context.Background(), 42)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.True(t, result.ClearedError)
+	require.True(t, result.ClearedRateLimit)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.getByIDCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearErrorCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearRateLimitCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearAntigravityCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearModelRateLimitCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearTempUnschedCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, []int64{42}, cache.deletedIDs)
+}
+
+func TestRateLimitService_RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest_NoRecoverableStateIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &rateLimitClearRepoStub{
+		getByIDAccount: &Account{
+			ID:          7,
+			Status:      StatusActive,
+			Schedulable: true,
+			Extra:       map[string]any{},
+		},
+	}
+	cache := &tempUnschedCacheRecorder{}
+	svc := NewRateLimitService(repo, nil, &config.Config{}, nil, cache)
+
+	result, err := svc.RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest(context.Background(), 7)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.False(t, result.ClearedError)
+	require.False(t, result.ClearedRateLimit)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.getByIDCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, repo.clearErrorCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, repo.clearRateLimitCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, repo.clearAntigravityCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, repo.clearModelRateLimitCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, repo.clearTempUnschedCalls)
+	require.Empty(t, cache.deletedIDs)
+}
+
+func TestRateLimitService_RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest_ClearErrorFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &rateLimitClearRepoStub{
+		getByIDAccount: &Account{
+			ID:     9,
+			Status: StatusError,
+		},
+		clearErrorErr: errors.New("clear error failed"),
+	}
+	svc := NewRateLimitService(repo, nil, &config.Config{}, nil, nil)
+
+	result, err := svc.RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest(context.Background(), 9)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, result)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.getByIDCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearErrorCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, repo.clearRateLimitCalls)
+}
+
+func TestRateLimitService_RecoverAccountState_InvalidatesOAuthTokenOnErrorRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &rateLimitClearRepoStub{
+		getByIDAccount: &Account{
+			ID:     21,
+			Type:   AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Status: StatusError,
+		},
+	}
+	invalidator := &recoverTokenInvalidatorStub{}
+	svc := NewRateLimitService(repo, nil, &config.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	svc.SetTokenCacheInvalidator(invalidator)
+
+	result, err := svc.RecoverAccountState(context.Background(), 21, AccountRecoveryOptions{
+		InvalidateToken: true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.True(t, result.ClearedError)
+	require.False(t, result.ClearedRateLimit)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.clearErrorCalls)
+	require.Len(t, invalidator.accounts, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(21), invalidator.accounts[0].ID)
+}

backend/internal/service/ratelimit_service_openai_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+//go:build unit
+
 package service
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -141,6 +144,51 @@ func TestCalculateOpenAI429ResetTime_ReversedWindowOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+type openAI429SnapshotRepo struct {
+	mockAccountRepoForGemini
+	rateLimitedID int64
+	updatedExtra  map[string]any
+}
+
+func (r *openAI429SnapshotRepo) SetRateLimited(_ context.Context, id int64, _ time.Time) error {
+	r.rateLimitedID = id
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *openAI429SnapshotRepo) UpdateExtra(_ context.Context, _ int64, updates map[string]any) error {
+	r.updatedExtra = updates
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestHandle429_OpenAIPersistsCodexSnapshotImmediately(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &openAI429SnapshotRepo{}
+	svc := NewRateLimitService(repo, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	account := &Account{ID: 123, Platform: PlatformOpenAI, Type: AccountTypeOAuth}
+
+	headers := http.Header{}
+	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "100")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-reset-after-seconds", "604800")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-window-minutes", "10080")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-used-percent", "100")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-reset-after-seconds", "18000")
+	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-window-minutes", "300")
+
+	svc.handle429(context.Background(), account, headers, nil)
+
+	if repo.rateLimitedID != account.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("rateLimitedID = %d, want %d", repo.rateLimitedID, account.ID)
+	}
+	if len(repo.updatedExtra) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected codex snapshot to be persisted on 429")
+	}
+	if got := repo.updatedExtra["codex_5h_used_percent"]; got != 100.0 {
+		t.Fatalf("codex_5h_used_percent = %v, want 100", got)
+	}
+	if got := repo.updatedExtra["codex_7d_used_percent"]; got != 100.0 {
+		t.Fatalf("codex_7d_used_percent = %v, want 100", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNormalizedCodexLimits(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test the Normalize() method directly
 	pUsed := 100.0

backend/internal/service/scheduled_test_port.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type ScheduledTestPlan struct {
 	CronExpression string     `json:"cron_expression"`
 	Enabled        bool       `json:"enabled"`
 	MaxResults     int        `json:"max_results"`
+	AutoRecover    bool       `json:"auto_recover"`
 	LastRunAt      *time.Time `json:"last_run_at"`
 	NextRunAt      *time.Time `json:"next_run_at"`
 	CreatedAt      time.Time  `json:"created_at"`

backend/internal/service/scheduled_test_runner_service.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ type ScheduledTestRunnerService struct {
 	planRepo       ScheduledTestPlanRepository
 	scheduledSvc   *ScheduledTestService
 	accountTestSvc *AccountTestService
+	rateLimitSvc   *RateLimitService
 	cfg            *config.Config
 
 	cron      *cron.Cron
@@ -29,12 +30,14 @@ func NewScheduledTestRunnerService(
 	planRepo ScheduledTestPlanRepository,
 	scheduledSvc *ScheduledTestService,
 	accountTestSvc *AccountTestService,
+	rateLimitSvc *RateLimitService,
 	cfg *config.Config,
 ) *ScheduledTestRunnerService {
 	return &ScheduledTestRunnerService{
 		planRepo:       planRepo,
 		scheduledSvc:   scheduledSvc,
 		accountTestSvc: accountTestSvc,
+		rateLimitSvc:   rateLimitSvc,
 		cfg:            cfg,
 	}
 }
@@ -127,6 +130,11 @@ func (s *ScheduledTestRunnerService) runOnePlan(ctx context.Context, plan *Sched
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.scheduled_test_runner", "[ScheduledTestRunner] plan=%d SaveResult error: %v", plan.ID, err)
 	}
 
+	// Auto-recover account if test succeeded and auto_recover is enabled.
+	if result.Status == "success" && plan.AutoRecover {
+		s.tryRecoverAccount(ctx, plan.AccountID, plan.ID)
+	}
+
 	nextRun, err := computeNextRun(plan.CronExpression, time.Now())
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.scheduled_test_runner", "[ScheduledTestRunner] plan=%d computeNextRun error: %v", plan.ID, err)
@@ -137,3 +145,26 @@ func (s *ScheduledTestRunnerService) runOnePlan(ctx context.Context, plan *Sched
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.scheduled_test_runner", "[ScheduledTestRunner] plan=%d UpdateAfterRun error: %v", plan.ID, err)
 	}
 }
+
+// tryRecoverAccount attempts to recover an account from recoverable runtime state.
+func (s *ScheduledTestRunnerService) tryRecoverAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, planID int64) {
+	if s.rateLimitSvc == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	recovery, err := s.rateLimitSvc.RecoverAccountAfterSuccessfulTest(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.scheduled_test_runner", "[ScheduledTestRunner] plan=%d auto-recover failed: %v", planID, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if recovery == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if recovery.ClearedError {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.scheduled_test_runner", "[ScheduledTestRunner] plan=%d auto-recover: account=%d recovered from error status", planID, accountID)
+	}
+	if recovery.ClearedRateLimit {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.scheduled_test_runner", "[ScheduledTestRunner] plan=%d auto-recover: account=%d cleared rate-limit/runtime state", planID, accountID)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/setting_service.go

@@ -1194,6 +1194,59 @@ func (s *SettingService) GetMinClaudeCodeVersion(ctx context.Context) string {
 	return ver
 }
 
+// GetRectifierSettings 获取请求整流器配置
+func (s *SettingService) GetRectifierSettings(ctx context.Context) (*RectifierSettings, error) {
+	value, err := s.settingRepo.GetValue(ctx, SettingKeyRectifierSettings)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSettingNotFound) {
+			return DefaultRectifierSettings(), nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get rectifier settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	if value == "" {
+		return DefaultRectifierSettings(), nil
+	}
+
+	var settings RectifierSettings
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(value), &settings); err != nil {
+		return DefaultRectifierSettings(), nil
+	}
+
+	return &settings, nil
+}
+
+// SetRectifierSettings 设置请求整流器配置
+func (s *SettingService) SetRectifierSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *RectifierSettings) error {
+	if settings == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("settings cannot be nil")
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal rectifier settings: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return s.settingRepo.Set(ctx, SettingKeyRectifierSettings, string(data))
+}
+
+// IsSignatureRectifierEnabled 判断签名整流是否启用（总开关 && 签名子开关）
+func (s *SettingService) IsSignatureRectifierEnabled(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	settings, err := s.GetRectifierSettings(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return true // fail-open: 查询失败时默认启用
+	}
+	return settings.Enabled && settings.ThinkingSignatureEnabled
+}
+
+// IsBudgetRectifierEnabled 判断 Budget 整流是否启用（总开关 && Budget 子开关）
+func (s *SettingService) IsBudgetRectifierEnabled(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	settings, err := s.GetRectifierSettings(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return true // fail-open: 查询失败时默认启用
+	}
+	return settings.Enabled && settings.ThinkingBudgetEnabled
+}
+
 // SetStreamTimeoutSettings 设置流超时处理配置
 func (s *SettingService) SetStreamTimeoutSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *StreamTimeoutSettings) error {
 	if settings == nil {

backend/internal/service/settings_view.go

@@ -175,3 +175,19 @@ func DefaultStreamTimeoutSettings() *StreamTimeoutSettings {
 		ThresholdWindowMinutes: 10,
 	}
 }
+
+// RectifierSettings 请求整流器配置
+type RectifierSettings struct {
+	Enabled                  bool `json:"enabled"`                    // 总开关
+	ThinkingSignatureEnabled bool `json:"thinking_signature_enabled"` // Thinking 签名整流
+	ThinkingBudgetEnabled    bool `json:"thinking_budget_enabled"`    // Thinking Budget 整流
+}
+
+// DefaultRectifierSettings 返回默认的整流器配置（全部启用）
+func DefaultRectifierSettings() *RectifierSettings {
+	return &RectifierSettings{
+		Enabled:                  true,
+		ThinkingSignatureEnabled: true,
+		ThinkingBudgetEnabled:    true,
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/usage_log.go

@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ type UsageLog struct {
 	AccountID int64
 	RequestID string
 	Model     string
+	// ServiceTier records the OpenAI service tier used for billing, e.g. "priority" / "flex".
+	ServiceTier *string
 	// ReasoningEffort is the request's reasoning effort level (OpenAI Responses API),
 	// e.g. "low" / "medium" / "high" / "xhigh". Nil means not provided / not applicable.
 	ReasoningEffort *string

backend/internal/service/wire.go

@@ -287,9 +287,10 @@ func ProvideScheduledTestRunnerService(
 	planRepo ScheduledTestPlanRepository,
 	scheduledSvc *ScheduledTestService,
 	accountTestSvc *AccountTestService,
+	rateLimitSvc *RateLimitService,
 	cfg *config.Config,
 ) *ScheduledTestRunnerService {
-	svc := NewScheduledTestRunnerService(planRepo, scheduledSvc, accountTestSvc, cfg)
+	svc := NewScheduledTestRunnerService(planRepo, scheduledSvc, accountTestSvc, rateLimitSvc, cfg)
 	svc.Start()
 	return svc
 }

backend/internal/setup/setup.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/logger"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/repository"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
@@ -23,10 +24,19 @@ import (
 
 // Config paths
 const (
-	ConfigFileName  = "config.yaml"
-	InstallLockFile = ".installed"
+	ConfigFileName             = "config.yaml"
+	InstallLockFile            = ".installed"
+	defaultUserConcurrency     = 5
+	simpleModeAdminConcurrency = 30
 )
 
+func setupDefaultAdminConcurrency() int {
+	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("RUN_MODE")), config.RunModeSimple) {
+		return simpleModeAdminConcurrency
+	}
+	return defaultUserConcurrency
+}
+
 // GetDataDir returns the data directory for storing config and lock files.
 // Priority: DATA_DIR env > /app/data (if exists and writable) > current directory
 func GetDataDir() string {
@@ -390,7 +400,7 @@ func createAdminUser(cfg *SetupConfig) (bool, string, error) {
 		Role:        service.RoleAdmin,
 		Status:      service.StatusActive,
 		Balance:     0,
-		Concurrency: 5,
+		Concurrency: setupDefaultAdminConcurrency(),
 		CreatedAt:   time.Now(),
 		UpdatedAt:   time.Now(),
 	}
@@ -462,7 +472,7 @@ func writeConfigFile(cfg *SetupConfig) error {
 			APIKeyPrefix    string  `yaml:"api_key_prefix"`
 			RateMultiplier  float64 `yaml:"rate_multiplier"`
 		}{
-			UserConcurrency: 5,
+			UserConcurrency: defaultUserConcurrency,
 			UserBalance:     0,
 			APIKeyPrefix:    "sk-",
 			RateMultiplier:  1.0,

backend/internal/setup/setup_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package setup
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
 
 func TestDecideAdminBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -49,3 +53,37 @@ func TestDecideAdminBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSetupDefaultAdminConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("simple mode admin uses higher concurrency", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv("RUN_MODE", "simple")
+		if got := setupDefaultAdminConcurrency(); got != simpleModeAdminConcurrency {
+			t.Fatalf("setupDefaultAdminConcurrency()=%d, want %d", got, simpleModeAdminConcurrency)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("standard mode keeps existing default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv("RUN_MODE", "standard")
+		if got := setupDefaultAdminConcurrency(); got != defaultUserConcurrency {
+			t.Fatalf("setupDefaultAdminConcurrency()=%d, want %d", got, defaultUserConcurrency)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestWriteConfigFileKeepsDefaultUserConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("RUN_MODE", "simple")
+	t.Setenv("DATA_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	if err := writeConfigFile(&SetupConfig{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("writeConfigFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(GetConfigFilePath())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), "user_concurrency: 5") {
+		t.Fatalf("config missing default user concurrency, got:\n%s", string(data))
+	}
+}

backend/migrations/070_add_scheduled_test_auto_recover.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-- 070: Add auto_recover column to scheduled_test_plans
+-- When enabled, automatically recovers account from error/rate-limited state on successful test
+
+ALTER TABLE scheduled_test_plans ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS auto_recover BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false;

backend/migrations/070_add_usage_log_service_tier.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ALTER TABLE usage_logs
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS service_tier VARCHAR(16);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_service_tier_created_at
+    ON usage_logs (service_tier, created_at);

frontend/src/api/admin/accounts.ts

@@ -240,6 +240,16 @@ export async function clearRateLimit(id: number): Promise<Account> {
   return data
 }
 
+/**
+ * Recover account runtime state in one call
+ * @param id - Account ID
+ * @returns Updated account
+ */
+export async function recoverState(id: number): Promise<Account> {
+  const { data } = await apiClient.post<Account>(`/admin/accounts/${id}/recover-state`)
+  return data
+}
+
 /**
  * Reset account quota usage
  * @param id - Account ID
@@ -588,6 +598,7 @@ export const accountsAPI = {
   getTodayStats,
   getBatchTodayStats,
   clearRateLimit,
+  recoverState,
   resetAccountQuota,
   getTempUnschedulableStatus,
   resetTempUnschedulable,

frontend/src/api/admin/settings.ts

@@ -273,6 +273,41 @@ export async function updateStreamTimeoutSettings(
   return data
 }
 
+// ==================== Rectifier Settings ====================
+
+/**
+ * Rectifier settings interface
+ */
+export interface RectifierSettings {
+  enabled: boolean
+  thinking_signature_enabled: boolean
+  thinking_budget_enabled: boolean
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get rectifier settings
+ * @returns Rectifier settings
+ */
+export async function getRectifierSettings(): Promise<RectifierSettings> {
+  const { data } = await apiClient.get<RectifierSettings>('/admin/settings/rectifier')
+  return data
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update rectifier settings
+ * @param settings - Rectifier settings to update
+ * @returns Updated settings
+ */
+export async function updateRectifierSettings(
+  settings: RectifierSettings
+): Promise<RectifierSettings> {
+  const { data } = await apiClient.put<RectifierSettings>(
+    '/admin/settings/rectifier',
+    settings
+  )
+  return data
+}
+
 // ==================== Sora S3 Settings ====================
 
 export interface SoraS3Settings {
@@ -419,6 +454,8 @@ export const settingsAPI = {
   deleteAdminApiKey,
   getStreamTimeoutSettings,
   updateStreamTimeoutSettings,
+  getRectifierSettings,
+  updateRectifierSettings,
   getSoraS3Settings,
   updateSoraS3Settings,
   testSoraS3Connection,

frontend/src/components/account/AccountCapacityCell.vue

@@ -73,21 +73,10 @@
     </div>
 
     <!-- API Key 账号配额限制 -->
-    <div v-if="showQuotaLimit" class="flex items-center gap-1">
-      <span
-        :class="[
-          'inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[10px] font-medium',
-          quotaClass
-        ]"
-        :title="quotaTooltip"
-      >
-        <svg class="h-2.5 w-2.5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
-          <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M2.25 18.75a60.07 60.07 0 0115.797 2.101c.727.198 1.453-.342 1.453-1.096V18.75M3.75 4.5v.75A.75.75 0 013 6h-.75m0 0v-.375c0-.621.504-1.125 1.125-1.125H20.25M2.25 6v9m18-10.5v.75c0 .414.336.75.75.75h.75m-1.5-1.5h.375c.621 0 1.125.504 1.125 1.125v9.75c0 .621-.504 1.125-1.125 1.125h-.375m1.5-1.5H21a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v.75m0 0H3.75m0 0h-.375a1.125 1.125 0 01-1.125-1.125V15m1.5 1.5v-.75A.75.75 0 003 15h-.75M15 10.5a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm3 0h.008v.008H18V10.5zm-12 0h.008v.008H6V10.5z" />
-        </svg>
-        <span class="font-mono">${{ formatCost(currentQuotaUsed) }}</span>
-        <span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">/</span>
-        <span class="font-mono">${{ formatCost(account.quota_limit) }}</span>
-      </span>
+    <div v-if="showDailyQuota || showWeeklyQuota || showTotalQuota" class="flex items-center gap-1">
+      <QuotaBadge v-if="showDailyQuota" :used="account.quota_daily_used ?? 0" :limit="account.quota_daily_limit!" label="D" />
+      <QuotaBadge v-if="showWeeklyQuota" :used="account.quota_weekly_used ?? 0" :limit="account.quota_weekly_limit!" label="W" />
+      <QuotaBadge v-if="showTotalQuota" :used="account.quota_used ?? 0" :limit="account.quota_limit!" />
     </div>
   </div>
 </template>
@@ -96,6 +85,7 @@
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import type { Account } from '@/types'
+import QuotaBadge from './QuotaBadge.vue'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   account: Account
@@ -304,46 +294,17 @@ const rpmTooltip = computed(() => {
   }
 })
 
-// 是否显示配额限制（仅 apikey 类型且设置了 quota_limit）
-const showQuotaLimit = computed(() => {
-  return (
-    props.account.type === 'apikey' &&
-    props.account.quota_limit !== undefined &&
-    props.account.quota_limit !== null &&
-    props.account.quota_limit > 0
-  )
+// 是否显示各维度配额（仅 apikey 类型）
+const showDailyQuota = computed(() => {
+  return props.account.type === 'apikey' && (props.account.quota_daily_limit ?? 0) > 0
 })
 
-// 当前已用配额
-const currentQuotaUsed = computed(() => props.account.quota_used ?? 0)
-
-// 配额状态样式
-const quotaClass = computed(() => {
-  if (!showQuotaLimit.value) return ''
-
-  const used = currentQuotaUsed.value
-  const limit = props.account.quota_limit || 0
-
-  if (used >= limit) {
-    return 'bg-red-100 text-red-700 dark:bg-red-900/30 dark:text-red-400'
-  }
-  if (used >= limit * 0.8) {
-    return 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 dark:bg-yellow-900/30 dark:text-yellow-400'
-  }
-  return 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/30 dark:text-emerald-400'
+const showWeeklyQuota = computed(() => {
+  return props.account.type === 'apikey' && (props.account.quota_weekly_limit ?? 0) > 0
 })
 
-// 配额提示文字
-const quotaTooltip = computed(() => {
-  if (!showQuotaLimit.value) return ''
-
-  const used = currentQuotaUsed.value
-  const limit = props.account.quota_limit || 0
-
-  if (used >= limit) {
-    return t('admin.accounts.capacity.quota.exceeded')
-  }
-  return t('admin.accounts.capacity.quota.normal')
+const showTotalQuota = computed(() => {
+  return props.account.type === 'apikey' && (props.account.quota_limit ?? 0) > 0
 })
 
 // 格式化费用显示

frontend/src/components/account/AccountStatusIndicator.vue

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <!-- Rate Limit Display (429) - Two-line layout -->
     <div v-if="isRateLimited" class="flex flex-col items-center gap-1">
       <span class="badge text-xs badge-warning">{{ t('admin.accounts.status.rateLimited') }}</span>
-      <span class="text-[11px] text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">{{ rateLimitCountdown }}</span>
+      <span class="text-[11px] text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">{{ rateLimitResumeText }}</span>
     </div>
 
     <!-- Overload Display (529) - Two-line layout -->
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@
       </span>
       <!-- Tooltip -->
       <div
-        class="pointer-events-none absolute bottom-full left-1/2 z-50 mb-2 -translate-x-1/2 whitespace-nowrap rounded bg-gray-900 px-2 py-1 text-xs text-white opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100 dark:bg-gray-700"
+        class="pointer-events-none absolute bottom-full left-1/2 z-50 mb-2 w-56 -translate-x-1/2 whitespace-normal rounded bg-gray-900 px-3 py-2 text-center text-xs leading-relaxed text-white opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100 dark:bg-gray-700"
       >
-        {{ t('admin.accounts.status.rateLimitedUntil', { time: formatTime(account.rate_limit_reset_at) }) }}
+        {{ t('admin.accounts.status.rateLimitedUntil', { time: formatDateTime(account.rate_limit_reset_at) }) }}
         <div
           class="absolute left-1/2 top-full -translate-x-1/2 border-4 border-transparent border-t-gray-900 dark:border-t-gray-700"
         ></div>
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
         </span>
         <!-- Tooltip -->
         <div
-          class="pointer-events-none absolute bottom-full left-1/2 z-50 mb-2 -translate-x-1/2 whitespace-nowrap rounded bg-gray-900 px-2 py-1 text-xs text-white opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100 dark:bg-gray-700"
+          class="pointer-events-none absolute bottom-full left-1/2 z-50 mb-2 w-56 -translate-x-1/2 whitespace-normal rounded bg-gray-900 px-3 py-2 text-center text-xs leading-relaxed text-white opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100 dark:bg-gray-700"
         >
           {{ t('admin.accounts.status.modelRateLimitedUntil', { model: formatScopeName(item.model), time: formatTime(item.reset_at) }) }}
           <div
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
       </span>
       <!-- Tooltip -->
       <div
-        class="pointer-events-none absolute bottom-full left-1/2 z-50 mb-2 -translate-x-1/2 whitespace-nowrap rounded bg-gray-900 px-2 py-1 text-xs text-white opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100 dark:bg-gray-700"
+        class="pointer-events-none absolute bottom-full left-1/2 z-50 mb-2 w-56 -translate-x-1/2 whitespace-normal rounded bg-gray-900 px-3 py-2 text-center text-xs leading-relaxed text-white opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100 dark:bg-gray-700"
       >
         {{ t('admin.accounts.status.overloadedUntil', { time: formatTime(account.overload_until) }) }}
         <div
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import type { Account } from '@/types'
-import { formatCountdownWithSuffix, formatTime } from '@/utils/format'
+import { formatCountdown, formatDateTime, formatCountdownWithSuffix, formatTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
@@ -231,7 +231,12 @@ const hasError = computed(() => {
 
 // Computed: countdown text for rate limit (429)
 const rateLimitCountdown = computed(() => {
-  return formatCountdownWithSuffix(props.account.rate_limit_reset_at)
+  return formatCountdown(props.account.rate_limit_reset_at)
+})
+
+const rateLimitResumeText = computed(() => {
+  if (!rateLimitCountdown.value) return ''
+  return t('admin.accounts.status.rateLimitedAutoResume', { time: rateLimitCountdown.value })
 })
 
 // Computed: countdown text for overload (529)

frontend/src/components/account/AccountUsageCell.vue

@@ -69,9 +69,39 @@
       <div v-else class="text-xs text-gray-400">-</div>
     </template>
 
-    <!-- OpenAI OAuth accounts: show Codex usage from extra field -->
+    <!-- OpenAI OAuth accounts: prefer fresh usage query for active rate-limited rows -->
     <template v-else-if="account.platform === 'openai' && account.type === 'oauth'">
-      <div v-if="hasCodexUsage" class="space-y-1">
+      <div v-if="preferFetchedOpenAIUsage" class="space-y-1">
+        <UsageProgressBar
+          v-if="usageInfo?.five_hour"
+          label="5h"
+          :utilization="usageInfo.five_hour.utilization"
+          :resets-at="usageInfo.five_hour.resets_at"
+          :window-stats="usageInfo.five_hour.window_stats"
+          color="indigo"
+        />
+        <UsageProgressBar
+          v-if="usageInfo?.seven_day"
+          label="7d"
+          :utilization="usageInfo.seven_day.utilization"
+          :resets-at="usageInfo.seven_day.resets_at"
+          :window-stats="usageInfo.seven_day.window_stats"
+          color="emerald"
+        />
+      </div>
+      <div v-else-if="isActiveOpenAIRateLimited && loading" class="space-y-1.5">
+        <div class="flex items-center gap-1">
+          <div class="h-3 w-[32px] animate-pulse rounded bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700"></div>
+          <div class="h-1.5 w-8 animate-pulse rounded-full bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700"></div>
+          <div class="h-3 w-[32px] animate-pulse rounded bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700"></div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="flex items-center gap-1">
+          <div class="h-3 w-[32px] animate-pulse rounded bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700"></div>
+          <div class="h-1.5 w-8 animate-pulse rounded-full bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700"></div>
+          <div class="h-3 w-[32px] animate-pulse rounded bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700"></div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div v-else-if="hasCodexUsage" class="space-y-1">
         <!-- 5h Window -->
         <UsageProgressBar
           v-if="codex5hUsedPercent !== null"
@@ -303,15 +333,39 @@
   <div v-else>
     <!-- Gemini API Key accounts: show quota info -->
     <AccountQuotaInfo v-if="account.platform === 'gemini'" :account="account" />
+    <!-- API Key accounts with quota limits: show progress bars -->
+    <div v-else-if="hasApiKeyQuota" class="space-y-1">
+      <UsageProgressBar
+        v-if="quotaDailyBar"
+        label="1d"
+        :utilization="quotaDailyBar.utilization"
+        :resets-at="quotaDailyBar.resetsAt"
+        color="indigo"
+      />
+      <UsageProgressBar
+        v-if="quotaWeeklyBar"
+        label="7d"
+        :utilization="quotaWeeklyBar.utilization"
+        :resets-at="quotaWeeklyBar.resetsAt"
+        color="emerald"
+      />
+      <UsageProgressBar
+        v-if="quotaTotalBar"
+        label="total"
+        :utilization="quotaTotalBar.utilization"
+        color="purple"
+      />
+    </div>
     <div v-else class="text-xs text-gray-400">-</div>
   </div>
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref, computed, onMounted } from 'vue'
+import { ref, computed, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { adminAPI } from '@/api/admin'
 import type { Account, AccountUsageInfo, GeminiCredentials, WindowStats } from '@/types'
+import { buildOpenAIUsageRefreshKey } from '@/utils/accountUsageRefresh'
 import { resolveCodexUsageWindow } from '@/utils/codexUsage'
 import UsageProgressBar from './UsageProgressBar.vue'
 import AccountQuotaInfo from './AccountQuotaInfo.vue'
@@ -373,6 +427,36 @@ const hasOpenAIUsageFallback = computed(() => {
   return !!usageInfo.value?.five_hour || !!usageInfo.value?.seven_day
 })
 
+const isActiveOpenAIRateLimited = computed(() => {
+  if (props.account.platform !== 'openai' || props.account.type !== 'oauth') return false
+  if (!props.account.rate_limit_reset_at) return false
+  const resetAt = Date.parse(props.account.rate_limit_reset_at)
+  return !Number.isNaN(resetAt) && resetAt > Date.now()
+})
+
+const preferFetchedOpenAIUsage = computed(() => {
+  return (isActiveOpenAIRateLimited.value || isOpenAICodexSnapshotStale.value) && hasOpenAIUsageFallback.value
+})
+
+const openAIUsageRefreshKey = computed(() => buildOpenAIUsageRefreshKey(props.account))
+
+const isOpenAICodexSnapshotStale = computed(() => {
+  if (props.account.platform !== 'openai' || props.account.type !== 'oauth') return false
+  const extra = props.account.extra as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
+  const updatedAtRaw = extra?.codex_usage_updated_at
+  if (!updatedAtRaw) return true
+  const updatedAt = Date.parse(String(updatedAtRaw))
+  if (Number.isNaN(updatedAt)) return true
+  return Date.now() - updatedAt >= 10 * 60 * 1000
+})
+
+const shouldAutoLoadUsageOnMount = computed(() => {
+  if (props.account.platform === 'openai' && props.account.type === 'oauth') {
+    return isActiveOpenAIRateLimited.value || !hasCodexUsage.value || isOpenAICodexSnapshotStale.value
+  }
+  return shouldFetchUsage.value
+})
+
 const codex5hUsedPercent = computed(() => codex5hWindow.value.usedPercent)
 const codex5hResetAt = computed(() => codex5hWindow.value.resetAt)
 const codex7dUsedPercent = computed(() => codex7dWindow.value.usedPercent)
@@ -748,7 +832,71 @@ const loadUsage = async () => {
   }
 }
 
+// ===== API Key quota progress bars =====
+
+interface QuotaBarInfo {
+  utilization: number
+  resetsAt: string | null
+}
+
+const makeQuotaBar = (
+  used: number,
+  limit: number,
+  startKey?: string
+): QuotaBarInfo => {
+  const utilization = limit > 0 ? (used / limit) * 100 : 0
+  let resetsAt: string | null = null
+  if (startKey) {
+    const extra = props.account.extra as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
+    const startStr = extra?.[startKey] as string | undefined
+    if (startStr) {
+      const startDate = new Date(startStr)
+      const periodMs = startKey.includes('daily') ? 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 : 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+      resetsAt = new Date(startDate.getTime() + periodMs).toISOString()
+    }
+  }
+  return { utilization, resetsAt }
+}
+
+const hasApiKeyQuota = computed(() => {
+  if (props.account.type !== 'apikey') return false
+  return (
+    (props.account.quota_daily_limit ?? 0) > 0 ||
+    (props.account.quota_weekly_limit ?? 0) > 0 ||
+    (props.account.quota_limit ?? 0) > 0
+  )
+})
+
+const quotaDailyBar = computed((): QuotaBarInfo | null => {
+  const limit = props.account.quota_daily_limit ?? 0
+  if (limit <= 0) return null
+  return makeQuotaBar(props.account.quota_daily_used ?? 0, limit, 'quota_daily_start')
+})
+
+const quotaWeeklyBar = computed((): QuotaBarInfo | null => {
+  const limit = props.account.quota_weekly_limit ?? 0
+  if (limit <= 0) return null
+  return makeQuotaBar(props.account.quota_weekly_used ?? 0, limit, 'quota_weekly_start')
+})
+
+const quotaTotalBar = computed((): QuotaBarInfo | null => {
+  const limit = props.account.quota_limit ?? 0
+  if (limit <= 0) return null
+  return makeQuotaBar(props.account.quota_used ?? 0, limit)
+})
+
 onMounted(() => {
+  if (!shouldAutoLoadUsageOnMount.value) return
   loadUsage()
 })
+
+watch(openAIUsageRefreshKey, (nextKey, prevKey) => {
+  if (!prevKey || nextKey === prevKey) return
+  if (props.account.platform !== 'openai' || props.account.type !== 'oauth') return
+  if (!isActiveOpenAIRateLimited.value && hasCodexUsage.value && !isOpenAICodexSnapshotStale.value) return
+
+  loadUsage().catch((e) => {
+    console.error('Failed to refresh OpenAI usage:', e)
+  })
+})
 </script>

frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue

@@ -1127,6 +1127,58 @@
           </template>
         </div>
 
+        <!-- Pool Mode Section -->
+        <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+          <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+            <div>
+              <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.accounts.poolMode') }}</label>
+              <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.poolModeHint') }}
+              </p>
+            </div>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              @click="poolModeEnabled = !poolModeEnabled"
+              :class="[
+                'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
+                poolModeEnabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+              ]"
+            >
+              <span
+                :class="[
+                  'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
+                  poolModeEnabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+                ]"
+              />
+            </button>
+          </div>
+          <div v-if="poolModeEnabled" class="rounded-lg bg-blue-50 p-3 dark:bg-blue-900/20">
+            <p class="text-xs text-blue-700 dark:text-blue-400">
+              <Icon name="exclamationCircle" size="sm" class="mr-1 inline" :stroke-width="2" />
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.poolModeInfo') }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <div v-if="poolModeEnabled" class="mt-3">
+            <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.poolModeRetryCount') }}</label>
+            <input
+              v-model.number="poolModeRetryCount"
+              type="number"
+              min="0"
+              :max="MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT"
+              step="1"
+              class="input"
+            />
+            <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              {{
+                t('admin.accounts.poolModeRetryCountHint', {
+                  default: DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT,
+                  max: MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
+                })
+              }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
         <!-- Custom Error Codes Section -->
         <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
           <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
@@ -1228,7 +1280,22 @@
       </div>
 
       <!-- API Key 账号配额限制 -->
-      <QuotaLimitCard v-if="form.type === 'apikey'" v-model="editQuotaLimit" />
+      <div v-if="form.type === 'apikey'" class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 space-y-4">
+        <div class="mb-3">
+          <h3 class="input-label mb-0 text-base font-semibold">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimit') }}</h3>
+          <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            {{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitHint') }}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        <QuotaLimitCard
+          :totalLimit="editQuotaLimit"
+          :dailyLimit="editQuotaDailyLimit"
+          :weeklyLimit="editQuotaWeeklyLimit"
+          @update:totalLimit="editQuotaLimit = $event"
+          @update:dailyLimit="editQuotaDailyLimit = $event"
+          @update:weeklyLimit="editQuotaWeeklyLimit = $event"
+        />
+      </div>
 
       <!-- OpenAI OAuth Model Mapping (OAuth 类型没有 apikey 容器，需要独立的模型映射区域) -->
       <div
@@ -2609,9 +2676,15 @@ const addMethod = ref<AddMethod>('oauth') // For oauth-based: 'oauth' or 'setup-
 const apiKeyBaseUrl = ref('https://api.anthropic.com')
 const apiKeyValue = ref('')
 const editQuotaLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
+const editQuotaDailyLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
+const editQuotaWeeklyLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
 const modelMappings = ref<ModelMapping[]>([])
 const modelRestrictionMode = ref<'whitelist' | 'mapping'>('whitelist')
 const allowedModels = ref<string[]>([])
+const DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT = 3
+const MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT = 10
+const poolModeEnabled = ref(false)
+const poolModeRetryCount = ref(DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT)
 const customErrorCodesEnabled = ref(false)
 const selectedErrorCodes = ref<number[]>([])
 const customErrorCodeInput = ref<number | null>(null)
@@ -3272,6 +3345,8 @@ const resetForm = () => {
   apiKeyBaseUrl.value = 'https://api.anthropic.com'
   apiKeyValue.value = ''
   editQuotaLimit.value = null
+  editQuotaDailyLimit.value = null
+  editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value = null
   modelMappings.value = []
   modelRestrictionMode.value = 'whitelist'
   allowedModels.value = [...claudeModels] // Default fill related models
@@ -3281,6 +3356,8 @@ const resetForm = () => {
   fetchAntigravityDefaultMappings().then(mappings => {
     antigravityModelMappings.value = [...mappings]
   })
+  poolModeEnabled.value = false
+  poolModeRetryCount.value = DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
   customErrorCodesEnabled.value = false
   selectedErrorCodes.value = []
   customErrorCodeInput.value = null
@@ -3433,6 +3510,20 @@ const handleMixedChannelCancel = () => {
   clearMixedChannelDialog()
 }
 
+const normalizePoolModeRetryCount = (value: number) => {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
+  }
+  const normalized = Math.trunc(value)
+  if (normalized < 0) {
+    return 0
+  }
+  if (normalized > MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT) {
+    return MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
+  }
+  return normalized
+}
+
 const handleSubmit = async () => {
   // For OAuth-based type, handle OAuth flow (goes to step 2)
   if (isOAuthFlow.value) {
@@ -3532,6 +3623,12 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
     }
   }
 
+  // Add pool mode if enabled
+  if (poolModeEnabled.value) {
+    credentials.pool_mode = true
+    credentials.pool_mode_retry_count = normalizePoolModeRetryCount(poolModeRetryCount.value)
+  }
+
   // Add custom error codes if enabled
   if (customErrorCodesEnabled.value) {
     credentials.custom_error_codes_enabled = true
@@ -3686,10 +3783,22 @@ const createAccountAndFinish = async (
   if (!applyTempUnschedConfig(credentials)) {
     return
   }
-  // Inject quota_limit for apikey accounts
+  // Inject quota limits for apikey accounts
   let finalExtra = extra
-  if (type === 'apikey' && editQuotaLimit.value != null && editQuotaLimit.value > 0) {
-    finalExtra = { ...(extra || {}), quota_limit: editQuotaLimit.value }
+  if (type === 'apikey') {
+    const quotaExtra: Record<string, unknown> = { ...(extra || {}) }
+    if (editQuotaLimit.value != null && editQuotaLimit.value > 0) {
+      quotaExtra.quota_limit = editQuotaLimit.value
+    }
+    if (editQuotaDailyLimit.value != null && editQuotaDailyLimit.value > 0) {
+      quotaExtra.quota_daily_limit = editQuotaDailyLimit.value
+    }
+    if (editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value != null && editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value > 0) {
+      quotaExtra.quota_weekly_limit = editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(quotaExtra).length > 0) {
+      finalExtra = quotaExtra
+    }
   }
   await doCreateAccount({
     name: form.name,

frontend/src/components/account/EditAccountModal.vue

@@ -251,6 +251,58 @@
           </template>
         </div>
 
+        <!-- Pool Mode Section -->
+        <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+          <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+            <div>
+              <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.accounts.poolMode') }}</label>
+              <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.poolModeHint') }}
+              </p>
+            </div>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              @click="poolModeEnabled = !poolModeEnabled"
+              :class="[
+                'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
+                poolModeEnabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+              ]"
+            >
+              <span
+                :class="[
+                  'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
+                  poolModeEnabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+                ]"
+              />
+            </button>
+          </div>
+          <div v-if="poolModeEnabled" class="rounded-lg bg-blue-50 p-3 dark:bg-blue-900/20">
+            <p class="text-xs text-blue-700 dark:text-blue-400">
+              <Icon name="exclamationCircle" size="sm" class="mr-1 inline" :stroke-width="2" />
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.poolModeInfo') }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <div v-if="poolModeEnabled" class="mt-3">
+            <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.poolModeRetryCount') }}</label>
+            <input
+              v-model.number="poolModeRetryCount"
+              type="number"
+              min="0"
+              :max="MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT"
+              step="1"
+              class="input"
+            />
+            <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              {{
+                t('admin.accounts.poolModeRetryCountHint', {
+                  default: DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT,
+                  max: MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
+                })
+              }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
         <!-- Custom Error Codes Section -->
         <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
           <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
@@ -904,7 +956,22 @@
       </div>
 
       <!-- API Key 账号配额限制 -->
-      <QuotaLimitCard v-if="account?.type === 'apikey'" v-model="editQuotaLimit" />
+      <div v-if="account?.type === 'apikey'" class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 space-y-4">
+        <div class="mb-3">
+          <h3 class="input-label mb-0 text-base font-semibold">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimit') }}</h3>
+          <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            {{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitHint') }}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        <QuotaLimitCard
+          :totalLimit="editQuotaLimit"
+          :dailyLimit="editQuotaDailyLimit"
+          :weeklyLimit="editQuotaWeeklyLimit"
+          @update:totalLimit="editQuotaLimit = $event"
+          @update:dailyLimit="editQuotaDailyLimit = $event"
+          @update:weeklyLimit="editQuotaWeeklyLimit = $event"
+        />
+      </div>
 
       <!-- OpenAI OAuth Codex 官方客户端限制开关 -->
       <div
@@ -1483,6 +1550,10 @@ const editApiKey = ref('')
 const modelMappings = ref<ModelMapping[]>([])
 const modelRestrictionMode = ref<'whitelist' | 'mapping'>('whitelist')
 const allowedModels = ref<string[]>([])
+const DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT = 3
+const MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT = 10
+const poolModeEnabled = ref(false)
+const poolModeRetryCount = ref(DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT)
 const customErrorCodesEnabled = ref(false)
 const selectedErrorCodes = ref<number[]>([])
 const customErrorCodeInput = ref<number | null>(null)
@@ -1535,6 +1606,8 @@ const openaiAPIKeyResponsesWebSocketV2Mode = ref<OpenAIWSMode>(OPENAI_WS_MODE_OF
 const codexCLIOnlyEnabled = ref(false)
 const anthropicPassthroughEnabled = ref(false)
 const editQuotaLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
+const editQuotaDailyLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
+const editQuotaWeeklyLimit = ref<number | null>(null)
 const openAIWSModeOptions = computed(() => [
   { value: OPENAI_WS_MODE_OFF, label: t('admin.accounts.openai.wsModeOff') },
   // TODO: ctx_pool 选项暂时隐藏，待测试完成后恢复
@@ -1641,6 +1714,20 @@ const expiresAtInput = computed({
 })
 
 // Watchers
+const normalizePoolModeRetryCount = (value: number) => {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
+  }
+  const normalized = Math.trunc(value)
+  if (normalized < 0) {
+    return 0
+  }
+  if (normalized > MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT) {
+    return MAX_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
+  }
+  return normalized
+}
+
 watch(
   () => props.account,
   (newAccount) => {
@@ -1704,8 +1791,14 @@ watch(
       if (newAccount.type === 'apikey') {
         const quotaVal = extra?.quota_limit as number | undefined
         editQuotaLimit.value = (quotaVal && quotaVal > 0) ? quotaVal : null
+        const dailyVal = extra?.quota_daily_limit as number | undefined
+        editQuotaDailyLimit.value = (dailyVal && dailyVal > 0) ? dailyVal : null
+        const weeklyVal = extra?.quota_weekly_limit as number | undefined
+        editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value = (weeklyVal && weeklyVal > 0) ? weeklyVal : null
       } else {
         editQuotaLimit.value = null
+        editQuotaDailyLimit.value = null
+        editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value = null
       }
 
       // Load antigravity model mapping (Antigravity 只支持映射模式)
@@ -1782,6 +1875,12 @@ watch(
           allowedModels.value = []
         }
 
+        // Load pool mode
+        poolModeEnabled.value = credentials.pool_mode === true
+        poolModeRetryCount.value = normalizePoolModeRetryCount(
+          Number(credentials.pool_mode_retry_count ?? DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT)
+        )
+
         // Load custom error codes
         customErrorCodesEnabled.value = credentials.custom_error_codes_enabled === true
         const existingErrorCodes = credentials.custom_error_codes as number[] | undefined
@@ -1828,6 +1927,8 @@ watch(
           modelMappings.value = []
           allowedModels.value = []
         }
+        poolModeEnabled.value = false
+        poolModeRetryCount.value = DEFAULT_POOL_MODE_RETRY_COUNT
         customErrorCodesEnabled.value = false
         selectedErrorCodes.value = []
       }
@@ -2288,6 +2389,15 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
         newCredentials.model_mapping = currentCredentials.model_mapping
       }
 
+      // Add pool mode if enabled
+      if (poolModeEnabled.value) {
+        newCredentials.pool_mode = true
+        newCredentials.pool_mode_retry_count = normalizePoolModeRetryCount(poolModeRetryCount.value)
+      } else {
+        delete newCredentials.pool_mode
+        delete newCredentials.pool_mode_retry_count
+      }
+
       // Add custom error codes if enabled
       if (customErrorCodesEnabled.value) {
         newCredentials.custom_error_codes_enabled = true
@@ -2525,6 +2635,16 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
       } else {
         delete newExtra.quota_limit
       }
+      if (editQuotaDailyLimit.value != null && editQuotaDailyLimit.value > 0) {
+        newExtra.quota_daily_limit = editQuotaDailyLimit.value
+      } else {
+        delete newExtra.quota_daily_limit
+      }
+      if (editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value != null && editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value > 0) {
+        newExtra.quota_weekly_limit = editQuotaWeeklyLimit.value
+      } else {
+        delete newExtra.quota_weekly_limit
+      }
       updatePayload.extra = newExtra
     }
 

frontend/src/components/account/QuotaBadge.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed } from 'vue'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
+
+const props = defineProps<{
+  used: number
+  limit: number
+  label?: string // 文字前缀，如 "D" / "W"；不传时显示 icon
+}>()
+
+const { t } = useI18n()
+
+const badgeClass = computed(() => {
+  if (props.used >= props.limit) {
+    return 'bg-red-100 text-red-700 dark:bg-red-900/30 dark:text-red-400'
+  }
+  if (props.used >= props.limit * 0.8) {
+    return 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 dark:bg-yellow-900/30 dark:text-yellow-400'
+  }
+  return 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/30 dark:text-emerald-400'
+})
+
+const tooltip = computed(() => {
+  if (props.used >= props.limit) {
+    return t('admin.accounts.capacity.quota.exceeded')
+  }
+  return t('admin.accounts.capacity.quota.normal')
+})
+
+const fmt = (v: number) => v.toFixed(2)
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <span
+    :class="[
+      'inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md px-1.5 py-px text-[10px] font-medium leading-tight',
+      badgeClass
+    ]"
+    :title="tooltip"
+  >
+    <span v-if="label" class="font-semibold opacity-70">{{ label }}</span>
+    <svg v-else class="h-2.5 w-2.5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
+      <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M2.25 18.75a60.07 60.07 0 0115.797 2.101c.727.198 1.453-.342 1.453-1.096V18.75M3.75 4.5v.75A.75.75 0 013 6h-.75m0 0v-.375c0-.621.504-1.125 1.125-1.125H20.25M2.25 6v9m18-10.5v.75c0 .414.336.75.75.75h.75m-1.5-1.5h.375c.621 0 1.125.504 1.125 1.125v9.75c0 .621-.504 1.125-1.125 1.125h-.375m1.5-1.5H21a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v.75m0 0H3.75m0 0h-.375a1.125 1.125 0 01-1.125-1.125V15m1.5 1.5v-.75A.75.75 0 003 15h-.75M15 10.5a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm3 0h.008v.008H18V10.5zm-12 0h.008v.008H6V10.5z" />
+    </svg>
+    <span class="font-mono">${{ fmt(used) }}</span>
+    <span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">/</span>
+    <span class="font-mono">${{ fmt(limit) }}</span>
+  </span>
+</template>

frontend/src/components/account/QuotaLimitCard.vue

@@ -1,50 +1,59 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref, watch } from 'vue'
+import { ref, watch, computed } from 'vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
 const props = defineProps<{
-  modelValue: number | null
+  totalLimit: number | null
+  dailyLimit: number | null
+  weeklyLimit: number | null
 }>()
 
 const emit = defineEmits<{
-  'update:modelValue': [value: number | null]
+  'update:totalLimit': [value: number | null]
+  'update:dailyLimit': [value: number | null]
+  'update:weeklyLimit': [value: number | null]
 }>()
 
-const enabled = ref(props.modelValue != null && props.modelValue > 0)
-
-// Sync enabled state when modelValue changes externally (e.g. account load)
-watch(
-  () => props.modelValue,
-  (val) => {
-    enabled.value = val != null && val > 0
-  }
+const enabled = computed(() =>
+  (props.totalLimit != null && props.totalLimit > 0) ||
+  (props.dailyLimit != null && props.dailyLimit > 0) ||
+  (props.weeklyLimit != null && props.weeklyLimit > 0)
 )
 
-// When toggle is turned off, clear the value
+const localEnabled = ref(enabled.value)
+
+// Sync when props change externally
 watch(enabled, (val) => {
+  localEnabled.value = val
+})
+
+// When toggle is turned off, clear all values
+watch(localEnabled, (val) => {
   if (!val) {
-    emit('update:modelValue', null)
+    emit('update:totalLimit', null)
+    emit('update:dailyLimit', null)
+    emit('update:weeklyLimit', null)
   }
 })
 
-const onInput = (e: Event) => {
+const onTotalInput = (e: Event) => {
   const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).valueAsNumber
-  emit('update:modelValue', Number.isNaN(raw) ? null : raw)
+  emit('update:totalLimit', Number.isNaN(raw) ? null : raw)
+}
+const onDailyInput = (e: Event) => {
+  const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).valueAsNumber
+  emit('update:dailyLimit', Number.isNaN(raw) ? null : raw)
+}
+const onWeeklyInput = (e: Event) => {
+  const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).valueAsNumber
+  emit('update:weeklyLimit', Number.isNaN(raw) ? null : raw)
 }
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 space-y-4">
-    <div class="mb-3">
-      <h3 class="input-label mb-0 text-base font-semibold">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimit') }}</h3>
-      <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-        {{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitHint') }}
-      </p>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 p-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+  <div class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 p-4 dark:border-dark-600">
       <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
         <div>
           <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitToggle') }}</label>
@@ -54,29 +63,30 @@ const onInput = (e: Event) => {
         </div>
         <button
           type="button"
-          @click="enabled = !enabled"
+          @click="localEnabled = !localEnabled"
           :class="[
             'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
-            enabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+            localEnabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
           ]"
         >
           <span
             :class="[
               'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
-              enabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+              localEnabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
             ]"
           />
         </button>
       </div>
 
-      <div v-if="enabled" class="space-y-3">
+      <div v-if="localEnabled" class="space-y-3">
+        <!-- 日配额 -->
         <div>
-          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitAmount') }}</label>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaDailyLimit') }}</label>
           <div class="relative">
             <span class="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">$</span>
             <input
-              :value="modelValue"
-              @input="onInput"
+              :value="dailyLimit"
+              @input="onDailyInput"
               type="number"
               min="0"
               step="0.01"
@@ -84,9 +94,44 @@ const onInput = (e: Event) => {
               :placeholder="t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitPlaceholder')"
             />
           </div>
-          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitAmountHint') }}</p>
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaDailyLimitHint') }}</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- 周配额 -->
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaWeeklyLimit') }}</label>
+          <div class="relative">
+            <span class="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">$</span>
+            <input
+              :value="weeklyLimit"
+              @input="onWeeklyInput"
+              type="number"
+              min="0"
+              step="0.01"
+              class="input pl-7"
+              :placeholder="t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitPlaceholder')"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaWeeklyLimitHint') }}</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- 总配额 -->
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaTotalLimit') }}</label>
+          <div class="relative">
+            <span class="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">$</span>
+            <input
+              :value="totalLimit"
+              @input="onTotalInput"
+              type="number"
+              min="0"
+              step="0.01"
+              class="input pl-7"
+              :placeholder="t('admin.accounts.quotaLimitPlaceholder')"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.quotaTotalLimitHint') }}</p>
         </div>
       </div>
-    </div>
   </div>
 </template>

frontend/src/components/account/TempUnschedStatusModal.vue

@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
       </div>
 
       <div v-else class="space-y-4">
+        <div class="rounded-lg border border-emerald-200 bg-emerald-50 p-3 text-sm text-emerald-800 dark:border-emerald-500/30 dark:bg-emerald-500/10 dark:text-emerald-300">
+          {{ t('admin.accounts.recoverStateHint') }}
+        </div>
+
         <div class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 p-4 dark:border-dark-600">
           <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
             {{ t('admin.accounts.tempUnschedulable.accountName') }}
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@
               d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4zm2 5.291A7.962 7.962 0 014 12H0c0 3.042 1.135 5.824 3 7.938l3-2.647z"
             ></path>
           </svg>
-          {{ t('admin.accounts.tempUnschedulable.reset') }}
+          {{ t('admin.accounts.recoverState') }}
         </button>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ const props = defineProps<{
 
 const emit = defineEmits<{
   close: []
-  reset: []
+  reset: [account: Account]
 }>()
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
@@ -225,12 +229,12 @@ const handleReset = async () => {
   if (!props.account) return
   resetting.value = true
   try {
-    await adminAPI.accounts.resetTempUnschedulable(props.account.id)
-    appStore.showSuccess(t('admin.accounts.tempUnschedulable.resetSuccess'))
-    emit('reset')
+    const updated = await adminAPI.accounts.recoverState(props.account.id)
+    appStore.showSuccess(t('admin.accounts.recoverStateSuccess'))
+    emit('reset', updated)
     handleClose()
   } catch (error: any) {
-    appStore.showError(error?.message || t('admin.accounts.tempUnschedulable.resetFailed'))
+    appStore.showError(error?.message || t('admin.accounts.recoverStateFailed'))
   } finally {
     resetting.value = false
   }

frontend/src/components/account/UsageProgressBar.vue

@@ -1,30 +1,5 @@
 <template>
   <div>
-    <!-- Window stats row (above progress bar, left-right aligned with progress bar) -->
-    <div
-      v-if="windowStats"
-      class="mb-0.5 flex items-center justify-between"
-      :title="statsTitle || t('admin.accounts.usageWindow.statsTitle')"
-    >
-      <div
-        class="flex cursor-help items-center gap-1.5 text-[9px] text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400"
-      >
-        <span class="rounded bg-gray-100 px-1.5 py-0.5 dark:bg-gray-800">
-          {{ formatRequests }} req
-        </span>
-        <span class="rounded bg-gray-100 px-1.5 py-0.5 dark:bg-gray-800">
-          {{ formatTokens }}
-        </span>
-        <span class="rounded bg-gray-100 px-1.5 py-0.5 dark:bg-gray-800"> A ${{ formatAccountCost }} </span>
-        <span
-          v-if="windowStats?.user_cost != null"
-          class="rounded bg-gray-100 px-1.5 py-0.5 dark:bg-gray-800"
-        >
-          U ${{ formatUserCost }}
-        </span>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
     <!-- Progress bar row -->
     <div class="flex items-center gap-1">
       <!-- Label badge (fixed width for alignment) -->
@@ -57,7 +32,6 @@
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import type { WindowStats } from '@/types'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
@@ -66,11 +40,8 @@ const props = defineProps<{
   resetsAt?: string | null
   color: 'indigo' | 'emerald' | 'purple' | 'amber'
   windowStats?: WindowStats | null
-  statsTitle?: string
 }>()
 
-const { t } = useI18n()
-
 // Label background colors
 const labelClass = computed(() => {
   const colors = {
@@ -117,12 +88,12 @@ const displayPercent = computed(() => {
 
 // Format reset time
 const formatResetTime = computed(() => {
-  if (!props.resetsAt) return t('common.notAvailable')
+  if (!props.resetsAt) return '-'
   const date = new Date(props.resetsAt)
   const now = new Date()
   const diffMs = date.getTime() - now.getTime()
 
-  if (diffMs <= 0) return t('common.now')
+  if (diffMs <= 0) return '现在'
 
   const diffHours = Math.floor(diffMs / (1000 * 60 * 60))
   const diffMins = Math.floor((diffMs % (1000 * 60 * 60)) / (1000 * 60))
@@ -137,31 +108,4 @@ const formatResetTime = computed(() => {
   }
 })
 
-// Format window stats
-const formatRequests = computed(() => {
-  if (!props.windowStats) return ''
-  const r = props.windowStats.requests
-  if (r >= 1000000) return `${(r / 1000000).toFixed(1)}M`
-  if (r >= 1000) return `${(r / 1000).toFixed(1)}K`
-  return r.toString()
-})
-
-const formatTokens = computed(() => {
-  if (!props.windowStats) return ''
-  const t = props.windowStats.tokens
-  if (t >= 1000000000) return `${(t / 1000000000).toFixed(1)}B`
-  if (t >= 1000000) return `${(t / 1000000).toFixed(1)}M`
-  if (t >= 1000) return `${(t / 1000).toFixed(1)}K`
-  return t.toString()
-})
-
-const formatAccountCost = computed(() => {
-  if (!props.windowStats) return '0.00'
-  return props.windowStats.cost.toFixed(2)
-})
-
-const formatUserCost = computed(() => {
-  if (!props.windowStats || props.windowStats.user_cost == null) return '0.00'
-  return props.windowStats.user_cost.toFixed(2)
-})
 </script>

frontend/src/components/account/__tests__/AccountUsageCell.spec.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,102 @@ describe('AccountUsageCell', () => {
     expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('admin.accounts.usageWindow.gemini3Image|70|2026-03-01T09:00:00Z')
   })
 
+
+  it('OpenAI OAuth 快照已过期时首屏会重新请求 usage', async () => {
+    getUsage.mockResolvedValue({
+      five_hour: {
+        utilization: 15,
+        resets_at: '2026-03-08T12:00:00Z',
+        remaining_seconds: 3600,
+        window_stats: {
+          requests: 3,
+          tokens: 300,
+          cost: 0.03,
+          standard_cost: 0.03,
+          user_cost: 0.03
+        }
+      },
+      seven_day: {
+        utilization: 77,
+        resets_at: '2026-03-13T12:00:00Z',
+        remaining_seconds: 3600,
+        window_stats: {
+          requests: 3,
+          tokens: 300,
+          cost: 0.03,
+          standard_cost: 0.03,
+          user_cost: 0.03
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    const wrapper = mount(AccountUsageCell, {
+      props: {
+        account: {
+          id: 2000,
+          platform: 'openai',
+          type: 'oauth',
+          extra: {
+            codex_usage_updated_at: '2026-03-07T00:00:00Z',
+            codex_5h_used_percent: 12,
+            codex_5h_reset_at: '2026-03-08T12:00:00Z',
+            codex_7d_used_percent: 34,
+            codex_7d_reset_at: '2026-03-13T12:00:00Z'
+          }
+        } as any
+      },
+      global: {
+        stubs: {
+          UsageProgressBar: {
+            props: ['label', 'utilization', 'resetsAt', 'windowStats', 'color'],
+            template: '<div class="usage-bar">{{ label }}|{{ utilization }}|{{ windowStats?.tokens }}</div>'
+          },
+          AccountQuotaInfo: true
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    await flushPromises()
+
+    expect(getUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(2000)
+    expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('5h|15|300')
+    expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('7d|77|300')
+  })
+
+  it('OpenAI OAuth 有现成快照且未限额时不会首屏请求 usage', async () => {
+    const wrapper = mount(AccountUsageCell, {
+      props: {
+        account: {
+          id: 2001,
+          platform: 'openai',
+          type: 'oauth',
+          extra: {
+            codex_usage_updated_at: '2099-03-07T10:00:00Z',
+            codex_5h_used_percent: 12,
+            codex_5h_reset_at: '2099-03-07T12:00:00Z',
+            codex_7d_used_percent: 34,
+            codex_7d_reset_at: '2099-03-13T12:00:00Z'
+          }
+        } as any
+      },
+      global: {
+        stubs: {
+          UsageProgressBar: {
+            props: ['label', 'utilization', 'resetsAt', 'windowStats', 'color'],
+            template: '<div class="usage-bar">{{ label }}|{{ utilization }}</div>'
+          },
+          AccountQuotaInfo: true
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    await flushPromises()
+
+    expect(getUsage).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('5h|12')
+    expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('7d|34')
+  })
+
   it('OpenAI OAuth 在无 codex 快照时会回退显示 usage 接口窗口', async () => {
 	getUsage.mockResolvedValue({
 	  five_hour: {
@@ -122,4 +218,137 @@ describe('AccountUsageCell', () => {
 	expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('5h|0|27700')
 	expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('7d|0|27700')
   })
+
+  it('OpenAI OAuth 在行数据刷新但仍无 codex 快照时会重新拉取 usage', async () => {
+	getUsage
+	  .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+	    five_hour: {
+	      utilization: 0,
+	      resets_at: null,
+	      remaining_seconds: 0,
+	      window_stats: {
+	        requests: 1,
+	        tokens: 100,
+	        cost: 0.01,
+	        standard_cost: 0.01,
+	        user_cost: 0.01
+	      }
+	    },
+	    seven_day: null
+	  })
+	  .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+	    five_hour: {
+	      utilization: 0,
+	      resets_at: null,
+	      remaining_seconds: 0,
+	      window_stats: {
+	        requests: 2,
+	        tokens: 200,
+	        cost: 0.02,
+	        standard_cost: 0.02,
+	        user_cost: 0.02
+	      }
+	    },
+	    seven_day: null
+	  })
+
+	const wrapper = mount(AccountUsageCell, {
+	  props: {
+	    account: {
+	      id: 2003,
+	      platform: 'openai',
+	      type: 'oauth',
+	      updated_at: '2026-03-07T10:00:00Z',
+	      extra: {}
+	    } as any
+	  },
+	  global: {
+	    stubs: {
+	      UsageProgressBar: {
+	        props: ['label', 'utilization', 'resetsAt', 'windowStats', 'color'],
+	        template: '<div class="usage-bar">{{ label }}|{{ utilization }}|{{ windowStats?.tokens }}</div>'
+	      },
+	      AccountQuotaInfo: true
+	    }
+	  }
+	})
+
+	await flushPromises()
+	expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('5h|0|100')
+	expect(getUsage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+	await wrapper.setProps({
+	  account: {
+	    id: 2003,
+	    platform: 'openai',
+	    type: 'oauth',
+	    updated_at: '2026-03-07T10:01:00Z',
+	    extra: {}
+	  }
+	})
+
+	await flushPromises()
+	expect(getUsage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+	expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('5h|0|200')
+  })
+
+  it('OpenAI OAuth 已限额时首屏优先展示重新查询后的 usage，而不是旧 codex 快照', async () => {
+	getUsage.mockResolvedValue({
+	  five_hour: {
+	    utilization: 100,
+	    resets_at: '2026-03-07T12:00:00Z',
+	    remaining_seconds: 3600,
+	    window_stats: {
+	      requests: 211,
+	      tokens: 106540000,
+	      cost: 38.13,
+	      standard_cost: 38.13,
+	      user_cost: 38.13
+	    }
+	  },
+	  seven_day: {
+	    utilization: 100,
+	    resets_at: '2026-03-13T12:00:00Z',
+	    remaining_seconds: 3600,
+	    window_stats: {
+	      requests: 211,
+	      tokens: 106540000,
+	      cost: 38.13,
+	      standard_cost: 38.13,
+	      user_cost: 38.13
+	    }
+	  }
+	})
+
+	const wrapper = mount(AccountUsageCell, {
+	  props: {
+	    account: {
+	      id: 2004,
+	      platform: 'openai',
+	      type: 'oauth',
+	      rate_limit_reset_at: '2099-03-07T12:00:00Z',
+	      extra: {
+	        codex_5h_used_percent: 0,
+	        codex_7d_used_percent: 0
+	      }
+	    } as any
+	  },
+	  global: {
+	    stubs: {
+	      UsageProgressBar: {
+	        props: ['label', 'utilization', 'resetsAt', 'windowStats', 'color'],
+	        template: '<div class="usage-bar">{{ label }}|{{ utilization }}|{{ windowStats?.tokens }}</div>'
+	      },
+	      AccountQuotaInfo: true
+	    }
+	  }
+	})
+
+	await flushPromises()
+
+	expect(getUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(2004)
+	expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('5h|100|106540000')
+	expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('7d|100|106540000')
+	expect(wrapper.text()).not.toContain('5h|0|')
+  })
 })

frontend/src/components/admin/account/AccountActionMenu.vue

@@ -32,14 +32,10 @@
                 {{ t('admin.accounts.refreshToken') }}
               </button>
             </template>
-            <div v-if="account.status === 'error' || isRateLimited || isOverloaded" class="my-1 border-t border-gray-100 dark:border-dark-700"></div>
-            <button v-if="account.status === 'error'" @click="$emit('reset-status', account); $emit('close')" class="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 text-sm text-yellow-600 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-dark-700">
+            <div v-if="hasRecoverableState" class="my-1 border-t border-gray-100 dark:border-dark-700"></div>
+            <button v-if="hasRecoverableState" @click="$emit('recover-state', account); $emit('close')" class="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 text-sm text-emerald-600 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-dark-700">
               <Icon name="sync" size="sm" />
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.resetStatus') }}
-            </button>
-            <button v-if="isRateLimited || isOverloaded" @click="$emit('clear-rate-limit', account); $emit('close')" class="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 text-sm text-amber-600 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-dark-700">
-              <Icon name="clock" size="sm" />
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.clearRateLimit') }}
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.recoverState') }}
             </button>
             <button v-if="hasQuotaLimit" @click="$emit('reset-quota', account); $emit('close')" class="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 text-sm text-teal-600 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-dark-700">
               <Icon name="refresh" size="sm" />
@@ -59,7 +55,7 @@ import { Icon } from '@/components/icons'
 import type { Account } from '@/types'
 
 const props = defineProps<{ show: boolean; account: Account | null; position: { top: number; left: number } | null }>()
-const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'test', 'stats', 'schedule', 'reauth', 'refresh-token', 'reset-status', 'clear-rate-limit', 'reset-quota'])
+const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'test', 'stats', 'schedule', 'reauth', 'refresh-token', 'recover-state', 'reset-quota'])
 const { t } = useI18n()
 const isRateLimited = computed(() => {
   if (props.account?.rate_limit_reset_at && new Date(props.account.rate_limit_reset_at) > new Date()) {
@@ -75,11 +71,16 @@ const isRateLimited = computed(() => {
   return false
 })
 const isOverloaded = computed(() => props.account?.overload_until && new Date(props.account.overload_until) > new Date())
+const isTempUnschedulable = computed(() => props.account?.temp_unschedulable_until && new Date(props.account.temp_unschedulable_until) > new Date())
+const hasRecoverableState = computed(() => {
+  return props.account?.status === 'error' || Boolean(isRateLimited.value) || Boolean(isOverloaded.value) || Boolean(isTempUnschedulable.value)
+})
 const hasQuotaLimit = computed(() => {
-  return props.account?.type === 'apikey' &&
-    props.account?.quota_limit !== undefined &&
-    props.account?.quota_limit !== null &&
-    props.account?.quota_limit > 0
+  return props.account?.type === 'apikey' && (
+    (props.account?.quota_limit ?? 0) > 0 ||
+    (props.account?.quota_daily_limit ?? 0) > 0 ||
+    (props.account?.quota_weekly_limit ?? 0) > 0
+  )
 })
 
 const handleKeydown = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {

frontend/src/components/admin/account/ScheduledTestsPanel.vue

@@ -41,8 +41,24 @@
             />
           </div>
           <div>
-            <label class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+            <label class="mb-1 flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
               {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronExpression') }}
+              <HelpTooltip>
+                <template #trigger>
+                  <span class="inline-flex h-4 w-4 cursor-help items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-gray-400/70 text-[10px] font-semibold text-gray-400 transition-colors hover:border-primary-500 hover:text-primary-600 dark:border-gray-500 dark:text-gray-500 dark:hover:border-primary-400 dark:hover:text-primary-400">
+                    ?
+                  </span>
+                </template>
+                <div class="space-y-1.5">
+                  <p class="font-medium">{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipTitle') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipMeaning') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleEvery30Min') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleHourly') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleDaily') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleWeekly') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipRange') }}</p>
+                </div>
+              </HelpTooltip>
             </label>
             <Input
               v-model="newPlan.cron_expression"
@@ -51,8 +67,22 @@
             />
           </div>
           <div>
-            <label class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+            <label class="mb-1 flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
               {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResults') }}
+              <HelpTooltip>
+                <template #trigger>
+                  <span class="inline-flex h-4 w-4 cursor-help items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-gray-400/70 text-[10px] font-semibold text-gray-400 transition-colors hover:border-primary-500 hover:text-primary-600 dark:border-gray-500 dark:text-gray-500 dark:hover:border-primary-400 dark:hover:text-primary-400">
+                    ?
+                  </span>
+                </template>
+                <div class="space-y-1.5">
+                  <p class="font-medium">{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipTitle') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipMeaning') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipBody') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipExample') }}</p>
+                  <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipRange') }}</p>
+                </div>
+              </HelpTooltip>
             </label>
             <Input
               v-model="newPlan.max_results"
@@ -66,6 +96,17 @@
               {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.enabled') }}
             </label>
           </div>
+          <div class="flex items-end">
+            <div>
+              <label class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                <Toggle v-model="newPlan.auto_recover" />
+                {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.autoRecover') }}
+              </label>
+              <p class="mt-0.5 text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
+                {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.autoRecoverHelp') }}
+              </p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
         </div>
         <div class="mt-3 flex justify-end gap-2">
           <button
@@ -135,6 +176,14 @@
                   {{ plan.enabled ? t('admin.scheduledTests.enabled') : '' }}
                 </span>
               </div>
+
+              <!-- Auto Recover Badge -->
+              <span
+                v-if="plan.auto_recover"
+                class="inline-flex items-center rounded-full bg-emerald-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-500/20 dark:text-emerald-400"
+              >
+                {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.autoRecover') }}
+              </span>
             </div>
 
             <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
@@ -202,8 +251,24 @@
                 />
               </div>
               <div>
-                <label class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+                <label class="mb-1 flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
                   {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronExpression') }}
+                  <HelpTooltip>
+                    <template #trigger>
+                      <span class="inline-flex h-4 w-4 cursor-help items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-gray-400/70 text-[10px] font-semibold text-gray-400 transition-colors hover:border-primary-500 hover:text-primary-600 dark:border-gray-500 dark:text-gray-500 dark:hover:border-primary-400 dark:hover:text-primary-400">
+                        ?
+                      </span>
+                    </template>
+                    <div class="space-y-1.5">
+                      <p class="font-medium">{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipTitle') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipMeaning') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleEvery30Min') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleHourly') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleDaily') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipExampleWeekly') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.cronTooltipRange') }}</p>
+                    </div>
+                  </HelpTooltip>
                 </label>
                 <Input
                   v-model="editForm.cron_expression"
@@ -212,8 +277,22 @@
                 />
               </div>
               <div>
-                <label class="mb-1 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+                <label class="mb-1 flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
                   {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResults') }}
+                  <HelpTooltip>
+                    <template #trigger>
+                      <span class="inline-flex h-4 w-4 cursor-help items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-gray-400/70 text-[10px] font-semibold text-gray-400 transition-colors hover:border-primary-500 hover:text-primary-600 dark:border-gray-500 dark:text-gray-500 dark:hover:border-primary-400 dark:hover:text-primary-400">
+                        ?
+                      </span>
+                    </template>
+                    <div class="space-y-1.5">
+                      <p class="font-medium">{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipTitle') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipMeaning') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipBody') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipExample') }}</p>
+                      <p>{{ t('admin.scheduledTests.maxResultsTooltipRange') }}</p>
+                    </div>
+                  </HelpTooltip>
                 </label>
                 <Input
                   v-model="editForm.max_results"
@@ -227,6 +306,17 @@
                   {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.enabled') }}
                 </label>
               </div>
+              <div class="flex items-end">
+                <div>
+                  <label class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                    <Toggle v-model="editForm.auto_recover" />
+                    {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.autoRecover') }}
+                  </label>
+                  <p class="mt-0.5 text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
+                    {{ t('admin.scheduledTests.autoRecoverHelp') }}
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+              </div>
             </div>
             <div class="mt-3 flex justify-end gap-2">
               <button
@@ -377,6 +467,7 @@ import { ref, reactive, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import BaseDialog from '@/components/common/BaseDialog.vue'
 import ConfirmDialog from '@/components/common/ConfirmDialog.vue'
+import HelpTooltip from '@/components/common/HelpTooltip.vue'
 import Select, { type SelectOption } from '@/components/common/Select.vue'
 import Input from '@/components/common/Input.vue'
 import Toggle from '@/components/common/Toggle.vue'
@@ -416,14 +507,16 @@ const editForm = reactive({
   model_id: '' as string,
   cron_expression: '' as string,
   max_results: '100' as string,
-  enabled: true
+  enabled: true,
+  auto_recover: false
 })
 
 const newPlan = reactive({
   model_id: '' as string,
   cron_expression: '' as string,
   max_results: '100' as string,
-  enabled: true
+  enabled: true,
+  auto_recover: false
 })
 
 const resetNewPlan = () => {
@@ -431,6 +524,7 @@ const resetNewPlan = () => {
   newPlan.cron_expression = ''
   newPlan.max_results = '100'
   newPlan.enabled = true
+  newPlan.auto_recover = false
 }
 
 // Load plans when dialog opens
@@ -472,7 +566,8 @@ const handleCreate = async () => {
       model_id: newPlan.model_id,
       cron_expression: newPlan.cron_expression,
       enabled: newPlan.enabled,
-      max_results: maxResults
+      max_results: maxResults,
+      auto_recover: newPlan.auto_recover
     })
     appStore.showSuccess(t('admin.scheduledTests.createSuccess'))
     showAddForm.value = false
@@ -504,6 +599,7 @@ const startEdit = (plan: ScheduledTestPlan) => {
   editForm.cron_expression = plan.cron_expression
   editForm.max_results = String(plan.max_results)
   editForm.enabled = plan.enabled
+  editForm.auto_recover = plan.auto_recover
 }
 
 const cancelEdit = () => {
@@ -518,7 +614,8 @@ const handleEdit = async () => {
       model_id: editForm.model_id,
       cron_expression: editForm.cron_expression,
       max_results: Number(editForm.max_results) || 100,
-      enabled: editForm.enabled
+      enabled: editForm.enabled,
+      auto_recover: editForm.auto_recover
     })
     const index = plans.value.findIndex((p) => p.id === editingPlanId.value)
     if (index !== -1) {

frontend/src/components/admin/usage/UsageTable.vue

@@ -4,7 +4,15 @@
       <DataTable :columns="columns" :data="data" :loading="loading">
         <template #cell-user="{ row }">
           <div class="text-sm">
-            <span class="font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white">{{ row.user?.email || '-' }}</span>
+            <button
+              v-if="row.user?.email"
+              class="font-medium text-primary-600 underline decoration-dashed underline-offset-2 transition-colors hover:text-primary-700 dark:text-primary-400 dark:hover:text-primary-300"
+              @click="$emit('userClick', row.user_id, row.user?.email)"
+              :title="t('admin.usage.clickToViewBalance')"
+            >
+              {{ row.user.email }}
+            </button>
+            <span v-else class="font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white">-</span>
             <span class="ml-1 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">#{{ row.user_id }}</span>
           </div>
         </template>
@@ -228,6 +236,14 @@
               <span class="text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.usage.outputCost') }}</span>
               <span class="font-medium text-white">${{ tooltipData.output_cost.toFixed(6) }}</span>
             </div>
+            <div v-if="tooltipData && tooltipData.input_tokens > 0" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
+              <span class="text-gray-400">{{ t('usage.inputTokenPrice') }}</span>
+              <span class="font-medium text-sky-300">{{ formatTokenPricePerMillion(tooltipData.input_cost, tooltipData.input_tokens) }} {{ t('usage.perMillionTokens') }}</span>
+            </div>
+            <div v-if="tooltipData && tooltipData.output_tokens > 0" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
+              <span class="text-gray-400">{{ t('usage.outputTokenPrice') }}</span>
+              <span class="font-medium text-violet-300">{{ formatTokenPricePerMillion(tooltipData.output_cost, tooltipData.output_tokens) }} {{ t('usage.perMillionTokens') }}</span>
+            </div>
             <div v-if="tooltipData && tooltipData.cache_creation_cost > 0" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
               <span class="text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.usage.cacheCreationCost') }}</span>
               <span class="font-medium text-white">${{ tooltipData.cache_creation_cost.toFixed(6) }}</span>
@@ -238,6 +254,10 @@
             </div>
           </div>
           <!-- Rate and Summary -->
+          <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-6">
+            <span class="text-gray-400">{{ t('usage.serviceTier') }}</span>
+            <span class="font-semibold text-cyan-300">{{ getUsageServiceTierLabel(tooltipData?.service_tier, t) }}</span>
+          </div>
           <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-6">
             <span class="text-gray-400">{{ t('usage.rate') }}</span>
             <span class="font-semibold text-blue-400">{{ (tooltipData?.rate_multiplier || 1).toFixed(2) }}x</span>
@@ -271,6 +291,8 @@
 import { ref } from 'vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { formatDateTime, formatReasoningEffort } from '@/utils/format'
+import { formatTokenPricePerMillion } from '@/utils/usagePricing'
+import { getUsageServiceTierLabel } from '@/utils/usageServiceTier'
 import { resolveUsageRequestType } from '@/utils/usageRequestType'
 import DataTable from '@/components/common/DataTable.vue'
 import EmptyState from '@/components/common/EmptyState.vue'
@@ -278,6 +300,7 @@ import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 import type { AdminUsageLog } from '@/types'
 
 defineProps(['data', 'loading', 'columns'])
+defineEmits(['userClick'])
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
 // Tooltip state - cost

frontend/src/components/admin/usage/__tests__/UsageTable.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
+import { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
+import { nextTick } from 'vue'
+
+import UsageTable from '../UsageTable.vue'
+
+const messages: Record<string, string> = {
+  'usage.costDetails': 'Cost Breakdown',
+  'admin.usage.inputCost': 'Input Cost',
+  'admin.usage.outputCost': 'Output Cost',
+  'admin.usage.cacheCreationCost': 'Cache Creation Cost',
+  'admin.usage.cacheReadCost': 'Cache Read Cost',
+  'usage.inputTokenPrice': 'Input price',
+  'usage.outputTokenPrice': 'Output price',
+  'usage.perMillionTokens': '/ 1M tokens',
+  'usage.serviceTier': 'Service tier',
+  'usage.serviceTierPriority': 'Fast',
+  'usage.serviceTierFlex': 'Flex',
+  'usage.serviceTierStandard': 'Standard',
+  'usage.rate': 'Rate',
+  'usage.accountMultiplier': 'Account rate',
+  'usage.original': 'Original',
+  'usage.userBilled': 'User billed',
+  'usage.accountBilled': 'Account billed',
+}
+
+vi.mock('vue-i18n', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('vue-i18n')>('vue-i18n')
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    useI18n: () => ({
+      t: (key: string) => messages[key] ?? key,
+    }),
+  }
+})
+
+const DataTableStub = {
+  props: ['data'],
+  template: `
+    <div>
+      <div v-for="row in data" :key="row.request_id">
+        <slot name="cell-cost" :row="row" />
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  `,
+}
+
+describe('admin UsageTable tooltip', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.spyOn(HTMLElement.prototype, 'getBoundingClientRect').mockReturnValue({
+      x: 0,
+      y: 0,
+      top: 20,
+      left: 20,
+      right: 120,
+      bottom: 40,
+      width: 100,
+      height: 20,
+      toJSON: () => ({}),
+    } as DOMRect)
+  })
+
+  it('shows service tier and billing breakdown in cost tooltip', async () => {
+    const row = {
+      request_id: 'req-admin-1',
+      actual_cost: 0.092883,
+      total_cost: 0.092883,
+      account_rate_multiplier: 1,
+      rate_multiplier: 1,
+      service_tier: 'priority',
+      input_cost: 0.020285,
+      output_cost: 0.00303,
+      cache_creation_cost: 0,
+      cache_read_cost: 0.069568,
+      input_tokens: 4057,
+      output_tokens: 101,
+    }
+
+    const wrapper = mount(UsageTable, {
+      props: {
+        data: [row],
+        loading: false,
+        columns: [],
+      },
+      global: {
+        stubs: {
+          DataTable: DataTableStub,
+          EmptyState: true,
+          Icon: true,
+          Teleport: true,
+        },
+      },
+    })
+
+    await wrapper.find('.group.relative').trigger('mouseenter')
+    await nextTick()
+
+    const text = wrapper.text()
+    expect(text).toContain('Service tier')
+    expect(text).toContain('Fast')
+    expect(text).toContain('Rate')
+    expect(text).toContain('1.00x')
+    expect(text).toContain('Account rate')
+    expect(text).toContain('User billed')
+    expect(text).toContain('Account billed')
+    expect(text).toContain('$0.092883')
+    expect(text).toContain('$5.0000 / 1M tokens')
+    expect(text).toContain('$30.0000 / 1M tokens')
+    expect(text).toContain('$0.069568')
+  })
+})

frontend/src/components/admin/user/UserBalanceHistoryModal.vue

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
         />
         <!-- Deposit button - matches menu style -->
         <button
+          v-if="!hideActions"
           @click="emit('deposit')"
           class="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-50 dark:border-dark-600 dark:bg-dark-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-dark-700"
         >
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
         </button>
         <!-- Withdraw button - matches menu style -->
         <button
+          v-if="!hideActions"
           @click="emit('withdraw')"
           class="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-50 dark:border-dark-600 dark:bg-dark-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-dark-700"
         >
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ import BaseDialog from '@/components/common/BaseDialog.vue'
 import Select from '@/components/common/Select.vue'
 import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 
-const props = defineProps<{ show: boolean; user: AdminUser | null }>()
+const props = defineProps<{ show: boolean; user: AdminUser | null; hideActions?: boolean }>()
 const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'deposit', 'withdraw'])
 const { t } = useI18n()
 

frontend/src/components/common/DataTable.vue

@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
           v-else
           v-for="(row, index) in sortedData"
           :key="resolveRowKey(row, index)"
+          :data-row-id="resolveRowKey(row, index)"
           class="hover:bg-gray-50 dark:hover:bg-dark-800"
         >
           <td

frontend/src/components/common/GroupOptionItem.vue

@@ -1,37 +1,56 @@
 <template>
-  <div class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 items-center justify-between gap-2">
+  <div class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 items-start justify-between gap-3">
+    <!-- Left: name + description -->
     <div
-      class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col items-start gap-1"
+      class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col items-start"
       :title="description || undefined"
     >
+      <!-- Row 1: platform badge (name bold) -->
       <GroupBadge
         :name="name"
         :platform="platform"
         :subscription-type="subscriptionType"
-        :rate-multiplier="rateMultiplier"
-        :user-rate-multiplier="userRateMultiplier"
+        :show-rate="false"
+        class="groupOptionItemBadge"
       />
+      <!-- Row 2: description with top spacing -->
       <span
         v-if="description"
-        class="w-full truncate text-left text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400"
+        class="mt-1.5 w-full text-left text-xs leading-relaxed text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 line-clamp-2"
       >
         {{ description }}
       </span>
     </div>
-    <svg
-      v-if="showCheckmark && selected"
-      class="h-4 w-4 shrink-0 text-primary-600 dark:text-primary-400"
-      fill="none"
-      stroke="currentColor"
-      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-      stroke-width="2"
-    >
-      <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M5 13l4 4L19 7" />
-    </svg>
+
+    <!-- Right: rate pill + checkmark (vertically centered to first row) -->
+    <div class="flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2 pt-0.5">
+      <!-- Rate pill (platform color) -->
+      <span v-if="rateMultiplier !== undefined" :class="['inline-flex items-center whitespace-nowrap rounded-full px-3 py-1 text-xs font-semibold', ratePillClass]">
+        <template v-if="hasCustomRate">
+          <span class="mr-1 line-through opacity-50">{{ rateMultiplier }}x</span>
+          <span class="font-bold">{{ userRateMultiplier }}x</span>
+        </template>
+        <template v-else>
+          {{ rateMultiplier }}x 倍率
+        </template>
+      </span>
+      <!-- Checkmark -->
+      <svg
+        v-if="showCheckmark && selected"
+        class="h-4 w-4 shrink-0 text-primary-600 dark:text-primary-400"
+        fill="none"
+        stroke="currentColor"
+        viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+        stroke-width="2"
+      >
+        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M5 13l4 4L19 7" />
+      </svg>
+    </div>
   </div>
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed } from 'vue'
 import GroupBadge from './GroupBadge.vue'
 import type { SubscriptionType, GroupPlatform } from '@/types'
 
@@ -46,10 +65,43 @@ interface Props {
   showCheckmark?: boolean
 }
 
-withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
+const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
   subscriptionType: 'standard',
   selected: false,
   showCheckmark: true,
   userRateMultiplier: null
 })
+
+// Whether user has a custom rate different from default
+const hasCustomRate = computed(() => {
+  return (
+    props.userRateMultiplier !== null &&
+    props.userRateMultiplier !== undefined &&
+    props.rateMultiplier !== undefined &&
+    props.userRateMultiplier !== props.rateMultiplier
+  )
+})
+
+// Rate pill color matches platform badge color
+const ratePillClass = computed(() => {
+  switch (props.platform) {
+    case 'anthropic':
+      return 'bg-amber-50 text-amber-700 dark:bg-amber-900/20 dark:text-amber-400'
+    case 'openai':
+      return 'bg-green-50 text-green-700 dark:bg-green-900/20 dark:text-green-400'
+    case 'gemini':
+      return 'bg-sky-50 text-sky-700 dark:bg-sky-900/20 dark:text-sky-400'
+    case 'sora':
+      return 'bg-rose-50 text-rose-700 dark:bg-rose-900/20 dark:text-rose-400'
+    default: // antigravity and others
+      return 'bg-violet-50 text-violet-700 dark:bg-violet-900/20 dark:text-violet-400'
+  }
+})
 </script>
+
+<style scoped>
+/* Bold the group name inside GroupBadge when used in dropdown option */
+.groupOptionItemBadge :deep(span.truncate) {
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+</style>

frontend/src/components/common/Select.vue

@@ -224,7 +224,13 @@ const filteredOptions = computed(() => {
   let opts = props.options as any[]
   if (props.searchable && searchQuery.value) {
     const query = searchQuery.value.toLowerCase()
-    opts = opts.filter((opt) => getOptionLabel(opt).toLowerCase().includes(query))
+    opts = opts.filter((opt) => {
+      // Match label
+      if (getOptionLabel(opt).toLowerCase().includes(query)) return true
+      // Also match description if present
+      if (opt.description && String(opt.description).toLowerCase().includes(query)) return true
+      return false
+    })
   }
   return opts
 })
@@ -434,7 +440,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
 
 <style>
 .select-dropdown-portal {
-  @apply w-max min-w-[160px] max-w-[320px];
+  @apply w-max min-w-[200px];
   @apply bg-white dark:bg-dark-800;
   @apply rounded-xl;
   @apply border border-gray-200 dark:border-dark-700;

frontend/src/composables/useSwipeSelect.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted, type Ref } from 'vue'
+
+/**
+ * WeChat-style swipe/drag to select rows in a DataTable,
+ * with a semi-transparent marquee overlay showing the selection area.
+ *
+ * Features:
+ *  - Start dragging inside the current table-page layout's non-text area
+ *  - Mouse wheel scrolling continues selecting new rows
+ *  - Auto-scroll when dragging near viewport edges
+ *  - 5px drag threshold to avoid accidental selection on click
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   const containerRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+ *   useSwipeSelect(containerRef, {
+ *     isSelected: (id) => selIds.value.includes(id),
+ *     select: (id) => { if (!selIds.value.includes(id)) selIds.value.push(id) },
+ *     deselect: (id) => { selIds.value = selIds.value.filter(x => x !== id) },
+ *   })
+ *
+ * Wrap <DataTable> with <div ref="containerRef">...</div>
+ * DataTable rows must have data-row-id attribute.
+ */
+export interface SwipeSelectAdapter {
+  isSelected: (id: number) => boolean
+  select: (id: number) => void
+  deselect: (id: number) => void
+}
+
+export function useSwipeSelect(
+  containerRef: Ref<HTMLElement | null>,
+  adapter: SwipeSelectAdapter
+) {
+  const isDragging = ref(false)
+
+  let dragMode: 'select' | 'deselect' = 'select'
+  let startRowIndex = -1
+  let lastEndIndex = -1
+  let startY = 0
+  let lastMouseY = 0
+  let pendingStartY = 0
+  let initialSelectedSnapshot = new Map<number, boolean>()
+  let cachedRows: HTMLElement[] = []
+  let marqueeEl: HTMLDivElement | null = null
+  let cachedScrollParent: HTMLElement | null = null
+
+  const DRAG_THRESHOLD = 5
+  const SCROLL_ZONE = 60
+  const SCROLL_SPEED = 8
+
+  function getActivationRoot(): HTMLElement | null {
+    const container = containerRef.value
+    if (!container) return null
+    return container.closest('.table-page-layout') as HTMLElement | null || container
+  }
+
+  function getDataRows(): HTMLElement[] {
+    const container = containerRef.value
+    if (!container) return []
+    return Array.from(container.querySelectorAll('tbody tr[data-row-id]'))
+  }
+
+  function getRowId(el: HTMLElement): number | null {
+    const raw = el.getAttribute('data-row-id')
+    if (raw === null) return null
+    const id = Number(raw)
+    return Number.isFinite(id) ? id : null
+  }
+
+  /** Find the row index closest to a viewport Y coordinate (binary search). */
+  function findRowIndexAtY(clientY: number): number {
+    const len = cachedRows.length
+    if (len === 0) return -1
+
+    // Boundary checks
+    const firstRect = cachedRows[0].getBoundingClientRect()
+    if (clientY < firstRect.top) return 0
+    const lastRect = cachedRows[len - 1].getBoundingClientRect()
+    if (clientY > lastRect.bottom) return len - 1
+
+    // Binary search — rows are vertically ordered
+    let lo = 0, hi = len - 1
+    while (lo <= hi) {
+      const mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1
+      const rect = cachedRows[mid].getBoundingClientRect()
+      if (clientY < rect.top) hi = mid - 1
+      else if (clientY > rect.bottom) lo = mid + 1
+      else return mid
+    }
+    // In a gap between rows — pick the closer one
+    if (hi < 0) return 0
+    if (lo >= len) return len - 1
+    const rHi = cachedRows[hi].getBoundingClientRect()
+    const rLo = cachedRows[lo].getBoundingClientRect()
+    return (clientY - rHi.bottom < rLo.top - clientY) ? hi : lo
+  }
+
+  // --- Prevent text selection via selectstart (no body style mutation) ---
+  function onSelectStart(e: Event) { e.preventDefault() }
+
+  // --- Marquee overlay ---
+  function createMarquee() {
+    removeMarquee() // defensive: remove any stale marquee
+    marqueeEl = document.createElement('div')
+    const isDark = document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark')
+    Object.assign(marqueeEl.style, {
+      position: 'fixed',
+      background: isDark ? 'rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.15)' : 'rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12)',
+      border: isDark ? '1.5px solid rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.5)' : '1.5px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.4)',
+      borderRadius: '4px',
+      pointerEvents: 'none',
+      zIndex: '9999',
+      transition: 'none',
+    })
+    document.body.appendChild(marqueeEl)
+  }
+
+  function updateMarquee(currentY: number) {
+    if (!marqueeEl || !containerRef.value) return
+    const containerRect = containerRef.value.getBoundingClientRect()
+    const top = Math.min(startY, currentY)
+    const bottom = Math.max(startY, currentY)
+    marqueeEl.style.left = containerRect.left + 'px'
+    marqueeEl.style.width = containerRect.width + 'px'
+    marqueeEl.style.top = top + 'px'
+    marqueeEl.style.height = (bottom - top) + 'px'
+  }
+
+  function removeMarquee() {
+    if (marqueeEl) { marqueeEl.remove(); marqueeEl = null }
+  }
+
+  // --- Row selection logic ---
+  function applyRange(endIndex: number) {
+    if (startRowIndex < 0 || endIndex < 0) return
+    const rangeMin = Math.min(startRowIndex, endIndex)
+    const rangeMax = Math.max(startRowIndex, endIndex)
+    const prevMin = lastEndIndex >= 0 ? Math.min(startRowIndex, lastEndIndex) : rangeMin
+    const prevMax = lastEndIndex >= 0 ? Math.max(startRowIndex, lastEndIndex) : rangeMax
+    const lo = Math.min(rangeMin, prevMin)
+    const hi = Math.max(rangeMax, prevMax)
+
+    for (let i = lo; i <= hi && i < cachedRows.length; i++) {
+      const id = getRowId(cachedRows[i])
+      if (id === null) continue
+      if (i >= rangeMin && i <= rangeMax) {
+        if (dragMode === 'select') adapter.select(id)
+        else adapter.deselect(id)
+      } else {
+        const wasSelected = initialSelectedSnapshot.get(id) ?? false
+        if (wasSelected) adapter.select(id)
+        else adapter.deselect(id)
+      }
+    }
+    lastEndIndex = endIndex
+  }
+
+  // --- Scrollable parent ---
+  function getScrollParent(el: HTMLElement): HTMLElement {
+    let parent = el.parentElement
+    while (parent && parent !== document.documentElement) {
+      const { overflow, overflowY } = getComputedStyle(parent)
+      if (/(auto|scroll)/.test(overflow + overflowY)) return parent
+      parent = parent.parentElement
+    }
+    return document.documentElement
+  }
+
+  // --- Scrollbar click detection ---
+  /** Check if click lands on a scrollbar of the target element or any ancestor. */
+  function isOnScrollbar(e: MouseEvent): boolean {
+    let el = e.target as HTMLElement | null
+    while (el && el !== document.documentElement) {
+      const hasVScroll = el.scrollHeight > el.clientHeight
+      const hasHScroll = el.scrollWidth > el.clientWidth
+      if (hasVScroll || hasHScroll) {
+        const rect = el.getBoundingClientRect()
+        // clientWidth/clientHeight exclude scrollbar; offsetWidth/offsetHeight include it
+        if (hasVScroll && e.clientX > rect.left + el.clientWidth) return true
+        if (hasHScroll && e.clientY > rect.top + el.clientHeight) return true
+      }
+      el = el.parentElement
+    }
+    // Document-level scrollbar
+    const docEl = document.documentElement
+    if (e.clientX >= docEl.clientWidth || e.clientY >= docEl.clientHeight) return true
+    return false
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If the mousedown starts on inner cell content rather than cell padding,
+   * prefer the browser's native text selection so users can copy text normally.
+   */
+  function shouldPreferNativeTextSelection(target: HTMLElement): boolean {
+    const row = target.closest('tbody tr[data-row-id]')
+    if (!row) return false
+
+    const cell = target.closest('td, th')
+    if (!cell) return false
+
+    return target !== cell && !target.closest('[data-swipe-select-handle]')
+  }
+
+  function hasDirectTextContent(target: HTMLElement): boolean {
+    return Array.from(target.childNodes).some(
+      (node) => node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE && (node.textContent?.trim().length ?? 0) > 0
+    )
+  }
+
+  function shouldPreferNativeSelectionOutsideRows(target: HTMLElement): boolean {
+    const activationRoot = getActivationRoot()
+    if (!activationRoot) return false
+    if (!activationRoot.contains(target)) return false
+    if (target.closest('tbody tr[data-row-id]')) return false
+
+    return hasDirectTextContent(target)
+  }
+
+  // =============================================
+  // Phase 1: detect drag threshold (5px movement)
+  // =============================================
+  function onMouseDown(e: MouseEvent) {
+    if (e.button !== 0) return
+    if (!containerRef.value) return
+
+    const target = e.target as HTMLElement
+    const activationRoot = getActivationRoot()
+    if (!activationRoot || !activationRoot.contains(target)) return
+
+    // Skip clicks on any scrollbar (inner containers + document)
+    if (isOnScrollbar(e)) return
+
+    if (target.closest('button, a, input, select, textarea, [role="button"], [role="menuitem"], [role="combobox"], [role="dialog"]')) return
+    if (shouldPreferNativeTextSelection(target)) return
+    if (shouldPreferNativeSelectionOutsideRows(target)) return
+
+    cachedRows = getDataRows()
+    if (cachedRows.length === 0) return
+
+    pendingStartY = e.clientY
+    // Prevent text selection as soon as the mouse is down,
+    // before the drag threshold is reached (Phase 1).
+    // Without this, the browser starts selecting text during
+    // the 0–5px threshold movement window.
+    document.addEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStart)
+    document.addEventListener('mousemove', onThresholdMove)
+    document.addEventListener('mouseup', onThresholdUp)
+  }
+
+  function onThresholdMove(e: MouseEvent) {
+    if (Math.abs(e.clientY - pendingStartY) < DRAG_THRESHOLD) return
+    // Threshold exceeded — begin actual drag
+    document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onThresholdMove)
+    document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onThresholdUp)
+
+    beginDrag(pendingStartY)
+
+    // Process the move that crossed the threshold
+    lastMouseY = e.clientY
+    updateMarquee(e.clientY)
+    const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(e.clientY)
+    if (rowIdx >= 0) applyRange(rowIdx)
+    autoScroll(e)
+
+    document.addEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove)
+    document.addEventListener('mouseup', onMouseUp)
+    document.addEventListener('wheel', onWheel, { passive: true })
+  }
+
+  function onThresholdUp() {
+    document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onThresholdMove)
+    document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onThresholdUp)
+    // Phase 1 ended without crossing threshold — remove selectstart blocker
+    document.removeEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStart)
+    cachedRows = []
+  }
+
+  // ============================
+  // Phase 2: actual drag session
+  // ============================
+  function beginDrag(clientY: number) {
+    startRowIndex = findRowIndexAtY(clientY)
+    const startRowId = startRowIndex >= 0 ? getRowId(cachedRows[startRowIndex]) : null
+    dragMode = (startRowId !== null && adapter.isSelected(startRowId)) ? 'deselect' : 'select'
+
+    initialSelectedSnapshot = new Map()
+    for (const row of cachedRows) {
+      const id = getRowId(row)
+      if (id !== null) initialSelectedSnapshot.set(id, adapter.isSelected(id))
+    }
+
+    isDragging.value = true
+    startY = clientY
+    lastMouseY = clientY
+    lastEndIndex = -1
+    cachedScrollParent = cachedRows.length > 0
+      ? getScrollParent(cachedRows[0])
+      : (containerRef.value ? getScrollParent(containerRef.value) : null)
+
+    createMarquee()
+    updateMarquee(clientY)
+    applyRange(startRowIndex)
+    // selectstart is already blocked since Phase 1 (onMouseDown).
+    // Clear any text selection that the browser may have started
+    // before our selectstart handler took effect.
+    window.getSelection()?.removeAllRanges()
+  }
+
+  function onMouseMove(e: MouseEvent) {
+    if (!isDragging.value) return
+    lastMouseY = e.clientY
+    updateMarquee(e.clientY)
+    const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(e.clientY)
+    if (rowIdx >= 0 && rowIdx !== lastEndIndex) applyRange(rowIdx)
+    autoScroll(e)
+  }
+
+  function onWheel() {
+    if (!isDragging.value) return
+    // After wheel scroll, rows shift in viewport — re-check selection
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      if (!isDragging.value) return // guard: drag may have ended before this frame
+      const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(lastMouseY)
+      if (rowIdx >= 0) applyRange(rowIdx)
+    })
+  }
+
+  function cleanupDrag() {
+    isDragging.value = false
+    startRowIndex = -1
+    lastEndIndex = -1
+    cachedRows = []
+    initialSelectedSnapshot.clear()
+    cachedScrollParent = null
+    stopAutoScroll()
+    removeMarquee()
+    document.removeEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStart)
+    document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove)
+    document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onMouseUp)
+    document.removeEventListener('wheel', onWheel)
+  }
+
+  function onMouseUp() {
+    cleanupDrag()
+  }
+
+  // Guard: clean up if mouse leaves window or window loses focus during drag
+  function onWindowBlur() {
+    if (isDragging.value) cleanupDrag()
+    // Also clean up threshold phase (Phase 1)
+    document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onThresholdMove)
+    document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onThresholdUp)
+    document.removeEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStart)
+  }
+
+  // --- Auto-scroll logic ---
+  let scrollRAF = 0
+
+  function autoScroll(e: MouseEvent) {
+    cancelAnimationFrame(scrollRAF)
+    const scrollEl = cachedScrollParent
+    if (!scrollEl) return
+
+    let dy = 0
+    if (scrollEl === document.documentElement) {
+      if (e.clientY < SCROLL_ZONE) dy = -SCROLL_SPEED
+      else if (e.clientY > window.innerHeight - SCROLL_ZONE) dy = SCROLL_SPEED
+    } else {
+      const rect = scrollEl.getBoundingClientRect()
+      if (e.clientY < rect.top + SCROLL_ZONE) dy = -SCROLL_SPEED
+      else if (e.clientY > rect.bottom - SCROLL_ZONE) dy = SCROLL_SPEED
+    }
+
+    if (dy !== 0) {
+      const step = () => {
+        const prevScrollTop = scrollEl.scrollTop
+        scrollEl.scrollTop += dy
+        // Only re-check selection if scroll actually moved
+        if (scrollEl.scrollTop !== prevScrollTop) {
+          const rowIdx = findRowIndexAtY(lastMouseY)
+          if (rowIdx >= 0 && rowIdx !== lastEndIndex) applyRange(rowIdx)
+        }
+        scrollRAF = requestAnimationFrame(step)
+      }
+      scrollRAF = requestAnimationFrame(step)
+    }
+  }
+
+  function stopAutoScroll() {
+    cancelAnimationFrame(scrollRAF)
+  }
+
+  // --- Lifecycle ---
+  onMounted(() => {
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onMouseDown)
+    window.addEventListener('blur', onWindowBlur)
+  })
+
+  onUnmounted(() => {
+    document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onMouseDown)
+    window.removeEventListener('blur', onWindowBlur)
+    // Clean up any in-progress drag state
+    document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onThresholdMove)
+    document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onThresholdUp)
+    document.removeEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStart)
+    cleanupDrag()
+  })
+
+  return { isDragging }
+}

frontend/src/composables/useTableSelection.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { computed, ref, type Ref } from 'vue'
+
+interface UseTableSelectionOptions<T> {
+  rows: Ref<T[]>
+  getId: (row: T) => number
+}
+
+export function useTableSelection<T>({ rows, getId }: UseTableSelectionOptions<T>) {
+  const selectedSet = ref<Set<number>>(new Set())
+
+  const selectedIds = computed(() => Array.from(selectedSet.value))
+  const selectedCount = computed(() => selectedSet.value.size)
+
+  const isSelected = (id: number) => selectedSet.value.has(id)
+
+  const replaceSelectedSet = (next: Set<number>) => {
+    selectedSet.value = next
+  }
+
+  const setSelectedIds = (ids: number[]) => {
+    selectedSet.value = new Set(ids)
+  }
+
+  const select = (id: number) => {
+    if (selectedSet.value.has(id)) return
+    const next = new Set(selectedSet.value)
+    next.add(id)
+    replaceSelectedSet(next)
+  }
+
+  const deselect = (id: number) => {
+    if (!selectedSet.value.has(id)) return
+    const next = new Set(selectedSet.value)
+    next.delete(id)
+    replaceSelectedSet(next)
+  }
+
+  const toggle = (id: number) => {
+    if (selectedSet.value.has(id)) {
+      deselect(id)
+      return
+    }
+    select(id)
+  }
+
+  const clear = () => {
+    if (selectedSet.value.size === 0) return
+    replaceSelectedSet(new Set())
+  }
+
+  const removeMany = (ids: number[]) => {
+    if (ids.length === 0 || selectedSet.value.size === 0) return
+    const next = new Set(selectedSet.value)
+    let changed = false
+    ids.forEach((id) => {
+      if (next.delete(id)) changed = true
+    })
+    if (changed) replaceSelectedSet(next)
+  }
+
+  const allVisibleSelected = computed(() => {
+    if (rows.value.length === 0) return false
+    return rows.value.every((row) => selectedSet.value.has(getId(row)))
+  })
+
+  const toggleVisible = (checked: boolean) => {
+    const next = new Set(selectedSet.value)
+    rows.value.forEach((row) => {
+      const id = getId(row)
+      if (checked) {
+        next.add(id)
+      } else {
+        next.delete(id)
+      }
+    })
+    replaceSelectedSet(next)
+  }
+
+  const selectVisible = () => {
+    toggleVisible(true)
+  }
+
+  return {
+    selectedSet,
+    selectedIds,
+    selectedCount,
+    allVisibleSelected,
+    isSelected,
+    setSelectedIds,
+    select,
+    deselect,
+    toggle,
+    clear,
+    removeMany,
+    toggleVisible,
+    selectVisible
+  }
+}